Newspaper Page Text
L t
C
THE FEDERAL
.editor.
MIL.L.EDGEVIL.L.E, GEORGI TUESDAY, JANUARY 26, 1831.
VOLUME 1, NUMBER 29.
mTrti rsDEHAL I'NIOM
• I | 'j'UPKt)
ufi ;<i every . D ...j before tin v
us per an-
ePtl of tlx
opposite Me
I Is p jbli.h -'i cicij •-
* Bum, in idcance, or Faua ‘ n3t P“^
f y« ir. The OTue is on Waynt-Mreel,
j P- h,i *V J V 1 ,', “ r* 1 r.
I - -3S» ii ac i, c tation by the Cleiks of the Courts of Or-
* iu7lic4ti.m has been made (iir Letters of Ail-
m . 'it- mjst be publisiied Thirty days at least.
10 V vtice by EK-’CUtbrs and Administrators (or Debtors
an t 0 - Jit irs to render in their accounts must be publish-
cJ Six weeks# ••
S il^s )i •! *4r<>'s !>y G^cutors and Administrators must
tc .ldrortise 1 Sixty days before the day of sale.
Silesof ;j?rs cial properly (except negro's) of testate
ail intestate estate* by Executors aud Administrators,
in ist be Advertised Forty days.
\ K>*ie itio=i3 by Executors, Administrators and Guar
di t'H to 'lie court of ordinary for leave to sell Land must
be published Focr mostiis.
Applications by Executors and Administrators for Let
ters Dismisjory, must be published Si ■: months.
Applications lor fort closure of Mortgages on real Es
tate must b advertised once a month for Six months.
Sales of real estate by Executors, Administrators and
Q i ir liuns nud be published Sixty days before the day
of sale. These sales must be made at the court-house
clair between the hours of 10 iu the morning and four in
the sftern >>n. No sale from day to day is valid, unless
expressed in the advertisement.
O'lers >f Courtof Ordinary, (accompanied with acopy
of the bond, or agreement) to make t sties to Lund, must
be advertised Thre'e months ut least.
Sheriff's sales under executions regularly granted by
the courts, niostbe advertised Thirty days.
Sheriff’s sales under mortgage executions must bead-
VCrtis d Sixty days before iheday of sole.
Sheriff’s sales of perishable property under order of
Gouri must be advertiseil generally 1 en pays.
All ' iK’DGKi for Advertisements will be punctually at
tended to. *
* + + All Le'tcrs lircetcd to the office, or the Editor,
m i it h •> aqit vaid * » en*i' 'e them to iilet'tinn.
1 "■ ? 1 ■" ! ■
GEORGIA ZiEGISIsATURE.
W rl are requested to announce tb
I AM i> SCOliGIN. Esq *
Sh ;ri(T of Baldwin county at the next
oflje* ra.
e name »»i v\ ILL
s a candidate f
lection for county
November f>
W E are authorised to announce Hubert Frown,
E-q. of Jasper county, a candidate for 8 irv-. vi r
for the purp jsc of running If the Lauds wit tin the bO'inds
.of'.be Cherokee nati-ui oi lri ti^ns. Jen t5
MILLEDGEVILLE
LOTTE
liAhOSIC
e?
HALL.
&0QQ PHIZES TO EE 22*LWJ II!
On Tuesday,
The first day ofi .March next,
lIE FOU ru D A V’S IHLAVVfNi. ..!! be com-
me need at which time will be deposited the follovv-
tng Capital Prizes in addition to those yet remaining in
T
l
a i nm, *
PRIZE
of
$15 000
1
PRIZE
of
$600
1
do.
it
1 0«)0
1
do.
41
500
\
do.
•c
900
l
do.
is
400
1
do.
Cl
800
l
do*
««
.30J
1
do.
cc
700
1
do.
U
200
Which wi I make the list of Prizes, then to be fluting,
.stand as follows, viz:
i
<>
A*
I
3
3
3
15
of $15,000
of 10,000
5,000
of
of
of
of
of
1,000
900
800
100
2
2
4
4
4
3
35
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
$700
OG0
500
TOO
800
200
50
Resides Twenty’s and Ten’s
The Board of Gommissmncrs have, resolved to cum-
.mence the FcAirlit Day’s Drawing with ONE THOUS
AND PRIZES, and to continue such an arrangement
of the subsequent_ drawings us will bring the Lottery to a
IJV THE HOUSE OF REPRES'RJCTJ1T1VE8-
SPEECH OF MR. TOWNS,
CF TALBOT COUNTY,
ON WOOD’S RESOLUTIONS.
