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B THE COUNTRY HOME\
|| Women on the Farm |
Conducted By Mrs. IV. H. Felton.
+ Correspondence on home topics or +
+ subjects of especial interest to wo- ♦
4 men is Invited. Inquiries or letters ♦
4> should be brief and clearly written +
4> tn ink on one side of the sheet. ♦
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HIIIIIHH
WOMANKIND.
I do not say that Womankind
Is vanity; nor am I blind
To any virtue of her sex.
But this I am certain of—she checks
Man's aspiration for the things
His loftiest ambition brings.
She strives to hold him back when he.
Inspired by that Divinity
XtYileh shapes our ends, is urged to take
The dangerous hazard for the sake
Os greater gain tn wealth and name;
Nor does it seem to her a shame
When he rejects those strong appeals
For her sweet sake; because she feels
That she. by some predestined plan.
Is truly Heaven's beet gift to man.
L'ENVOI.
And when he thinks of her as his.
He knows she's all she feels she Is.
WILLIAM J. LAMPTON.
The Squeeze on Bread and Meat.
While the British authorities in Eng
land have taxed every loaf of bread in the
United Kingdom to raise funds to carry
on the war in South Africa against a free
dom-loving people, the speculators. in
America have raised the price of meat in
this country until it is entirely out of the
reach of the very poor—in the United
States
When it comes-to twenty-five cents a
pound for beef steak in Georgia, the meat
bamns have just about placed the poor
people of the state where the laborers in
various European countries have been for
a long time.
In some European countries there are
homes where the taste of meat is un
known to both parents and children. A
number of such countries have statistics
to show that meat is entirely out of reach
of the ill-paid laboring classes. They
cannot use it at all.
It seems we are verging on to the same
state or condition, when meat has risen
in price until the poor are debarred from
These reflections call to mind the condi
tion of Ireland fifty odd years ago. In
the words of a historian of good repute:
•The vast majority of the working pop
ulation of Ireland were known to depend
absolutely on the potato for subsistence.
In the northern province, where the pop
ulation were of Scotch extraction, the oat
meal. the brose of their ancestors, still
supplied the staple of their food: but in
the southern and western provinces a
large proportion of the peasantry actually
lived on the potato and the potato alone.
In those districts whole generations grew
up. lived, married and passed away with
out ever having tasted flesh meat. A fail
ure tn the potato crop would be equivalent
t<? famine. Many laborers received little
or no money wages. They lived on what
Was called the ‘cottier tenant system.' A
man worked for a land owner on condition
of getting a little scrap of land for him
self on which to grow potatoes to be the
sole food of himself and his family. The
news came in the autumn of 1845 that the
long continuance of sunless wet and cold
bad imperilled. If not already destroyed,
the food of a people.”
Not a county in Ireland wholly escaped
this potato disease, and tn the south and
west actual famine set in. •
Famine fever—a peculiar disease—began
to show Itself everywhere. A terrible dys
entery set in as well, and in some districts
hundreds died daily from fever, dysen
tery or sheer starvation. The coroners de
clared it had become impossible to keep on
bolding inquesta
Crimes and violence attended this fam
ine and destruction; bread riots took
place, and poor Ireland drank from a full
cup of woe to its lowest dregs.
It was Indelibly impressed on my mind
(for the tidings came to America when I
was small* that human beings in Ire
land were dying of literal starvation. I
heard the dear ones In my own home talk
of this sad distress as we sat down to a
full meal.
I knew of their efforts to get corn and
flour carried to the place where it was
to be shipped across the Atlantic to poor
old starving Ireland. In my childhood's
imaginings I prayed for the ship to go
quickly and carry this food that our own
pedple were contributing and I listened
y
I THE S
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THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL,
Atlanta, Ox
for tidings from the far-oft Emerald Isle
with an anxious mind.
When the word came that those help
less, starving poor, raised up from pallets
of starvation to weep for joy that the ship
was in sight, I know there was born in a
little child's heart a burning desire to
rescue the oppressed and to protect the
needy that has never abated to this good
hour of my life. In season and out of
season, my heart has been thrilled with
the hope that the poor homes of our na
tive landFmlght be lifted up and out of
squallor. hunger and apathy!
An English historian says: "The United
States employed some of their war vessels
to send gifts of grain and other food to
the starving places. In one Irish seaport
the joy bells of the town were kept ring
ing all day in honor of the arrival of one
of these grain-laden vessels—a mournfully
significant form of rejoicing surely.”
With a tax on every loaf of bread in
England, and meat in America still climb
ing out of reach in price, it seems the
time has come to ask ourselves some very
serious questions on certain subjects
which press themselves on our attention.
