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The Family Joubnal.—News—Politics—Literature—Agriculture-—Domestic Affairs.
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GEORGIA TELEGRAPH BUILDING
*Y~ » o* MW # K * * IVgVf ? -j ’-i
ESTABLISHED 1826.}
MACON, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 10, 1809.
VU. XLIV.—.NO.
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thcrohre and its Resources.
eoo'dabiis—water vowkbs—agricultual PRO
DUCTS—'MINERALS, ETC., ETC.
Cabtebbvoae, Ga., August 10.—The bounda
ries of this part of our State are Tennessee on
the north, the Savannah river on the east, the
Chutubixieica on the south, and State of Ala
bama ob the west, and it was the last purchase
j,r ibe Slate from the Cherokee Indians, and
riTing to Georgia its present metes and bounda-
rira. Its length from north to south is about
I3rt miles, and width from east to west 180.
By reference to the State map it will bo seen
fiiat it is beautifully diversified with mountain
and valley, everywhere presenting to the eye a
l*uuty and variety of scenery rarely to be met
with. and t0 that of the farmer a prospect which
Mggests thoughts of plentiful harvests and over
sowing barns. As to its streams, it is watered
hy the Chickamnuga, Chattooga, Notley, Hia-
wssee, Tullula, Coosawattio, Oostanania, Eto-
y»h, Oonnesanga, Toccoa, Gartecay, Ellijay,
,nd Chattahoochee Rivers, with hundreds of
their tributaries, on the sides of which lio vast
fiitnts of bottom lands, which in fertillity of
soil and variety of prodnetion are unsurpassed
bt any other region on the globe. Though this
*as the last settled section of the State, and
even now only partially known, by its railroad
isd river facilities, even before the war it had
ton for itself the cognomen of the “Flanders
of the South.”
Who that ever traveled on the Western and
jtlhnlio Railroad, in days of yore, does Dot re
member the large depots at Dalton, Calhoun,
Adiirsville, Kingston, Cass Station, Carters-
rille, Etowah, Alatoona, Ackworth and Marietta,
filled to overflowing with wheat, corn, hay, ba
con and eottoD, which twenty daily trains could
scarcely empty in time for the next crop ? And
ill this was accomplished under a primitive
system of agriculture, the average production
Wing upon low lands from twenty-five to fifty
bushels of corn, from fifteen to twenty-five
bushels of wheat, and from fifteen to twenty
bushels of oats. The productions of uplands
ns from ten to twenty-five bushels of corn,
nd other crops were in proportion. Grasses,
too, grow spontaneously waist and shoulder
high, and red and white clover also, making fine
pasture lands for cattle, without the assistance
of guano, or any of tho manipulated manures,
coniieqnently we are anxious to see experiments
nude at fanning on strictly scientific principles
upon the best lands, and from the little we
know of the matter we confidently predict a re
sult not dreamed of by any of the people of the
South.
In 18.19 or 1860, a genfleman living about four
ml« from this place raised on average of 2,500
pound* of seed cotton to the acre, and in other
counties many planters raised ten bales of cot
ton to tho baud, and larger crops of grain and
pork than can be raised anywhere in South
western Georgia. Besides the cereals and
colton, the grape grows luxuriantly everywhere,
and needs but culture to make the vineyards
bnd and blossom like the rase with their Inscions
fmit. Peaches and apples grow finely on the
uplands, nnd the small fruits on all lands.
Sheep raising may be made very profitable, as
the mountains abound in the wild pea and wild
grasses, which afford an excellent pasturage
during winter.
Of the mineral productions of Cherokee
Georgia (here is no eDd. In Dade, Walker, and
Whitfield counties there are extensive deposits
of ooal, sandstone, nnd iron. In Walker county
there is gravel ore similar to that in Missouri.
In Hurray, Union, Gilmer, Fannin, Habersham,
Franklin, Hall, Lumpkin, Cherokee, Pickens,
Cass, Paulding, Polk, Carroll, Campbell and
Heard counties are tho gold mines of Georgia,
lu these counties lodes and deposits bnve been
extensively worked—in a primitive way, to be
sure; but they have produced enough to induce
the Government to establish a mint at Dalonega,
which was in successful operation until the
breaking out of the war. The most celebrated
mines are the White Path and Carteray of Gil
mer county, the Obestater, Chastain, and a num
ber of others in Lumpkin county, the Sixes and
Pasco mines of Cherokee, the Allatoona of Cass
county, and the Villa Rica, Bonner and Owen
mines of Carroll. We have been repeatedly as
sured bv practical m-ners, who havo visited the
liockv Mountains and the mines in Nevada and
inalio, that, with the improved machinery and
the introduction of sluice-washing for deposit
gold, go1J.digging here could be made more
profitable than in California. It is, indeed, a
fact that there is scarcely a stream within the
above nsmed limits where anyone, with a com
mon frying-pan and a shovel, may not obtain gold
enough to pay good wages. Statntary marble
nas also liceu found in Pickens county, nnd was
extensively worked before the war. There is
also a ledge nliont four miles from this piece.
Slate of a superior quality has been found in
Polk county, nnd Manganese is abundant in this
'Cuss) county.
Iron ore abounds almost everywhere in this
region, and from its proximity to cool, sand
stone, and lime, and the great water power—
essential requisites in the manufacture of iron—
it would seem that nature had intended this as a
great manufacturing center—in fact, as a second
Pittsburgh. Before the war the Etowah Roll
ing-Mill and ten furnaces were in full blast, and
they terned out about 250 kegs of nails, 10 to
20 tons of rolled iron, and between 75 and 100
tons of pig metal a day, beside hollow-ware and
Machinery castings fnlly equal to the demand.
From these furnaces the rolling-mill at Atlanta
»as furnished with pig metal, ns well as tho sev-
tral foundries in that city, Macon and Augnsta.
All of these, with the exception of one, were de
stroyed during the war.
