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'
•3DER4L VMON.
■ ■
JOHN G. POLHHX, EDITOR.
THE FEDERAL UNION*
Is published every Saturday at '1hr.ee dollars per an
num, in advance, or Four if not paid before die end of the
year.* The Office is on Waynt-Street, opposite Mc
Combs’ Tavern.
Ali Advertisements published at the usual rates.
[CJ a Each Citation by the Clerks of the Courts of Or
dinary that application has been made for Letters of Ad
ministration, must be published Thirty days at least.
Notice by Executors and Administrators lor Debtors
and Creditors to render in their accounts must be publish
ed Six weeus.
Sales of uegrocs by Executors and Administrators must
be advertised Sixty days before toe day of sale.
Sales of personal properly (except negroes) of testate
and intestate estates by Executors and Administrators,
must be advertised Forty days.
Applications by Executors, Administrators and Guar
dians to the cou:t of ordinary for leave to sell Land must
be published Four months. .
Applications by Executors and Administrators for Let
ters Dismissory, must be published Six Mt)N 111 ' , p
Applications I or foreclosure of- '
tate must be advertised once a month tor six ““J™®*
Sales of real estate by Executors, Administrators and
Guardians must be published Sixty days bclore tli- day
of sale. Tinjse sates must be made at the court-house
door between tLe hours of 10 in the morning usd four in
the afternoon. No sate from day to day is valid, unless
so expressed in the advertisement.
Orders of Court of Ordinary, (uccampanied with a copy
of vhe bond, or agreement) to make titles to Lund, must
be advertised Three months at least.
Sheriff's sales under executions regularly grunted by
the courts, must be advertised Thirty hays.
Sheriff’s sales under mortgage executions must be ad
vertised Sixty days before the day of sale.
Sheriff’s sales of perishable property under order of
Court must be advertised generally Ten days.
All Orders for Ad.erliscments will be punctually at
tended to.
%* All Letters directed to the office, or the Editor,
must oe postpaid to entitle them to attention.
MILLEDGEVILUBj GEORGIA, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 4, 1830.
VOLUME 1, NUMBER 9.
TO
Is Air ITOHOa.
T HE Copartnership in lhe PRACTICE ol ihe LAW,
heretofore existing between Samuel Lcwlher Al
fred Iverson, is this day dissolved by mutual consent—
A. Iverson having transferred his interest in said Part
nership to John L. Lewis.
A Copartnership has been this day formed between
Samuel Lowthek & John L Lewis, who will attend to
Hie Practice of the Law in the Ocmulgcc, Flint and South
ern Circuits. They will generally be found at their office
fai Clinton, when not absent on ihe Circuit.
A. Iverson will, during the present year, remove to
Columbus, and practice Law in all the counties of the
Chatahoocliie Circuit and in those of the Southern Cir-
eint where his services may be required. The services
of A. Iverson will be rendered in wintlingup the business
ofLgwlher ft l»«soa I* lhe “^^Unv'THER.
ALFRED IVERSON,
JOHN L. LEWIS.
Clinton, June 19, 1S30. 234urlm
law nctxceT ~
VTIL-EY W. G-AXTHZR,
AVING locate i himseif at McDonough, Henry
L_—. county, tenders his Professional services to the
b ic as Attorney and Counsellor at Law. He will at-
>d the Cour.s of the various counties in the Flint Cir-
•t. Aug 23 8 8t
MTLLEDGEVILLE
MASONIC HALL
LOTTERY.
On Thursday, the 4th day of November next,
T l iE Tlilitlt DA - ’8 DRAWING wiil positive!)
take place—at which time, the Wheel will be in
such situation, as for holders of Tickets to reasonably
calculate on some respectable prizes. A nobler chance
for a fortune, in the way of Lottery, was never present
ed lb the public. A'i who may feel disposed to purchase
Tickets, would act wisely, to buy, in the Milledgeville
Masonic Hall Lottery efhrethe next drawing. Thi.- Lot
tery is at bo'ii*.*, an ! though you should be unfortunate,
ihereis stiil the advantage that the muney will be in cir
culation amongst us. and added to this, the chance is cer
tainly very g>od tu realize ten or fifty limits the amount
expended for Tickets. On examination of the different
drawings, it will he seen that the small prizes are very
much diminished, ieaviug in the Wheefi nearly all of the
valuable ones—It wiil also be recollected, that the prizes
under two hundred dollar*, were deposited in the wheel
at the commencement of the drawing, and that there are
yet to be deposited, prizes from two hundred up to
39,000 DOLLARS !
which certainly holds out the strongest inducement to pur-
ei. users.
