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TIMELY TOPICS.
G align ani siates that tli • fundings
Jor the submarine tunnel between
laml and- France nre being carried on
actively. They are at this moment di
rected to the part of the straits near the
English coast, at a few miles from shore.
Each evening the vessel which carries the
commission returns t> Dover, Calais 01
Boulogne, and work is recommenced tin
next day. The engineers charged with
that important labor, MM. lairousse and
•Lavnllc, are perfectly satistied with the
results obtained ; and so far nothing has
occurred to destroy their prevision rela
tive to the depth.
Dr. Francis Wharton, in an article
in Lippincott's Magazine, discusses the
relations of spiritualism and jurispru
dence. “What attitude,’’ he asks, “is
jurisprudence to assume toward a (verson
who, charged with an invasion of the
laws of the land, sety up a defense that
he was acting under ihe constraint of a
superior vpirit.Yml proper? What attit -do
is jurisprudence to assume toward those
who exercise such (Mover for an illegal
end ’ Dr. Wharton has no doubt that
mediums are responsible for acts done
while professedly entranced, and for the
acta of persons whom they may get un
der their control.
An appeal is sow before the New York
supreme court, involving the question of
the right to assess churches for street im
provements. Three churches of New
t.c.k city unite in endeavoring to escape
the payment of certain assessments tin
paying streets. It was decided at >]iecial
term of the court that, under an act
thirty-five years old, which has !H‘en once j
rejiealed—the repealing act being after- I
repealed—-the churches wen? {
exempt from assessment, ns they were '
tie - from city tax. Idle prominence j
given to tins case may stimulate the gen- i
cral discussion, which has not been in- ,
frequent of lute years, concerning the '
exemption of church pn.p, r:y /mr tax- j
atioa.
TI'UKRY is afraid that liuissin will
take -CoiMlan’.inopfo and kirk the
out nf Europe. Russia is afraid
will take Finland and Poland.
Austria is afraid Germany " ill take Am
irn. Germany is afraid France will
take Alsace-Lorraine, and France is
afraid that Germany will take the
province of Champagne, as Von Moltke’s
soldieis got such a first-class taste of its
sparkling wine during the 1871) campaign.
England is afraid her scattered provinces
will take themselves and leave her only a
nutshell to eraek in her own little isle.
Spain is afraid the United States will
|take Cuba.
I OIAUi.Ks Ekas-cis AIMM-s Id his able
wd’ort as railroad commissioner of Mas
the opinion that the
pursin' .ward r.,ii:
is to bring to bonr upon!
the jiov.vr ol public opinion* :tul
that this hotloocl\V the* appoint-
Wa*nt of a board •'*{' arbitrator*, Hk* the
one that ha* |,ro\vii so H!i-idi*
s:u - duty of this
S:1 ft* s to hour couipbir;* . ;
ti of |
the proju ty of ,
hig thorn. If tJu-v rofjiso, an :i]>j)o.-:J *>i .
Phcir respons provWafi • I
t reported turei
jUF K,,l 'i "''‘fftgfc mav deemjiroper to
. 0,0, \.|a„i'
F' , -li^^^^^^r , liberal - j,iril.
He Win Ap :
setts the raJWavx are owned by <l,e , a,,]
munity, and that jatpulsr opinion there
wool 1 lie prompt to sustain the commis- j
sinners, lint it is hinted that the popu- !
lar opinion of Ma 'achusetts would {have
no effi'ct on railways outside the limits of
that state. ,
O.M-: has been accustomed to hear the
German troops praised so very highly
iliat it is not a little startling In read e.t)
•article in the London Timm, rvidemlv
written by a i'- 1 rap- onl, hand, severely
criticising German tactics, and intiruat
itig pretty dearly thr. vrinfs opinion
that all arms of th.e Fv.glish -.-rvi -in
fant rv, artillery aid cavalry—are much
superior to tUf.so of tile German Empire,
ile says that in the last war tip to Sedan,
she G'. rman tinny invariably acted on
1 ‘ )0 offensive, but that their .tactics
showed neither genius nor origttmlity,
and that they frequently directed their
attacks on points whore, even if suci
ful, the sacrifice *H human life rendered
the victory far too costly. Throughout
tne war they adopted but one mameuvre
‘bey invariably endeavored to turn a
ffatik or both, as at Woerth, or only one
if comparatively weak, as at Gravelotte.
they never attempted Napoleon s favor
ite manceuvre of breaking through the
center. After the war, it was felt that
the whole system of handling infantry
must be completely changed. It is not
very clear what the tactics of the future
will be; ex peri men t s are being made at
each of the autumn manteuvres, but the
authorities do not seem to have made up
tltcir minds on the subject. The tenden
cy to excessive extension, which is the
principal feature of the new tactics, will,
the writer thinks, lead some day to a
crushing disaster.
At the recent meeting of the .Social
Science association in Bristol, Professor
Jevons returned -to the subject of ex
haustion of the coal-fields, and very fully
supported the views that have been re
peatedly urged on that important topic.
He showed that the annual rate of in
crease of consumption, so far from having
heel] overrated in his previous calcula
tions, was not actually in excess of those
calculations; and that the actual increase
of consumption is at the rate of .'!! per
cent per annum, not in arithmetical but
in geometrical progression. The total
produce of 187;} is estimated at 128,(58(1.-
VOLUME U.