Mr. Speaker—I do not consider any apolo
gy necessary lor the time I shall consume af-
ter witnessing the range gentlemen have taken
in this debate. It has been my custom Sir,
when speaking of men and measures, to take
no greater lati> mle-than the freedom of debate,
ami the rules of this bouse secured to me; and
even Sir, were I cm this occasion to transcend'
those just boundaries of restraint, at all times
necessary for the discharge of our duties on
ibis floor, might I not look to the example of
the honor, hie gentlemen from Baldwin ahd
Twiggs, to justify my course—but pardon me
St, should 1 not deem it necessary to the suc
cess of my cause, to assume the attitude and
deal in terms so incompatible with the dignity
ofthis house. Nj Sir, the principles that lam
about to advocate, and winch have received
the opposition of the honorable gentlemen
from Baldwin and Twiggs, needs no vaunting,
or extraordinary exertions on my part, to carry
conviction to 1 lie mind of every candid repnbli-
cunofthe inestimable truths embodied in them
selves. I am happy Sir that the resolutions 1
am about to vindicate, rest not so much upon
the abilities of the advocate, as upon the pro»
v sions of that constitution which in the Ian
guage of the resolutions has been the admira
t ion.of the tvho’e ivorhh -d>d they rest on the
former I should withdraw from the contest, and
frost their fate to some more able hand. But
Sir, they ace doubly fort died—though their
friends may be but few iu this house—though
they may he denounced, and their supporters
vilified, yr t Sir, they will find a congenial
-tome, in the bosom of every man, who is de
voted to the Federal Constitution, and looks
*o the Union of these States as one ofthe hies
-iogs for which our forefathers fought, and glo
riously corjqu red. Yes, Sir. the threatening
lone and contemptuous sneer of gentlemen in
rhe opposition may acquire for them the plau
dits. and admiration oft hose who are in feeling
with them, hut the truth always powerful is
not to be smothered, anti gentlemen will find,
hat sooner, or later, the freemen of this State,
and the patriotism of Georgia will burst forth,
<n a torrent, not to be stopped at the nod of
one man> or the concentration of that aid,
which is now and for some time has been, obe
dient to his bidding. Sir, 1 desire to be un
derstood as entertaining high personal respect
far the honorable gentlemen from Baldwin and
Twiggs & would not ungenerously wound their
feelings, hut Sir, they must remember that
they have dealt out with no sparing hand re
proachful terms against the measures and mem
bers of that party with which I am numbered:
tnd whilst it may he necessary to reply to the
remarks of gentlemen, with some freedom, 1
shall never loose sight of that temper which I
-mould be glad to Ere cuter into all of the deli
berations ofthis house.
As the gentleman from Baldwin gave some
indications in the course of hr.- remarks that he
would give good reasons against the proprie
ty of the passage of the resolutions on your ta
ble. it i> but due to that gentfr man and his ar-
8 ^Those vviio have vested their funis in this Lottery may |jguments to give them my earliest attention.—
?7tf
u|
calculate on being very soon relieved from their suspense
and those who have oat yet purchased 1 ickels must do
ideal they do quick y ” , , .
Until the lirst day of March mix , f<ckcls ntaj be had
at tlif present prices—
WHOLES $ 10—shares in proportion.