At rite nezl Drawing the following Splendid Pri
zes will be floating:
1
PRIZE OF fito,..<00
1
PRIZE
OF
$500
1
do
it
10.000
l
do
if
500
I
do
ii
5,000
1
do
ii
400
1
do
a
1,000
l
do
ii
400
1
do
ft
1,000
1
do
ii
40C
1
do
ft
900
1
do
ii
300
I
do
u
900
1
do
ii
300
1
do
4 •
800
1
do
tf
300
1
do
ii
800
1
do
ii
200
1
do
u
800
1
do
ft
200
1
do
tt
700
19
do
ii
too
1
do
ft
600
37
do
it
50
1
do
ft
500
besides 20’s and 10’s.
PRICE OF TICKETS.
Wholes $10—Halves $5—Quarters $2 50.
IdP” ORDERS addressed to Wyatt Foard, Secretary
to ihe Commissioners, post-paid, will meet with prompt
attention.
WYATT FOABD,
Milfedcevillc, July 17
Secretary to the Commissioners.
tf
NOTZCB.
’JTHWJ the temporary absence of the subscriber
from Georgia, Col Samuel A. Wales cf Clarks-
will attend to his Professional business.
JOHN R. STANFORD,
ly 3, 1830 235
J.YD
3C&XGESSZC2T 2’JSEKBSS.
'glilE undersign d guilefully acknowledge the liberal
p patronage with which they have been luvored in the
ibove line, and respectfully inform the public that they
ontmue its transaction in the City, and that tluir fa ill j-
h! and undivided attention will be devoted to the busi
ness of their patrons.
Liberal Cash advances may be expected on I reduce,
ic. in Store, when de.-ired
STOVALL & SIMMONS.
Augusta, Aug 7, 1830 5 l'2t^
2€!i!3!D!Cry&L*
D OCTORS John M. McAfee and James
B. Underwood, have associated them
selves in the PRACTICE of PHYSIC, and
its collateral branches, Surgery, Midwifery,
&c. under the firm of
Xft’AFRE & UNDERWOOD,
One of whom will ba found ready at all times to attend to
any professional calls. Their mileage or other charges
will be moderate, as times arc hard. They hope from
unremitting attention to the duties of their profession, to
merit and receive a liberal share of the public patronage.
N. B.—They will Practice in the Cherokee Nation
when called on. McAFEE & UNDERWOOD.
Gainesville, Hall county, May i, 1830 225—tf
VALUABLE PLANTATION
FOR SALE.
T HE subscriber offers for sale on scenmmodatlng
terms, his PLANTATION with all the improve
ments thereon, situated about sixteen miles from Mil-
ledgeville, on the road leading to Morening’s Ferry, in
Wilkinson county. This tract of land contains five hun
dred acres—about one hundred and fifty acres are clear
cd. It is situated in a healthy and fertile section of coun
try, and will no doubt suit purchasers. Those who feel dis
posed to purchase can call on the subscriber living on the
premises
JONATHAN PEARSON.
Wilkinson county, August 28, 1830 8 3t
A NEW A1AP OF GEORGIA.
T HE subscribers have now under the hands of tbe
Engraver in Nevv-Ttork, a complete and splendid
vlun of the State of Georgia, the greater part compiled
rom actual survey, with all the districts carefully laid
l,.wn and numbered, the whole completed with great la-
<ar and exactness f.oin the latest and most authentic in-
urmation, in a style not inferior to any thing of the kind
et presented to the public, with a table of distances from
he Seat of Government to every county site or place of
mportance in the State. The districts in the new pnr-
.hase and lower counties are all numbered in the corners,
so as to enable a person to ascertain the exact situation
af any lot of land, and will be painted and finished off in
he neatest manner—apait of them canvassed, varnished
ind i-laccdon rollers, the balance will be on thin paper
nicelv folded in morocco covers, and will be for sale in
Milledgeville by the first of Octobei next. Those on rol
lers at Five Dollars, and the pocket map of the same size
at Four Dollars. . ,. •
Persons residing at a distance wishing to procure the
map can do so bv sending by their members, as a suffi
cient number of them will be kept in Milledgeville during
the session of the Legislature.