1:51 ton*, aCWihling to the report of the
tors of mines. The quantity coh
urned for domestic \HUposes was esti
mated at one ton pier head per annum of
the whole population, or between thirty
and forty million* bl toils. I lie total
exports tdf coal are only from twelve to
fourteen millions of tons per annum,
inns sonic eighty millions ol tons icprc
sent the motive and manufacturing power
of the country. The waste in consump
tion, whether for manufacturing or do
mestic purposes is, firt Jofht, enormous-
It was lamented ny the president in lus
address, and admitted by all the speakois.
The most economical compound engines
only obtain one-eleventh part of the
theoretic value of coal, measured in foot
js in mis. At the same time, when we
consider what is the result ol the com
bustion, in round numbers, of a quarter
of a million tons of coal per Working-da v
throughout the year in the production of
mechanical power, wo can form some
faint idea of the service rendered by the
steam engine to the country.
LATEST NEWS SUMMARY.
K IST.
j One of the centennial buildings in
I course of construction at Philadelphia, was
Mown down last week, involving the wound-
I ing morcor lew of several person*.
Sixty-five thousand dollars hag bceh
f (ret in digging for gold in l’etersb' ieiieli, N.
| 11., and the work has been abandoned.
Anew industry will probably be
founded 1 poa the recent successful experi
ment ill 11 A .ing steel nails al the Troy Hexse
! mor steel works. The small scraps which
j were formerly refuse, are now worked up
! into nails of a superior nualit;. They nre
-aid to lie prefer able to the bestwrought or
I malleable nails for the purposes to which the
j latter are applied, while they are far better
than the ordinary out nails fur other par
j I"'SCR.
The four grcat’mnluimCUirirtg ebrpora
t;,,„:, located" at Manchester, N. lb,, held
meetings on Thursday, the prdtbs•“ ><.e
past year of the A -D ag company have
jwiC.Oild; of the Stark company, $1 lh,-
■204; and of the l.angdon company, *40.-
7 t and of the Manchester iiKth I„r tin
last fourteen months $ J-l\MH..!!>.
HINT.
The following dispatch lias been re
.reived from Walter I’. Jenny, geologist, ex
ploring the Black Kill--
■•[ have discover.-,* gM.I I" #aU ‘pbult!-
ties is the Hear bolio uhmntains, abnut
In eutV miles east of Tittle Missouri buttes,
in the northwestern portion of the black
trills. The field is limited iii area, net.ex
ceeding tin- - - wholly in
Wyoiu, . * from the
geo. lliirnev’s Peak by the lied Water Val
. The gold i- derived from tin- deeiiamo-,
siti< >ll of ledges of feldspar perpV.VfV, eWry
iugoxides of irCif and manganese, no quartz
in
■: ra
t-a tin iinmneiiii streams,
w iilg lie river
NO I T 11.
Albert Fink, late trpevinidldeiit of
the I.mti.svillc and Nashvilh raiiroad, Tuts <-•
cepted the pAsitiAA of umpire ol sontliern
roads, with li.adipiarors at Aba Vita, Georgia.
Duriiv '.be year ending September 1
'.Kit, the total domestic emigration into
Texas for permanent settlement was ■
person , These persons took into the state
property of various kinds amounting in
value to not less than four million dollars.
11l addition to this, there was an emigration
to four foreign countries amounting to about
HOO,OOO. f. .
lintrid*
Five hit mb ed st'rtd sixty Oarlist sol
dier-have crossed the frontier into France
and have been disarmed by the French
authorities.
Two vAA f y American hot-heads r<‘-
Aehtlv fought a duel near Paris. Nothing
worse resulted than the maiming of an arm.
The English steamer Biscay, belong
ing to Newcastle, sir .-lit (led oil Jutlund,
while on a voyage from C'ronstabt to Bremer
IfaVen. !.! • veil persons were drowned.
Tlie Crown Princess of Germany com
mands as colonel a regiment of hussars,
and (luring recent manoeuvres before tile
emjieror she appeared mounted at the head
of iter cavaliers.
Italy will appoint a committee of
Italians resident in America to act at the
centennial exposition at Philadelphia. The
Pope will send two mosaics, representing the
Madonna by Raphael, and Ifumnes by
Goctille.
Dates by tlie Colorado from Hong
Kong to September 8, via Kalinina, 17, says:
Hostile feelings have been manifested by the
Chinese in the north for some months, and it
seems to ho venting itself in tin- robbing of
foreigners when opportunity offers.
The Swedish steamer L. .1. Hager, run
ning between Lubeek and Copenhagen, was
burned in the Baltic. Twenty-four passen
gers and eleven of the crew perished. The
steamer was a small one and was Guilt.in 18.78
at Gittenburgh.
U IMSIM.A M O 1 S.
The epi.'.ootic is prevailing in a mild
form over nearly the entire country.
Cardinal MeCloskey lias ordered in
Koine a splendid marble altar for the Cathe
dral in New York, which will cost -DO,OOO.
The attorney genera! is in daily re
-1 eeipts (if advices from Mississippi. Gov.
j Ames is averse in arming tic citizens of the
j state for their own protection, for the reason
that it would produce great excitement,
j Kverything is reported quiet.
An official statement of the number
J of grain and molasses distilleries in opera-
I tion on the first instant, and their daily ra
[ pacifies, shows the number of distilleries to
!te 1 71, w ith a total daily spirit producing ca-
S parity of 189,8'-:; gallon', an increase over
I S, ptember of G distillerie , ami 18,87-1 gal
| lons daily,
St MMI'.RYH.LH, (iBORGIA, OCTOBKR 2S, 1.575
* I* lt |T*..
