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HOPEFUL DAYS IN LIBBY
HiLPAT'riICK’3 RAID RAIDED THE
PRISONERS' SPIRITS.
Painful Uncertainty on the Night
goftbe Attack— Cespair Followed Its
Failure— The First Touch of Spring
in P.chmond.
From the Xew York Times,
The success of the tunnel out cf Libby
„ usei ; the confederates to redouble their
Tigilst.ee. They placed guards in the cook-
I r oom after dark, and a guard was bent
I down 111 tbe hospital, and every hour after
I 9 o'clock a sergeant and four guards, all
I f ftr rri3g lanterns, made a tour of all the
I , m s in the prison. The latter precaution
I was not only necessary, but it disturbed the
I prisoners greatly. At night the men lay
I l a in long, close lines along the floor,
I B nd in making their way through them the
I guards frequently stepped on an unfort-
I jinate sleeper. The stamping woke nearly
I every one up, the glaro of the lights sud-
I henly flashing in the face was blinding, and
I jfce whole scheme was as useless as it was
torturing.
I some of the men, whom no suffering
could discourage, imagined they could
retaliate on the men w ith the lanterns by
whistling, in chorus, “The Rogues’ March”
whenever they appeared; but it is unneces
sary to say that it was not effective in
hbating the hourly nuisance. It is said that
men can accustom themselves to the mo3t
trying situations. Certain it is that most
of us soon grew so indifferent to the coming
of the guards at night as to sleep on without
being disturbed.
The first weeks in March, 1864, were the
gloomiest of all the gloomy time spent
within the wails of Libby. The rations
did not improve—indeed, they grew less iu
I quantity and worse in quality—and, if this
were to continue, wp felt that the time was
not far distant when the strongest must
give up the despiriting struggle. About this
time our government again offered to send
through food, olotbing, medicines and doc
tors, for the stories of the men who had
reached our lines by way of the tunnel had
purred the people of the north to a horror
of the suffering of the prisoners; but, true
to the policy persisted in from the first, the
authorities in Richmond refused to receive
luc'n supplies.
The despondency caused by this news was
followed by reaction, aud the prison buzzed
from morning till night with rumors of ex
change, and there were those who knew—
how they learned nobody could find out —
that on the Monday following we should
leave Richmond under flag of truce and
march down below the Rockets to a place
where a fleet of well-provisioned transports
was waiting to carry us north. In the midst
of all the excitement there came to us the
more reliablo news that the yankoe cavalry,
under Gen. Kilpatrick, was advancing in
force on Richmond to release the prisoners
iu Libby prison and on Belle Isle.
Through the few men. who still had a
little confederate money left, we obtained
the Richmond papers, aud from them we
leaped of the raid. The roads were trozen,
so that horses in good condition could bo
moved with rapidity. There were no
veteran organizations in or near to Rich
mond at this time, and the companies of
department clerks aud invalids then iu the
city could offer no serious resistance to a
dashing atlack made on a well-selected
point. As soon as it became certain that
our cavalry were actually advancing the
excitement in Libby rose to fever heat, and
men who had been fretting themselves
about the exchange that never came began
to pray for the advent of the raiders.
I recall distinctly the great change this
news wrought in my companions, and it
must have had the same effect on myself.
The weakest grew suddenly strong and the
despondent cheerful. Men who had not
smiled for months went about rubbing their
hands gleefully and laughing at everything
that was said, and knots of the younger
men could be seeu here and there listening
to the advice of some older officer who
sought to explain just how we prisoners
oould help along the enterprise having our
release in viow.
Coi. Carltou of the One Hundredth Ohio,
whose quarters were near my own in the
Upper Chickamauga room, was a young
man, but his rank, intelligence, and the fact
that he had been educated at West Point
made him an authority in our part of the
prison on military matters. It was nis
opinion that, if our friends succeeded in
getting into Richmond, we could arm the
prisoners, and either hold the city till help
came or else set fire to the public buildings,
and destroy the bridges over the James
after we had passed to the south of the
river.
There were about 1,400 officers in Libby,
ranking from veteran brigadier generals
down to beardless second lieutenants, but
all true and tried soldiers, aid in a mood of
this time to take the most desperate
chances. In the Pemberton building and
other warehouses, including Castle Thunder,
and on Belle Isle, we had about 20,000 men,
to which force we might add with confi
dence 3,000 colored men, who would
join us from in and about the
city. Kilpatrick was reported to have
with him some 5,000 troopers, so
that if he could once force his way in we
should have at least 28,000 men in the con
federate capital. A majority of these men
were weakened by privation, but this point
•was carefully thought over in Libby, and
it was the general opinion that except the
wounded, and those not able to move with
out assistance, all would be found reason
ably efficient when the hour for action
eame.
It was known that much of Lee’s reservo
field artillery was then in Richmond. The
old arsenal was full of muskets and infantry
equipments, and m the same building there
was a great quantity of fixed ammunition
of all kinds. Here, too, were the quarter
master’s stores and the buildings of the
medical purveyors, with their supplies for
the army of Northern Virginia. Here,
too, were the clothing factories,
the Tredegar gun works, and all the me
chauical establishment on which the con
tinuance of the war, in Virginia, at least,
depended. These were grand prizes, and
the possession was of the greatest import
ance to the undertaking that was
so elaborately planned in Libby. But I
must confess, the capture of Jefferson Davis
nnd his cabinet, with the members of the
confederate congress then in Richmond was
hot overlooked in this plan of campaign.