CARLTON WELLBORN,
j u ] y 3i ORANGE GREEN.
r HE SUBSCRIBER is preparing a Defence of the
following Doctrines:
1. The Doctrine of Election, which is faiily proved
y scripture and its use shown.
2. The Doctrine of the Covenant of Redemption.
roved by scripture and reason, and its use show n.
3. An answer to the Rev. Cyrus White on the Atone-
:ent, in which liis “views” arc fairly refuted by scrip-
ire and reason.
4. The Author’s Views on Associations—in which he
esigns to shew that Associations are not conducted ac-
orcin w to scripture—AH which will shortly he published
y LUKE ROBINSON, of Newton to. Ga.
* May 29, IS30 230
"GEORGIA—-WALTON COUNTY.
a the Honorable the Inferior Court of said County, sit-
V ting for Ordinary purposes.
[ T appearing to the Court, that Benjamin Selman, late
of Morgan county, deceased, in bis lifetime, executed
s obligation to John Sclman, then of Clark county, but
tc of Walton county, deceased, bearing date the 30th
me 1821, conditioned to make a good and lawful war-
ntee Title to lot number one hundred and seventy-two,
the tenth district of Habersham county:—And, it ap-
arino- that both the said Benjamin Selman and his Ad-
inistrator, and the said Johe Selman died without cxe-
iting titles in conformity with said Bond,
It is therefore ordered by the Court, That William W.
Biman, Administrator, de bonis non, of said Benjamin
Biman, deceased, make titles to John H. Lowe, Admin-
trator of the laid John Selman, deceased, in conformi-
with the conditions of said bond.
A true extract from the minutes this 3d May, 1930.
JESSE MITCHELL, c. c. o.
ouiy j 5 228 Cm
Medical Institute of Georgia.
T HE first Session of this Institution, which opened
iri Augusta, on the 1st cf October last, closed on
the 3d Monday in May loilewing. The Executive Com
mittee are happy in lining able to stale that the pledges
to ihe public contained in the Circular of the last year
have been faithfully redeemed by a most profitable course
of instruction.
Although the Legislature, at its last Session, passed an
Act to alter the nameol the Medical Academy of Georgia,
ic. granted to the Board of Ti ustees of tbe M edicaL In
stitute cf Georgia, the power of conferring the degree
of Doctor of Medicine; the Executive Committee think
it advisable, Tor the present, that the operation!) of the
Institute continue on the iQcademic Arrangements of
the last Session.
The Committee feci justified by the experience of the
past Session, which ofiordc-d a lair test of the plan of in
struction adopted in this institution, in believing that the
combined Course* of Study here adopted, aff-rd to the
Pupil advantages in rapid advancement in the acquisition
of Medical knowledge, and in economy of time and mo
ney, nor elsewhere to be found.
Such is the plan of Instruction in the Medical Insti
tute of Georcia, that it is suited as well tj tbe begin
ning, as the more advanced Pupil, and that no private slu
dy in profession is necessarily required before * nteriag
the Class.
The Committee earnestly recommend to all who intend
to devote their attention to the study of Medicine, first to
possess themselves of a good knowledge of the Latin and
Greek Languages, in addition to a good English Educa
tion, including a general knowledge of Natural Philoso
phy and Mathematics.
The Academic hours, during which all Pupils will be
expected to he lound in the Institution duly engaged in
their Studies, will, from the autumnal to the Vernal equi
nox, be from 9 to 12 a. m and from 2 to 5 p. m.; and
from the Vernal to the Autumnal, from 8 to 12 a. m. and
.2 to 6 p.m.
The Course of Studies combines in the same Institution,
a regular system of Private Study, consisting of Medical
Reading, Examinations, and Anatomical Exercises, with
a. Regular Course of Lectures on all ihe branches of Med
icine, with appropriate demonstrations, <? c. Two Lec
tures will be daily delivered before the Class during Acad
emic hours, (Sunday’s excepted,) from the 1st Monday
in October to the 3d Monday in May. During the other
four months, such Students as will remain, will be em
ployed in regular Reading and Examinations: Students
can be accommodated with Rooms fjr private Reading in
the Institution j and such order, at all times, preserved
by the Steward, as to prevent any interruption to Studies.