“(itxxl-liv, then ! Ami he turnotl away
No other \vo.\l between them sjHikeU ;
You hardly could have guest'd hi d**y
How close a hood w>.\" luoKen.
The faint, alight tremor of the hand
That i l;e*|ed her own in that sad parting,
Onl* her heart eould understand,
\\’ho saw the tear drops starting—
Who felt a sudden surge of doubt.
Come rushing hack uahidtleU o’orjjhov,
As with tin' words her life withoitt
Ills prosenec loomed hefore her.
The other? U*r qtltarf* iuinrti
A ialt'ri. del li'aii, a gracious woman;
A mtict, brief farewell, unstirred
By aught at all uncommon.
She knew ;t solemn die was cast,
''he k iew that two paths now must sev* r :
That one familiar step had passed
Out ol her life forever.
To all the rest it merely meant
A trivial parting light I v rpoUen ;
She read the hitter mute intent,
She knew—a heart wa* '
_ L ViiioN lir.F.Y.
.4 nor 111.I' II Alt \ IST
A farmer sat at his kitchen door,
Smokiftg his noonday pipe,
Andover tin- fields his eyes were cast,
* Where the grain so golden ripe,
Nodded away
Through the summer day,
With shadows and sunshine hard at play.
Down by Hie gate the tanner saw
(And he eh nek led low in glee)
Two, who whispered together there.
“So!” said the farmer. “ 1 see!
If I guess aright,
And their skies are bright,
She re’ll he harvesting soon with main and might.’
Th< weidcs went by, ind the old barn groamnl
' vYith tin* might ■■< ItarVest stun :
I Hut the fatnh t lailgln >l, lo* \v'< 1> hr kited
There remained one harvest more,
Since Cupid had sown,
With grain of his own,
A crop that lore must harvest alone.
Tin' farmer sat at his kitchen door, *
When tln* evening meal was doin',
And he laid a kiss on his daughter’:- Kv.w,
And welcomed his new-found son;
And the harvest time,
With wedding hells' chime,
Sang its days into merry rhyme.
CHARACTER ( 'ONXOISSEI US.
Satunl,.y Jlcview.
The vulgar tendency to simulate a
knowledge about Hungs wlicve the n'qiii
site inrtdiUdils til accurate information
are clearly wanting, lias ever been a
theme for satire. It fo the
re cog gition >!f tb.i* tendency which lias led
the thinking few to despise the opinion of
tlie many as a spurious and counterfeit
kind of recognition. l-Vpm Philo, who
(listinellv evi !tilled mere opinian from the
category of certain knowledge, to the mod
ern idealist, who pays no heed to the
strongest assurances of common sense,
philosophers have made light of prevail
ing convict ions, on tlie ground that they
are formed In haste, tlpd v it It lid dub ap
prcriattil n of the ft unlit in ns id a rational
eeitaiffG. Not only so, but science itself,
which might he supposed to maintain a
more amicable attitude toward prevailing'
belief, has.long since learnt, to iinl'a'c
lihilusopl"' !*. lb- contempt lor vulgar
icieas. and a scientific lecture would now
he deemed wanting in spirit and point if
it failed to illustrate, by some startling
example, the wide opposition bet ween the
habitual InfrfCttiT'Sof common minds and
the verified conclusions of the savant.
\ Nowhere, perhaps, does popular belief
exhibit its hastiness and inadequacy more
gwAamicUouely limn in the reddin'-' of
l<> pioiioiinco an opinion re
specting the characters and motives of
- confidence with which many
a mao and AG'iff an M. ill talk about the ■!-■
sites and habits of a rptiiparaliveh new
acquainlarii e, niust strike il h-Sotiic
mind a- a signal illustration of thceager
liessol'mankind wise. There are
many whose modesty and good sense
would prevent their giving an opinion on
any point of scientific knowledge or
(esthetic appreciation, who, nevertheless,
feel in* hesitation 111 passing judgment
respecting matters of conduct, of which
their knowledge is tcsimal. NUnt
bers of people, Who do Hot in tiu- least
(tshniiled of. ignorance respect
ing ttmsTnnattcrs of discussion, ale ipiitc
sensitive ns tit theif lejoltatio!'. foi knowl-
V'dgo-. w ith fespeet to the intricacies of
human character. When, for example,
there is an addition to the society of a
small town, through tlie arrl’ id o' ft hew
fai|iilv, therv If, I'ue greatest impatience
to have a definite and fixed opinion re
specting tlie idiosyncrasies of the new
comers. There will certainly he more
than due knowing person "tow supposed
quickness of jiffeeption will at once ena
ble them, satisfactorily to themselves, to
define and characterize the man or
woman about whom curiosity is natur
ally aroused. It is curious, too, to no
tiee the readiness of others to accord to
these persons the special faculty for intui
tion which they claim for themselves. It
has often been remarked, that the first
condition of winning the confidence of
others, is to display a fair amount of self
confidellcc, and this truth is fully illus
trated in tlie ease ol the people w hom we
Hi'e now-considering. \Vtteii a lady gives
out among her acquaintance that she is
an expert in matters of character and dis
position, she speedily gains an enviable
reputation for this kind of prescience. If
there is any new character to he deci
phered, about which there hangs a cer
tain mystery, she i the authority to
whom all repair, in order to acquire defi
nite information. If a scandal is just
germinating, and everybody is on tiptoe
respecting its real nature and results, it
is this connoisseur who is resorted to for
a finaLsolution of the problem. In this
wav fF iple are sustained in the pleasing
belief that they possess some easy avenue
to the minds and hearts of their fellows,
thanks to which they are enabled to dis
pense with tlie tardy methods of observa
tion, coinparis m and analysis, and to read
anew character as confidently as an un
folded letter.