All ORDERS (post-paid) will meet prompt at
tention. Add t eas to
WYATT FOARD,
Secretary to Commissioners.
jf, IU T) ie Office ot the Commissioners is removed to
.(be stand recently 'occupied by H. Costiurd, Eaq
January .9
~~ EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT,
Milled'tvUlr, 5tlt January, 1831
^BTOTICR IS HERESY GIVE*, tfw in pursuance o
T W n Act, passed ihe ’Aid December 1S30, entitled an
Ac-., •To provide lor the temporary disposal of tbe im
provements and poss-.-ssions purchased from certain Che
rokee Indi >.ns and residents” all the improvements and
possessions which formerly belonged to the Cherokee < r
Creek Indb»n3 and which have been psid lor by the Uni
lcilSia'd* Government *nd have not been otherwise dis
posed of bv the State, situated in the county of Carroll,
w.tl bo rented by public out-cry nt Carrollton, on tin Iri
on J ICtb—those if: DcKalb, at Decatur, on the lSthand
l'Jtn; in Gwinnett, at Lawrencevilte, on the 21.land
2id; m Hall, at Gainesville, on h- 23d; and in Haber
sham, at Clarksvillle, on the 25th of February next. The
leases n ill be far one year commencing lr>’tn ■the. firstnf
February 1831. The persons renting will be required
<o give notes far the rent with approved security payable
du the 1st of January, 1832.
By the Governor,
MILLER GRIEVE, Sec’ry Ex Dep.
Jan 8 27 4t
SURVEYOR GENERAL’S OFFICE, t
Milled*eville, 5th January, 1831. $
P URSUANT to an Execulive Order from his Excel
lency ihe Governor, I am instructed to request the
Surveyors elected for laying off, into Districts, the Terri
lory belonging to the State of Georgia, ncccnpied by the
Cherokee Indians, to be and appear at MilledgcviHe on or
.before the first day of February next, for tbe purpose of
liling their bonus, adjusting their chains and coir.p isses,
taking the oath required by law in conformity to the art
of the General Assembly, passed the 21st December 1830,
TTtive their instructions and proceed immediately to the
discharge r.f ihe tr duties, of which they are hereby npti-
(3 ) JOHN BFTHUNE, Sur. Grn.
, nn _. LTOTICil. , ,
1 DO tiEREBt forewarn all persons from trading for
M. a certain Note of hand given by myself t*» one John
and James Joyce, for Thirty dollars, dated lh< 2lst day o(
August, 1830, due the I9thdiy of December, 1330. as
the consideration for which said Note was given having
entirely failed. L- BERRY GREEN.
January 9 27 3*
ble gentleman from’
parage his claims to
pie ofthis Slate—h<
upon the principles
Wanted to Hire Immediately,
a PRIME NEGRO MEN, for the
use of the Corporation of Mil-
ledgeville for the yew 1831. Apply to
W. R. HILL, Marshall.
January 8 27 tf
W ANTED TO HIRE, by tbe month or year, a
smart NEGRO GIRL, ten «r twelve years of
%—for one well recommended liberal wages will be giv-
«n- Apply at this Office. ® ^7 3t
if r m
OFFICE*
The gentleman commenced by asking “wheth
er the object of the resolutions was to promote
the interest of a party’*. Sir. my answer i^.
that a* an individual and a Georgian, I tell ii
to be mv privilege and my duty too Sir, t<
give a free and unreserved expression of my
prine.iples in r- iaiio , loall measures connected
with the .happiness of the people when lh< *
safety and interest demanded it. The resolu
tions I -upport contain my doctrines on several
cardinal principles ofthis government. I be
lieve they are the doctrines of pure republi
canism 1 believe they are the doctrines that
will perpetuate Ibis Union, that will stand the
test, and receive the sanction of the friends ot
good order, and bring onr fellow citizens to a
just conct ption in what consists their true hap
piness—If Sir, to disseminate such doctrines,
as calculated to promole Ihe interest of a par
ty in this State, then I am happy to believe
that 1 am attached to a party that is and have
ever been struggling, to preserve our Const itu-
;ion and Laws in that purity, which the Father
of the American people lell them, and to give
just warning to our fellow-citizens of the ap
proach of such men 4r measures as that father
in his valedictory address warned os of. The
honorable gentleman from Baldwin was pleas
ed to remark “that there was no political hon
esty or political wisdom in bringing forward
th''"resolutions at this time. Mr. Speaker these
are strong terms, and ill become the dignity
ofthis hoiLse. Strong as they are however,
the gentleman has not sustained them by argu
ment or facts—he has left them whe.e he de
livered them, unsupported by any other au
thority than the character of the name that
has given them utterance. And though in pri
vate life tbe character of that name would
claim of me high respect, yet in political dis
cussions the mere declaration of that gentle
man is not to upset a system pf political truths
that have received the unqualified approbation
of the distinguished statesmen and patriots of