Labor is cheaper here that it ever was before;
Mid water privileges are so plenty that there
&*uld not probably be found a single place with
in the limits of Cherokee, Georgia that would
h* five miles from a stream of sufficient fall and
*ster to turn a merchant milL
The scenery obont the Etowah iron-works, on
•he Etowah river is very grand. And in the
heart of all this wild and beautiful country, 90
miles south of Chattanooga, Tenn., and 60 miles
north of Atlanta, five miles west of the Etowah
iron.works described above, and two miles north
the Etowah river, situated in a fine valley,
‘urrounded by towering hills, and on the West
ern and Atlantic Railroad, is the thriving little
tillage of Cnrtersville, spreading out like a tiny
city, quite two miles square, and boastiDg al
ready of some 3,000 inhabitants. It has five
churches—Presbyterian and Methodist, a third
church building (Baptist), and two colored
thurches, (Baptist and Methodist), a fine large
court-honse (being the county town) nearly com
pleted, two hotels, four select schools, taught by
thorough and highly educated teachers, alyceum
for young men, and stores and shops of all kinds.
The surrounding country has fine lands for agri
cultural products, as you may easily leam any
d»y from taking a peep into our large railroad
depot, where may be found all kinds of produce
je be shipped off, such as wheat, corn, cotton,
lJ on, slate, manganese. etc., etc.; and in sum-
jjjw, fruits to the different towns and cities
oonth. In the depot, also, ia our express and
telegraph office; and who that has been a wit-,
ness to the destruction of the place by “Sher
man's March to the Sea," would have believed
that all this could have sprung into existenoe in
five short years, when there scarcely as yet haB
been a peace. We do not have the midnight
i-iarauding Ku-Kluxes here. ' We boost of a
bettor state of society, that frowns down such
doings—a sociable, a hospitable people, that
"‘th open arms will receive all new comers to
Settle in their midst, even if they be “bated
Yankees,” as they are elsewhere called.
In climate we are greatly blessed. In sum-
nier the thermometer rarely rises higher than
90 degrees, and then the nights, even during the
hottest weather, are always pleasant. In winter
the thermometer seldom falls below 32 degrees,
and never to that daring more than three suc
cessive days. Tho average temperature of tho
winter months at sunrise is 42 degrees, and at
12 m., CO to 54 degrees. This part of Georgia
is remarkable, too, for the variety of its mineral
springs. Among those that have been improved
are the Powder Springs, in Cobh county; Row
land Springs, in this (Cass) county; Gordon
Springs, in Gordon county; Catoosa Springs,
in Catoosa county, and Cohutta Springs, in Mur
ray county. Beside these, there are hundreds
of others scattered all through this Cherokee
Georgia of greater or less local celebrity. A
sulphur vein has lately been accidentally struck
in this place by digging a well, and it bids’fair
to be a fine spring.
An Important Discovery.
A NEW METHOD OP rHESEUVINO THE HITMAN BODY
A RIVAL OP PROF. OAMOEE.
A correspondent of the London Athenaeum,
writing from Naples, gives some interesting in
formation respecting the means employed by
Prof. Abbate, of that city, for preserving the
human body. He says:
Some secret similar to Dr. Abbate’s has ex
isted for a long time, as all travelers who have
visited Florence probably well know. In the
Cabinet of Physiological Anatomy at Santa
Maria Novello there are preparations of por
tions of the hnman body by Dr. Segato. The
Grand Dncal Government refused to purchase
the secret, which died with Segato. His pre
parations, I repeat, were only portions of the
body, whereas that which is now being exhibited
in Naples, in the ex-convent of Santa Maria
della Nnova, is the entire body of a youth of
seventeen years of age, who died of phthisis
about the end of last January. For five months,
therefore, it has resisted the action of a very
variable atmosphere. The features, the integ
rity of the form, are perfectly preserved as
they were at the moment of death. The nails
havo a roseate hue; there is no odor of any
kind; and the flesh has the hardness almost of
marble. To this lot it be added that the hair
adheres so tenaciously to the head that it is im
possible to remove it, of course without vio
lence. The operation of embalming or petri
fying is effected in a few hours, without the
necessity of removing the dress; indeed, an
other body has keen petrified according to the
same system without taking off the dress, and
even preserving the gloves on. “We know,”
says a medical gentleman, not an Italian, to
whom I am indebted for these details, “that
some gentlemen of Naples, after having proved
what we havo stated, have made an alteration
in their wills, imposing it as an obligation on
their heirs that they shall apply the system of
Abbate to their bodies in the event of their dy
ing before the professor.”
This discovery has, however, a more practical
and more important phase—that is, in preserv
ing meat fresh. Abbate asserts he has succeed
ed completely. There are difficulties iu this
special application of it which would not pre
sent themselves in the petrification of hnman
bodies, such as the danger of introducing sub
stances injurious to health, or affecting the
taste, the appearance or the nutritive qualities
of the meat. All these difficulties Abbate de*.
clares he has overcome; and it is a known fact
that a first rate house in Italy, whose commer
cial relations with the Americans are considera
ble, has nlready made offers to Abbate on the
subject. Should it be proved by experience to
be true that the wholesome food of man—which
is now thrown away in vast distriits as utterly
unavailable, or is only melted down for the sake
of the fat—can by simple and inexpensive
means be exported to Enrope fresh and good,
an inestimable boon will have been conferred
on hnmanity. This onr Professor asserts he
can do; and as he already has done so mnch,
surely his system deserves the attentive exam
ination of all scientific men. During his life
Abbate has no intention of making known the
secret of his discovery, but he is prepared to
visit any part of the world which he may be re
quested to visit, and show the results of his in
vention.
Tlie Political Situation—Massachu
setts to be Thrown Overboard.
The Washington correspondent of the Balti
more Gazette, writing on the 3d, gives an inter
esting sketch of the political situation. He
says:
I telegraphed a week ago rnmors of a disa
greement between President Grant and Secre
tary Bontwell. Further developments more
than confirm these rumors. It is now quite cer
tain that, after much vacillation, the President
will finally cut loose from the ultra Radical wing.
Under Boutwell’s guidance he sees nothing bnt
defeat staring him in the face. Look at the re
sult in Virginia and in Tennesee! It is not con
sidered good generalship to change front in face
of the enemy, bnt there really seems no other
ccnrse to puisne. On the one hand there is
certain defeat. On the other—perhaps defeat
also; but it is thought advisable to try a change
of tactics, even though it be but a forlorn hope,
Massachusetts will no longer be permitted to
control the Government. Bontwell will have
abnndant leisure to mature his presidential
schemes in Boston, and Hoar can rest on his lau
rels as a lawyer wlo manufactures partisan
opinions, regardless of law or facts. Wilson will
have to run his race for tho United States Senate
against the wily Bntler, without backers; and
Snmner, not being able to further war, or med
dle in our foreign affairs, will have an opportu
nity to look into domestic affairs, of which he
will no doubt avail himself. It must not be in
ferred that the millennium has arrived. The
President has simply had to give way before the
inevitable logic of facts. He sees that the Bout-
wellites will as surely be defeated in Texas and
Mississippi as they were in Virginia and Tennes
see ; and as tho Conservative Bepnblicans prom
ise to support his policy—a rash promise, it
must be confessed, as the ways of his policy are
past finding ont— he thinks it as well to be on
the winning side.