Yet it does not cull for any remarka
ble power of reflection to see that this
intuitive kind of knowledge of others
must lie very delusive. For, first of all,
human character is an exceedingly com
plex and variable thing, and can not be
known except after pati'-nt attention.
Tlie facial |*rusal of charge*of which
we now*>prak, always infer
ences,either of which may he a mistaken
one. Tti tjl- first place, Hie self-styled
observer argui tlmtcertiiin things which
have held good of other people will hold
good of the new character, and since it is
exceedingly easy to mistake it quality of
a certain order of minds for a universal
attribute of mankind, there is always a
chance of a wrong induction. In the next
plan-, the observer i- compelled 10-judve
the whole of a character froimAjt*e h.v
data; and la re again there is amfiTcs-onni
or error in reasoning that, because one
Celt or acted so and so toalay, tliiv must
!o Ids I’liahtrlcliwlk* iiuUlp Of fiv:ng <>;•
acting. In other words, human nature is
too variable, both as a wlfde and within
the limits of a single individual, to allow
of the rapid kind of prevision ol which
we are speaking
There is a second obstacle to this in
stantaneous reading of diameter, which
calls for special notice. .Not quiy is
diameter it pneiioiiteiion pi great eom
plexity, hut it is also one in a liighdeglee
inaccessible. Fo *, in the first place, all
the thoughts and purposes of another
have to he inferred from external signs;
and this process, however carefully car
ried on, must always bo liable to error.
The real uniformities of connection be
tween feeding and expression* for exam
ple, can ,qnU he knMv'it ai : poximately
after InViuc and earthtii eomparisoii ol iil
dividual peculiarities. litis reflection
never occurs to the confident connoisseur
of physiognomy, who totally imagines
that every moral peculiarity is distinctly
indicated by someone form ol laeial
structure or movement. In the second
place, it should be remembered that all
of us have a certain power Pi dissimula
tion, and most oi us are Uncustomed to
put some kind ot natch ofi otJr Words;ind
actions. This is especially the case It lien
we have to confront anew observer. \\ e
do not care, in most instances, l<> he
conned too easily by our fellows. Nearly
everybody is accustomed t<> some meas
ure of reticence Indore fit lungers, while
iheo’are h*w who. from a. certain kind
of pride and force of iiidr dioiliu , ere
wont even to mislead casual observers
respecting their real aims and sentiments.
Thus it happens that a person who is
lead.'' at a glance to class'l v ativ new
variety of character, runs the risk oi ac
cepting, as an essential ingredient of the
phenomenon 4 snmeHiitier which U' v.ln l!;,
adventitious. It may be fin id, of course,
that the instances we have selected are
exceptional ones, that the great majority
of people are both too much alike and
too transparent in their words and act ions
to occasion any serious diilieulty l" a
nolci of moil's natures and. ways. That
there is a certain force in this eoivqdora
tion may he rcaflily granted Al the
•aiue lime, this fact does not alter the
truth of our contention, that in every
hasty judgment of character, there is al
way" iM! I'liTiUAit of I'lsk Minch forbids
the jiroecss being deseriberl as an intui
tive one. Ho, too, we may concede that
a certain few possess an indisputable fac
ulty of <juick perception ot the complex
ities of human character. A ot, when we
come to analyse this faculty, vre And
that it resolves itself into :i happy skill
in eoniectlie* whlfli Ud dciib't includes a
certain range of past observat ion s well
as a quickness of imaginative insight into
other persons’ feeling-r but Ai hirli, never
theless. Jllwjl.v* *• M 1. .; * t' ,n< n
would have called an imiirical knack,
wholly destitute of the exjfrt certainty of
scientific inference. I'hoJ who sec in
this conjectural skill a mysterious power
of intuAon, lire da/./h'dhf the instances
of eUnW'i pirdictioil uldcli tin ;• happen
to have witnessed, and tail to take account
of the errors to which this process is cer
tain to lead;
It. won Id ptjihably bean interesting in
,,VIiI id Hue: oil' file ciiHoi.t* imjtulsesof
ftu man 4Bi n-, which serve to sustain a ltd
foster thWmpatience iu the observation
nf nth- < id tin priui-ipill illt!n
cnees at Work, wiil.nyulil} silgge"' lliem
>(.|v,- i-i a "- i I-' ltd e i"j' Hi V"
that the more of pride which
attends all <d knowledge,
real or imaginary, will not account fortlie
peculiar force oi' this tendency. That is
to sa.v, though it is true that the motive
of vanity leads lileii to Imagine t hat they
are conversant with lmtiu- matters id
which they are, in reality,Profoundly ig
norant, it dei;- not ■ --I'iiiti wh\ they
shnoiii lie espeei.'llty li.il>! !•> assume this
apNaartmee uf inteliigeii'''' tvith respeel to
He* follow' . H is el idiot that these
spot lal Vdliuences must hi? looked for in
the peculiarities of the relations which
people hold to one anoth 1 I lie follow
ing suggest inns mav, periiimis, roughly in
dioatiMiie i liaracter of (ff'se influences.