Taxing bread to get munitions of war to
shoot down the Boers tn South Africa
smacks of barbarism restored, and corner
ing the meat market in America to extort
all the wages of the poor of our own land
indicates one of the patent evils of im
perialism in both America and in Eng
land.
It all comes from greed of conquest.
The English are in this country buying up
mules, we know, and the meat packers
can doubtless a tale unfold of the profit in
the business with 10.000 American troops
in the Philippine islands, riding rough
shod over the helpless Filipinos, with the
torch and bayonet iq either hand. These
armies must be supported and the big fish
are simply eating up the little ones.
The "full dinner-pail” In America seems
to be wanting in meat, while American
soldiers are burning up the subsistence of
those freedom-loving Filipinos in wanton
vandalism.
It is painful to think about. It is alarm
ing to recollect that all this tyranny must
be returned to us in "meal or malt." We
will reap what we sow.
It has reached a place whore our people
are beginning to realize that “those who
dance must pay the piper.” We feel the
tyranny of war.
The administration may not be able to
check the present mad rush toward com
mercial imperialism.
Old England may expect bread riots and
much lawless remonstrance so long as the
loaf is made to pay a heavy part of its
value to keep up a war on the defenseless
women and children in South Africa.
This is bringing the matter home to
every day comprehension.
May God help us to see our duty to
ourselves in this emergency!
A Word to Mr. Crumpacker.
Dear Sir: Your resolution to secure the
appointment of a search committee to ex
amine the southern states for the purpose
of discovering whether colored people are
fairly treated by the whites, will doubt
less pass with a majority vote, as the
notorious ship subsidy bill passed the sen
ate.
“Let him take who has the power
And let him keep, who can,”
is the motto of your party at this present
time. When your Committee is appointed
with yourself in chief captain's place upon
the same, I beg you for only a single
privilege, I ask for only one condition to be
incorporated in the charier or scope of the
committee, as it passes the house of repre
sentatives in Washington City. Let the
committee be authorized to sit at La Jun
ta, Colorado, and make inquiry as to the
lynching of a colored man a few weeks
ago. Then go to Leavenworth, Kansas,
and take testimony in the case of the ne
gro man who outraged a little white girl
and was burned alive by the indignant
citizens of that community. The federal
prison is close by where you can incar
cerate the offenders while you take down
the testimony.
Then move down to Akron. Ohio—that
state of Simon-pure Hannaism and stanch
Republicanism—and probe an affair of a
similar class and kind, and give the pub
lic the solid facts and your remedy for
Ohio lynching bees with negro victims.
If you have time, go to Pana, Illinois,
call Former Governor Tanner as a wit
ness. Ask why he, as chief executive of
that state, forced the negro miners to
leave, threatening a gattllng gun as a mo
tor to secure a speedy exit.
Or halt a brief spell in New York City
and force whites and blacks to eat at the
same tables, entertain in same club rooms,
and lodge in the same hotels at the same
prices and with similar accommodations.
Rectify that error, won't you?
Be sure to clean around your own door
steps in Indiana state, where blacks are
not welcomed into hotels or public schools
by the white race. A few years ago live
white men were lynched in Indiana for
stealing heifers. Be sure to discuss mob
violence in your travels, because the gov
ernment must foot your bills, and you, at
least, will lose no money by a fair deal
with all these places mentioned to you in
this reminder of your duty to the govern
ment which gives you such g fine support
while you wrestle with your subject of
race equality.
When you pass Mason and Dixon's line
in your investigation, be sure to make
your example and precept tally. Don't
patronize a single hotel or ride in a car
where the colored brother does not occu
py a room and eat near you. while he
brings his complaint to your notice.
If you propose to put "black heels on
white necks,” let Sambo's feet make a
trial test, and you can then tell how good
it feels on your own anatomy. Sauce for
the goose is good for the gander.
But the Colorado Incident is so fresh in
mind and so near in date, don't forget to
make those disorderly white folks quiver
in every limb for daring to put one of your
colored brethren to some inconvenience,
when they passed him on to his final de
serts at La Junta. Be sure to call the
aged woman as a witness, and then don’t
forget to ask that Colorado should lose
one or two representatives in congress be
cause the negro car porter had swift jus
tice dealt out to him. By the time you
chronicle these preliminary investigations,
then you will be prepared to call witnesses
in every southern state and find out how
much better it is to prevent race friction
by fewer ballots rather than in Kansas
and Colorado by frequent lynchings and
horrible* burnings. When you come south
do advertise your appearance and your
intention to equalize yourself to the con
ditions surrounding the colored man,
whose suppressed vote gives you so much
concern.