This was not the dreaming of a lot of en
thusiastic boys, but the result of the careful
deliberation of many officers who had al
ready distinguished themselv es in the war.
its feasibility could not be questioned; but
one thing was necessary to certain success,
and that was the jingle of union scabbards
and the blast of yankee bugles in the streets
of Richmond. And the fact that, while the
prisoners were laying out the work to be
done, the union troopers were pushing south
with all speed, and coming nearer every
hour, assured us of success. The very
thought of it made the most sluggish blood
leap through the veins and the dullest eye
glow with the light of hope and heroism.
Col. di Cesnola of the Fourth New York
cavalry, and now at the head of the Metro
politan museum. New York, was elected by
his fellow-prisoners to lead the assault,
when the hour came for our making a rush
on the guard. Other officers were selected
to command the men iu each of the six
rooms of the prison. Gen Scatnmon was to
lead the men in the Lower Chickamauga
and Col. Carlton those in the Upper Chick
aniauga. Each group of men had its own
work assigutd it. One party wus to make a
•lash for tne Pemberton building and Castle
Thunder, and, after releasing the prisoners
in those structures, to organize them aud
1-ad them to the arsenal, after thoir recent
abodes had been given to the flames. An*
other p-rty was to push directly to Belle
Isle, overpower the guard*, free the tj,ooo
men who were known to be there, and lead
them into Richmond, where arms would lie
•waiting them. Toothers was left the firing
of public buildings an l factories, and t > still
others ibe preservation of necessary cloth
ing and supplies.
That this could not be done even with our
cavalry within the fortifications about the
city without serious less of life, was well
understood. There was net an effective
pocke’knife in the prison, and, in anticipa
tion of our making a break, the guards were
doubled and a battery of light artillery was
brought down and posted in the open space
on the other side of Carev street.
The bars of the windows were to be
smashed out, and the d.virs broken open bv
means of the heavy crossbeams on the upper
floors, and then the men on the upper floors
were to use the same beams for sliding
down to the street, while the men btdow
were rushing on the guards through the
doors and from the prison office. Desper
ate work this for unarmed me i; hut, then,
they were willing to take desperate chances
in order to reach the arms upat the arsenal,
nnd it was well understood that after the
guards had poured in their first fire they
would not have time to reload before they
were overpowered by the weight of num
bers.
The extra precautions in the way of
artillery and double guards showed that the
confederates teared an outbreak, and that
they were not prepared to offer a stubborn
roustanca to a strong attack was evident to
us from the character of the organizations
that passed the prison on their way to the
eastern defenses. These organizations were
composed of old men and boys, few of them
had uniforms, and the formations and
marching showed that they did not under
stand the simplest rudiments of drill. Ic
gladdened our hearts to see these men go
by, for now we felt sure that, however
numerous they might be, Kilpatrick's troop
ers would ride over and through them, nor
be checked in their advance by any re
sistance they might offer.
For the first time since my coming to
Libby all the prisoners were in high spirits.
They cheered the Home Guards as they
passed, aud tauuts and slang, aul not a few
oaths were exchanged between the pale
men marching down the street, aud tne
paler men watching them through the iron
bars. Of course, no such ridicule would
have been hurled at Lee’s sploudid veterans
had they gone by even in rags, for they hail
won the right to be respected as gallant
men. There was one little battery iu that
hastily-gathered army of resistance
that called out roars of laughter
as it halted for a few minutes iu front of
the prison. It consisted of four mountain
howitzers, that loosed like toys. Each gun
was drawn by a particularly gauut mule,
and each mule was led by a man whose
heart evidently was not yearning for the
shock of battle. One of these mule leaders
was in charge of a burly Irishmau with a
bristling red head and one eye; tho other
must have been lost in battle, for he was
particularly bitter and pugnacious. One
of the men in tho Upper Potomac room
called down to the Irishman:
“Say, Pat, whore did you get that mule?”
“From the yankees, dom yez!” was the
reply.
“Then you stole him?”
“Sthoie him, dom yez; there’s no need for
slhalin’ what it’s so aisy to take,” was the
retart.
“ Woat’s the beautiful creature’s name?”
“Sure, that brute’s name’s Baste Butler.
Isn’t it, ye divil?” and the one-eyed man
struck the mule’s ears with his whip.
“Say, Pat,” called out one of our Irish
men, “if you can c ax that mule to lie
down there and die, I’ll have you massed
out of purgatory when you die.”
“ Why do you want ould Bin to die?"
“Because,” said Ryan, “it’ll bo the first
thing like mate we’ve seen near this prison
for mouths and months, and it may bo
that they’ll issue him to us with tho morn
ing’s rations.”
“Ha! ha!” shouted tho man with the mule,
and the one eye glared up viciously, “ye’re
fixin’ a fitter i atiou than that, dom yez.”
“What is it?”
“It’s loike this,” be replied, and he coiled
the end of the rope he had in his hand and
held it up, with his head to one side, his
tongue out, and his one eye closed in a way
that was horribly suggestive, thoi gh the
graphic pantomime called out peals of
laughter, not only from the prisoners, but
also from the guards.
The howitzer battery at length moved
down Carey street, and the general impres
sion was that our side did not have the best
of the verbal contest.
For the truth of the following I oannot
vouch of my own knowledge, but as it was
accepted without question by the officers of
my acquaintance there must have been
good reason for the belie*. In some way—
some think there was a spy in the prison
who revealed the matter to Turner—the
authorities got wind of our organization to
co-operate with Kilpatrick; it is quite pos
sible they may have surmised n, but be
that as it may. a number of the leaders
were called down to the office, and then
told that the prison was mined. Turner is
represented as saying:
“If you people come into Richmond to
night, or you attempt to make a break, by
G — we will blow the place and every man
iu it to h—1!”