First uf all, il is nmnilesly of practical
importance to everybody u> gain some
thing like a definite opinion respecting
those whom he lots to meet in social inter
cotir.’c. fi, as some philosophers contend,
the first motive of all itajitiry is the need
of a definite basis for aetio;i, we may un
derstand how it i- that most people are
so eager to come to a decision respecting
the dispositions of their hequuintanccH.
Nothing is more annoy
ing, for example, to a
lady, than to have to a person
whose tastes and ideas shrouded in
mystery. By the verl(|.utJifuliiesH of tlie
situation, she is driven lo frame some hy
pothesis as to the pel -on ' real character,
however little ground ’ finny have for
plausible cortjpeturn. IntJb way, people
come to del tide them -elviMhat they have
ascertained a man’s real Mtiraeter, when
they have simply lieen dr*n by the in
convenienees of eonseiotW ignorance to
construct a purely liypotlitie.nl e.onee|j
tioii with regard to the obfti’t. Aimtlier
influence at work in the.-i’eases is a form
of tlie primitive lidishistic impulse to yt
tcf)-i"■! everything oulsidtone s own Con
scious life iu terms of same.. The
aiiiue tendency which ißßints for the
savage project ing his and in
tentn.n into tree or r: ■ .-i:i-i- fm
people transferring theii“wn modes of
thought and sentiment to ( very new mind
which coinn umffr their notice. It is
quite curious to remark the invet
eracy uf this habit, even after ample op
portunity lias been given for discovering
the endless diversities of individual tem
perament. Possibly there is a charm to
mane-persons in tli(Spectacle of a mind
retaking up to mature years the naive
belief that all tiie rest of the world must
feel and act precisely as it does, and tlr.s
fesHiotic consideration may serve still
ftWicr to confirm the habit. People are
encouraged the cultivation of this
mode of regarding by the rellec
liojvjthel it is taken to Tvdical- a singu
of nature*.-. ,1 ’-A: toindiitj
TjnfitnS io deal " ith tha ™
l :r
---V,T-j*-.-...!-?
-W i
agining in the absence of evidence, that
her lover must necessarily share her own
pufc tliOMglihi; flic highly cultivated, man,
too, may fall into it, by taking it for
granted that the young woman whom
he selcctsashis most intimate companion
fyel tin 1 same high aspirations that he
himself feids.
The other influences which appear to
favour tills impatience of belief with re
spect lo the characters of others are spe
cial emotional force ft. The operation of
feeling in sustaining assurance cve‘
when there is the minimum of evidence
has hocu a favorite theme of philosopher
There are two modes of this operation,
according as the feeling predisposes to
belief in any shape or tavora some par
ticular variety of conviction. I loth of
these modes may be illustrated in the
rhu of bid jots of which we are now
i' 'ikhm An example of the first is,
given us in the action m .i !ofc of power :
on our observation of others’ characters. ’
A readiness in unravelling the threads of
human sentiment and purpose has al
ways been looked on as a ground for self
gratillation and for the admiration of
others. A man who thinks himself ca
pable of divining instantaneously an
other's liiitfpoben thoughts lias not only
the pleasing e<‘n cioiehfu- of power
which every supposition of knowledge’
brings ft;tli u hut also a gratifying feel
ing cl equality with ih’ '“c-'ind .person.
That is to say, he thinks himseli ri
level with this other ill respect to the
knowledge of any thoughts or impulses
which mav occur to him. Not only so,
hut the assumption of this dlliiltaeleitt
insight i! •I o' chrira'CtM will pretty cer
tainly inspire awe, it not dir.a!, nfafiv
other minds, so that the man or woman
who can make any pretensions to this
film pelletrsdinti will lie able to indulge
in the most d.elicioUs eiiiollohs of pouvr
aitif* stiperiurity. A stipposiiioti so in
tensely gratifying as flu- must be will
pretty certainly bo seelli’e from fhat
close scrutiny and careful verification
which alone would prove its validity.
The feelings which predispose men to
entertain r> jtrinri a certain kind of not ion
respectiiig the character of others nre
too numerous to Ik dwelt oil here. 11
may Slifliee lo mention a I’cH of Hjcm.
fhere is the desif-e for sympathy, Which
is very strung in most minds, and which
prompts a person to .anticipate that
every new character will i’espuud in a
kind of grateful resonance to Ids indivi
dual sentiments. Then there are the
impulses of love and admiration which
predispose the mind to believe in human
goodness and render it. optimistic in i!'
concept ions of character. On the ot her
hand, there are the less pleasing senti
ments of distrust, hostility, and con
tempt, which sustain the"
that everybody is mean and ignoble till
he has proved himself to he the
‘lliimu anti otiliri i'ccfujg S!W \)
their possessois lo c( i t.ii^^]^^W^B|
respecting any new character long
they have the imrs: ary f*u
such opinions. fo any one who
give himself the trouble of otifl
the many and ecimjilieated
which tend t< produce conviction re
specting matters of character, quite apart
from the force of evidence, it can Hot he
surprising tlmt pehp'ie’* judgmeids on
the ideas and motives of others al’e offefi
so t-fiulc and inexact, and so little de
serving to he caned iUtuHinir' .
The (ienimn.