General Lee.—A correspondent of the New
York Journal of Commerce, writing from the
Virginia White Sulphnr Springs, devotes a par
agraph to General B. E. Lee, and adds that the
General seems especially anxious to heal the
wounds of the war- The correspondent says:
“Several ladies who were on a visit here at one
time this season from a Northern State appeared
to be without attention from their fellow-board
ers. Gen. Lee observed the fact, and desired
some of his lady friends to cultivate their ac
quaintance. When these excused themselves
on the ground that they did not know their
names, and were without introduction, the Gen
eral approached several of these visitors, saying
to each, I am Mr. Lee—may I ask your name ?’
And when this was given, he promptly presented
them to his friends, who received them most
cordially.”
Going Sooth.—The disastrous drought in
Virginia and tho consequent inevitable scarcity
of provisions next winter will dnve_ thousands
from Virginia to more favored regions. The
Danville Times hears that a farmer in that vi
cinity, who employs forty negroes, has deter
mined to remove to the South, where “the ne
gro can get good wages, and the planter make
money by working large farms and living some- j
what after the old style." The Times says
“With regard to onr colored population, ;
henceforth there will be a star continually lead- ]
ingtkem towards the sunny climate of the South.
Virginia is destined, we believe, sooner or later
to be laid off into small farms, and filled, up
with industrious immigrants from other States. 1
[Pun ch b u rg _\ t tc*.
———i <«» ■ i
Mr. Joseph, the Coolie agent at Charleston,
S. O., baa received orders to supply nine thou
sand laborers lit once. One thonsand. it iB said,
will be employed upon the Selma, Rome and
Dalton railroad. Another thonsand for Co
lumbia. ... , , .
A colored' woman recently leaped from a
train of cars in Mississippi whilst it was going t
forty miles an hour. She fell, on her head, but
escaped unhurt.
Concrete Wall. •
COLAPABCHEE, MONROE COUNTY,)
September 6th, 1869. f
Editors Telegraph: Can you inform me of
the cost of a concrete wall ? What will be the
cost of a cubic foot ? Say nothing about the
cost of hauling rock and sand. What propor
tion of sand, lime, and rocks? I am not so
ignorant t»to attribute to you omniscience, bnt
hope you may elicit from some of your readers
satisfactory answers to tho above inquiries.
Respectfully, Job E. Taylor.
We have had some little personal experience
with concrete wall, built as follows: Strong
lime mixed in the proportion of fonr to five of
sharp sand with one of lime. Having land foil
of pebbles, which were riddled ont with a coarse
seive. mixed as many pebbles with the mortar,
by Instalments, as the mortar would hold.—
Planted posts a little depth outside and inside
the line of proposed wall, a foot higher than the
wall was intended to be, and fastened them over
top with a cross piece morticed at the requisite
distance. Dug ont a foundation six inches be
low the surface. Placed inch boards inside the
posts and began to build. First a course
of mortar filled with the pebbles, rammed
down a little. Next, a course of large stones
laid as solidly as possible and so as to
break joints and tie. Next another course
of peppled mortar, rammed again, and so on
nntil the requisite height waB attained, and the
wall topped off with one course of brick. Found
a barrel of lime, treated in this wav, wonld lay
fifteen lineal feet of wall five feet high above
ground—a foot thick at the base, and tapering
on the inside to ten inches at the top—in every
respect a strong, serviceable and handsome wall.
It will need some little dressing when the planks
are removed, which may be done, in dry weath
er, in twenty-four hours after the wall is laid.
Use all the rock the mortar can possibly bo
made to cement.
From Meriwether County
Flat Shoals, Ga., September 2, 1869.
Editors Telegraph : The last number of my
Telegraph, I find, bears the notification “out.”
As your paper is an indispensable in my family,
enclosed you will fiud three dollars for yonr
Weekly another year. Permit me to express
my unqualified approval of your course on all
leading questions that have occupied the public
mind, with one exception, viz: Chinese Immi
gration. I can’t possibly see how the farmer is
to be benefitted in the long run. I think if yon
were to visit this section, you would agree with
me that “natural immigration” (babies) was
sufficient to fill up oar waste-places in a few
years.
The com crop in this section is very good.
Five weeks ago tho prospect for a good cotton
crop was never better; but now we will not
make more than a half a crop. The drought
has wrought tho change. Nearly all of the
forms and many of the small bolls have dried
up and dropped off. J. L.
We have no idea Chinese Immigration to Geor
gia is likely to annoy our correspondent.—Ed.
Commercial Convention.
The Commercial Convention which adjourned
from Memphis will meet in Louisville on the
12 th day of October next. A circnlar from Col.
Blanton Duncan, Chairman of the Committee of
Arrangements, suggests that all the Southern
cities be represented by duly appointed dele,
gates, and that the delegates who expect to at
tend communicate the fact to him as early as
possible. It is thought that the railroads will be
liberal in passing delegates. At a meeting in
Louisville on the 2d of last June, the following
resolutions were adopted:
Resolved, That the people of Lonisville cor-
dially extend a welcome to the delegates who
may attend the Southern Commercial Conven
tion on the 12th of October, and assure them
that the great measures upon which they will
be called upon to deliberate, will enlist the earn
est attention of the business men of this city.
Resolved. That the commercial interests of
the whole Union are so inseparably interlaced
that the prosperity of one section redounds to
the interest of all, and tho depression of any
portion is sensibly felt in every department of
commerce.
Resolved, therefore, That every effort should
be made by the mercantile community of every
State to resnscitate and develop the languishing
interest of any portion of the country which
may temporarily droop, and that, knowing no
sectional division, we hold ont the hnnd of
brotherhood to every American, in the hope
that wise effort to benefit onr common country
may cement affections and blot out the differ
ences of the past.
Resolved, That wo will extend the hospitality
of Lonisville to the strangers who may come
among us to aid in the good work, and thnt
nothing shall be left nndone to impress them
with a heartfelt, cordial Kentucky welcome.
