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*T regret.” said the manager of the trav
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go jaaka a successful ascent.”
THE STORY OF VESUVIUS
TOLD BY AN EYE-WITNESS
•"Antiquary” in Philadelphia Times.
More than once, in reading the news
stories from the scene of the recent cat
astrophes on Martinique and St. Vincent,
students of the classics must have been
reminded of those famous two letters of
the younger Pliny to the historian, Taci
tus, in which he gives the details of that
eruption of Vesuvius in August of the
year 79 A. D., which destroyed and buried
Pompeii, and tn which the letter wri
ter's uncle lost his life in exactly the
same manner—by suffocation—in which so
many found death in the West Indian is
lands last month. Indeed, with but the
change of names the description of those
letters of the first century might be ap
plied to this disaster of the 30th.
Following are the principal parts of the
two letters, which are numbered 16 and
30 in the sixth book of Pliny's collected
epistles. The translation used is that of
the Earl of Orrery, as published in a Lon
don edition of 1752:
"You are desirous that I should give
you an account of the death of my uncle,
that you may be enabled to transmit it
to posterity with the greater truth. I re
turn you thanks. I foresee that his death,
when celebrated by you. must procure
eternal honor to his name; for, although
his fall was attended by the destruction
of most beautiful territories, seeming, as
it were, destined to be remembered equal
ly with those nations and cities who per
ish by some memorable event; although
he had compiled works both numerous
and lasting, yet the immortality of your
writings will lengthen out the charac
ter which he has established to himself.
•'He was at Mlsenum, where he had the
command of a fleet, which was sta
tioned there. On the ninth of the calends
of September (August 23) about the sev
enth hour (1 o'clock) my mother informed
him that a cloud appeared of unusual
else and shape. After having reposed
himself in the sun and used the cold bath,
he had tasted a slight repast, and was
returned to his studies; he Immediately
called for his sandals and repaired to a
higher point of •view, from whence he
might more plainly discern this prodigy.
The cloud (the spectators could not dis
tinguish at a distance from what moun
tain it arose, but it was afterwards found
to be Vesuvius) advanced in height, nor
can I give you a more just representation
of It than the form of a pine tree; for
springing up in a direct line, like a tall
trunk, the branches were widely distend
ed. I believe, while the vapor was fresh, it
more easily ascended, but when that
vapor was wafted the cloud became loose;
or, perhaps, oppressed by its own gravity,
dilated itself into a greater, breadth.
•‘At times it appeared bright and other
times black and spotted, according to the
quantities of earth and ashes mixed with
IL This was a surprising circumstance,
and it deserved, in the opinion of that
learned man, to be inquired into more
exactly. He commanded a Liburnlan gal
ley to be prepared for him, and made me
an offer of accompanying him if I pleased.
I replied it was more agreeable to me
to pursue my studies, and, as it happened,
he had allotted me something at that
time to write. He went out of the house
with his tablets in his hand. The mari
ners at Retinae, being under consterna
tion at the approaching danger (or that
village was situated under the mountain,
nor were there any means of escaping,
but by sea), entreated him not to ven
ture upon so hazardous an enterprise. He
continued firm to his resolution, and per
formed, with great fortitude of mind,
what he had at first undertaken from
thirst of knowledge.
•‘He commanded the galley to put off
from land, and embarked with a design
not only to relieve the people of Retinae,
but many others in distress, as the shore
was interspersed with a variety of pleas
ant villages. He sailed immediately to
places which were abandoned by other
people,* and boldly held his course in the
face of the danger, so composed as to re
mark distinctly the appearance and prog
ress of this dreadful calamity, and to di
gest and dictate those remarks.
“He now found that the ashes beat
into the ships much hotter and in greater
quantities; and, as he drew nearer, pum
ice stones, with black flints, burnt and
torn up by the flames, broke in upon
them; and now the hasty ebb of the sea
and ruins tumbling from the mountain
hindered their approach to the shore.
Pausing a little upon this, whether he
should not return back, and instigated to
it by the pilot, he cries out: ‘Fortune as
sists the brave; let us make the best of
our way to Pomponianus,' who was then
at Stabiae, and lay opposite to a bay, into
which the sea, creeping gently along that
winding coast, insinuates itself. Pompo
nianus, although not In immediate peril,
yet seeing it plainly, and finding it ap
proaching fast, was putting his baggage
on board some vessels, with a design of
making his escape by sea, whenever the
contrary wind should abate. My uncle
arriving with a fair wind at this place,
embraced, comforted and encouraged his
trembling friend; and, to effect this, seem
ed himself to be under no kind of appre
hension; but, ordering his servants to
carry him to the bath, when he had bath
ed went to supper, either with a real
cheerfulness, or what is equally the sign
of a great mind, the appearance of IL
“In the meantime flames issued from
various parts of Mount Vesuvius, and,
spreading wide and towering to a great
height, made a vast blaze, the glare and
horror of which were still increased by
the gloominess of the night.