Writing froil/,.it stiuimer resort, a eor
respmidcnt ol fin iffGfiml Times, say - :
A voting man and young woman ! pan
bounding from one end ol the room
to the other; then the orchestra
struck up a waltz; a party of marvel
ouslv gotten-up young people of both
sAxe's skipped through the door, and pro
(Vrdcd to appropriate the best chairs in
the room, and )' "'as noised about that
the german had begun. When a german
begins, one Ulan Wild is an inglorious out
sider, can (lit nothing Imt possess one’s
soul in patience, for this dance, or fash
ionable romp its I called it in my last., is
an absot'Hailt of unedniiiloit pHwef. It
swallows up ami wipes out ol existence
all minor, because- not < iermanie consid
erations. it is out of the question that
anything sliould he allowed to interfere
with the german. At a private party,
which tlie one I lut'e been describing, ol
con iso, was not, if twenty, out oi oic
hundred invited quests wish to dance tin
german, the miserable eighty who doaot
participate, may go hang or freeze to the
walls in cold halls, if the, woatlierbofr'gid,
for all the twenty dancers cure. Tiayger
inan imperatively demands spanned
chairs, and will have both til
lint there are some pretty
this popular amusement ul'ti'V ah, and
some very amusing ones, Ui the last, I
saw two gentlemen throw h> *' the
honor of daneing with a cerlW lady,and
as she was whirled arotin'l the room by
the victorious south jyl/y threw highest,
the defeated sailor *u-:'/bliged til follow
the revolving couple,/ hopping Oil one
font and fanning tlic/>air vigorously the
while. This migii/bc Called the ‘‘lan-
Toui” figure, and 'be music to which
they danced a fantasia. This was fol
lowed by the spectral illusion, in which
searfsof many-colored tulle were used in
many combinations. This german was
the most fantastic of all the germatts I
have seen, foi the young people adorned
themselves before the fiiiitnsiniigoria be
gun. 'Hie girls put oil jockey caps, and
the gentlemen gilt hands above their
foreheads. They all had a guilty look'.
The, favors used were not so numerous,
am) at hist they became chary of them.
Then it was that theyplaccd the cliairin
the middle of the floor and waltzed each
lady in it. I will attempt a sketch ol the
young man, from whose gigantic inti -
foot inch praiseworthy results proceed,
ile iß<‘ feet three inches in height, and
wei-deWsmtone hundred and one poutm--.
11 is almost invisible supports are made
the least and the most of by his trousers,
that are very tight at the knee and wide
:it the ankle, forming a gaiter over the
instep of the foot. This style may have
been adopted to part tally conceal a loot
whose size is out of proportion to the Up-
I ,|or structure. The long and th(*Khort ol
Lt is that nil the development appearito
ptave gotfe to the fee! You have proba
bly hoard the
I in'ti heels.” • lint the upper structure
i- mire fearful andwonder
,|,o l-,W *1 If'
powder on hi I:"' 1 ’, and tlo
1 ■ ' 1
on
NUMBER 13.
sprouting horns. FiVidentfy much pains
had liecil taken^with the part in the lmir
jat the hack of tin bend. Now, after look
ing on this sweet youth, are you disposed
j lo deny the Oarwiman theory’/
Tin: (sfns ov rm: fi ti ki:.
Niu'wu of lli l!%]ioi'fiiirn(N j 1
U'oolwlHi, Dsiiflunil Cl.nv' I’rojwllJo*
ft.
Tlii'i'o can lie im doubt tlat the crucial
tost of groat (runs for liurhur 'h.lcnse
airainst iron-olails is near at hand. It
will . err mixm bo definitely act tied whether
Iron vessel?) ca|i lie made invulnerable to
fiea\ v y pfAjeetlies, '(’lie Resident of the
Iron Dd!,?' rrtnnlhg down tho
demonstrated in a Very (liaetieal way the
utility of the rain a> a \vea|t'tfl of offenae,
but it sadly sliook tbe theories advaia eil
in regard to Hi," -trenwth of resistauee to
an iron-clad’s sides wlieil the question of
defense was involved.
i !i())’:?jM’rinients at Woolwich suilieod
to show that Enehiiid is in jiossession ot
the most powerful (lieee oi artillery ill
tlie world. The great eiyhty-om- ton
"im, which for more than fifteen months
has been constructing at the Woolwich
arsenal, was tested in the (.iT- nee of a
large number of (jbvarnineiil oflieinls.
The trials liavu been looked forward to
s-iili iinnsiml interest by many students
of the aft of gw, ns it was thought that
this gun woufli mdieitle th" style^oi the
artillery whJll pitist lie used tit the
future.' ft i%;t he fairly stated that tho
achievements of flu hew piece of Ord
nance exceeded (anything that find been
anticipated.
Tho fund nhot of tIMKv was fired mth
| 210 pound of powder stiiTl*?teprpjr<‘tile
Weight l;2r*S pound*. The recoil was
this time iirodgo? up i > ‘IN feet 2 inches,
tin' vertical and bori/toMa* play ol the
springs being the same as in the previous
rounu, viz.: three fourths of an inch af/d
I S-IO Inch respectively. The
velocity, too, wrr~ the ns in the last
iotH'd. I r.Au feet. \he pPessure in the
gas chamber y-'u J7.S ton* per square
inch; that on the iia.se hf the -hot had
not been taken at the time the 'E. ftors
left the proof ranges. The shot pene
trated the sand to a distance of 47 feet
at a <)epth of five feet from the surface.
ILirtiiiig pt'hlilcs of powder were again
projected forward With Um hot.
This concluded the first part of the test
of the N’Moii g in ~n weapon whose ((in
struction has met with criticism,
and whose manufacture has requhed the
best and latest appliances. Alter ca(!i
discharge the gun was critically exam
ined, and on no occasion was the slightest
alteration ih any of the joints obw’rvahlo.