Otherwise you cannot put yourself in his
place and understand his deprivations. It
Is impossible otherwise. Os course the
public comprehends that Mr. Crumpacker
wants some negro votes in Indiana and he
is bluffing for party effect. Having prom
ised to become a modern Moses to lead
the colored voter into the Canaan of so
cial equality with southern whites, it Is
only fair to the white and colored con
tingent that you shall, my dear sir, taste
the draught that you would press to an
other's lips.
I am not prepared to say that you will
be requested to occupy quarters with the
colored brethren when you bring your
committee to this section, but it would be
eminently fair to give you some valuable
information, which such an experience
would afford you.
One thousand and forty million gallons
of beer brewed yearly in the United King
dom equals the total amount brewed by
America, France and Austria. •
□HE bhMpvv bbuLf JOUKNAL, ATLANTA, CrEORGiA, JUN 4 16, 1902.
Unwritten Chapters in Georgia history.
BY GEORGE G. SMITH, VI nevi lie, Georgia.
THE INTEREST aroused by
my homely stories of the old
counties has led to the request
that I continue them, and so
I give now the story of
Greene and Hancock.
When the revolution was in progress
the two tribes of Indians who had
hunting grounds in Georgia, the Creeks
and Cherokees, sympathized with the
British. They were severely dealt with
by the whigs and after the war ended
were forced to cede all that fine body
of land lying east of the Oconee river
from its head waters to its mouth to
the state of Georgia. This included that
of Georgia south of Rabun and north
of Camden county and between the
Ogechee and the Oconee rivers. Two
counties were made, Washington,
whose northward boundary was Cher
okee, Conner and Franklin, which
stretched to the mountains. The next
year Greene was cut off from Wash
ington. It included a part of Wilkes,
all of Hancock, a part of Oglethorpe
and a part of Warren and Talliaferro.
It was a magnificent domain, and al
though it was on the exposed fron
tier It was so attractive that it was
rapidly peopled. The new’ comers were
all Virginians and North Carolinians.
Many of them were from North Caro
lina. The North Carolinians made a
settlement on Shoulderbone creek and
on the Oconee river. Samuel Ried
and his sons, John, Alexander and
Samuel, ahd his brothers, Andrew.
Alexander and George; the Abercrom
bries, Hugh Hall, the Brantleys and
Hargroves, all came from North Caro
lina and settled on Shoulderbone and
on the river. The Indians were not
at all reconciled to the cession of their
lands and soon there was a border
war. The state had to rely on its mi
litia and in Wilkes and Greene com
panies of horse guards were organiz
ed. Forts were built along the river
and the mother of Bishop Hargrove
was born in one of these forts. The
Indians made forays and killed some
of the settlers and drove off their stock
and their negroes to Alabama, but still
the tide of immigration rolled on.
These settlers were of the best class
of southern yoemanry. There were few
of them who had ten negroes, but many
who had from three to five. I find in
1875 among the earliest settlers the
Ashmores, Fitzpatricks, Andrews,
Baytop, Alfred. Abercrombie. Alexan
der. Autrey, Hunter, Johnston, Rodg
ers, Lawrence, Ashfield, HUI, Hall,
Crawford, Coleman, Criddle, Wardlaw,
Marks, Adair, McNeil, McCoy, ‘ Elder,
Alleson, Gibb. Armor, Dickson,.
These names are those of the best
families of Virginia and North Caro
lina, and they will be found now in all
the southern states. In the list of land
grants in an old book in the clerk's
office I And a list of those to whom
land was granted before the year 1800,.
which shows who were some of the
earliest settlers in Greene and Han
cock. In addition to those mentioned
above there were A. Boland, Charles
Burke, Thomas Booker, Andrew and
James Baxter, John Buchanan, 8. Bra
zeal, William Buford. John Booth. Wil
liam and Stephen and James Bishop,
George Bayby. Job Bankston. Thomas
Brantley, William Buckhalter, Nathan
Burnett, Sam Burnett, Samuel Brown,
Thomas Baldwin, William Barnard.