Good Board will be furnished by the Steward who re
sides at the Institution, at the very moderate price of $9
per month without, and $10 25, xoilh Lodging.
Board will be expected to be paid for monthly, or quar
terly, in advance, as may be agreed cn between Student
and Steward.
A Competent Library is supplied, without any necessary
expense to the Pupil, for the purchase of Books, except
Pocket Volumes.
The Tickets of Admission to the benefits of the Insti
tute, will be $100, payable in all cases, as usual, in ad
vance.
The Annual Examination of the Class is held on the
3d Monday in May.
Lectures will be delivered by the following Gentlemen:
M. ANTONY, M. D.
On the Institutes and Practice of Medicine, and on Mid-
wiferii. and the Diseases of Women and Children.
J J L. D. FORD, M. D.
On Chemistry and Materia Medico.
J. A. EVE. M. D.
On Anatomy, and on Surgery
JOB PRINTING,
NEATLY EXECUTED AT THIS OFFICE.
PHYSIOLOGY.
August 28
j. g. McWhorter, m. d. j Exeeulivt
JOHN DENT,. M D. > Committee.
MILTON ANTONY, M. Z>. ) L
DR. GORMAN S ADDRESS,
Before the Medical Faculty and Society of Phil
adelphia, being an enquiry into the Philoso
phy or Nature and Relations of Life.
with the view to appreciate and discriminate
between the laws purely physical, and the vi
tal laws, in the phenornina of organization;
and to determinate the Nature of Disease,
of Therapeutical Agents, &c.
[concluded.]
When we consider the number of diversified
agents and the immense circuit of their action,
to which life is subjected; and that the power,
with which it reacts is limited, exhaustible, and
vegetative—that it loses at each reaction,
while what acts upon it loses nothing, should
we be astonished, that at last, it opposes no
longer, and yields to I he unequal contest—that
in tbe bosom of nature there should be erect
ed a tomb for man!
Chemical affinity is itself indirectly a bound
less source of stimulations to life. We know
the physiological effects of bodies are decis
ively altered, and modified by the slightest va
riation in the quantities of the ingredients,
which combine for their formation. Witness
the chlorides of Mercury, the sulpbated and
phospbated salts, 4*c. The power and inten
sity of the modifying action of bodies, in many
respects, appear to bear no proportion to their
weight and bulk or to the quantity Who can
tell what would be the therapetical dose of
that poison, which originates Typhus Fever,
Small Pox, Rubeola. Pestis Vera, &c. or of
Mal aria or Marsh Efluvia, which in tropical
and citratropical countries, cut sudd nlyjoose
the fetters of death, enrage and infuriate him
in the dreadful autumnal ievers to which they
give rise of which, were it not ostentatious,
I could exclaim, as did Pius zEneas, in his ad
dress to the beautiful Queen of Carthage,
"Magna pars fui "
But to write out and individualize, were we
able, all the philological effects of matter in all
its various properties, and modifications would
be to compose a most voluminous treatise.
As other subjects are pressing for descanta-
tion we must coutent ourselves with stating,
that all the actions, of which it is capable,
viewed in relation to the states of vitality, are
but three; salutiterous, morbific, therapheutic.
And that the slightest inspection of the situa
tion ot living brings, will show us, that they
are very conveniently disposed to receive its
impressions. We see them immersed, and
live, for the most part, either in a fluid br gas-
seous Ocean, which to multiply its powers, and
give it greater efficiency, continually imbibes
the fumes or exhalations of foreign bodies, but
particularly, ot the sun The earth and the
media, in which they live, -c«»tinnMly lrao|» «j.