“Marry Us Twenty-seven Cents Worth.”—
In Virginia, where the law fixes tho marriuge fee
at one dollar, there is a reminiscence of a couple
who many years ago called on a parson and re
quested him to marry them. “Where is my fee?”
said the functionary. The parties who were to
nnite their fortunes did so at once, and found
the joint amount to be twenty-seven cents. “ I
can’t marry you for that sum,” said the irate old
gentleman. “A little bit of sarviee will go a
long way,” suggested the male applicant. “Ah!
no,” said the parson, “you don’t pay for the size
of the pill, but for the good you hope it will do
you.” The lass, intent on marriage, began to
weep; bnt the parson was inexorable, and the
couple turned sadly to depart Just then a happy
thought seemed to strike the forlorn maiden,
and she turned and cried through her tears:
“Please, sir, if yon can't many us full up. won’t
you marry us twenty-seven cents’ worth ? We
can come for the rest some other time." This
was too much for the parson. He married them
“full up,” and they went on their way rejoicing.
Louder.—A man lately went hi '!•* New York
post office, and putting bis moot <* ' deliv
ery box, cried out, “Louder!” Ti- clerk sup
posing the man to be deaf, nnd u..»t he wished
him to speak ionder, asked him in a very loud
tone the name of the person for whom ho want
ed the letter? “Louder!” cried the man.—
‘•What name?” yelled the clerk.—“Louder!”
again bawled the man, who now suspected the
clerk to be deaf. The clerk took a long breath,
and with all his might bawled ont the same
question: “What name?” This was done so
loudly that the echo seemed to return from the
far off hills. The man started back in alarm,
shouting to the very top of his big lungs, ‘ ‘Loud
er, sir—Louder! I told yon Louder; my name
is nothing else!”—“O ha! Oho!” 3aid the
clerk; “yonr name is Louder, eh ? Didn’t think
of that. Mr. Louder, here’s your letter."
Mubdeb in Chesterfield, S. C.—The Demo
crat says: “Yesterday a little negro boy about
10 or 12 years of age was brought here under
arrest from the neighborhood of Cash’s Depot,
for having killed a little girl, his cousin, only 6
years old. He deliberately stripped himself to
kill her and avoid getting the tell-tale, blood on
his clothing, and then put the bodyin a pond of
water to conceal it.”
! :
'
HE
w
KM#* V
Leonide Lsblano, one of the leading .Parisian
deaii-moudaines, is said to be worth over n mil
lion franos.
*r. Jenny Lind has become quite poor. Her
husband has squanderedmost other money.. It
is thought that she will open a school for opera-
singors in. Paris. ■ 1 . ,
’ -v» X 7
A Smart Quaker. Weekly Resume of Foreign Affairs.
Mr. K , the Quaker president of a Penn- prepared fob the oeoboia teleobafh.
sylvania railroad, daring the confusion some Great Britain.—The news regarding the har-
yeara ago, called upon the W bank, with' vest of cereals is very cheering.. The magnifi-
which the road kept a large regular account, and cent weather daring last week has worked like a
asked for an extension of part of its paper fall- magician’s charm, and an abnndant yielding is
teg due in a few days. The bank president de- expected. Prices are steadily declining,
dined rather abruptly, saying in a rongh tone to j The press is still teeming with acknowledg-
the functionary: . | jionts of the great skill which the Harvard
“Mr. K , yonr paper must be paid at ma- 1 crew displayed in the late boat race, and
turity; we cannot renew it-.” _ jthe Star, dwelling on the historical faot, that
“Very well,” our qnaker friend replied and j the Pilgrim Fathers set forth from the same
left thebank. i river Thames to seek a new home across the
But he did net let the matter rest here. On ' seas, appeals to the fancy of the youth of both
leaving the bank, he went quickly to the depot, 1 countries.
and telegraphed to all agents and conductors on j Mrs. Stowe’s infamous effort to stigmatize the
the road to reject the W bank; te a few f memory of Lord Byron, whose lustrons genius
hours the trains bsgan to arrive, full of panic, ; will ever hold an exaltedplace te the Temple of
and bringing nr of the distrust of the W Fanis, when the authoress of ‘‘Uncle Tom’s
bank sll along lue line. Stockholders and da- Cabin” will sleep in a nameless grave, lias mot
positors flocked to the hank quaking with panic,
inquiring thus:
‘ ! What is the matter ? Is the bank broke ?”
A little inquiry by tho officers showed that
the trouble originated in the rejection of the
bills on the railroad.
The president seized Ms hat and rushed down
to the Quaker’s office, and came bursting te
with the inquiry—
“Mr. K , have you directed thp refosal of
onr currency by your agents ?”
“Yes,” was the quiet reply.
“Whyte this? It will ruin us.”
“Well, friend L , I supposed the bank
was going to fail, as it could not renew a little
paper for us this morning.” •
It is needless to a ay Mr. L renewed all the
Quaker's paper, and eularged his line of dis
count ; while the magic wires carried all around
the road the sedative message : “The W
bank te all right. Thee may take all its cur
rency.”
From Dougherty Connty,
We clip the following from the Albany News
of the 7th:
Seven hundred and fifty hands are now at
work on the Brunswick and Albany Railroad,
and if the Central will get up another injunc
tion the number will be doubled.
A Month Ahead.—Cotton picking te at least
one month ahead of former seasons. If the
labor is sufficient the whole erop in this section
may be honsed by the first of November. In
consequence, business has already assumed
lively proportions te onr city, and merchants
are hurrying up the renewal of their stocks.
Capt. Allen’s Patch.—Capt. Allen, who
manages Jordan & Lockett’s Foul-town planta
tion, put te a speciality of six acres. It was
highly fertilized with the Dixon mixture, and
planted abont the 4th of May. Tlie first pick
ing—last week—yielded tiro thousand pounds to
the acre, and we learn that the patch will prob
ably yield two more pickings of an equal
amount—making 36,000 pounds to the six acres.
The yield way fall short of the figures indi
cated, bnt we doubt not this patch will take a
premium at the State Fair.
Editors Telegraph : Please notice the follow
ing, a copy of which is sent to every Lodge te
the South:
Dalton Lodge. No. 105, F. A, M. )
Dalton, Ga., September 3, I860.)
Dear Sir and Brother : The Corner Stone of
St Mark’s Protestant Episcopal Church, Dal
ton, will be laid by the JL W. Grand Master,
Brother Samuel Lswreuce, on Saturday, the
11th of-September, at 4 o’clock, p. m.
