Newspaper Page Text
SAYANNAII
GEORGIAN
NEW SERIES—VOL. II
s.irjixxjtn, '/nunau.ir mohxixg, deckmkrr u, 1322.
- XJ.«U
NO 8
SVVANN.-V.I1:
VT.HNFADAY MOUSING HV/:. U, 1822
NATIONAL LEGISLATURE.
The second session of tho Seventeenth
Congress commenced, according to the
Ammunition, on Monday, the 2d inst. ai
(piushmgtpn. Mr. Guillard took the chair
tf the Senate, and K i*. Harbour that of
the House of iieproentutives, After the
tneinbers had been called, and the usual
interchange of communications taken place
between the two houses and the execu
tive, the Senate adjourned, and the House
proceeded to ballot for a elefft ; but after
aix ballots, adjourned without making the
appointment. On Tuesday the .3d, at 13
o clock, the President transmitted to both
houses the following
MESSAGE.
■JPcltovt Cilirerti (if tfit Senate
and Ihueo of lUjn csentativei;
{ .Ian* euunes unite to make your
aent meeting peculiarly interesting
i« imr c-Mihtnueiits. The operation
i.l 1 ii- l.uvs, on (lie vnrit.nH subjects
(u wlitoli they apply, with the amend
ments which they occasionally require
imposes, annually, an important duly
on the Hrpresciitalives of a free pen
pie. Our system has happily ad
vanced In such maturity, that lam
not aware that your cares, in that res
pect, will be augmented. Oilier
causes exist which are highly inter
eating to the whole civilised world
and to no portion of it more so, in cer
tain views,than t6 the United States.
Of those causes, and of their bf-aiing
011 the interests of our Union, 1 shall
communicate the sentiments which 1
have formed, with that Ireedom which
a sense of duty dictates. It is pro
per, however, to invito your attention
in the first instance, to those con
cerns respecting which legislative pro
vision is thought to be particularly
uigeut.
On the 24th of June last a conven
tion ul navigation ami commerce was
concluded, in this city, petween the
United States and France, by minis-,
ters duly authorised for the puipo-c.
The sanction of the Executive having
been given to this convention utidtn
a conviction that, taking all its stipu
lations into view, it rested essentially
on a basis of reciprocal and equal
advantage, l deemed it my duty, in
compliance with the authority vested
ir. the Executive, hy the second see
tiou of the act of the last session, of
the 6th uf May, concerning navigation
to suspend, by proclamation, unlit the
end ot the next sessiuu ol Congress,
the operation of the act, entitled
•• An act to impose a new tonnage du
ty on French ships and vessels, and
for other purposes,” and to suspend
likewise, all other duties on French
Vessels or the goods imported in them,
which exceeded the duties on Amc-
can vessels, and on similar good- im
ported in them. 1 shall submit this
convention forthwith to.the Senate
lor its advice and consent as tu the
ratification-
Sinca your Tast session, the prnhib
ition which had been imposed on the
cainmcrce between the United Su-tr-s
and the ttiihsh colonies, in tha West
Indies and on this continent, has like
wise been remuved. Satisfactory ev
idence having been adduced, that tin-
ports ol those colonies hud been opened
to the vessels ot the United States by
an- act of the British Parliament, bear.
Initiate on the 24th ol June test, tm
t'fe conditions specified therein, 1 dee
med it proper, i i compliance with the
provision ol the first section of the
act of the last session above recited
to declare, by proclamation, bearing
date on the 24ih of August last, that
the ports of the Uoi’ed States should
thenceforward, and until the end ul
the next session of Congress, be open
to the vessels of tireat Britain em
ployed in that trad - , under the lim.
ilaliuti specified in that proclamation
A doubt was entertained whether
the net of Congress applied to the
British Colonies ou this continent, ns
well as to those in the West Indie
but, as the act of Parliament opened
fh^ntercuurse equally with both, and
it 'As the manifest intention of Con
gresn, as well us the obvious policy ol
the United States, that the provisions
of the act of Parliament should be met
in equal extent, ou -the part ol the U
nited States, and as alsu the act ol
Congress was supposed to vest in the
President some discretion, in the ex
ecution of it, l thought it advisable to
give it a corresponding construction.