This startling threat spread through the
prison and produced anything but a com
fortable feeling. Still, there was not the
least sign that it intimidated any one or in
any way weakened the resolution to carry
out the plan that had been decided on. Just
before dark we saw some prisoners in the
uniform of cavalrymen being taken to tho
Pemberton building, and we inferred from
this that Kilpatrick was close at hand and
had a brush with the enemy.
Our anxiety the night of the escape
through the tunnel was very great, partic
ularly to those who were determined to
“make a break for it,” but it was compara
tive calm in contrast with our feelings on
this occasion, for every man had a direct
personal interest and would bo called on to
take part in a life-and-death struggle
against great odds before another day
dawned. It was a particularly dark, raw
night, and 1 fancy that the guards
about the prison did not call
out with their customary cheeriness,
“All’s welll” When 9 o’clock came and
with it the order for “Lights out,” the men
did not stretch themselves on the floor as
had been their habit, but gathered in little
groups in the darkness, and, in whispers,
di-cussed the situation. How could men
think of sleeping above a mine which might
be fired at any moment aud for ever put
an end, so far as we were concerned, to hun
ger and war and the ceaseless yearnings for
freedom and the tight of loved ones?
The guards had just announced “Half
past eleven and all’s well?'’ when boom,
boom, boom, camo the sound of cannon
from the south, and the stoutest heart
stood still, then began to throb violently.
“Our boys have attacked the works!
Pray God they may get tnrough them!”
These and similar expressions of eager hope
and burning anxiety were passed from man
to man. In the intervals, when even the
guards stopped to listen, the spaces of the
silence between the poundings of tho guns
became painfully oppressive.
Tha guards announced 12 o’clock, then
the firing that bad slackened for a time was
renewed with comforting vigor. One sound
seemed to come nearer, but as far as we
could judge of the direction it appeared to
have swung further to the east, leading us
to believe that the first attack, if such it
were, had been a failure.
Twenty minutes or more of hoarse re
verberations, then suddenly the sound
ceased. It meant that tho attack had been
successful or that it had been stubbornly
repulsed. The scene of the conflict was
only a few miles away. If our cavalry had
won, the ring of iron hoofs and tiie cheers
of the victorious troopers in the streets
would soon assure us that the time for action
or of death had come. The men who were
to handle the great beams were iu their
places; the men who were to lead the for
iorn hope and receive the fire of tne guards
were ready to act, aud, with muscles
braced aud lungs inflated, every man
crouched ready for tho the signal on wmch
so much deluded—but it never came.
There was no sleep m Libby that night,
nor did the guard* passing through with
lantern* wonder why the men were not all
lying down. It seemed as if day would
never come. A* the dreary black hours
crept on our spirits sank lower aud lower,
iiiid when daylight came, bringing with it a
prisoner, who told of the failure of Ktl
patnek’* expedition, the reaction that l*e
THE MORNING NEWS: SUNDAY, MAY 10, 1891—TWELVE PAGES.
came despair to so many set in. So terrible
was the disappointment that men did not
pare to speak about it. but paced ti.e floor
in silence and with clouded brows. About
noon a cart drawn by a mule passed the
prison. In it there was a body partly cov
ered with a blanket, and, in reply to a ques
tion, one of toe guards said with a gnu:
“It's the Yankee, liahlgren, that was
killed last n'ght.”
So ended in disaster a raid that promised
much. I have no word of censure for the
leader of the raid, fcr his courage was un
doubted and his patriotism above reproach.
Yet, for the want of united action on the
part of his command, ami it mav boa feel
ing of uncertainty rs to his ability to over
come the difficulties when ho was brought
face to face with them, there was lost the
finest opportunity offered to auy com
mander on either side In ih course of the
whole war. Richmond could have beeu
taken then and by the force under Kil
patrick, and he would have found an army
of gallant men readv to crown his success
by forcing Lee to withdraw from Northern
Virginia, and so avoided Grant's bloody
campaign from the Wilderness to the
James.
Soon after this disappointment our spirits
began to rise, for Con Cesnoli, Qen. Neal
Low and about sixty other officers were
specially exchanged, and we began to
once more that a general exchange would
follow. Those who could not get away
were always glad to see their friends called
out and sent down to Commissioner Quid’s
flag of-truee boat. I have forgotten her
name, but our beat, the New York, carry
ing Gen. Gresham, was the vessel that
always met her. Apart from friendship we
had a selfish interest in seeing others go, for
it meant more blankets, more ragged over
coats, and some of the little essential be
longings which men will gather about them
even in a plaoe like Libby prison.
On April 3—l nover can forget the occa
sion nor the date—we received a ration of
meat. It was served out as “beefand i >er
baps it was. I know it was very lean, and
not much of it; but. excepting in the hospi
tal, it was the first that had been issued for
months, and tho prisoners were as happy
over the event as children at Christmas
time.
The special exchange gave us more room,
which was very desir.-bie, for we had suf
fered all winter from overcrowding, but
the possession of this privilege was only
temporary. About the middle of the month
the Richmond papers came to us with
tremendous headlines and huge exclama
tion points announcing the “grand victory"
Gen. Hoke had achieved over Geo. Weasels
at Plymouth. N. C. We had learned to dis
count the news in the confederate papers,
which, like our own, had a tendency to
minimize defeat and to exaggerate success;
but on this occasion their assertion that they
h and filled the yankoes with “Hoke-Acbe”
proved to be correct.