.< reaction upon them equal to the weight of
their organized masses. Even did we know
nothing of them, the most superficial observa
tion of the various ways, in which they are
formed, and accommodated to the contact and
intercourse of matter, would be sufficient for
us to conclude, a priori, their existence is close
ly interwoven and dependent upon it. They
are, in the expressive phraseology of Cuvier,
foci or vortices, which continually imbibe and
throw it off again. Some of its properties, I
may observe, life employs without moitifica-
tien, tor the fulfilment of its own purposes.—
Such are elasticity, extension, inertia. Gravi
ty operates both for and against it, entirely
modified in its effects by the animal’s natural
upright posture or horizenfality. The influ
ences of the separate properties of matter upon
'he living economy, were they not often so
blended together, would constitute the best
foundation for pathological classification; and
perhaps, one day, when better understood they
will prove to be the true basis for this classifi
cation
It deserves to be noticed, that matter in a
fluid or gasseous state, offers to life the most
decidedly intense and powerful stimulations’
as light, caloric electricity, galvanism, the poi
sons, l have mentioned. It would likewise
appear, but I do not know that any valuable
thought can be struck out from the coinci
dence, that the greatest energy and activity of
life, are displayed in its fluid substances
Contrarily however, there are some, who
suppose, over the fluids, certain solids, and
particularly fibrinc, eijoy the hightest degree
of superviiahty. All animals, we know, are
reproduced in a fluid or semifluid state, the so
lids afterwards to be gradually developed.—
Solidity, therefore, is not essential to animali
ty. Could we trace an atom, from the mo
ment it penetrates the vital p> riphery, through
all the gradations of alimentation up to the so
lid or tissual state; it is highly probable, we
should find the vital force, by which it moves,
weaken upon it sometime before it reaches this
state. There are a good many circumstances,
which w’ould induce us to believe, the time it
remains in this state, varying however in the
different tissues, is extremely short; we cannot
tell how long, perhaps it may not be a moment.
If then life acts with its greatest force in
these solids, just ia proportion to this force
would be the suspension of tbe activities of its
physical properties; and the power, which
brought it thither, still increasing in strength,
ought to maintain it in its place But far from
being maintained, it retrogrades soon to the
fluid state again, to be thrown out into the
great vomitory, whence it came.
Perhaps, then, we ought to regard the solids
as the extreme of life’s efforts, where the vi
tal force fades and becomes weakened; and
this force, which projects atoms through all
the grades of assimulation up to this last state,
as becoming, in many instances, so exhausted
by the efforts it has made, as to be unable to
return them back through absorption, by the
same way, they entered. What then would
be the consequence? Precisely what often
happens. These atoms miscarried of the vi
tal powers, and left infiltrated among the tis
sues, would act as extraneous matter upon the
living atoms around tbciDj create phlogout t
and give rise to the various classes of tumors,
and exanthematous diseases, whose pathology
is now so dark.
In confirmation of this view of the subject,
we know that little tumors and pustules, fre
quently make, their appearance upon places,
whose living energies had been previously re
duced by the application of blisters and siaa-
pisms.
The idea, then, of organization, is that of
atoms,, impelled by a specific power, which
pass through a regular series of changes; then
pass out; so that the motion of life is vibrato
ry forwards and backwards, the state of soli
dity or of tissue constituting one extreme of
the scale of vibratory movement, the physical
state, the zero or the ether extreme. Audit
is highly probable, as I before have said, nay,
almost certaio, that these atoms find no repose
in any part of fife’s dynamical system, but pass
rapidly from change to change, until they a:e
again delivered up to the sway and dominion
of their own material economy. Were these
atoms to tarry, or in other words, were they
not winged with the most inconceivable velo
city through our organization, what must be
the consequence, since we know that life in a
single mao, during his ordinary age, organizes
at least, Irom six to seven hundred thousand
pounds of them.
I had intended to illustrate my subject by
unfolding the prospect, which, the cultivation
of infinitissiinul anatomy holds out to patholo
gy aud therapetics; and by considering the the-
rapentic action of medicines in connection with
the morbific and salutiterous action of mate
rial bodies in general, but time does not allow'.
To conclude: We know nothing of matter,
but as the cause of our ideas. Every sense
gives us some distinct intimation of its exis
tence, and our ideas are limited by the senses.
It is reasonable, therefore, if there was a furth
er modification of the nervous matter of our
frames, creating new senses in addition to the
ones, we Bow possess; just in proportion we
should discover new properties in matter.