Should the constitutional sanction
nf the Senale be given to the ratifies-
tion of the convention with Ft: nee,
legislative provision will be necessary
to carry it lully into effect, as it like
wise will be to continue in loroe, on
Such conditions as may be deemed
just and proper, the intercourse winch
has been opened between the Uniieil
States and the B-itish colonies. Even-
light in the possession ol the Execu
tive, will, in due lime, be communica
ted oil boin *uhj-c s.
Re-ling essentially no a basis o!
rrcipiorul ami equal iid'-uni -g-\pi lias
been the object nl the Executive, in
tiansartimis with other powers, to
lo-i-l toe propa.i-loiia of each 'villi a
III), ul spirit, believing that mart by
tne iulr .-I id our couuliy would be
ind ifi'aC.o.lljr pruuiuithi. This
course has been systematically pur
sued in the late occurences with
France and Great B(Stain, and in
-ti'ct accuid with the views of the
legislature. A confident hope is en
tertained, that, by the arrangement
thus commenced with each, all dit
tcronce* respecting navigation ami
commerce with the dominions in ques
tiun, will be adjusted, and a solid
Inundation bo laid lor an adive and
permanent intercourse, which will
prove equally advantageous tu both
parties.
The decision nf lljs Imperial Ma
jesty the Emperor nf Russia, on the
question submitted to him by the. U-
Mates ami Great Britain, concerning
the onnatraethm nf the first Article
of the Treaty of Ghent, has been re
ceived. A Convetviun has since
■been concluded, between the parties,
under the mediation of His Imperial
Majesty, to proscribe the mode by
which that Article shall be carried in
to i licet, in conformity with that de
cision. 1 shall submit this Conven
tion to the Senate for itjj advice anil
consent, as tu the ralifi-'aiioir, Mil, if
obtained, shall immediately bring the
subject before Congress, lur such pro
visions as may require the interpo
sition of the Legislature. •
lu compliance with an Act of the
lastiSes-ioii, n Territorial Govern
ment has been established in Florida,
on the principles uf our system. By
litis act, the inhabitants are secured
in the full rnj lyincnt of their rights
anil liberties;, and to admission Into
the Union, with equal participation in
'lie Government with the original
Slates, on the coirdiiion Iveretofme
prescribed to other Territories. By
a clause in the ninth Article of the
Troaty with Spain, by which t.hai
l'erritory, was ceded In the Unhid
States, it is stipulated that satisfac
tion shall be made for the injuries, il
any, which, by process of law, shall he
establish! d tu have been stiff red, bj
the Spanish officers, and individual
Spanish inhabitants, by the late op
eratinns of our troops, in Florida. N >
provision having yet been made, to
carry that stipulation into effect, it is
submitted to the consideration nl
Congress, whether it will not be pro
per to vest the competent power, in
the District Guipt hi Pensacola, or in
snmejrihnnal,Uibc specially organiz
cd for Ihe purpose.
The fiscal operation's of the year
have been moie successful than had
been antic paled at tho commence
ment nf ihe last session of congress.
Tne receipts into the treasury du
ring the three first quarters of tin-
year have exceeded the sum of four
teen-millions seven bundl ed and foe
iy five thousand dollars. The pry _
uietils mule at the treasury, during
theswie period have exceeded twelv,
millions two hundred and seventy-
nine thousand dollars } lesvujg in Ihe
treasury «n the 30th day oTseptein
(ember last, (including one million one
hundred and sixty eight thousand live
bundled and ninety two dollits and
twenty lour cents, which were in the
treasury!) n the first d .y uf J inuarj
Iasi) a sum exceeding four niilliiiis
une hundred and twenty eight thuu
sand dollars.