'Uhe velocities* exhibited by tin* gun
amazed evcryWody. The “ im
parted to the shot at the fifth round rose
to tlw- eiiormoils pitch of 20,400 foot tons,
or about the (•slhinOod force with vJiicli
U, : . p ro \v of tin:, f lull DtiJtq fUlCOimtcicd
Ftlie v/ingriyrd. This gun t tfitc/nleq-ior
Jj^^nflexible, which is t< cairy four of
liic "i-’-inl of which k- now
!" " I;; ' " < n m:!t' : r
mmg I'nglanfl a It it Mon gun
tiring a one lop uhot,-which mile
range can tent* thy strongest
to pieces.- London fj’it C/'.
m
riigliln-n Ifiimlrml YcnriiAfter Dentil.
A porrcsjioiulent Of Appleton's Joui’-
n."l z?rifciny of qxenvatiuiis lit t’fiiiijii’ii
says: Amuiig :••*> most iritercsting of
tlie objects found reeenti.v two skele
tons, our of a somewhat elderly .'nan.
i the, pthei'of a worn .n. 'J licy were found
in tin YV *4*nWa among the ashes ol the
’ast eniiition, overtaken in
their Higlit and lniried among Mif ‘fin
ders. According to the usual method
employed to preserve the external ap
pearance of objects, liquid plaster was
pound into the cavity, which, serving as
a mold, a tile simile of the forms was ob
tained; and thus perfectly preserved the
statucdifce bodies were placed in glass
eases in the Pompii museum. Wh le
appreciating all the horror of such a
death, and the suffering endured, as
shown by the position of llu?Umhs, one
cannot hut wonl(|Uiave
l„ n the astonishj|ent of that mail and
woman had somejirhpfiet ihformerf them
ilntt eighteen -hundred years after their
death their fbi'jjßg and even as much of
their garhientjn were not eonsuinefPln
the eruption, Witlld lie placed ill a muse
-11111 for inspect bill by a multitude of sight
seers, some from ignds the existence of
which they had nSver dreamed of The
(ssiuunuMi isjjfirig on lier face, and
.^HRSpadP bair, (.u t uplsfiiind.
i- Qm arm shields her forchcard,
iUid, |ie mtepported by the oilier. Her
stoiiyiiinwpre well formed, and traces
of a garment’ am seen passing in folds
around her. The mail, although placed
on ids back in the exhibition, when
found was turned on his side. One arm
rests on his hip; the other is uplifted.
'PJie face is somewhat distorted, hut
massive and smoothly shaven. Even
the form of the fastening of the sandals
around Ids ankle, and ot tho long button
higher up on the leg to hold them, is
clearly seed. The limbs are partly drawn
up. The skeleton of a tolerable large
dog, also recently found, is in the muse
um of Pompeii, Ids whole form preserved
in piaster, in the same manner as those
j ust mentioned, lie is lying on Ids hack,
writhing in suffering, biting his hind
Jeg. d’iic rings in Ids collar are plainly
seen.
E.v 11. v Yesterday
slid noon an old clad, called
into s Yiek-I in ■ • and nslo and
luting l im I had any
ihing local for
■■ ( t give replied tile
proprietor.
“ r l lien lend me s.ittf^^Hr:
“ No, can’t do it.”
“ Won’t give a to
hacco-lxix f’ pleadcßp;ggar.
“ No, can’t do w
“Oran old hat, or some nails, or a
whip-lash?”
“ I can’t give yon anything at all,
was the firm reply. .
The beggar looked around, sighed heav
ily, and laid:
“Well, I’m mighty hard-up, and Im
willing to take most anything. Demme
squat on this salt-barrel for half an hour
and I’ll consider it five dollars m cash.
der” said Mrs. Spilkins, repromfiifiilly,
the’ other evening. " Yes my dear,
replied Hpilkins. “ You will remember
lcven when I first propped, you consid
ered me a pretty good oli'-er.”
FACTS FIIOJI AIX SOCKCES.
DISIMSINTI OP DBA!) ANIMAI/A.
A dead horse or other animal should
bo skinned and roughly cut up into as
many small pieces as possible. A plot til
ground a few rods square should then he
plowed deeply, and the carcass thrown
upon the soil in the center of the plowed
ground. Home freshly dry-slacked lime
should then he scattered upon the heap,
hi as to cover it thinly hut wholly. The
loose earth is then to he heaped over it a
loot in depth, and the pile covered with
iieards, so that dogs cannot get at the
heap mnl tear it up. If the least smell
is perceived, more earth should lie throw'll
upui the heap. In three months the
heap may be dug over or turned oyer
with the" plow, and well mixed. Tho
hones that cannot lie broken up should
he taken (nun the heap, and tho tine
matter will lie worth at least per ton
lo use in the hill for corn or cotton. I lie
larger hones may lie broken up and buried
among the roots of grape vines 01* fruit
trees.
Toi’-imr.ssivi; POP. ms ash.
.i "ovrespoudeiit of the Maine fanner
writes; Mr. Joshua Howard,of this town,
reports a very sueressful experiment ill
top-dressing mowing' lands. He spread
•ihoiil three copls ppp atp> horse and
ox manure composted with muck and
chip dirt, and worked over by hogs. Al
ter spreading from tho raft, a brush was
dragged over il to pulverize it as much
ns possible. This was applied in August,
hist vear. and it Ws feared the severe
drouth during the fall would render the
dressing inoperative, hut the increase in
1 lie crop this year was remarkable, being
double that of last year on the same
ground. <>n one place, where foul grasses
bail begun to appear, the top-dressing
hail the olicet to bring up a thick, stout,
growth of timothy and red-top, so that
the (Mior grasses were not Been. Mr.