Thomas Bonner, Samuel Bellah. Wil
liam Canny. Nathe Cocke, Abner Coch
ran, Charles Cissnaro, Arch Gresham,
Josiah Carter, Henry Graybill, Peter
Coffee, Matt Garfton, Daniel Conner,
Thomas Grimes, Couplln Coulston,
Miles Gathrlght, John Cane. Humphrey
Graves, Joseph Cooper, George Gray,
Cato Sterling, James Graham, John
Curtright, Bey Gilbert. Peter Car
bright, Aaron Grier, Duncan Cameron,
Major Thomas Harris George Cowan,
James and Joshua Hangton, Charles
Carroll. Thomas. Evan, James and Mi
chael Harvey, William Daniel. Newday
Ousley, Alex and Simon Dunn, Sarah
Haggerty, Joseph and George Dawson,
Davis Harrison, Walter Ellace Rob
ert Hill, Rich Earley, Jacob Hogg,
Robert Flournoy. James Hardwick.
Benjamin ’and William Fitzpatrick,
'William Johnson, John Garrett, Isaac
Jackson. R. Greene, Hugh Jones,
Thomas Greene. John Killgore, Wil
liam Greene. Henry Kerr (Carr)
Thomas Lanier, Levi Lancaster, Wil
liam Maddox, Robert Middleton, Anom
Ried. John McKay, Samuel Ried,
Andrew McComb, John Ried. Hallard
Middleton. George Ried, William Mc-
Clelland, Math Rabun, General Moore,
Joseph Ratchford. Joel McClendon,
John Ragan, Robert Moreland. rizekel
Robinet, W iam Milton, Josh Reese,
M. Mullens. Joseph Spradling. David
Mitcheu, T. Simonton, Rich Newton,
James and Henry Stewart, James Nis
bett, Dave Spatters, John Nelms, John
Swqpson, Joshua William and Joseph
Phillips. James Scarlet, J. H. Pritch
ard. William. John and Archibald
Smith, Oliver Porter, Matthew Stone,
James Palmer, John Swinney, Daniel
Parker, Isaac Stocks. James Plnkard,
Thomas Steward, Benjamin Posey,
Samuel Slaughter. Reuben Slaughter,
■William Hunt, Jesse Thompson, Joseph
Taylor, Thomas Trammell, Robert
Thompson, Samuel Townsend, James
Thweat, John Hankeney, William,
Ben. Jack Thompson, Robert Thornton,
Robert Thompson, Ezekiel. John, Jesse
Vengry, John P. Wagnor, William
"Willoughby, Curtis and Thomas Wel
born, Ethelred and Juathew Wood,
Silas Williams, John Wall, William
Washington, John Wilson, Daniel
"Whatley, John and William Wilson,
Thomas Warbutton, Ab. Warmack,
Thomas and George White, James
Ware. William Walker, James Wood.
This long list of names will not be
dead reading to many of The Journal
subscribers, and to any one who knows
Georgia it will be of interest. Colonel
Albert H. Cox, Governor Candler, Dr.
Bolin, Sapnett, Mr. W. Grant and
scores of other people in Atlanta will
find the names of their ancestors in
this list. Bishop Hargrove's grand
father is among those mentioned. Mrs.
Bishop Candler's ancestor is there.
The founder of the famous Georgia
Nlsbetts is there. The ancestor of
Mark A. Cooper is in this list. These
people settled close together when the
lands were good. They had a long
way to go to the nearest trading post,
and they bought little. They lived in
their cabins, and raised stock. Things
were too uncertain for even the courts
to hold regular sessions for some time
after the country was laid out, but
it was organized by 1787 and the first
estate was settled. It was Dorothy
Ashford's. She had 50 bushels corn at
25 cents a bushel, 1 bay mare, 1 cow
and calf, 1 heifer, hogs. Among other
articles a bale, a mug, a washtub and
a churn, 200 acres, £75 .
Mr. Jackson, 1798, had 12 negroes. The
first circuit court was held in 1797 and
Judge Henry Osborne was chief jus
tice. The first grand jury was Thimas
Harris, David Love. Walton Harris,
Davis Gresham, John A. Miller, Wil
liam Fitzpatrick, William Heard, Moses
Shelby. James Jenkins, Robert Bald
win, William Shelby, Jesse Connell,
Joseph Spradling, William Daniel.
There was only a hut for a jail and
the courthouse was of logs and unfit
for public business.
The whiskey sellers were on the
ground selling whisky without a li
cense and injuring the revenue. There
was swearing, drinking, gambling and
dancing during court, much to the an
noyance of the grand jury. Four men
were convicted of forgery and con
demped to be hanged, one of man
slaughter was to be branded, and one
petty larceny was to be whipped.
The cake, beer and cider wagons
came too close to the courthouse and
were to be at least 50 yards away.
The chief offense was fighting and
the fines were from 23 to $lO.