Besides discharging all demands
fur the current service of the year, in
eluding the interest and reimburse
ment of the public debt, the six pei
cent slock uf 1796, amounting to
eighty thousand dollars, has been
redeemed It is estimated that af
ter defraying the current expenses ol
the present quarter, and redeeming
the two millions of six percent stock
of 1820, there will remain in the
treasury, on the fiist day nf January
next, nearly three millionsoT dollars
It is estimated that the gross amount
of duties which have been secured
from the first ol J .nuary to the 30lh
of September last, hm exceeded nine
teha millions fi.e hum!.id thousmd
dnlteis, and (he amount for the whole
year will probabl-v not fill short of
twenty three millions ol dollars.
Of die actual force in service un
der the present military establish
ment, the posts st which it is station
ed, and the condition of each post, a
report from the Secretary of war,
winch is now communicated, will give
a distinct idea. By like reports, toe
slate of the academy at West Point
will bo seen, as well as the progress
which has been made in the jnrtifica
lions along the coast and at the na
tional armories and arsenals.
The position on the lied River, and that
at the Suult nf St. Maine, are the only new
posts that have been taken. These posts,
with Home already occupied in the ante
rior, are thought to i-e well adapted lo the
protection of our frontiers. Ail tile force
not placed in the garrisons along the coast,
and in tlie ordnance depots, and indispen
sably necessary there, is placed on tit.
frontiers.
I he organization of the several corps
composing the army, is such as tu admit ns
expansion to a great extent, in case of e.
inrtgrnry, the nlficera carrying witli then,
atl tec I ght which i hey possess to the IK w
corps, to which they inigtu be appointed.
Woii the organisation (lithe staff, there
iictpialcause lobe satisfied. Jtv the cote
crnuaii-oi of eve, y branch, with its chi- i
inthis city, in the presence ot the Depart-
ment, ad with a grade in the chief military
■ I .lion,-o seep ah-e ami cl), util a mi ear)
•pint, the greater i pi amplitude m the el
ocution of orders, with the greatest econo
my and ufilcienci, are secured. The same
view ia taken of tliu Military Academy
tv >od order is preserved in it and the youth
are wto instructed in every science
cnnected with the great objects of
the Inslitutinn. They are also will trai
ned and disciplined in the practical parts
of ihe ,'roti-s.sioo. li tiaa aiwsyxheen found
difficult to control the ardor inscrutable
IVom - lint early age. in such a manner asm
give it a proper direction- The rig'-'.s of
manhood are too ofien 'daimed prenmtur-
ly, in presisng which too far. the respoc-
which is due lo age, and the obedience
necessary to a course of study and insiruc
tion, in every snr.h institution, are some-
limes lost sight of. I lie great object to h,
accomplished is the restraint of that ardor,
by such ivtse regulations sod government,
(is, by di-ectiag ill the-energies of Hie
youihfut mind, to the attainment of useful
ko in-ledge, will keep it within a just sob-
ordination, and at the same time elvvati
it to tne highest purposes, This ohji-ct
scents to be essentially obtained in. this
institution and with groat advantage to
the Union.
The Military Academy forms the basis in
regard to science, on which Hie Military
nsla.dishment rests. Itfurmshcs annually,
slier due examination, and on the report
if die Academic SialT, many well informed
youths, to fdi Hie vacancies which ocr.ui
in ttie several corps of the army, while o-
tilers, wIm retire to private file, eairy witli
th -m snr.h attainments, as, under the riglu
rbscrvi d to the several states to appoint
the officers and to train the Militia, will
enable them, by affording a wider field for
selection, to promote the great oi-j--cl of
Hie power vested in Congress, of nrovld-
eg for the organizing, arming, and disci
filming Hie Militia, Thus, by the mutual
and luirmouious co.nper.itiuu of the two
governments in the execution of a power
divided between them, an object .always to
he cherishe-q lire attsoimeiu of a gri at t* •
suit, o i winch put liberties may dope:- 1,
cannot lari to he secured. 4 have to add,
that, in proportion as our regular force, is
small, should the instruction anddisci|4.ne
oflhe Militia, the great resnuice on winch
we rely, be pushed to the utmost extent
llul circumstances will admit.