Gen. Wessels and the officers of his com
mond were brought to Libby, and as “fresh
fish” they were initiated with more than the
usual honors. I had grown so accustomed
to the rags and pinched, white faces of my
companions from our every-day associations
that tho advent of a hundred and more
sturdy, bronzed men. with whole coats on
their backs, good shoes on their feet and
trousers on their legs that did not need
latching impressed me strangely, and I
lo ked at them with much the same feeling
with which a starving pauper must regard
the luxurious surroundings of a millionaire.
Gen Wessels and his men crowded us terri
bly. but, like a poor man with an ever
increasing family, we were always ready to
make room and share our privileges with
the last-comer. These gentlemen brought
us the encouraging news that Geu, Sherman
had a magnificent army at Chattanooga,
with which he would soon march into
Georgia, ami that Gen. Grant was massing
his legions before Lee and would move on
Richmond within a few weeks.
The ice had left the canal an l the James.
The ground in front of the prisou ahowed
green patches w.th a few dandelions in thoir
midst, and these things, with the milder air
and a hum of preparation and the rnaroh
ing of troops in the streets, told us that
spring had oome, and that the resting
armies were about to resume the work of
carnage.
What It Costa
Must be carefully considered by the great
majority of people in buying even necessi
ties of life. Hood’s Sarsaparilla commends
itself with special force to the great middle
classes, because it combines positive econo
omy with great medicinal power. It is the
only medicine of which can truly be said
“ 100 doses one dollar,” and a bottle taken
according to directions will average to last
a month.— Ad.
Boys’ and gents’ summer coats and vests
greatly reduced in price at Kohler’s, 158
Broughton street. — Ad.
Dismonda and Things.
Sternberg’s for presents.
Sternberg’s for silverware.
Indies’ watches at Sternberg’s.
Wedding presents at Sternberg’s.
Sternberg’s for ladies’ fine jewelry.
Fancy goods low at Sternberg’s.
Diamonds and precious stones.
Fine jewelry at Sternberg’s.
The “Tiffany” of Savannah.
Sternbero’s Jewelry Palace.
—Ad.
Now invoice of fine lawn bows just re
ceived at Kohler’s, 158 Broughton street. —
Ad.
Latest Fads
In gent’s furnishings at Appel & Sohaul’s,
clothiers. Black baibriggan underwear,
silk underwear and an elegant line of
hosiery.— Ad.
Young Men,
Old men, middle-aged men, fat men, slim
men can be fitted at Appel & Schaul,
clothiers, 159 Broughton street. — Ad.
Pictures in great variety ana all price*.
M. T. Taylor, 135 York street.— Ad.
Inaugurated
This week, a special neckwear sale, every
shade, every style imaginable at Appel &
Bhaui's, clothiers,ls9 Broughton street.—Ad.
An Elegant,
Assortment of neckwear, embracing crepe*
in all shades, in tecks, four-ln-hands and
pufTs at Appel & Shaul's new store, 159
Broughton street.— Ad.
Catarrh originates n scrofulas' taint. P. P.
P. purifies tne blood, and thus permanently
cures Catarrh.—Ad
M i i.tov, Fr.i.
This is to certify that I hare been afflicted
with scrofula, or blood poison, for a number of
years. The best physicians of Mobile and this
cigy said that Dothing could be done for me. I
also took a large quantity of , but found
no relief in anything that I took. My limbs
were a mass of ulcers, and when I was sent to a
physician in Mobile my entire body woe a mass
of sores. I had given up ail hopes, and as a last
resort 1 tried P. P P. (Prickly Ash. Poke Hoot
and Potassium), and after using four bottles
(small size) the sores have entirely disappeared,
and my general health was never better than at
the present time, and people that know me think
that it was a wonderful cure. Respectfully,
—Ad. Eliza Todd.
Ladles,
We have • full line of children’s kilt suits,
embracing the white P. K.. white flannel
and fancy ginghams. Appel &. Hcbaul,
clothiers, 159 Broughton street.—Ad.
Artist*’ Materials, all kind*, *t M. T. Taj
lo’r IUS York street—Ad.
FIGHTING THE FLESH.
Success as a Nat on Waking Amer
icans as Individuals fo> Fat.
From the Xew York Prers.
There is a certain widely k aown carica
ture which for at least thirty years has been
accepted as typical of the proportions and
personal appearances of John Bull aid
Brother Jonathan respectively. Tha first
figure is of a short, thickset little man with
an enormous pauncu supported by l,is cor
puleut limbs-that is John Fiuil. The se
cond figure, that of a tall follow, loan to
emaciation, with a hatchet shaped faced and
spare, pointed goatee, represents Brother
Jonathan as he is no longer.
With the passing of time John Bull has
not altered his characteristic shape, but
Jonathan has changed his until ho resem
bles the beefy Englishman of tho carica
ture more than the yankee of yore, an.l
Mrs. Jonatnan has "pumped up” even more
than her mate, so that while specimens of
the elongated, skeleton like Brother Jona
than may still be found among us, the true
type of the “end of the century” American
is more like tho rotund and unwieldy John
Bull than the original apothecary like
Jonathan of the picture, which is ns much
out of date now as tho stars and stripes of
which his costume is composed.