Joseph Smith’s will is worth repro-
ducing just as he wrote it. He says:
"First I allow my waggon to oe sold
and one of my horse critters and the
mill irons and surveying instruments.
His wife is to be supported by son Dan
iel as long as she remains In a family
capacity. After that all was to be
divided.'* He had a wagon, surveying
instruments. 17 cows, 4 horses, 3 testa
ments, 3 sermon books. 4 1-2 yards of
gray cloth. One will notice the failure
to mention any articles of furniture.
Caleb Brasfield had in 1790 6 negroes,
8 head of horse critters, 43 calves, 135
hogs, 4 sheep, 6.921 pounds tobacco.
The furniture oi an average house
was very scarce. Stephen Parker had
2 puter basins, 1 chest, 1 iron pot and
hooks, 1 gilt trunk, 1 loom and gun.
1 table, 1 woolen w"heel, 1 pale and 2
piggins. 4 churns, 1 churn, 1 tab, 1
linen wheel.
Duke Glenn had 18 negroes.
Many whose estates are recorded had
a few negroes.
Francis Moreland, ancestor of Mrs.
D. W. Sheer and Dr. Moreland, of
Moreland Park, had IT. Thomas Car
son, 3; Henry Trippe, 9; William Bur
ford, 9; Edward Wade, 8; Joshua Hor
ton, 6 Acqullla Greer, 6; James
Veazy. 8; Thomas Watts, 24.
In 1791 Ephriam Vaughn had as an
estate ' some stockings, waistcoats,
farm tools, some jack knives, 30 gal
lons rum, 5 pounds coffee, 25 pounds
sugar
Sometimes the estates were pitifully
small. Jacob Woodall had 1 flax wheel,
1 cotton wheel, 1 old musket, 1 bond
for £7.
Toward the end of the century they
had been able to set up their stills
and Abram Burnett, who died in 1792,
left 100 gallon sul!. 4 Bibles, 2 testa
ments, 2 volumes Watts' hymns, 1
Boston's fourfold state, 12 books on
divinity, 2 on laws, 3 on physic.
One estate is evidently that of an old
bachelor, Levi Newton. It was 1 new
suit, 2 gowns, 2 petticoats, 2 jackets,
1 red cloak, 1 hat ana 1 pair of shoe
buckles.
There was great abundance of every
thing to eat and I found a bill for
boarding, schooling and clothing Polly
Mosely one y«.ar 252.43. Boarding Polly
1 year 230, schooling 22, 3 yards ribbon
18 3-4 cents, a necklace 87 1-2 cents.
This was before the beginning of
the last century and before the cotton
Industry began. the first quarter
of that century a great change came
over the people, and the days of lavish
living and of fine equipages and hand
some homes was ushered in, but I did
not propose to tell of those days in
this article. I have been not a little
aroused and my historical conscience
sadly shocked at the evident unwill
ingness of some excellent people to
hear the plain truth about our humble
beginnings. No finer people ever lived
than the middle Georgians, but men
of abundant wealth would not be apt
to go into the frontier and live In a log
cabin, and the luxuries of modern life
could not well be found far from city
and market. So the people lived
plainly and worked hard, but they had
good preachers and schools from the
beginning, and from this stock has
sprung the sturdiest people of Georgia,
Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas and
Texas.
Million* of People
in the past sixty years all over the world
cotfid testify to the sterling worth of Painkiller
made by Perry Davis as an unfailing remedy
for coughs, colds, bronchitis. Try it when you
have those cold chills In your back. It Is a
pleasant drink when prepared according to di
rections.
WHAT DR. TARUS FORESEES.
R. PAUL CARUB, president of the
k Folklore Association, in a recent
I lecture on Chinese literature, said
' that the Chinese, the Hebrews and
the Saxons are the three toughest
D
races, and that they would survive all
others.
Speaking of the population and condi
tion of big cities, such as London, New
York and Chicago, a thousand years
hence, Dr. Carus said: .
"If we judge from the preesnt condi
tions it seems that these three races—
the Saxons, the Jews and the Chinese—
for various reasons are gaining ground
everywhere, and maintaining themselces
better than others in the struggle for ex
istence.
“The Saxon is distinguished by natural
strength, by courage, by his unusual fight
ing capacity, by his ability as a leader in
the affairs of both peace and war, and
by bold progressiveness.
"The Jew possesses adaptlbillty, suave
and smooth buslnes smethods, with which
he sometimes attains a better success
than the Saxon with his bold spirit. At
the same time, the Jew is willing to en
dure the buffets of fortune; he possesses
much self-control and resents offenses
in silence and without showing resent
ment. He is thrifty without being neces
sarily stingy; he is sober to abstemious
ness, and Jewish family relations are
above reproach.