A Itepi-i-i from toe Secretary of Hie Na
vy will communicate the* progress r ! .a
Insbeeh made in the con-,unction of ves
sels of war, with, other interesting details,
resoectiogthe actual state ot tile affairs of
Uu*t Department, ft tins been found ne
cessary fur tho protection of our commerce
lo maintain me usual squadrons outlie Me
ditcrraiienn, tile Pacific, and along die \i-
laniic Unas', extending the cruizes ol the
t ier into Uie West-indies, where phacy,
rgun aed imo a system, lets preyed on He
commerce of every country trading tin-
titer. A cro ze has also been maintained
outlie Coast of Africa, when the scas-m
would peimit, for the soppiessioa of life
Slave l"rsd« i and orfleis have been given
to Hie commanders of alt our public ships,
to seitti our own vessels, shout 1 they liml
soy engaged in that trade, and tu h:uig
them in for adjudicat.nn.
In tlie West Indies piracy is trf re
cent dale, which may exp'jin the
cause 'vliy other Powers have not com.
hiiit-d against it. By the document-
i-oinmunicated it will he seen that ihe
II I ts. of the United Mates to Blip
press it, have had a very salutary et-
feet. 'Ihe benevolent provision ol
the act, under Which the protec lion
has been extended alike to the com
merce of other nations, cannot fail tu
lie duly appreciated liy litem.
In compliance with the Act of the
last Session, entitled “An act to a
bolish til-:' Coiled Slates’ Tiading
Kdalilisliments,” agents were imme
dintely appointed and instructed, tin
der tlie direcmm uf the Secretary ol
ihe Tieasur-, tu clnae the business nl
the trading houses among the Indian
Iriliea, and to settle the accounts ol
the Factors and Sub factors engaged
m that trade, and In execute, In all
other respects, the injunctions of that
act, io die mode prescribed therein.
A final report of their piuceedings
shall he Communicated to Congress
as soon as it is received.
It is with great regret I have to
state that a serious malady has depri.
ved us of many valuable citizens at
Puusacula, and cheeked Ihe progress
of some of (hose arrangements which
are important to the territory. This
effect has been sensibly felt in respect
io (he Indians who inhabit that terri
tory, consisting of the remnants of oe
veral tribes who occupy the micldl-
ground between St. Augustine ami
Pensacola, with extensive < hints but,
undefined boundaries. All hough peace
is preserved with those Indians, yet
(heir position and claims 'end essen
tially to interrupt the intercourse he
tween the eastern and western parts
of the territory, on which our inhabit
anta are principally settled. It i-
essenlial to the growth and prosperity
of tlie teiilnry, as well as to the in.
'ercourse of the Union, (hat these
Indians should be removed, by special
compact with them, to some other po
sition, or concentrated within narrow
er limi'i where they are. With the
limited means in the power of the
Executive, instructions were given to
Hie Governor lu arcotnplisli this ob
ject, so far as ii might be practicable
which w..B prevented hy the distress
ing'malady referred t . To carry ii
lully into effect in cither inode, xddi-
lioiiai luml. will be necessurv, to thi
provision nf which the nutlets ill Con
gress alone are competent. With a
.lew lu kiacli provision at may h> dee
med pmper, Hi t su'ijnct is submitted
to your consideration, and in ihe in.
tenin, further puiceedinga are sus
pended. i
It appearing that an much of the
art, eoinlrd “An act rcgul.'ing Hie
stall' of ilni sriny,” which pas-t-U on
the l-uli April, Iclb, at icUUi lo tl-e
cnmoiiasaiiaf, will expire in April
next, and tlie practical opera I ion of
that, d parimetil having evinced its
great tidily, the prnpuety ol its re.
newal it submitted to your coii-tdi-ia-
(inn.
Tlie view which has been taken of
the probable productiveness of the
lead mines, cooneiUid with the in
portance ol the* material to the public
defence, makes it expedient that they
should be managed with peculiar care.