Howard is confident that the extra quan
tity of liny harvested this year irom those
pieces of ground, pays him for all the
expense of top-dressing.
DESTROY INO COCK ROACHES.
For the destruction of the cockroach
Mr. Harris, the late eminent I'l/tuntolo
gist, recomends a mixture containing at
fahleapoonful of red lead, the same
| amount of Indian meal with molasses
cliodyh fo (Sake a thick hatter. Set this
on ,1 pi itO Ht night ill places frequented
by the insects and till that eat of .it will
he poisoned. Another preparation U
composed dTTiiw tcaspoonlul ot arsenic,
with a tablespoonful of mashed potato.
Crumble this every night at bed-time
where the insects will find it, and it is
-aid In he an effectual poison. Great
care should he exercised in the use ot
such dangerous agents. An innocent,
method of destroying cockroaches j* to
plage a howl or basin containing a little
molasses on the floor at night. A hit of
'good, resting oil one end on the floor
and the ofilier on the edge of Hie vessCi,
serves as a inidge to conduct the insects
to the sweet deposit. Once iff the trap
its slippery sidds provcfit retreat, amt
thus cockroaches may he caught by the
thousands. Various insect powder? sob*
at the druggists may lie used for then
extermination also.
Decrease of Water in Him:inos. —
the Imperial Academy of Sciences at
Vienna has taken up a question in which
all Europe may he said to he interested,.
Ihe ill erease of the quantity of water in
springs, streams, and rivers. A circular,
accompanied by 1111 able and instructive
report, lias been addressed to scientific
societies ill ol tier. 'mtmfries. in the hope
'i-,t (J.i-v to under-.
lake
time, may furnish data for practical
'file Aeaileniy culls attention to the fact,
that lor soiie years past a diminution <1?
He waters of the Danube and other great
/fri-rs tins been noticed, and especially
since the modern practice ot cutting
down forests wStlmut, regard to conse-
lias prevailed. The Afistriail
IHfri',,' and Architects’ tln/ofi bav
the question in lrnml, and iipr
pointed a “ liyd rotcclinic committee” to
colleet facts and jireiiarc a report. The
11,,, mi,,', and the Uhine, were
co-li two lnemhers, while
other I”. ' were to examine into the me
teorology of the subject, and into the in
liuMiees which glaciers and Alpjne tor
rents may have, on the general result.
The committee regard the question as
urgent; they recommend tho immediate
adaption of remedial measures, and they
are uiiiiffitoous in declaring that the
prime cause of the injurious decrease of
water is the devastation ot forests.
Boiu r Incrtjstat ions.- Aft Austria!
railway the idea of pro
tectinujlhE-’hoilerß of Wyomotives agaifiW
incrustation hv menus uf copper pin lyfc
I and back plate- of thu bottom
oi jhe bailer of an engine v. ere covered
w of copper l-20thofan inch
in, thickness, tlic middle plate of the
lioilcr being left The en
gine was worked for two years on a' part
of the line of the state railways where
the water was of very had quality.
When the tubes were taken out the in
crustation was found to be j of an inch
in tliirkne-s on the surface of the iron,
and only from 1-15 to 1-9 ofaninch thick
on the copper plates, Hie iron was in
many places corroded lo the depth <d
1-20 ofan inch, while the copper was en
tirely unaffected, and the iron plate be
neath it, when uncovered, looked per
fectly new. The particles of incrustation
wore larger on the iron than 011 the cop
per. The cost of the copper covering is
said to he from SSO to $l5O per boiler in
Austria. Another engineer, who exam
ined and reported on the arrangement:,
says that the duration of the boilers is
doubled or tripled by the application ol
the copper [dates, which allord extraor
dinary security against explosion. The
incrustation is much lesson copper than
on iron and steel, which is points and
slightly oxvdized and consequently the
vnporation is more complete, and there is
a corresponding saving of fuel. In the
construction of a lioilcr to lie lined yvith
copper the iron plates may he of less
thickness without risk; the weight of tho
boiler is thus considerably reduced, and,
lastly, the expense for repairs is decidedly
diminished. A London journal com
ments thus iijion the above facts: “'lbis
combination of copper and iron pn iron
ships lias been (bund very injurious on
account of the galvanic action between
the two metals, and we would need more
satisfactory experiments with water or
different qualities, and particularly with
the acid water common in coal mines,
before placing much value on tiiis im
provement.
Oatmhai, ani ( TiroAnet. —Oatmeal
with grated cocoanut produces a very
attractive cake to both old and young.
Take three heaping teaspoonsfulsof grated
coeoauut, or two of the prepared j.essi
eated cosoanut; add to il hall a, pint ot
the finest oatmeal and two lieaping tea
qioonfuls of sugar; stir it into one gill
of boiling water, and mix it thoroughly
together; turn out on the rojling hJard
well floured, and roll it ns thin and cut
out as for common cracknels, put a hit ot
citron and a half dozen currants into
each cake, sticking them into the dough.
Bake in a slow own and watch carelully
lest they brown a shade too deep. lo
make them crispy let them stand a day
in an uncovered dish.