“The Chinese are excluded from the
United States because the presen inhabi
tants fear to enter Into competition with
believe that the Chinese will remain ex
cluded by law for a long time to come,
and will be admitted only when the dan
ger or the fear that they would crowd out
the Aryan races has passed. The Chinese
do not possess the Saxon faculty of forc
ing their entrance into other countries
by means of war, and so they will not be
able, when excluded from certain terri
tories. to seek and find their natural right
of self-assertion by force.
"The Jew has had for the first time a
chance to make his influence felt In the
them. They are patient and ( enduring,
frugal and industrious; they can live at
very small expense and can prosper on
wages on which European and American
laborers must starve. They do not pos
sess the vigor of the Saxon nor his In
ventive spirit, but they make up for it in
the faculty of imitation, and thus they
spread and multiply rapidly in every coun
try to which they are admitted.
"As to the of the great cities, 1
United States, and we see positively tnat
the Jewish contingent of our population
is increasing both In number and influ
ence.
“The Jews would (as anti-Semites fear)
actually become a danger to the Saxon
race, which is at preesnt practically In
possession of the balance of power,
were It not for the fact that in the meas
ure in which they assert their Influence
the Jews came to be typical Jews—vis.,
Jews of that unpleasant type which the
‘Jew baiter' proposes to persecute.
“The Jews by their very adaptlbillty as
similate themselves to the Anglo-Saxons,
for the longer they live among them the
more they learn from them. Even now
there are a great number of Jewish fami
lies that have been living for only two
or three generations in this country among
whom the typically Semitic type has all
but completely disappeared, and It would
be very difficult to recognize them were
they to mix in Gentile society.
“As soon as the time comes when the
Chinese will be‘admitted to the United
States on equal terms and partake of a
free competition with the other nationali
ties, I trust that the conditions will be
quite similar to those In the case of the
Jews. In the measure that they take hold
of affairs, in the measure that they mul
tiply and gain in Influence, will their
character change; they will lose their typ
ical Chinese features and be gradually
transformed into a race that will more
and more become indistinguishable from
the others.
"The Saxon himself will also undergo
a mollification; he will learn from other
races; he will accept the Jews’ business
acumen; he will learn patience from the
Chinese; and so the outcome of the
whole evolution will be a fusion of race
traits, 'which need not necessarily be the
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Needs of Popular Education In America.
BY WILLIA M DE WITT HYDE, President of Bowdoin College.
(From The Chicago Chronicle.!
Education aims to train the pupil to do
three things—to earn a living, to support
the institutions of society and to enjoy
the products of art and civilization by the
cultivation of the mind and taste. This
three-fold standard requires of the ele
mentary school, first of all, to preserve
the child in vigorous health, untouched by
needless nervousness over results and un
conscious of either digestion or stomach.
It calls for power of hand and eye to ap
preciate and make beautiful objects. He
ought to be surrounded by an atmosphere
of ordered freedom. To have a room bad
ly ventilated and to hold before the child
a vision of anxiety as to his rank on a
pasteboard card is to commit the worst
crime possible for the public school.
Reading should teach not only how to
read, but also the reading habit. Arith
metic should be restricted to limits of
probable utility for the average person.
Geography should start with actual ob
servation of phenomena, and thus based,
would help the workman, the citizen, and
the man. History should grow out of
myth and biography into the story of
national life, and should teach the way
liberties were won. Mere memory should
hold an incidental and subordlante place.
The power to tell a connected story and
to trace the sequence of cause and effect
should be the chief aim of recitation. It
is hard to see how one can live a happier
life or cast a wiser vote because of a lot
of disconnected names of kings and dates
packed away in the mind somewhere.
Science should be training in observation,
reasoning and aroused curiosity.
Promotion should be frequent and irreg
ular, with encouragement and opportunity
to bright scholars to skip the lower
grades. No bright boy ought to be ex
pected to go through all the lower grades,
giving a year to each. Examinations
should be a test of power Instead of mere
acquisition, and the chief stress on what
a pupil can do rather than on what he
remembers. It would be as sensible to
test a boy’s mind by the number of things
remembered as it would to test a month’s
Filipinos Are In Favor of Their Independence.