Yonr Lodge, or so many of tlie Brethren as
can make it convenient to attend, are respect
fully invited to assist at the ceremony.
Arrangements have been made with the Rail
roads for tickets at half fare. Please give no
tice to the Brethren.
By order of I. E. Shumate, W. M.
Ben E. Gbeex. Secretary pro tern.
Safe as Yet.—The Griffin, Star closes up its
reports of the Press Excursion as follows:
In closing this sketch, we can truly say, we
gathered more interesting, varied and useful in
formation upon this trip than ever before in the
same length of time. We were not “bought by
Bullock,” “feted into silence,” nor “bribed” by
anybody; nor did we see any such calamities
happen to anybody else. Bnt we were charmed
by the hospitalities of our railroad and State
officials, and the citizens of the towns and places
we visited, and the officials of other railroads
and other highways; and we were specially de
lighted to form the acquaintance, and we hope
secure the friendship of so largo a number of
talented and gentlemanly members of the Press
and other citizens. The memory of the expedi
tion will ever mark a happy era of our life.
Cotton.—The cotton is opening very rapidly.
It is almost impossible for the hands on any
farm to keep up with tho bursting bolls. The
dry weather and the rust have stopped the
growth of the weed, and tho bolls are nearly all
matured, and the whole crop will be on hand
almost at once. The staple te also bringing a
good price, and planters are hastening the bales
to market and areselling, instead of storing. Up
to the present time, 544 baleshave been received
into this market and sold at an average of 28)
cents.—Americas Courier.
A small engagement,' resalting in the killing
of sixteen insurgents, te reported to have oc
curred near Contra-Maestro river, Cuba.—
Eighty men, including twenty armed, presented
themselves to the Spanish commanding officer
there for protection. Insurgent sympathizers
in Havana have startled the inhabitants by post-
teg an incendiary proclamation throughout the
city.
London churches are nearly deserted at this
season. A correspondent of a religions paper
writes that he recently attended three churches
in succession on Sunday morning. At the first
the congregation consisted of one old woman
and the charity children. At the second he was
the only worshipper, and there was no service,
and at the third thore was no clergyman to read
service to the handful who assembled.
Jamie sat in the gallery, wide awake, when
many were slumbering around him. The cler
gyman endeavored to awaken the attention of
his hearers, by stating the fact, saying : “You
see even Jamie Frazer, the idiot, does not fall
asleep, us so many of yon are doing.” Jamie,
not liking, perhaps to be thus designated, coolly
replied: “An* had’ na I been an idiot I wad ha’
been steepin’ too.”
A medal, of the time of Charles I, of Eng
land, was recently sold in London a auction for
§1,725. It represents the bust. < the King
bareheaded, with long hair and wearing a Van
Dyke collar. It te stated to be the medal given
as a souvenir by the monarch to Bishop Juxon
a few moments before his execution on the scaf
fold at Whitehall.
At De Vail’s Bluff, Ark., the negroes have
formed a society called “The Bund,” on the
idea of community of property, etc., extending
even to their wives, provided a fair trade be
made. Their mode of worship consists of a
Vuudou dance around a stump upon which a
snake’s head ban been placed at the same time
chanting after peculiar African style.
A law suit in New York has developed the
fact that rag-pickers there make two to three
dollars' a day profit.
A gentleman one day indiscreetly asked a
lady how old she was. “Let me see. I ires
eighteen when I was inartied. and my hnsbund
was thirty ; now he te twice thirty,.and that is
sixty; so of course I am twice eigUteen, that te
thirty-six.” : • .
A Negro in Mobile recently tied his fish line
on onB of his toes and went, to sleep on the
banks of the river. A cut fish bit It was large
euongh to drag him into the river and nearly
drowned him.
with a well deserved judgment of utter contempt
for the writer by the voice of England. The
solicitors of Lady Byron, te a letter addressed
to the London journals, protest against the ar
ticle on “Byron's Married Life,” published by
Mrs. Stowe te the “Atlantic Monthly.” They
state that the narrative te not authentic, but
only the recollection of communications and im
pressions derived from a manuscript read under
great excitement thirteen years ago; they fur
ther accuse Mrs. Stowe of gross breach of trust,
asserting, at the same time, that the compilerof
the “chroniqne scandaleuse" has violated the ex-
press term of Lady Byron’s will. If common
decency was unable to influence the defender of
negro equality, she might at least have borne in
mind the “De mortuis nil aisi bonum.” Eng
land and America have passed judgment which
will be confirmed by the whole civilized world.
France.—The Emperor is sick unto death!
This report spread wild alarm over the capital,
and tho exchange, the true interpreter of pnblio
feeling, gave expression to the general fear by
the rapid decline of all seenrities. Official bul
letins hasten to inform us that Napoleon has
quite recovered; bnt great uneasiness must still
be felt at the Tuileries; for the Empress, re
nouncing her voyage to the Orient, has left
Chambory, Savoy, to return to Parte. The Em
peror’s sickness dates from the 13th of August,
when, on the eve of his departure for the Camp
of Chalons, ho was suddenly taken ill, and ns he
repeatedly called for the Marshal de Saint-Ar-
nnud, who died in the Crimean war, the symp
toms were truly most alarming. There are sev
eral acconnts of the nature of his illness. Apo
plexy and rheumatism are generally pointed out;
but the opinion that he is suffering from the
same merciless disease which pnt a stop to Mar
shal Niel’s career seems to deserve the greatest
credit, ns Napoleon had already once to undergo
an operation to remove the stone.
France has just now entered upon a new phase
of political life, which requires a gradual devel
opment ; should death, at this critical moment,
paralyze the hand to which France owes a great
deal of her present prestige and prosperity, the
land will, probably, be plunged into fresh civil
commotions—for only a bigoted woman and a
child stand before the throne of Dagobert.
During the deliberations of the Sennte, re
specting the Senates Consnltem, Prince Napo
leon delivered two speeches, advocating more
liberty and urging a more complete responsibil
ity of the Ministers. They filled the servile Sen
ators with great indignation, and Monsieur de
Segnr termed the proceedings of the Prince as
scandalous. Rumors affirm, at tho same time,
that the Emperor, in an interview.with his cou
sin, has approved of the liberal policy of the
latter.