It is therefore suggested whether tt
will not comport with the public in
terest to [i-nvide by law for the up.
pointment of'an agent skilled in min.
trilogy, to superintend then-, undet
the direction of the proper Depart*
ment,
II is.understood that the Cumberland
road, which iva-s dblis’.l afitl'd at » gi-eltt ex
pense, lias already soflt ied from tlie want
of tn.it tegular aupei-iiitemti-nee, and of
those repairs which urt- iotli pcusildc to
the preservation of such a work. This
road is af incalculable advantage io facili
tating!the ihtcrcoorse between tlie west
ern and Atlantic states. Through it (lie
whole country from the northern extremi
ty of talks Kr,e to the Mississippi, uod
from all tlie waters which emptj into each,
finds an easy unit direct comniimicutioit
to the seat of government, ami thence-to
the Atlantic. The facility which itallbrdl
to alt military and commercial operations,
and also to those of tne post cilice depart
ment, cannot be rslimaieil too highly,—
fit is great work (is likewise an ornament
; ml an honor til the natiui). Believing
that a competent jpnw er to adopt and exe
cute a system of i iternal improvement lias
not been gi-antei to congress, but Hint
such a power, confined to great national
purposes, and with proper limitations,
sotiled i leaving on that day a balance I donee, m J resume (heir equal autioo
unsettled ot ion* millions eight- bun. j uniting the nations ol the earth. °
ill oil ami ninety three thou.anti four
bundled uud seventy nine tl-dlaea and
eighty five cents. That there have
bean d I awn imm the Trea-utv, in
paying Ihe public ileld, and sustaining
the Government in till its operations
and disbursements, aioce tho 4th of
Mau-k, I Sir, one hundred and 'fifty
seven millions one hundred ami ninei v
nine Hinusand thiee hundred and.
eighty dollars and- ninety six oenls,
Ihe accounts for which have been set.
tied to thqamuoid ol one liumJi t-d anil
thirty seven millions five hundred
"111 one llmusntid' lout Lundrfil and
would be pi-odtit live of eminent •advan
tage tooor Union I have thought it udris*
able that an auieiitimeiit of the constitution
tu that effect should be recommended to
the several status. A bill winch assumed
the right to udiiit and execute suelia ays-
tern-having beef presented for my signa
ture at the lastlsess.on, l was compelled
from the view klnen I had taken of tin-
powers of tlie general government, to ne
gative it, on winch occas.oii I thought it
proper to oominonlcotc the semroents
which I hud formed, on mature considera
tion, on tlie whole subject. To liial com
munication, in all tile views in winch the
great Interest lo which it relates may be
pposed lo merit your attention. 1 hav#
new to refer. Shtudd congress, however,
deem it improper, to recommend such an
aniendini-nt, they have, oaeording to my
judgment, the right tu keep tlie. road in
repair, bjxproviding for the Nopct-intcnd-
ance of it, and appropriating (lie money
necessary the repairs, surely if they hail
tne •gut Vo appropriate mutiny. to make
the read, they have a right to apprupt-i-
ate it lo preserve tiie road from ruin.
l-'ro:n tlie exercise of this poweiy no dan
ger is lo be apprehended. Under our
_ iy system the people arc the sole .and
cxcltilivesfomiiuin et power. Knelt go
vernment originates from* them, slid to
them alone, each , to its proper constitu
ents, are. they respectively ami solely re-
sponsibih for tlie faithful discharge eftheir
dutms, within their constitutional limits ;
and that the people will confine their pub
lic agents of every station to the strict
linco. their constitutional duties, there is
no cause tu doubt. Haling, iron ever, com
municated my sentiments to congress at
die lust session fully, m Hie document to
which t have referred, respecting the
rigid of oppropriatinn, us distinct from tlie
from tile right of jurisdiction and sove-,
reigpty over the territory in question, l
deem it improper to eularge on the sub
ject here.