Sixto Lopez, in an article in Gunton’s
Magazine for June, makes answer to the
query "Do the Filipinos Desire Ameri
can Rule?” He says in part:
"By far the most Important question is
as to whether the Filipinos are or are not
in favor of American rule. Therein lies
the essence of the present dispute, for if
the Filipinos, or even a substantial ma
jority of them, were favorable to Ameri
can rule, the moral and the political side
of the question could be settled without
doing injustice to the Filipinos or Injury
to those principles of democracy upon
which America justly prides herself. It
is, therefore, natural and signlficent that
strenuous efforts have been made, and
are being made, by those who have an
interest in a continuance of the present
policy, to show that the Filiplpos are in
favor of "the blessings of American
rule.”
DO NOT FAVOR AMERICANS.
"Yet, notwithstanding these efforts, the
weight of evidence tends in the opposite
direction. Thus, General MacArthur, by
far the ablest of the military men who
have, been in the Philippines, declares in
his last official report that, with the ex
ception of the Moros, the population of the
‘entire archipelago' are favorable to the
views expressed by their military leaders.
General Hughes and Major General Bates
bear direct and indirect testimony to the
same effect, the former declaring that the
800,000 inhabitants of the island of Panay
'are a unit against us.’ Ope who Is re
ferred to as ‘a distinguished officer,’ and
whose name for obvious reasons cannot be
given, is quoted by George Kennan in the
Outlook as having said: 'The thing that
impressed itself most deeply upon me, first
and last, was the unchanging, unrelenting,
implacable hostility of all classes of Filipi
nos toward the Americans,’ and that ‘the
resistance that we are encountering on the
island of Luzon is that of a whole people.’
Many such statements as these could be
given, all of which are confirmed by the
otherwise inexplicable fact that the re
sistance of the American forces has been
kept up for more than three years by a
practically unarmed people, the success of
whose ‘unique system of warfare’ accord-
result of a fusion of blood. A fusion of
blood will accelerate the process, but a
fusion of spirit will be sufficient to ac
complish the result of a new and (let us
hope) a higher composite race.
"At any rate, the human race tends to
unity. The races will disappear and the
genus homo will be accomplished. But
the type of the future will not be the
abolition of one or another race with race
characteristics, but rather their combina
tion in a higher unity. And the best quali
ties of thees toughest races will, tn this
process of merging, become the most im
portant traits and characteristics of the
earth’s future population.”
What’s the Matter with Atlanta.
Memphis Commercial-Appeal.
Now. all this is going on. Galveston.
Tex., claims that real, genuine lava, over
one hundred proof, has come through the
air to it from Martinique. Louisiana has
discovered a mud gusher that is throwing
out as warm an article as may be found
anywhere: in the bed of a dry creek in
Pennsylvania a small volcano has burst
out and is throwing up hot mud and
rocks, at a furious rate; a volcano in Gua
temala has managed to kill one hundred
thousand people: a three-legged hen has
been discovered In Hoboken; Paris is luxu
riating in the Humbert swindle, the most
stupendous and successful rascality of the
age; California boasts a twin pumpkin of
well defined opposite sexes; other parts
board by the quantity a person could
throw up at the end of a month in re
sponse to an emetic.
Discipline should rest on freedom and
not on force, assuming right intentions
and appealing to reason and good will.
The teacher should know the parent* and
the pupil in their homes.
The new curriculum and the new dis
cipline for elementary schools is at length
theoretically accepted. The difficulty is
to get the teachers. The new curriculum
and the new spirit require the teacher in
both knowledge and character to be years
in advance of the pupil. A good teacher
with a poor course is better than a poor
teacher with a good cour«e. •
As it is today, the public school is vast
ly better than the elongated private kin
dergartens which cater to the children of
the rich; and, unless imperative consid
erations prevent, the public school is the
place where every American boy and girl
ought to be trained.
The American public high school is the
unique America contribution to education.
When emancipated from narrow college
domination in the substance, yet inspired
by college examinations in the quality of
its courses, wisely adapted to the various
needs of its' pupils, generously supported
by taxpayers, who believe the best teach
ing none too good for their children, the
high schools are destined to play a lead
ing part in making America the land of
intelligent workmen, loyal citizens and
happy people.
To send a young man to a private
boarding school for ten or twelve years,
away from the responsibilities and duties
of home, is to give him su?h a training
that will probably unfit him for a place
in any home.
State universities are the logical comple
tion of a public school system. In pioneer
conditions of both east and west they
have done splendid service. They have a
great future.
The besetting sin of higher education
is the tendency to resort to devices which
get something out of everybody. It is
easier to put grammar and philology into
Ing to General MacArthur, 'depends upon
almost complete unity of action of the
entire natiye population.’ And if further
confirmation be needed, it will be found in
the significant fact that only a few
months ago it was necessary to enact the
so-called sedition law, under which it is
penal for any Filipino in the entire archi
pelago to say a word against American
sovereignty or in favor of Philippine in
dependence.