Germany.—There te a very hostile tone pre
vailing against the monastio orders since the
revelations of Cracow. Iu Berlin a meeting of
two thousand people took place, which, after a
lengthened debate; declared in favor of the sup
pression of monasteries and the expulsion of
the Jesuits. A fanatic sermon preached by a
monk on the occasion of the inauguration of a
monastery belonging to the Dominicans in
Moabit near Berlin, has contributed toward em
bittering the public feeling. A crowd assembled
before the building of the holy fathers, at night,
and indulged in the pastime of shattering the
window-panes and insnlting the friars. It is
said that the Prior, incensed at the outrages,
and perhaps, remembering the war-like spirit of
the prelates of old, who very often exchanged
the cross for tho battle-axe, seizing a hatchet
sallied forth against the mob. Many arrests
were made.
The new Criminal Code for the North German
Confederation, has been submitted to a commis
sion of seven eminent lawyers of North Germa
ny, selected by the Federal Council. It has also
been published at tho samo time, in order to
permit every one who possesses the requisite
capacity and experience to take part in the
national work, and, by making his views known
to tho Commission, aid* them te their task and
contribute to the improvement of the code.
Austria. The City Council of tho Capital
unanimously adopted a petition to be presented
to the Ministry and both Houses of the Reichs
tag, to abolish all monasteries and ecclesiastical
corporations, the statutes of which aro opposed
to the fundamental laws of tho Empire.
There are still 6,110 monks and 4,814 nans in
676 monasteries in Austria, 2,730 monks and
770 nuns in 295 monasteries in Hungary.
Iu the Hungarian Delegation, which was
closed on tho 30th of August by von Beust
Zsedenyi, the leader of the conservatives in the
lower chamber at Pesth, made a long speech on
the policy of the Chancellor. He blamed the
South German aspirations of tho Count, and the
tone of his dispatches. He commented at some
length and with great severity on the charge
brought against the King of Prussia with re
spect to his personal influence at Buckarest, (ho
dispatch to the Ambassadors at Munic and
Stuttgart, and tho continued animosity to Prus
sia. In the Oriental question the Chancellor
had done well to support the independence of
Turkey, but his policy had been too dependent
on that of France.
Spain.—Reports from Spain are a little more
encouraging. Tho Carlist rising te gradually
dying away. Don Carlos has left for England,
reaiguing for the present all further attempts of
investing himself with the royal purple. Prim
te staying in Paris until Napoleon has sufficient
ly recovered to receive him. Polo and his Sec
retary will suffer the penalty of death; the ef
forts of Polo’s wife and their friends to have the
sentence commuted have proven fruitless.—
Yielding to the solicitations of all parties the
Government has withdrawn the death warrants
of several Carlist priests,
It te said that General Escalante in his dying
hour has made important revelations to Admi
ral Tdpete regarding the abuses of several com
manders in the army and navy.
Nows was received that General Sickles, tho
American Ambassador in Madrid, has offered to
Spain the friendly offices of the United States
for bringing about the pacification of Cuba, but
nothing positive is known.
Russia.—Warshaw will be made a fortress of
the firat-class.
Since the abolition of serfdom tho vice of
drunkenness has increased in an alarming manner
in dtussia, and the consumption of alcoholic
spirits has doubled since ISG3. In Moscow 4,-
224 persons were arrested on account of drank-
enness in 1842; bnt 21,764 in 1S5S. There is
an ample field for temperance societies in Holy
Russia.
Mr. Samari, a well-known Panslavist writer,
in a pamphlet advocating the thorough Russifi
cation of the Baltic provinces, maintains that
Peter the Great, when he'signed the treaties
guaranteeing the institutions which the inhabi
tants of German descent are now vainly strug
gling to defend, was drank. A courageous pro
fessor of Dorpat, Mr. Schiersen, having ven
tured to contradict this statement, has bJen dis
missed from his post.
A new reform measure, the trial by jury, is
resolved upon l'or the empire. But as the Czar's
Government considers a certain amount of edu
cation indispensable for the exercise of so im
portant a privilege) which in the hands of tho
millions, who but too often lack the very first
rudiments of learning and ordinary intelligence.
Jabno.
Superiority of the South Over the
West.
Under this head, the Charleston News pre
sents the following interesting facts:
The value of lands te determined by the money
worth of their prodnets per acre. This, in tho
absence of speculation and other disturbing in
fluences, determines the price of the farm lands.
A comparison Of the average yield to the acre
te tha.Northwestaud South will show, therefore,
the relative value of land in the two sections,
and, incidentally, their relative prosperity. For i 0 f the planet
the purpose of this comparison, we show the av- earthquakes, Intense-.. „„
oraga -yield to the acre of the most valuable sta- . have alternately spent their fnry upon
pies in several States, the material for the ealeu- ... —
lation being taken by a correspondent from the
Report of the Agricultural Bureau at Washington.
We find that Illinois yields oom to the value
of §16 32 an acre, wheat at $22 45, and barley
at §28 54 per acre. . Kansas yields corn at $26
' A Savari in San Francisco predicts, from ae*
troTiomical and meteorological phenomena now
observable, a heavy earthquake early this au
tumn. He says:
During the past eighteen months the earth and
other planets completed the -most. remarkable
conjunction which has ever occurred; and on ,
the night of the 14th of last November we again '
witnessed the grand thirty-four year star-swarm.
Every intelligent person is aware that for ft pe
riod of nearly two years onr globe has bean sub
jected to violent perturbations, such as have not
before occurred for many, centuries.' These per- \ ‘
turbations have been generally over the surface. ''
deal-
r
lAt,
zena of every hemisphere. 3v oareful observa
tions, astronomers have found that in a period
of about eleven years the sun turns towards os , v .
a remarkably spotted disc, and it has also been '■' \-
observed than any sudden changes of light and
pH shade upon the sun during this spotted period
64, wheat at §19 80, and barley at $25 92 per j instantly affect terrestrial magnates. It is well
acre. Missouri yields com at §17 95, wheat at known that te the autumn of 1859, one of these'
sun-spot perturbations was immediately foilow-
§24 80, and barley at §30 80 per acre. Turn
ing to the South, we find that Virginia yields a
higher average of corn than Illinois, say $17 60,
also tobacco at §86 25 per acre. North Caroli
na yields tobacco at $112 79 per acre. Louisi
ana* and Mississippi yield sugar cane at §200
per acre. South Carolina and Georgia yield
rice at §95, and sea island cotton at §140 per
acre. And the twelve cotton States yield up
land cotton at an average of $G0 per acre.