From Hie best ipformadon that I
have been able to ublain, it appeals
that uor Manufactures though tit-pies
»ed immediately after the Fence have
cuusitlei-iibly increased, and are still
increasing, under Ihe rncouragi-imnit
given them hy the Tauff of 1316, and
by subsequent la-i’->. Satisfied, 1 am
whatever may be *>• ;,t,straei ductrin"
in lavour ol u » stricter! commerce,
provided all naiiuns would cuot ur in
ii, and it was not liable tu be tuier
lupiul by war, which lias never oc
curred, and cannot be expected, that
there are other strut g teasons nppli
cable to nut situa'ion, and relations
w'uh othi-rcnunlrii-s, which impose oil
us Hie obligation tu cheiish and
sustain our manblactuiea. Satis-
ft -il,however, I likewise am, that the
interest of every pail ol out Union,
even ol those most bemfi -..-dby ms
ouf lctmes, icq ores Hut tills subject
should be tourned with Ihe greatest
c utioii, and a critical knowledge ul
the tfti-c^ lu be produced Oj tin.
slightest change. On lull considera
tion of the subj.-cl, in all its relations,
1 am persuaded, Hint a lurllier aug
mentation uiay he made of tlie duties
on certain foreign articles, in favor of
ourutvii, and without uH'eciiug injuii-
ously, any othei iliierest For more
precise details, I refer you to the com
munications which were made to
Congress during the lust Session.
So great was the amouolol accounts
for monies ailvauced tinting the late
war, jn addition to ptlteis id a pre
vious date, which, in H,e legulur upe
ratin'.snl the gov*' innunt, necessarily
remained uiisettlid, that it required
a conshleiaUle length of litnc lur their
adjustment. By .a repot t from the
Fu st Comptroller of the Tteasury, i-
appears that, on the 4 It of March,
1317, Hie accounts then unsettled
filly one dollars avid twelve taints
leaving a balance (inso. fl.-xl of dine
teen millions six hundred and ninety
seven Hinusand nine hundred and
twenty nine dntlara amt eighty lour
cents. For precise details levpeclmg
eacli ul these balances, 1 refer "tu Hr
report of Hie Comptroller, and llie
documents Whichjtccnnidniiy it. ( 1
F om this view it appl-ara that bur
commercial differences with France
and Gicul lliitaiii, have' been placed
in a train ol amicable arfiangeim-nt,
on conditions lair and Itunoruble, in
both instances, tu each put vyt that our
finances are in a very productive state:
our luvcriijc being at present lully
competent to all tlie demands upon
ii ythat nur military force is wr-il or
ganised in all its branches, ami capa
ble uf rendering the most important
service, in ease of emergency, that it-
i umtier will admit ofq that due pro
gress lias been -made, under existing
appiop iatioiK, in the cnAstiaction ol
loetificulions, and in Hie opeialtons of
tire ordinance department; that due
progress lots, in liku iminner, been
made tu the cunstiuctiuii ul ships ol
war; 'hat our navy u in the best
condition, felt and respected, in ive
ry sea in wlucli.il ts employ.! lur tho
protection of our commerce ; that our
manuluettires have augmented in a-
iiiount, uml improved in quality ; that
grout pi ogress has been made in the
settlemeht ol accounts, and in tlte re-
cove.ry of Ihe balances due hy indivi -
da-la-; and that tlie utmost ecuoumy
ia secured and observed, in' every de
partment uf tlie uduiiulgtrutiim.
Giber yhjeels will likewise claim
your altention ; because, from thesia
Hun which the United Stales hold, as
a member uf the groat community «f
u nions, (hey have rights lu inuiqtulu,
duties lo {h-i form, and danger* ip on*
counter.
A strong hope was entertained that
peace would, ere this, have been con.
eluded, between, Spain and tha In
dependent Governments south of (lie
United Ssales in tins hemisphere.—
Long experience having evinced the
competency of those governtncnU, to
maintain tlie independence which
they had declared, it was prestlmtd.
mat the considerations which induced
their recognition by (he United Stales,
would have had equal weight wiili
other Powers, and that Spain hqrsell,
yielding lo those magnanimous feel
i.-gs of which her history furnishes an
many cxtinplcs, would nave tormina
led,mi that basis, a controversy so
uuuVailiiig, and a> the same, to ties
(motive. We siill cherish the hope,
that this result will nut long be post
piined.