mir revolutionary struggle. The honorable
wentleman indulging in the richuess uf lw®
cy imagined that he had dkcovered in the
“face of the resolutions, the character of the
mover, that though the lion’s head was not
brought to view, yet from the battlements was
seen floating in the air his terrific mien.” Yes
Sir, it required no extraordinary exertions of
the’ mental powers to have discovered the
character ofthe individual that penned the re
solutions upon your table. It is fortunate for
that gentleman, it is fortunate for this country,
that there are yet to be found among us, those
whose patriotism is not supplanted by ambition
—and that when they attempt to submit their
views to their fellow-citizens, that their tru-
^character m»y be 8 e*o—but Sir* if the hooora-
aidwin intended to dis-
e confidence of t he poo
ls content to rest bis fab
mbodied in the rcsolu
lions upon your tahje—and though he may
weep as a father woultov^r the follies of a son
for the indiscression of l1t<?ir opponents—when
his laksnts mid his tintfe have been devoted to
the preservation of that constitution whiqh all
profess to revere, but which he adores—he
will content himself with the consolation that
he has done all he could do, to resene his
countty from its impending danger, and if the
hand of power which is now levelled at him,
should ult imately triumph, and his country fall,
the sin will not be upon his head. The hon
orable member from Baldwin believed it im
proper to reflect on the South Carolina doc
trines—he believed he had the sentiments of
South Carolina in his pocket—he generally
carried them. Sir, the gentleman may have
an advantage over me in that particular, ] do
not envy him in it . I do not carry the nullifying
doctrines of South Carolina in my pocket—I
am not sufficiently fond of them, to give them
a protecting place so near my system. I am
fearful of the contact—there is a principle in
thosH doctrine?—-a virus Sir, which if not re
strained in its circulation must ere long, con
sume all that is held sacred and dear, to the
American people;—I mean your constitution
The gentlemen fiom Baldwin and Twiggs have
said much in compliment of Soulh Carolina
and her triendly feeling? towards Georgia; I
had supposed the gentlemen would have kept
silent on that subject, yet one of the gentle
men was candid enough to admit that a few
years ago trad feelings did exist between the
1'roup party of this and the present nullifying
party oi South Carolina That the Clark par
ty in Georgia Was at that time friendly to the
advancement o| some ofthe distinguished men
ol South Carolina, and Ihe Troup party op
posed to them
Mr Speaker permit me to give some expla
nation, in relation to the relative changes in
parties in this Siateand South Carolina. Ami
suIIUr me Sir, at the onset to draw a distmc
tion, w hich I desire to be understood as tbe
feelings of the Clark party. When speaking
ot SoUfh Carolina, that they have not waged
war against Soulh Carolina as a State, or a-
gainst all the people ofS. Carolina. And it will
be distinctly recollected Sir, that the resolu
tions now under consideration throughout do
not contain the name of S. Carolina—that they
only attack the doctrine of nullification, wher
over it may be found, whether in Georgia or
South Carolina, or elsewhere. And Sir, whilst
explaining, it is hut due to the friends of the
resolutions, to say, that if the doctrines of nul
lification had no> been entertained by some of
our citizens that the resolution deprecating
that doctrine would not have been incorpora
ted. This explanation and honest avowal are
due by the friends of the resolutions to those
who arc opposed to nullification whether of
South Carolina or elsewhere. But Sir. the
honorable member froth Baldwin has enter
tained this house with copious extracts from
the late message of the Governor of South
Carolina to show his friendly feeling toward
the rights of Georgia m the acquisition oi her
territory. I listened and was amused Mr.
Speaker at tbe ingenuity of gentlemen in en.
deavoring to mislead this house, by contrast-
ng the sentiments of the G »vern»r’s Message
of South Carolina with the resolutions on your
table. The one they compliment as the mag
nanimous interposition of a sister Slate to aid
Georgia io a perilous and dangerous confl ct.
whilst Georgia with the ingratitude of a recre
iri* was endeavoring to undermine all tnat was
dear to Carolina by the adoption ofthe resolu-
lions on y> ur (able. Now Mr Sj e.tker is the
bones: virtuous patriotism of Georgia to he
liiu:? mislead. Ate wc the people ot Georgia
■o he compelled to adopt the doctrine of nuili
ficution—a doctrine which I believe will sub
vert our government if persisted in, becau-e the
Governor of Soulh C^rol na has been pleased
to take a friendly nonce of our Indian relation? !