Except the letter carrier, no class, no
calling is wholly exempt from this infliction
of too much flesh. From the President
down to the ash man all are more or less
burdened with fat. President Arthur
Buffered from it, so does Mr. Cleveland, and
President Harrison keeps his corporosity
within reasonable bounds by walking three
or four miles daily. This exercise ho never
neglects, no matter what the state of the
weather may be or the condition of the
affairs of the great republic. He says ho
walks at a three mile an hour pace. This
pedestrianism only is supposed to counter
act the etfects of the pie he is reported to
eat at every meat
ALL. MEN OF WEIGHT.
In the United, States Senate the heavy
weights are largely in the majority. Frank
G. Carpenter says that “Phiietus Sawyer
is as broad as l.e is long, ana shakes like a
bowl of jelly whenever he laughs;”
that "Frank Hiscock weighs 225 pounds
and his cheoks fairly bulge out with good
living.
The easy life, the certainty of fneome,
absenoe of care and constant good liviug in
the oapital are provocative of corpule ice,
hence tho tendency of our representatives
to fatten up iu Washington. There are of
course some tnen among them who would
not fatten under any circumstances, but the
majority are scaling high. Senator Allison
weighs fifty pounds more than he did when
he was elected. Senators Mauderson and
Gorman are fast becoming very heavy
weights, and George Vest requires much
more vest than he did two years ngo. 1,0-
laud Stanford lately spent a summer at the
German springs in tha hope of reducing his
ponderosity.
Frank G. Carpenter adds: “I might
give many more instances of increase in the
senatorial body-, but it suffices to say that
the average weight in the United Htates
Senate is at least 175 pounds, and is oven
more than that in the supremo court. There
is not a judge on the bench, with tho excep
tion of Bradley, who is not a heavy weight.”
John M. Johnston's arm is as lurge as an
ordinary mau’s thigh, and he weighs 250
pounds.
Mo completely has thinness ceased to bo
typical of the American that foreigners are
beginning to wonder and comment upon
our national bulk. In no other country,
not even in adipose England, are there sold
so many nostrums for the reduction of
corpulence as In tho United States. This dis
position to “takoon” fat, more especially in
middle age, is attributable to many different
causes, the first of which is the drinking of
beer. Next coinsumption of rich, fat
forming foods, complicated with the
indolence induced by luxurious living, and
lastly, the lack of exercise, all of which are
tho direct results of our having become a
rich nation. Those of us who are obliged to
work hard are not prone to become obese.
A NATION OF FAT WOMEN.
Our girls, thank goodness! are still slen
der and willowy, but that condition, as a
rule, does not outlast their first youth. Like
her English sistor, tho American woman, as
she approaches middle age, loses her deli
cacy of outline, and frequently even before
that dreaded time is reached becomes,
plump, and afterward by easy stages she
grows a little too fleshy, then decidedly
stout aud finally to her horror aud consterua
tion she finds herself fat, absolutely find
frequently abnormally fat! Then there is
a rush for "obesity euros," “anti-fat reme
dies” and “reduction movements,” but, alas!
the mischief is an “accomplished fact,” and
she learns to ter cost that getting fat is like
getting married; easier done than undoue.
To convince yourself ihat we are no
longer a thin people, go into any of our
great dry goods stores or ladies’ restaurants
in the large cities, or stand on the corner of
some fashionable street frequented by
ladies, and you will be obliged to admit
tbat the nurnlier of obese women who pass
it is in excess of the slim ones, and (hose
latter are almost always young. In stores
where scales are kept they are in such con
stant use that the stout shoppers- sleuder
women seldom weigh themselves— stand
around In a crowd waiting their
turn to use the apparatus, which
has to be repaired every few months,
in consequence of being continually
jumped upon by the fair and fat. But not
In the stores, restaurants nor upon the
streets can an accurate idea be formed of
the ponderosity of the average American
woman, because when she takes her slow
and heavy r footed walks abroad the much
abused corset braces her up and hauls her
into the smallest endurable points, and tne
kindly undivided skirt covers a bulkitude
of skin unsuspected by the looker on. In
the Turkish bath when she stauds uncon
cealed, save for a solitary sheet, she who
runs sheeted into the hot room may
read that as a nation we are indeed on the
increase.
In addition to the ridicule to which cor
pulent persons are sub jected, and there are
many minor discomfort* to be borne, the
heavy load of flesh to be carried is one of
these, the snortness of breath and inability
to move quickly are others. Stout women
are very “hard” on all articles of Clothing,
which they can seldom buy ready made.
Women are more prone to fall into flesh
than men, especially after tiiey reach their
fortieth year. No woman can be strictly
beautiful who answer’s Swift’s description
of a ihin woman, a “skinny bonia, snip and
lean;” a certain roundness of outline en
hances the beauty of the female form. The
difficulty is to preserve the juste milieu.
FAT PEOPLE USED TO BE PUNISHED.
In men the oft alluded to “one ounce of
superfluous flesh” is detrimental to p-rfect
symmetry. The ancients not only disliked
but derided corpulence, aud the Franks in
flicted a fine upon their young men who
grew to stout to encircle tneir waist* with
a hand of a specified length. It also ren
dered them ineligible for military lerrice.
Thus, to become larger than the legal
measurement was looked upon as the de
cline of youth and beauty, therefore
every one tried to squeeze their
waists into the regulation band, and to
thi* custom tbe Frencu corset i* said to owe
its origin. The Spartan* punished their
soldier* for becoming corpulent, and re
duced obese children by rigid fasting, un
derstanding better than we of the nine
teenth century do that fat children cannot
withstand disease as well as tbin children.
The Greeks and Russians professed tiie most
profound contempt for oorpulont persons.
At the Roman festival of Bacchus great
fun was made of the fat Silenua.