GOVERNOR TAFT’S TESTIMONY.
"On the other hand, the Schurman com
mission declares that the Filipinos 'do not,
in the opinion of the commission, gener
ally desire independence.’ but that 'it
would be a misrepresentation of the facts
not to report that ultimate independence
• • ’ is the aspiration and goal of the
intelligent Filipinos.’
"Governor Taft has reported nothing, as
far as I know, about this aspiration for
ultimate Independence, and has, therefore,
according to the Schurman commission,,
misrepresented the facts. On the con
trary ,he declares without any qualifica
tion that a majority of the Filipinos are in
favor of American sovereignty.
"Now, I have no desire to Impugn the
honesty or the good intentions of Gov
ernor Taft. When he makes the above
statement I have no doubt he regards it as
true. But the explanation of his error
will be found in the fact that no Filipino
is allowed to express opinions in favor of
Philippine independence. All such ex
pressions. whether in the native press or
through any other channel, have all along
and by the recent sedition law been pro
hibited as being Inimical to the success of
the so-called 'pacification of the islands.'
The American authorities have thus plac
ed a seal upon the lips of every Filipino
who is opposed to American rule, and
those only who are favorable to American
sovereignty are allowed to express their
opinions. As a consequence Governor
Taft is surrounded from morning till night
by office-seekers and others who pour into
his ear the sought-for assurance that a
majority of the Filipinos are favorable to
that to which he desires they should be
favorable. He never hears an expression
of the contrary opinion, and consequently
curiosities to attract attention. Even St.
Louis is threatened with an acute at
tack of World’s Fair. And yet all this
time Atlanta remains silent. What can
be the matter? Is the inventive genius
of the country have their sensations and
of the great city slumbering or is it
waiting, like some Memphis wards used
to do on election nights, for all the other
returns to come in so tnat she may give
the country something that will put ev
erything yet reported in the shade? Miss
ing all this advertising is unusual with
Atlanta. We may expect something soon.
No one need be surprised if Atlanta dis
covers an artesian well which throws up
boiled fish and baked chicken. Or may be
Atlanta will amize the world by announc
ing the fact that she has discovered one
of her confidential bookkeepers who has
functioned in high society for years with
out forging the name of a wealthy female
admirer or turning up as a defaulter. It
is up to Atlanta; the country is growing
impatient.
Gentle.
Philadelphia Press.
Walter—How would you like to have
your steak, sir?
Meek Customer (who has been waiting
twenty minutes)—Very much, indeed,
thank you, if it isn't too much trouble.
Too many cooks In one month spoil the
broth.
everybody than literary taste and appre
ciation into a few. These temptations
beset us all. But the state institution is
rather more sorely tempted to yield to
them.
A university can never create a genius
out of one into whom God has not al
ready breathed the breath of artistic life.
But it ought to discover special talent,
and at least not stifle and repress its ex
pression. The elective system, common to
all institutions, is the greatest step In
that direction. ,
And now we come to this question: Is
the public school system a triumph or a
failure? Like all striking formulations Os
men and institutions, it is partly both. It
now advances then retreats.
A system which sets children a formal
task, which attempts to turn them out as
a mass, which puts before them the same
task and expects it to be completed in the
same time, which makes recitation chiefly
a test of memory, and examination one of
flurry and worry, which switches the stu
dent to a track for life before his peculiar
bent is discovered, which has a cast-iron
course, which selects teachers wholly on
the quantitative ability, which drives the
dullei 1 boy from the secondary school to
the offices and the brightest to the law
school, is in every part a dismal failure,
and our duty is to expose it, condemn it,
and redeem it.
But, on the other hand, a system which
gives to the child the keys to beauty and
the treasure house of the whole world,
which opens to him the mystery of plant
and animal, and sea and star; which
watches for the bent of each child; which
seeks for highly trained women and men
as teachers; which goes behind the forms
of words to the meaning of the great
works of art, and grasps details in their
larger significances; which seeks la.
spire love of beauty and goodness in each “
member of a class, is a magnificent im
provement over the old order of things,
and is one of the first fruits of an educa
tional system w’hlch even now we are en
joying, and to which we are all called to
labor. It is the heritage which we can
hope to hand down to our children. 1
he does not know how he is being de
ceived. His testimony cannot, therefore,
be worth as much as that of the officers
in the field who have to face the grim
reality, and who meet with the opinions of
the Filipinos expressed in a forcible man
ner.”
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