Sustaining oor neutral positiim, and
allowing to each party, while the wai
continues, equal rights, it is incum
bent tm the United Slates !«• claim
of each, with equal rigor, the laithlu,
observance uf our rights, according lo
the well known law ol nations. From
each, llierelnre a like cn-npcranoo is
expected in the truppiesaion *i the pi
ratical practice wli'clt has grown out
ul this war, and’ul blockades of ex
tensive coasts on both seas, which,
considering the small force employed
to sustain them, have nut the sliglms'-
I mi ii d rt inn to rest on.
Europe is siill unsettled, and al
though Ihe war long menaced be
tween Ru-sia and Tut key, lus not
broken out, there is no cet tainty that
he differences between those Powers
will he amicably adjusted. It is im
possible Ip look to Hie Oppressions ol
the country, respecting which tlips-
d (Terences aro-e, „ it.bout being (Jeep
Iy affected. Tlie mention of Greece
fills the mind witli Hie tlie most exalt,
ml sentiments, and arouses in our bo
soms (lie best feelings uf which ou
nature is susceptible. Superior skill
ami refill ment in the arts, hemic gal
lantry in action, disinterested pntiio-
tism, enthusiastic teal and devotion
in lavor id public and personal liber
ty, are associated with our reculler,
lions of ancient Greece. Teat such
a country . should have been nver.
wheldmed, -md so long hidden, as it
were, from the world, under a gloomy
despotism, has been u cause nf unceas
ing ami deep regret to generous minds
for ag‘-s past. It was natural, there-
fne, that the re-'.p learanoc nf those
, A tffVt h„* been made ia
' Hud l*oi toy nl to i ai prove ' Ihe
rtM:diiioo of ihe % ople, end it nftiit
h«* vory consoling all benevolent
wi 1 :'!-!, lo see the exfHordioury mo,
deration with which it iiae been enn-
duitiil. That it may promote tho
nappiticM ol both nations, i* (he nr,
pent wndt ol'this uhole people, to (be
‘ xpre^sion of which we confine our\
; (or, whatever may be (he Itch
"'Z* 0| ' h^niimniKe, which every in.
/'•n lual under uur government ban %
n 4’’» indulge and express, it U ne-
1 veithclraa nsacred maxim, equally
wi;h tlie gov urn ment and people, that
•he destiny of every ind. peiioent t)»,
don, in nbat relates to *uch impreyvr*
«>t rijht belongs, and ought to
be left, exclusively to tlienmlves.
Wheilier we reason from (ho Iftt©
wars, or from tlicse menacing avnip-
iom* yliii h (tow i^»pear in Kurope, it
is # nanilnsi thafjl a convulsion xliuuld
'nke place, in any of those countries
it will proceed from viaUMfiS whicli
hat* no exigence, and urewUcrlv on.
known in these Slates, in which iher© >
is bul one older, ihat of the people,
to whom the aoveieWnty exclusively
belongs. .Should wV break cut in
any of I hose countriesV Who ran lore.
u*ll the extent to which'if inay he cur.
rieil,or thedeauLtion which it may
hpre.ad ? Exempt ms we lire from
these cause*, our internal tranquility
is secure j and, distant ua we aro
from thefroublcd scene, and faitliful
tojjust principles, in rt*»uid to other
wers, wc miuhtr^Mfwnubly presume*
that we should net be molested bj
them. This, however* ought not to
be calculHled, on, as certain* Uupru
voked iujurii# are of‘(fn inflicted,uml
even Ihe peculiar felicity ot our
situation, inipht, with sumc, be »
cause for excifemftnt and a^grPRsion
Tlie history of rhe (ite^warsin liu^
rope lamislies a complete demonstra^
tiou, that no sy*tcin of conduct, how.