The physicians of antiquity treated fat as
a disease, and wore at least as skillful In
their ‘ 'reduction” processes as are the doc
tors of the present day. In addition to em
ploying most of our so-called anti-oorpulent
cures, the ancient doctor* resorted to bleed
ing.
There are some popular impressions in re
gard to tbe stout winch are not supported
by facts. One of these impressions is that
the i-orpulent are always good natureil.
another that tbe fat are “fat-witted.”
An excess of adipose tissue c*u e*
irritability rather than good nat
ure, having it* underlying base in
disease. Intellectually the fat vary, as in
disposition, exactly as the lean do. Moms
of t >■ greatest minds the world has e\
k .’ •'!. have been incorporated in fatb dies,
hpaminondas, the great statesman and
g-ueral, was of such enormous bulk that
three people could not encircle him with
their arms. Dr. Johnson was very stout,
and so was Mile. Georges, the renowned
French actress. even in the zenith of her
fame, wheu Napoleon the Great s > much
admired her acting. He, too, became
excessively fleshy, especially toward
the close of his life. The iTincroa Mathilde,
cousin of Napoleon 111., and a woman of
bri.iiant intellect, was ponderously stout, a
defect she sought to conceal by weartug
loose drapery. Jules Janin, tbe prince of
critics, was so fat that his cheeks and chin
pr> truded beyond iiis beard. Bnl/ac was
so large that it was laughingly said that it
was a day’s exercise to walk around him.
Koßsini broke the furniture ho sat mx>n. so
great was his weight. The famous Italian
singer, Lablache, was charged three fares
when ho traveled.
FAT MEN WHO WERE NOT FAT WITTEI).
Sydney Smith, though fat, could hardly
be called fat witted. Eugene Sue grew so
stout that, hoping to reduce himself, he
drank vinegar to excess. This was one of
the oldtime antidotes for corpulence, and
one most detrimental to the health. Wil
liam the Conqueror, John Sooieski, tho
Polish king, and Ludwig XVIII of France
were all obese men, so war Pliny the
younger. He inherited lus tendency to
corpulence from his mother, whose life he
saved with difficulty at the destruction of
Pompeii, she being too fat to run or even to
walk fast to his yacht, which lay in the
bay. Among the extremely Corpulent of
illustrious Romans was Antonious, the con
sul and friend of Cirur, and Cains Marius,
tho great general and consul.
David Hume, tho metaphysician, his
torian and political economist, was un
wieldy from nicest of adipose tissue. Cath
erine 11. of Russia became of immense size,
with layers of double, rolling chins. In
this particular she resembled “good Queen
Anne” of England, who died of obesity.
According to the physicians of ler time,
Anne’s grossnesi of body was caused by her
drinking hot chocolate and milk, sweet
ened with sugar, every night before sleep
ing. Nothing fattens oie more rapidly
than sugar, five ounces of which eat;en daily,
it is said, will increase the weight one
pound a week. This Is a faot for the con
sideration of the leau who wish to become
stout.
Dumns pere and Saint Bouvo nro two
more instauces of fat men, decidedly not
fat witted. The list might lie prolonged,
but enough examples have beon cited to
prove that however enervating to the
physical powers obesity may become, it does
not necessarily diminish tho intellectual
activity.
Are the fat always good natured? The old
proverb of “laugh and grow fat” would load
us to think so, but it is not tho obese who
laugh so much ns the leiu who laugh at
them. Their heavy, unwieldy forms, thoir
waddling walk, their shortness of breath,
their sufferings from heat aud from tho
slightest fatigue have from time imme
morial been considered legitimate subjects
for mirth and ridiculo. Even Shakespeare,
in his immortal creation of Falstaff, says:
“I shall think the worso of fat men.”
Celia Looan.
CORSETS.
Listen
to plain facts about the Kabo
corset. You can’t break the
bones—for one thing - . If you
Jo, within a year, you’ll have
ydur money back. Soft eye-
another thing that
can’t be had with other cor
sets. And hear how it’s sold:
if you're not satisfied, after
a few weeks’ wear, you can
return it ?rd ort your money.
A. R. ALTMA.YER & CO
GROCERIES.
Fresh Mountain Butter,
COUNTRY EGGS,
SPRING CHICKENS,
CHOICE ELGIN BUTTER,
ALWAYS ON HAND.
S.L.GEORGE,
Broughton and Aborcorn streets
LEGAL sales.
CONSTABLE S BALE.
I T NDER and by virtue of an attachment is
v sued by Justice Naugbtin, a Justice of tbe
Peace, for the t hird U. M. District of Chatham
County returnable to July.lß9l, term City Court
of Savannah, in favor of M. FERST’S HONS &
COMPANY against D POPE, I have
this day levied upon tbe following
property: Property levied on. All
that stock of groceries, liquors. to
baccos and cigars now contained in that certain
storehouse on the southeast corner of Waldburg
and Burroughs streets, in the City of Savannah.
Chatham County and State of Georgia as per
inventory now in my hands, and under and by
virtue of an order granted by the Honorable
William D. Hard.n. judge of the City Court of
Savannah, on May Bth, !881, T will sell the same
at the said storehouse on WEDNESDAY the
SOth day of May, IBPI, between the hours of 10
*. m. and 1 v. M., to satisfy said attachment.
Terms cash.
HENRY WKTHKKHORN.
Constable C. C.. Ga.
VEGETABLES FKCITS. ETC.
COW PEASr
CLAY, SPECKLED, BLACK EYE, PIGEON
AND BLACK PEAS.