And are we to he told Sir, that our lip? art-
sealed, and that we shall not be permitted to
pass a resolution, condemning the doctrine of
nullification because certain men in South Car^
oltna have advocated that doctrine, and their
Governor has, very recently it will be rt-col
lected, bestowed some passing compliments,
on the rights of Georgia. Yes Mr. Speaker,
the great'sensibility that has manifested itself
on this floor, that the doctrine of nullification,
otherwise the Carolina doctrine, should not he
exposed, hut serves too clearly to connect with
(hat doctrine, many of our own distinguished
citizens, who dare not come out aud openly ad
vocate those doctrines, which they cherish in
private—and will advocate in public when the
proper time shall have arrived. Tell me Sir,
why lias the old breach between tbo Troup
party in this State and the nullifying party in
South Carolina been all on a sudden reconcil
ed. What event has induced them to forget
their old feuds, and greet each other, with
such good cheer? Why has the rights of
Georgia never excited the sympathy of South
Carolina, until of late, and that Georgia in her
turn must not, yea Sir, dare not attack the
doctrine of nullification which has received so
much countenance in that State. Sir, there
;<t mystery in those old enemies, becoming
«levoted friends pulBss-it ti ammuiefliiir by
their en erlaining the same views on tbe sub
ject of nullification. If those opposed to the
resolutions are advocates ot nullification, let
them say so—let them not get out of the ques
tion by saying it is ingratitude to reflect upon
South Carolina—let them not tell n* as the
gentleman from Baldwin has done, that be was
oulhlyer in part—and in the language of the
o-entleman from Twiggs, that the character ot
Georgia would be compromitted by the adop
tion of these resolutions after the protestor
the legislature of J828, being deposited in tbe
archives ofthe United State.?. The people of
Georgia expect fflytf candor of their represen
tatives. They expect oft heir representative?
when they arc threatened with a calamity, to
he honestly warned, and correctly informed—
And in order Mr. Speaker that the people of
Georgia might* be correctly informed as to tbe
[ >olitical creed of many on this floor—and be*
ieving :nai ihe happiness of cur c:tiaei»-tie-
pended Upon the successful maintenance of
those doctrines contained in the resolutions.—
I must be indulged to advert to the resolu
tions with a view that the house may distinctly
understand them.
The first resolution Sir, recognizes ihe fede
ral Constitution as the bond of union between
these United States, and in the exercise of Rs
functions should strictly adhere to a literal
construction of that instrument, and clearly a
void tho assumption of any power uot clearly
given. This Sir, is my doctrine, I regard the
federal government as the bond of Union be
tween these States, and so long as that Gov
ernment shall strictiv adhere to a literal con
struction, and in the language of the resolution
clearly avoid the assumption of any power not
clearly given, do I believe the government will
be safe. Jn that light the framers of that in
strument regarded it. And in that light shall
that instrument receive my humble support.
The second resolution that has met with
such opposition requires that Congress under
the ConsUturion maj legitimately raise a reve
nue for the support of the Government; yet iu
doing so a ju>t and prudent discussron ought
to be exercised constantly, keeping in view,
a fair and just equalization ofthe burthens im
posed in the several States, says the resolu
tion. We find however that this principle has
been disregarded in the existing Tariff of
1828. This law unjust in its conception has
also been partial in its operation, and concludes
by demanding in the most emphatic terms its
modification, anti bettor adaptation to the inte
rest ofthe whole.
The third resolution commends the early
« xtinguishment of that National Debt, aud
points out the blessings that, will again pervade
the whole Nation upon the accomplishment of
that object.
The fourth resolution recommends that as
there are conflicting opinions, and an avowed
hostility of the people against the assumption
°f Congress to apply the national resources to
the purposes miscalled “Internal Improve
ment." This Legislature cannot forbear ex
pressing their pointed disapprobation of any
such appropriations, until the Constitution ol
tbe United States is so amended, as more ex
plicitly to give the power claimed.