ever correct in principle, can profect
iiculral Powers from injury, from any
party; drita tlidenctdets position, anil
distinguished love of peace, arc tha
s'Irest invitations to war.aiui (IimI thcr©
is no ^ay to avm»f it, other than by
being always prepared* and willing for
just Giuse, to mcH!t it. If there be a ^
people t»n iMirth, wiiose ir.ire enperial
daiy it'ik, lo be ut nil Uiviea prepaiSMi
to defend (he liglils with Nvhich they
are ble9tcd, and to surpass all others*
in sustaining tin; necessary burthens*
and in 6ubmitnug to sacrifices, to
make such pripuroiions, if is undoubt
edly the people nf these states*
When we see that a civil war of tho
most fr>g!iiful chat actor rages from this
Adriatic lo the Rlack Sea ; that strong
symptoms of war appear in other paii**,
proceeding from causes which, should it
break out, may become general and be ot*
long duration ; that the war siill continues
between Hpain and the Independent Go
vernments, her laic Prov'oces, in turn
hemisphere, that it is likewise menaced
by Portugal andjihwzil, in consequence of’
the attempt of the hiUef* to dismember it
self from the former; and that a system of
piracy, of great extent, is maintained in
the neighbouring iieas, which will require
equal vigilance and decision to suppress
it, the reasons for sustaining the attitude
which we now hold, and pushing forward
all our measures of defence with the ut
most vigour appear lo me to a.quirc new
force.
The United States owe to the world ^
£reat example, and by means thereof, to
tlie cause of liberty and humanity, a gen
erous support, They have so far succeed
ed, to the satisfaction of the virtuous and
enlightened of every country. There is
no reason to doubt, that their whole move
ment will be regulated by a sacred reguid
to principle, all our institutions be*ng
founded on th.it basis. The ability to sup
port our own cause, under any trial to
which it may be exposed, is the great
point on which the public solicitude tests.
It has been often charged against free go
vernments, that they have neither the
foresight nor the virtue to provide at the
proper season for grout emergencies j that
their course is improvident and expensive;
that war will always find them unprepar
ed, and whatever may be its calamities*
that its terrible warnings will be disregar
ded and forgotten h* soon as peace re
turns. I have full confidem-c that this
charge, so far as relates to the United
Slates, will he shewn tube utterly desti
tute of truth.
JAMES MONROE.
WashitiQlon, Jfecember 3, 1823.
A bill .iiu passed the House of Repre
sentatives of this state, confirming the ti
des made by the Mayor and Aldermen of
Savsnnah in fee simple, or otherwise, of tha
oily common, and also giving the control
of the Court House and Jail of Chattum
County to the Justices of the Inferior Court
and Sheriff.
We regret to learn that the TT. S. scltr.
Alligator is totally last. Our corfespo..(lent
at Norfolk, slate i that she was Wrecked on
the llHhiNuv. onCarysford Reef, and that
tlte crew hud arrived in the brigantine
Ann-Maria at Norfolk.
•iiiounled lu one humiml «..d lluce I people hi fhvi. o.. R l» : al cdiurac.or, Co,.-
miilimia nixiy «-ij-ut ihousaod , iol„ ,‘''‘"‘(''X '" f'.or .4 their lib.rlir*.
hull Hi oil »i.d ,'truly «ix dull.r. at.d l-n.duc that *rea eicil.iucnl
forty olio cxiil,, ol Ilia 30H, I •' (l *>'' , n» lh J r 1,1 1
ol Set,leu,tier U >e |irt'.ci.l year, I , * vu 1 b ‘ ‘ " .V 5 ’,' } x
ninety throe million, •-ne hundiril *k 11 ! l,u A
•eeriuy five llmUMnd Hitcu hundred '* *nl«Uln«l Ih.l the.
and 90 ti* dulUi»Ik. 5 j tent. Iiatl k*«4 1'">1' I » w, “ f « u, ? r . ftW k,lJc ‘ ,,!U
DIED,
At.his residence, in Ham well histrict,
South Carolina, cn the Otb in*t. Cant. Bar-
l«tt Brown, in the 68th year of his ugf*
He was one of those remaining few who
aided in tlie securing of American Inda.
t u lienee. And ihojc who knew him best,
u4w bsftV low to appwiatc bit worth.