N. C. and VA. PEANUTS.
SEED PEANUTS, RAISINS, LEMONS,
ORANGES, NUTS, SEED CORN,
HAY, 014 A IN' AND FEED,
ETC., ETC.
W- D. SIMKINS
r CENTS gets the Huixlsy ssue of the Mo an
• ) inoNswk Be .ure and read it. Tor sai it
at MI LI.KYNE H DRUG STORK West Broad
sad Wald burg street*.
HOMES e.
H<IH Ujjj Ht HUt.HtCK.AHMS OH AHK PURI OF THE PERSON
OU.CKLY dissolved and removed with the hew solution
* AOP6H6 =
X A>iD THEOI. *TM r -*ievrfc J>KwTMo Bn v% lTH<t T rut tIOMTBNT , *
IMmoterfd by Accident. If C'oHPorif&TNr., an incomplete
Vi mittiir* wa* arci.D nt ||jr pil|d on th* back of tb* hand and on
\4 V • \|k afterward if wa* diarovortd that tb* hair aa* < r>mp>Mr r%-
j.j \\ V* w purrhaeH thenew dieroTrry and namad it MODENE. It
R,/ pur*. free fr< m all injurious • übtancc*. and *o simple
a liny one can ua* It. It a !• mildly but enrely, and you will be nor
/ /\Vw afi& 'J \ P # r *-r1 W ' lHil hf * ,J V}* reeulti. Apply for a few minute* and
/ A \ *•<* dapprar a* if by mairtc. It has no whatever
I / V\\ V'VX I e‘. v pt.-p.iration ever need for a like purpe*. and no frien.
I f/J i 4 V Crt 'V' * v,r lf{ am* i ' r h wonderful retult IT €1.4 If NOT
l \. 1 Ta } l I / 1 11 in* 1 k-r.-wth l*e light, one application will remove it per
\ niamntly lbe heavy growth *uch a* the beirri t r hair on mol#* mar
V '/tSRsAv • r ?lV !,re 1w0.."I w 0.." v m " r * application* before ail the root* are de*trnv*d
ii 1 a ** 4,r Wl ** r ' ,noT **d at e*. h application, apd withoat
/ “Jf elik.itett injury >r unpleasant feel in c when applied nr e?er
S * r ' l MnDKNK s| PERCEDK& El EfTROLYSIS.—
tVjfVV ffTTI ft 7 yIJ V’TTf"*** 6e etf Acx>* eferf /fa </<* 6 peop/e
Wl■„f i lmln **<?*
.V , "r'. r .h T " ,, M.*l r.~'.r.r'S' e**'h,vf htr "mine, -h. uld’ST jEd™., odn.tr",
IT pr. Will. ”‘""ne milt h? mail. In N.f.tr UI.IIIOG rAN.N, fioatae" I.*ii pmur.lr p-.1-H
ohmrr.t,l,l,l. n rn.ipl of prim, si.nn pe, hntlh, Send mnnrr I.T 1. t wHi .our
wrilmn rlainlr < "rre.pnnii.-nre re.ll, priTiitw. Pnl“," the..* i* ..I.P
**. il WAT * " rNTI,,> t." I. I nnKr? *M. Til ip r.rm LVKItV KOTTI t 111 \ H ■
■ EN(*Ai I AMIT •" M ANIIFACI UHIHG CO CINCINNATI, O.U V A V
OtHTaAL AIUNTS VnufVi-li.n --p nr (hr lll c li.pt l.rpcln II.Ip l'r. Tan ii.„, 1 pnrmTMlT
1 V- ——" ’■' lailnr-- p .'I- ™
CLOTHIX6,
63 Congress St
Announcment Extraordinary!
STOCK MOST BE SOLD!
Look at these Prices
Summer Coats and Vests
50c.
Men’s Pants 50c. and up
ward.
A tew more Flannel Shirts
left, 290., sold everywhere at
50c.
Windsor Tics, all colors,
5 c.
All shades latest styles
Derby Hats $1 40.
Men’s Cassimerette Suits
$2.
An all-wool suit for Men
$0 00, worth sl2.
Any Straw Hat in the win
dow lor 50c., and all other
goods at correspondingly low
prices.
Show Cases and Fixtures
for sale. \
Sale will close in about 30 davs.
REMEMBER THE PLACE
AND NUMBER, J
f
163 Congress Street,
163 Congress Street,
OPPOSITE HIE MARKEI
SUMMER RESORTS,
MOUNTAIN-TOP HOTEL AND SPRINGS.
/ i VER Rockflah Hap. Blu Rldfre Mountains
" " 1,990 feet above tha level of the hp/i: fln
views; a delightful Rummer resort; cheap
board; strong iron springs; many attractions to
the invalid, pleasure-seeker and families; of
easy access. Address
Messrs. MASBIE A 00., Afton, Va.
CAPON SPRINGS AND BATHS,
HAMPSHIRE COUNTY, W VA.
/ \NK HUNDRED AND FIFTY MILES from
" ' Baltimore, lift from Washing;ton. With
Its superior mineral waters, superb summer
climate. In a beautiful mountain region. Just
the spot to lay life's weary burdens down and
have a lovely summer, For medical and other
testimony send for pamphlet.
W. H. HALE, Proprietor.
HOTEL TYBEE.
Tybee Island, Ga.