The value of the lands of the West is really
far more speculative than intrinsic, and hereto
fore they have advanced in price with great
rapidity, not on account of their snperior pro
ductiveness, but becauso there was a vast tide
of immigration pouring into the United States
whioh always flawed towards the West and rap
idly settled* up the country. Each immigrant
brought with him from Europe some gold, which
contributed largely to towards forming the cap
ital of the Western States. There can be now
no doubt that our old institotion.of slavery dis
couraged immigration, and so impeded the ma
terial progress of the South. But now that
slavery is dead, there te an open chance for the
ed by one of the most brilliant aurora borealis
ever witnessed te the northern hemisphere: and
still more surprising the magnetic effect of the
aurora was so great that messages - were i freely
sent over telegraphio lines without connection
with the batteries and by means of the auroral
current alone. \ _ '; •v
Many additional facts, showing the connection
of celestial with terrestrial magnetism, might be
given, bnt I have neither the time nor room at
present.- Suffice it to say, ^hat as the earth’s
magnetic foroes are now, and for many months
have been, greatly disturbed by cosmioal influ
ences ; and as we have recently made our an
nual transit through the-nebulous belt; and as
the sun’s surface is at this moment disfigured
by an unuanal number of spots; and as tha
moon on the 7th ultimo'passed between us and
the sun, thereby causing an additional magnetic
distnrbance upon the earth;. and- as we on tha
Pacific coast are now experiencing an. unusually
protracted dry season, the invariable precursor or
temblors in this part of the world, for the fore-
going and many other potent reasons, I predict
competition of free labor, and as soon as our 1 a heavy earthquake to take place early next au-
political affairs are well settled, confidence will, tumn, as soon as moist clouds float into the dry*
be established and immigrants will ponr into j vaporless atmosphere.,
onr section and soon raise onr lands to their
true value, which is really greater than the value
of lands te the West.
Tbe Pennsylvania Catastrophe.
i Fearful Loss of Lift in a Coal Mine.
The Culture of Ramie. i" ■ „ . -. :. ,
„ , , , „ „ j Plymouth, Pa., September 6.—A fire broke
The New York Journal of Commerce says: ; out this morning in the flue and bottom shaft
The numerous successful experiments of silk, j owned by the Delaware- Lackawanna and West-
woolen, lace and linen cotton manufacturers in j era Company, in this plane, and te a short time
several States, and still more extensively in Eu- ] the whole breaker and outbuildings were in
rope, have created a demand for this new and . flames, and the hoisting apparatus, the only
valuable staple far beyond tbe present produc- avenue for escape for the miners, destroyed,
tion or means of supply. It is discovered that ; All efforts to stay the flames were unavailing,
the ramie grown on the alluvial lands of the ' and the whole structure fell, fining up the shaft.
lowerMississippihas a veiylong and exceedingly - Over two hundred men are in the shaft and have
fine fibre, far superior to that grown in its native
country, Java, and that the yield per acre is
greater. In any of the more Southern Cotton
States ramie can be harvested at least three times
per year, and each harvest or catting will pro
duce between nine and twelve hundred pounds,
making an average annual crop of abont 3000
pounds crude unprepared fibre, worth at present
in Enrope ten cents specie per ponnd. In pre
paring the fibre for manufacturing purposes it
loses about one-half, increasing it in value to
sixty-five cents per pound. Thus, it is apparent
that ramie, requiring comparatively little tillage
to produce such magnificent results, is the most
profitable crop that the planter can cultivate.
The fibre when prepared for the spinner, is
beautifully white, soft and glossy, closely re
sembling floss silk te appearance; it is much
stronger than the best flax, and readily receives
the most difficult dyes without injury to its
strength or lustre.
To meet the manufacturers’ increasing de
mands a company of enterprising and practical
business men have organized “The Bamie Pro
ducing and Supply Company,” and propose to
operate near New Orleans on two thonsand acres
of tho choicest alluvial bottom land in that re
gion. With two or three skilled nurserymen to
tend the plants, and one of Messrs. J. & F.
Howard's steam cultivators, it is confidently ex
pected the Company will have four or five hun
dred acres of canes of their own growth to sup
ply orders next season. They hope to produce
in the crude state over six hundred thousand
pounds, or about three hundred tons. A con
ditional contract for the land on very favorable
terms was made last April; and all the plants
and roots known to be for sale in Texas have
been purchased to commence operations with.
We have reports of English manufacturers sand
ing an agent to raise, or bny the ramie in Cali
fornia ; but from all accounts our Southern val
leys are the best adapted to its successful cultiva
tion.
A Liberal Old Soul.
The Cincinnati Enquirer has been interview
ing Gen. Grant’s father in part to the following
purpose:
After a brief pause, Mr. Grant said, “I don’t
blame people much if they are rebels. I am
opposed to having niggers vote. I always
was and always will bo. I wouldn't now, and
never will vote for niggers. If I was an able-
bodied young man, and was elected to the Legis
lature, and a nigger was elected to sit alongside
of me, I wonld say, ‘Nigger, take both seats.’ ”
Reporter.—The Republicans say they consid
er it necessary to adopt negro suffrage in the
rebel States, in order to control the- “disloyal”
element.
no communication out, with no chance for air,
as the only way for getting air into the shaft was
through the main opening, and that was filled'
with burning timbers and the debris ofiflames.
It is feared that 1 the whole number have been
suffocated by the smoke or perished, for the
want of air;
The fire departments of Scranton, Wilkea-
barreand Kingston are playing streams down
the shaft, for the purpose of quenching tbe fire,
so that the rubbish can be cleared out and the
condition of the men ascertained. It will prob
ably take till to-morrow morning before tidings
can be received from them. The scene is
heartrending. Families are congregated in
great numbers. Miners from all. parts of tha
country^ are there at work, and merchants, and
in fact the whole population of the town, have
turned ont to assist. The,loss by the 'fire will
amount to about §100,000, partly covered by
insurance.
All the physicians of the vicinity had been
summoned to attend, when the conditio* of the
men had been ascertained. The affair has cast
a gloom upon the whole community, and busi
ness is almost entirely suspended. Tha miners
only resumed work to-day, after a suspension of
three months. Among the men hi-tbe mines It
Mr. Hughes, the Superintendent . .
10 a. m.—After the rubbish from. the. bottom
of the shaft was cleared away, two men de
scended te a bucket and sent word up to send
down a pick and shovel to clear the doors with.