The fifth resolution in substance declare?
our attachment to the General Government,
and that our happiness depends upon its pre
servation, that we should discountenance all
open expressions unfriendly to the continuance
of our happy Union. Also the resolution de
Clares trial u is nrmiy ueneveu mat disunion
will bring in its tram discord, misery, and civil
war, and finally that the people of this State,
will deem those unworthy of their confidence,
and their worst enemies, who seek to sow a-
mong them the seed? of disunion, and intro
duce the baneful doctrine of nullification.
The sixth resolution approves ofthe admin
istration of President Jackson, and recom
mends in the strongest terms his re-election.—
Thus^Vlr. Speaker, I have presented to ihe
House the resolutions that have called forth
the unqualified reprehension of geutiemen on
this floor. It i? for introducing these resolu
tions that their friends have been called desti
tute of political honesty or political wisdom.—
It is fortunate for the resolutions, and fortu
nate for their friends, that their fate will have
to be passed over by the people of Georgia to
whose decision I will chceriully submit reserv
ing however to myself the right of placing that
estimate upon such frivolous imputations, as 1
believe them entitled to. The honorable
member from Baldwin stated that gentlemen
had denounced tbe best blood in South Caro
ima, namely, Haynes and Sumpter by the in
troduction of the resolutions on your fable.—
1 hope not Sir. I cannot believe the best blood
in South Carolina or i.u any other State in this
Union is denounced by the resolutions. And
surely Sir if the quality of (he South Caroli
na, ortho Georgia blood either, is only to he
valued in proportion to the attachment of that
blood to our Government, the gentleman may
dismiss his fears. There is no principle in
these resolutions that denounces true and po
iitical blood Sir, it is only the blood ofthe
disunionist that these resolutions attack. It i?
only such blood as would sow civil discord ano
misery, that would feel itself denounced by the
principles on your table. «Aud if Sir, the blood
of Hayne and Sumpter have so far degenerat
ed from the glory of their ancestors as to feci
denounced by these resolutions under conside
ration, it only goes to show that whilst in the
father’s bosom the flame of patnotisfa burnt,
that that flame was resumed to be quench
ed by pampered ambition. This leads me
Sir, to the consideration of that doctrine
deprecated by the resolution, and which is to
ruin the best blood ol South Carolina, accord
ing to tbe fears of gentlemen. If Sir, I should
be fortunate enough to show this house, that
there is no such doctrine to be found in the
Constitution, 1 shall have discharged my duty.
I am fully aware Sir, tbe subject is quite
too grave for me to hope ever, under the most
favorable circumstances, to interest the House
I shall attempt fo do but little more ffiao give
in a condensed form, the opinions of distin
guished individuals, without attempting to en
ter fully Into the reasoning in support of their
opinions! What Sir, let me. ask, is tbe doc
trine of Nullification# It is said to be, that
whenever there is in the opinion of any one
State, a palpable, deliberate and dangerous
violation of the Constitution of a law of Con
gress, such State may, without ceasing to be
a member of the Union, d xlare tbe law to be
unconstitutional and prevents its execution
within a State, thus this is a constitutional
’right—aud that its exercise will produce a
constitutional remedy by obliging Congrcs*
either to repeal the law or obtain an explicit
grant of the power which is denied by the
State by submitting an amendment to the
several States, and that fry the decision of the
requisite number, the States as well as ihe
Union would be bound. Ttm-gront danger of
this doctrine Mr, Speaker, consists in indne-
jng the citizens of a State to believe *.nat
they have .» right by virtue of their State
Governments, to protect themselves from un
wise and uoiust laws -passed fry Congress—
and that in Thus protecting themselves, they
are warranted under some, or all of the rea
soning that has been advanced in support of
the doctrine of nullification If however,
Mr. Speaker, the doctrine that u State cna
resist the operation of an act of Congress, ho
maintained on the supposition that the act of
Congress was unconstitutional, when in truth
the act was constitutional, let me ask y,oii.
Sir, what would he the condition of that State
or the people of that State ? Aan I to he told
that they would not incur pains aud penalties?