The above hotel will open May 16 for season
of 1891. au>
A
For information, etc., address * i
f
B. DUB, Proprietor,
, SCREVEN HOUSE, Savannah, Ga,
A SUMMER HOTEL AMONG THE COOL
J\ GREEN MOUNTAINS OF VERMONT. -
The Maplewood Hotel is situated upon the
summit of Mount Randolph. 1,600 feet, above the
tea level; (WO teet above the rai I road; a perfect
panorama of views; childrens paradise; ele
gant house, with larg- rooms, ail nowly fur
nished, papered and painted; pure spring water;
balconies 400 feet in length; bowling alleys;
billiard hall; hardwood dancing hall, lawn ten
nis and croquet lawns, large livery atlow rates;
drives unsurpaased; rich Jersey milk and but
ter; fresh vegetables, etc , etc.; ever (lowing
sulphur springs; new 4-uorae barge for parties
who wish to rove the country; reasonable
rates for board, $7 to SI9 per week; special
races for June and September; descriptive cir
cular. Address THATCHER STONE, Proprie
tor, Randolph, Vt.
PORTLAND CEMENT.
All Builders’ Supplies.
RIVER SAND, Portland Cement, Rosendal
Cement, Rockland Unm. Georgia Lime, all
styles brick. Calomel Pisan-r, Nassau Flora,
Roofing Paint. Roofing Paper.
< triers fl.led promptly in carload lots and leal
at lowest prices. liillROIC WHLUY.
Telephone No. 479. Broker, 116 Bryan St.
HU r i1.,,
PULASKI HOUSEj
SAVANNAH, GA.
IfAnaffammit ctrictly flnt-claa*
Situated In tfaa bnrin— oanlai
Lp w. aoomxjl
THE
DE SOTO;
SAVANNAH, GA.
Odp of the most elegantly appointed hotAlg
In tbo world-
Accomodations for 500
Gruests.
OPEN ALL YEAR.
WATSON & POWERS.
THE MARSHALL
Bj reqj***f of mv numerous patrons I will
from thia date on conduct
THE MARSHALL
on both the Amnricnn anti European methods,
RATES: 50 and upward per day.
EUROPEAN RATES. Rooms 30 cent*, 78
ci-nts, J! 00 per person.
H. N. FIBH, Proprietor.
■ ■■■-—" ■'■■■'■ ■ ■■■■■
i*l ULIGATIOHft,
FASHION BOOKS FOR MAY
AT
ESTILLS NEWS DEPOT,
■JIH BULL STREET. Price.
L’Art dn la Mode 3j a
UtTUt He la Moil© . 860
I. a Mode de Parle jjsc
Album of Modes 35e
La Bon Ton Hsc
The Season 35a
Young Indies'Journal 30c
Demurest of the fashions and
What to Wear for Spring and Summer, 1891.35 c
Iluttnrink's Kaahiun (Quarterly for Spring
and Summer, 181 Usa
Uodey’s Lady’s Book 380
Deiuorest's Paablon Magazine ,30c
I'eterKon’s Maga/.ino 23c
New York and I’aris Young Indies' Kashlon
8azar....... 25c
The Delineator 15c
The laidles’ Koine Journal !Oc
Harper’s Bazar. 100
Mine. Demoreat Monthly Fashion Journal . 10c
Address all orders to
WILLIAM ESTIIX. Savannah, Oa.
111 1 ■■ 1 1 3
JKWEI.RI .
*. L. DESBOUILLONS,
THE JEWELER,,
Lil Bull Street.
IF yon want a fine Gold Watch, my line o|
ladies' and Gents' Watches is complete,
and of the best quality. I have also a choice
selection of Clocks, either Onyx, Black Marbls
or Imitations, at lowest flgnres.
STERLING SILVERWARE
In elegant cases - just the thing for a Wedding
Present.
Diamond Jewelry, Earrings. Pins, Finger
Rings, Canes, Umbrellas, etc., always on hand.
BARGAINS IN OPERA GLASSES. ,
A. L. Desbouillons, ;
Ul Hull Street.
SU BU KB AN RAILWAYS.
Tybee Schedule!
CENTRAL RAILROAD OF GEORGIA,
(Savannah and Atlantic Division )
TO TAKE EFFECT MAY 4th, 1891.
LEAVE SAVANNAH— City Tine-Daily 10:04
a. m , 1:36 p. m., 3:06 p. m., 5:36 p. m., 6:51 n
m.
LEAVE TYBEE—Cify Tiff!#. Daily 8 36 a m..
12:37 p in., 3:26 p. m., 6:31 p. m., B:A6 p. m.
Freight will be carried omy on traias leaving
Savannah 10:06 a. m. 8:06 p. m. and 5:86 p. m„
and leaving Tybee 8:36 a. m., 12:37 p. m., 3:*
p. m. and 6:31 p. m.
Family excursions on Tuesdays and Friday*.
Whole tickets 35 cents, half tickets 20 cents.
The company reserves the right to withdraw the
sale of these tickets without notification when
ever such days are required for special excur
sions or otherwise.
Passengers are required to purchase tickets
who wish the benefit of excursion rates.
E. T CHARLTON,
(fen. Pass. Agent.
T. S. MOUSE, Superintendent.
HARDWARE.
Cotton and Rubber
HOSE,
Hose Reels, Etc.
GARDEN TILE.
Edward Lovell’s Sons,
155 BROUGHTON AND 138-140
STATE STREET.
LEATHER GOODS.
~ NEIDUNGER AND RABUN^
Sole Agents for
Hoyt's Leather Belting. Giant Rubber Belting,
Chicago liawhide Belting.
164 St. Julian aud 163 Bryan Street*. Sava*
nab, Ga.
5