IIovv short do all our reasonings stop in con
sequence! How precious and narrow the en
closed Emits of well ascertained truth; and
how wide and variegated, in all the sciences,
docs the field of theory expand around it!—
Every moment, we sec events transpire round
us, of which we can give no account. They
must he connected with causes; and the cau
ses are the properties of things, of which our
senses afford us no information In like man
ner, often when it is little expected by us, we
see patients suddenly revive to the impression*
of external agents, or lose all reaction in death,
showing us we are as ignorant of the intima e
nature of vital, as of the physical movements
of matter.
But while we cannot hope to attain to an in
timate knowledge of cither, we may yet in
quire what is the nature of that energy flow
ing out of bodies to impel life to action. Is it
specific? A power attached to body, which
answers no purpose, accomplishes no end in
the material economy?
The supposition would involve a tax, an
expense upon nature; and is contrary to analo
gy. It is then, simply the efforts, which tna-
lerial bodies put forth in tbe conservation ol
their own existence, in fulliiliug the designs ol
their own economy, which impel the vital me
chanism to action; and sensibility and contrac
tility are only the avenues, through which these
efforts pass to produce their effects: in other
words, an adaptation on the part oflife to re
ceive them.
The action of one body upon another, so
well as language will express it, causes that
body to put forth the same efforts, as the one
which acted upon it b 'irig of a homologous na
ture. That is, when ouc body exerts gravita
tion, extension, &c. upon another it occasions
that body to gravitate, extend, exercise vis in
ertia et cetera. But, for a contrary reason,
when a body exerts these same forces upon
life, it does not cause it, like another body, to
gravitate, to extend, but to secrete, circulate,
exhale,—in a word, to organize. The influ
ence of one body felt in another, revive* the
sums influence to be reciprocated, but felt by
life, undergoes modification; and what in the
one instance would have been the display of
corporeal functions, now in the ether, becomes,
the display of vital functions. And nature has
made it easy, through contractility and sensi
bility, for the actions of material bodies, to
pnoo, a ii >i bcvuim. uuuoiuiuicu iuio iue actions
of her living creatures, to which, they are the
bread of existence. The exertions of every
body throughout the material universe, con
tinually expend themselves in giving origin to
similar exertions in other bodies. Their exer
tions upon life are expended in giving rise to
organization, and all its phenomena.
Full of this idea, whose plan ranges through
the illimitable mechanism of worlds, nature
has constructed animals accordingly; and it is
plainly manifested in every part of their de
vice. What admiration for the science.and
wisdom displayed in constructing the scheme
for animal causation!
If it be not so as I have said,—if living be
ings be not formed in relation and accommo
dation to the physical properties of material
bodies, w'hose modifications determine the mo
difications of their forms and properties, caus
ing their device to be what we behold it—to
what end? Why do we see wings and lungs
in the air, fins and gills in the water? Why
such a diversity of instinct—of understand
ing—of apparatus? But i forbear.
POLITICAL.
A reverend old gentleman used frequently
and strongly (o recommend prudence in con
versation. ‘ You should always thick twice be
fore you speak orice,” was his favorite mot
to. One evening a negro servant, to whom
his advice had often been, given, and some
times rather sharply, thus proved his obedi
ence:—“Massa I think once Massa, 1
hink twice Massa t think three times,
-year wig is on firs.’*
FROM THE GEORGIA JOURNAL.
MR. WIRT TO GOVERNOR GILMER.
Baltimore, June 4-th, 1830..
Sir—A just respect lor the State of Geor
gia, and a desire to avoid a misconstruction
which might be attended with evil consequen
ces, seem to me to call lor a communication
which, under other circumstances, might well
be deemed officious and intrusive. The ex
citement with regard to the Indians within your
borders is already so high, and, m this stale of
feeling, measures of the most innocent charac
ter are so easily misapprehended aud convert*
ed into causes of offence, that I persuade my
self your Excellency will at least approve the
motive of this fi tter as u measure of peace.