And upon whom, sir, would those pains and
penalties fall ? upon the Slate in her sovereign
and political character, or upon the citizens of
the United States, and the inhabitants of thcr
particular State in their individual character?
And, Sir, can that doctrine be wholesome and
sound, that prompts an individual under the
m’staken idea of the protection of State sov
ereignty—to resist a law, and thereby commit
a crime, and yet, sir. when he is called upon to
answer to the charge brought against him. by
the General Government, for that sovereignty’
to be inadequate to his protection ? But. sir,
it is said the right a State has to resist an ^un
constitutional law, is a constitutional right—
and that a State can exercise that right with*
out Ceasing to be a member of the Union, or
in other words separating tlie Union. If it be
a fact that the States have reserved to them
selves in the ft-rmatiou of the General Gov
ernment the right ef resisting the operation pf
a law of the General Government, whenever
in the opinion of a single State the law was
unconstitutional, it is perfectly obvious that
the General Government has failed to be a
bond of union between the several States —
No union can exist, between twenty-four State*
unless there be a power to preserve that
union, that will operate equally upon all. 'Fo
give to one of those States the right of de
termining upon the validity of an act of tho
whole, and suspending the operation of the
act of the whole, wcuhl he to introduce a
check into the operations of Government,
that would make the Government so dilatory
in its operations, that it would be worse than
useless. But it is contended that tbe right of
resistance which each State has to an uncon
stitutional act, will produce a constitutional
remedy There seems to exist some differ-
U1 iv#t/ uf vpuiton <« mou^ itivs.-w »* liu w
the doctrine as to the remedy, some maintain
ing it exists in the right of the State, to call
a convention, and thereby act directly through
the sovereignty of the people ; other? through
means of the legislatures. And yet, the ad
vocates for all these different systems of re
dress have never yet made the slightest allu
sion to any article of the Constitution oftb*
Federal Government, that would sustain (hem
m any, of these plans (if redress Adhering as
I do, to a literal construction of the Constitu
tion, whether that construction will operate in
favor of State rights or against them, I very
naturally would look to the constitu'ion for
the powers claimed for the States, as regard*
the doctrine of Nullification. If it i9 uot to
be found in the Federal Constitution can the
doctrine be maintained by reason or expedien
cy ? 1 think not, sir; but to proceed, Mr.
Hayne, the champion of Nullification main
tains “ that the General Guvernment is purely
confederative, created by n compact between
Independent States, in thsir sovereign, inde
pendant and political character,” and denies
that there are any features of a popular form
of gbvernment, in the General Government.
If it was true that the General Government
was in fact a pure confederacy, then it might
be necessarydo pursue the reasoning, (hat has
induced gentlemen to believe that the doc
trine of nullification, was necessarily incident
to that form of Government. But if it be un
true in fact, then it is wholy useless to bestow
farther reflection upon this ground in support
of the Carolina doctrines. What, sir, do we
understand by a confederative government,
it has been defined to be, a “ Government
composed of several Independent States,
bound together tor specific naljpnal purposes*
and relying on its action upon the diff rent
States in their p< Iitical capacity, not individu
ally upon their citizens.” “A popular gov
ernment is founded upon the consent expres
sed or implied of the people of Ihe a'hole na
tion—and which ope/ates in all its depart
ments directly upon the people.” A recur-
ance to our political history may aid us in as
certaining the true character of our General
Government Previous to the formation of
the present federal constitution, the state*
were bound together under the old confedera
cy. Soon experience but too clearly prov. d
the political truth, that the Confederacy was
too weak and wholly inadequate to (be pro
tection of the States. It became necessary
therefore, that a new principle should be In
corporated io the Government, that was to
gurenr tW-J8ul««. Mppit Ll»H fao,- Ri^-
Speaker, the character of t^is principle; it
was to give a power to the General Govern
ment to act directly on the people- of th* sev
eral Slates to raise a rdvfefcs* independent of
the agency of the States—fof the support of
government. This principle of a popular form
of government is clearly delegated by the
States to the present Federal Government.-**
And thus far and in this particular, the General
Government is a popular government. Sir.
the fact that the General Government was.
formed hy Delegates appointed by tbe State*
,and ratified bjr conventions of the j?eopk| <$