The bucket was brought up and two men started
down with the tools. As they started, the men
at the bottom requested them to hnriy, and os
reaching the bottom both were'found dead. No
hopes are entertained for the men in the shaft.
AU are supposed to have periehed. Tbe black
damp is very bad here.
From- Monroe tloumty,. ■>
The Advertiser of the 7 th, has the following:
The amount of cotton which has been brought
to Forsyth thus early in the season is simply
astonishing. On- the 5th of September, 1868,
flie first of the sew crop -was brought to that
market Up to yesterday, one hundred bales of’
this year’s crop-had been received in Forsyth.
This comparison will give some- idea of the ef
fect of the unfavorable seasons of .the past
.month. The crop is premature, and will fsQ .
fully one-half short of the usual yield.
We learn from Mr. Jas. M. White that the
caterpillar made its appearance in his cotton last
Sunday, and is playing havoc with his crop.
Up to that time his prospects were better than
most of his neighbors, his crop being planted
on bottom lands. M the caterpillars, however,
continue to make headway as they have for the
past few days, his ootton will be ruined
The farmers of Pike are very blue about the
prospect of the cotton crop. It is the same old
tale—dry weather, rust, etc. The crop through
out Monroe, Pike and the surrounding counties
President’s Father.—Well, it was during the
war that a lot of Radical Abolitionists and fa
natics got themselves into the Republican party, ^
and have ruled it ever since. Them and those | jg opening very fast, and farmers are busy pick,
carpet-sackers, who went down there to steal, j j n g ou ^
have foisted this thing on the pimple of the Th Monroo Agricultural Society held a phb-
States. The StateB could have been a great ^ . .. „ , . a ,
deal better constructed without it, and there ; l ,c discussion on immigration last Saturday,
will be trouble about it yet, while Virginia and ! Opposed to it—Col. Pinckhard and Judge Phin*
Tennessee have as good as voted against it now. j in favor—Dr. Lawton and Geo. W. Ad-
If I had my way, and it could be P^ceably am8 Adjourned for further debate, without 4
done I d divide the country into two separate < j ec j s £ on# , ,
nations. It would be better for both. I’d
draw a line from the eastern border of Texas to ; The following statement was telegraphed front -'
Alaska, anfl1 put all west of that under a^eparate j Washington on the 3d instant:
government. Id have treaties of amity and f ° • •*-■■-•■.v. ^
commerce between the two nations like those : was held ^to-night m one of the
between the States, and free trade, or pretty wards, by black Republicans, at. which it wa«
near so. The people would live more peaoe- stated that there was great suffering, reaehlng
ably and be more happy. The Western nation almost actual starvation, among the negroes,
could take Mexico and all south of that, and the It was shown that the corporation had not been
eastern take Canada. Canada is bound to be able to pay the negroes who had worked on th* *
onrsany wav, some day; bnt we don’t want streets for three months, and that the city ia
Cuba or‘Mexico. bankrupt. The Mayor was further charged
Reporter. The General never took much in- with having swindled Uie city out of etevu
terest in politics before now, did he ? thousand dollars. Property holders here are so
President’s Father. Ha never said much, no disheartened, that, the Baltimore Bun, of thia
more than he does now; but he always watched morning, says they are selling here at a aaexi- .
closely, and knew what was going on. fice and moving to that city, .* ’
ultsses WILL HANG on to thk white house. ^ % baE d of robbers operating te the
Beporter. I suppose Gen. Grant will be sick neighborhood of Sand Mountain, te Alabama,
of the place before his time expires, and will not Tll ey waylay travelers and take their horses,
care to have it another term. watches, etc. ’1
President’s Father. I don’t know. He won’t a wt.t. will be offered in the next Congress to; “
want to retire from public life while he is so make two States of Tennessee by separating the
young. It would go pretty hard with him, I middle and western divisions front the eastern,’
think, to give up the W hite House. j There are at present only twenty-eight oon-
■ ;— victs in the penitentiary te Alabama,. the bat- •'
The Loss of Weight in Cotton.—The qnes- once being at work on the different railroad*. -
tion of the lesa sustained by cotton under the hla. Spurgeon, tea recent sermon, referred. *
ordinary action of the atmosphere is an inter- to the velocipede, saying that tbasq new raven-
esting one to growers and cotton dealers, and Rons which the lads were riding down our
experiments te reference to it will be viewed streets would not keep up unless they were kept ;
with attention. Our fellow-citizen, John H. going • the moment they stopped they f«U down;
Holmes, Esq., cotton broker, Boyce & Co.’s and in this they were exceedingly like th* ’
wharf, has purchased a bale of new cotton, Chrintian church, which would fail unless it wss \*
grown in Orangeburg county, in this State, constantly moving on.
classedfulllowmiddling, and weight 419 pounds. The San Franciseo Balletin says tbe Chinese
This bale has been put on a scale in his office, gnnflay^chool ia thatc&ty “i» ia-a flourishing
and will have a thermometer near it, the range ooadition, bnt its attendaooe wonld be much •
of which will be noted twice each day, the char- jf the Chinese did not fear the attacks
acterofthe weather and *he direction of the r ,g i , na m the atre^t. 1 *
wmdwiU be recorded, and ‘he tossorgate of MarrIAo* of firat Conans will be iltegal te N*W .
the bale will be written down regularly. Ine ^ w fu*^.****
bale will be retained te this position tor twelve Hampshire on ehnstmM and tUmafte^
The housekeeper of Geoq*aN**id%*ald to&» '
... puruiub i v .
It is said to be a common practice in Pans ro • ignorant is like a pondorous weapon in the fee-
hire poor people to attend fashionable churches, grasp of a child, the Governors of all Dis-
so that the preachers may say that they always t rlc t s ero required to prove that a sufficient
have • crowded houses. Two or three hous pay num (j er 0 f intelligent men is living within their
for a worshipper. ’ *i~- : - I jurisdiction. This is a wise precaution, strange-,—. t- m ^ ^
Avdsew Johnson fins' gone to Bed Sulphur ly contrasting with other countries, where that! months, in order to test thoroughly the Iom or the h usexeepe .
ng*, M.icon county, 'Tonu., for his health. boon indiscriminately is bestowed upon the gam by atmoephenc action.—Charleston Acics. UST
* ."** " * ■'• " !«V- '> 'f f'Xi. -Jji'- »<*».>' ■>
JW.i
- i.