The Cherokee Nation have consulted me.
professionally, as to their rights under their va
rious treaties with the United States. Among
other questions they have asked me whether,
under the federal constitution, laws and trea
ties, the State of Georgia has the right to ex
tend her laws, compulsively, into their nation;
and whether this question can or cannot be
carried for decision to the Supreme Court of
the United S.ates? I aoi fully aware of the se
rious import of these questions, and regret ex
ceedingly that they have arisen. I foresee
distinctly the disastrous consequences which
may be made to flow from giving the contro
versy this direction: and yet if it be met and
conducted with proper temper, as 1 trust it
will, it is quite as apparent that it may prove
the means ol peace and reconciliation. 1 have
not sought this consultation. It has been cast
upon me in the common and regular practice
of my profession; aud according to my under
standing ot my professional duties, I am uol at
liberty to refuse either by advice or services
to any one who comes to consult me on his le
gal rights, and who has nothing more in view
than the assertion of those rights according to
the course of the laws of the land.
It is my misfortune to differ with the con
stituted authorities of the State of Georgia, on
the question of her power to extend her laws
into the Cherokee Nation: aud the late debates
in Congress will have satisfied your Excellen
cy that in this opinion I am not siugular, but
that 1 hold it in common with many of the most
distinguished lawyers on our contineut We
may he wrong: and, as infallibility is not the
lot of mortals, those who hold the opposite o-
pinion may possibly be wrong. Fortunately
there exists a tribunal before which this diffe
rence of opinion may be quietly and peaceably
settled, and to this tribunal 1 think it may be
regularly referred. I perceive that in the de
bates to which 1 have alluded a mistaken hu
manity has hpp»» euppoQ«j to warp the judg
ment on one side of this question, and interest
on the other. In the Supreme Court of the
United States, we shall find a tribunal as impar
tial and as enlightened as can be expected on
this earth; or ii partiality can be supposed to
find its w r ay into that high tribunal, on any oc
casion, it is not on such a one as tins, that the
Cherokee Nation have a right to expect it in
their tavor. To them the Courts of the United
States are Foreign Courts, while they are the
Domestic Tribunals ot the States of the Union
I have told those people that 1 am wit hug t^
ussi*t them in bringing their rights for final de
cision before the Supreme Court of the Uuiter*
States on the condition that they conduct
themselves peaceably towards the people of
Georgia, and of th - United States, and that
they make the question purely a question ot
law for our Courts: but that I will abandon
them and their cause on the first aggressiou by
violence on the white people around them
which shall be authorised by their nation, it
is but ju&tice to add that in those of the nation
who have been with me, and who compose the
delegation that have been at Washington
through the winter, l have not discovered the
slightest disposition to violence. They are ci
vilized and well informed men—they wear our
dress—speak our laDguage correctly, and in
their manners indicate all tbe mildness and
much of-the culture and courtesy of our owu
best circles Tiicy assure me that their peo
ple at home have abandoned the habits ofsar*
age life and subsist by agriculture and the oth
er usual and peaceful pursuits of civil zed so
cieties. They profess, and I believe, with en
tire sincerity, to be willing to make the ques
tions of pure law r , tor the decision of our own
t~, uu j <m i perceive ov tne reported de
bate in Congress that a measure of this sort
has been anticipated, and that one of your en
lightened Senators in that body expressed a
strong, and without doubt, a sincere conviction
that tbe decision of the Judiciary would, if it
should ever be asked, be in favor of the right
of the Stale to legislate over the Cherokee na
tion, 1 cannot but indulge the hop6 that in pro
posing to bring this question before the Su
preme Court, 1 shall have advised a measure,
more pleasing than other wise, to the State of
Georgia.
Be this as it may, I cannot reconcile it to
my own sense of propriety to have any agency
in this affair without apprisingyour Excellency
frankly and respectfully, of what is intended.
I desire to have it distinctly understood, on
every hand, that neither these people nor the;.'
counsel aim at any thing more in this move
ment, than an open, peaceable and respect A;.
appeal to the opinion of our own Courts, the
Courts of the Union.
Your Excellency will not understand me ae.
asking or expecting that yon will take tbe trou
bleto answer this letter. My object is singL
and sincere; it is simply to avoid all appear
ance of concealment, and all misapprehension
or surprise on the part of the State of Georgia,
by advising your Excellency fairly and openly,
of the measure in contemplation and by assu:-
ing you that there is no other purpose m vteu
than a quiet, peaceable and respectful refer
ence of the questions of law and right ia de
pute between the State of Georgia and the
Cherokee People, to the highest Court of ot^.'
nation, the Supreme Court ol the U. States,'