“My uncle, to move the general fear,
said that the blaze was occasioned by the
village being on fire, which were now de
serted by the country people. Then, re
tiring to take his rest, he enjoyed a sound
sleep; for, being of a gross and corpulent
habit of body, he was heard to snore by
those who waited upon him. The court,
beyond which was his apartments, by this
time was so filled with cinders and pumice
stones that, had he continued any longer
in his room, his passage from it would
have been stopped up. Being awakened
therefore be quitted his chamber and re
turned to Pomponianus and the rest,
whose fears had hindered them from
sleeping, and who had been upon the
watch. They consulted together, whether
it would be more advisable to keep under
the shelter of that roof or retire into the
fields; for the house tottered to and fro,
as if it had been shaken from the foun
dation by the frequent earthquakes. On
the other hand they dreaded the stones,
which, by being burnt into cinders, al
though they fell with no great weight,
yat fell In large quantities. But, after
considering the different hazards, which
they run, the advice of going out pre
vailed; tn others, one kind of fear con
quered another; in my uncle, one pruden
tial reason only succeeded to another.
“They covered their heads with pil
lows bound with napkins; this was their
only defense against the shower of
stones. And now, when it was day every
where else, they were surrounded with
darkness blacker and more dismal than
night, which, however, was sometimes
dispersed by several flashes and eruptions
from the mountain. They agreed to go
farther in upon the shore and to look
out from the neighboring land, if they
might venture to sea; but the sea con
tinued raging and tempestuous. Then my
uncle, laying himself down upon a cloth
spread on the ground, called twice for
some water and drank It; but the flames
and a stench of sulphur, which preceded
them, obliged others to immediate flight,
and roused him. He raised himself upon
his feet, supported by two servants, but,
bls respiration being stopped, he im
mediately dropped down, stifled, as I im
agine, by the sulphur and grossness of the
air. His lungs, as he was narrow chest
ed. were naturally weak and subject to
inflammations. When the light returned,
which was not until the third day after
his death, his body was discovered un
touched by the Are. without any visible
hurt, in .the dress in which he fell, ap-
THE SEMI-WEEKLY JOUKINAL, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, THURSDAY, JULY 10, 1902.
pearing rather like a person sleeping than
like one who was dead.”
...
“You tell me that my former letter,
which, at your own desire, I wrote to
you concerning my uncle's death, has
tempted you to inquire not only Into the
terrors, but the distress I suffered, while
I was left at Mlsenum; for, with that
particular, my letter concluded.
"When my uncle was gone from us I
employed my time (having stayed behind
for that purpose) at my studies. I bathed,
went to supper and had a very imper
-1 feet and restless sleep. We had for sever
al preceding days together felt an earth
quake, which being common in Campania,
did not much alarm us; but the shocks
were so violent this particular night that
all things around us were not only moved,
but seemed on the brink of destruction.
My mother hastened to my bed chamber
at the moment of time when I was ris
ing with an intention to awaken her, if
I had found her sleeping. We retired
into a little court, which lay between
the house and the sea. I am in doubt
whether my conduct ought to be called
fortitude or thoughtfulness upon this oc
casion, for I was then but 18 years of
age. I called for a Livy, and read it,
as if I had been quite at ease; ’and, in
the manner I had begun, went so far
as to select passages from that author.
A friend of my uncle’s, who was lately
come from Spain, on purpose to see him,
finding my mother and me sitting thus
together, and taking notice that I was
reading, reproved the patience of her
temper and the indifference of mine.
However, I still continued intent upon
my book. It was now 6 o’clock in the
morning; yet there was but a faint and
glimmering light. The house shook vio
lently; and, though we were in an open
court, yet, as it was very narrow, and
built almost all around, we were certainly
tn great danger. We then thought it ex
pedient to leave the town; the people
distracted with fears followed us, and
(such is the nature of fear, which em
braces, as most prudential, any other
dictate in preference to its own) they
pressed upon us and drove us forward.
When we were out of reach of the build
ings we stopped; our astonishment was
great, nor was our apprehension less; for
the carriages which we had ordered out
of town were so violently shaken from
side to side, though upon plain ground,
that they could not be kept In their
places, even when propped by heavy
stones. The sea, too, seemed to be forced
back upon itself; repelled, as it were,
by the strong concussions of the earth.
It Is certain that the shore was greatly
widened, and many sea animals were left
upon the strand.
“On the land side a dark and horrible
cloud, charged with combustible matter,
suddenly broke and shot forth a long trail
of Are, In the nature of lightning, but
in. large flashes. Then my uncle’s friend,
the same who came out of Spain, said to
us with great vehemence and eagerness:
‘lf your brother and your uncle be still
living, his wishes are employed for your
safety. If he lost his life, he was desir
ous yours might be saved. Why, then,
will you not immediately leave this
place?’ We answered that we were not
so solicitous for our own as for my uncle's
preservation. He then hastily withdrew,
running with the utmost expedition from
danger. Not long after the cloud de
scending covered the whole bay and we
could no longer see the island of Caprea
or the promontory of Mlsenum. My
mother now began to beseech, advise and
command me to make my escape in any
manner I could. She observed that as I
was young I might easily take my flight,
but that she, who was in years and less
active, could patiently resign herself to
death in case she was not the occasion of
my destruction. My answer was: T will
never attempt at safety If we are not to
gether.' And then, leading her by the
hand, I assisted her to go faster. She
yielded with regret, still angry at herself
for delaying me.
The ashes now fell upon us; however.
In no‘great quantities. I looked back. A
thick, dark vapor just behind us rolled
along the ground like a torrent and fol
lowed us. I then said: ‘Let us turn out
of this road, whilst we can see our way,
lest the people who crowd after us tram
ple us to death.’ We had scarce consid
ered what was to be done when we were
surrounded with darkness, not like the
darkness of a cloudy night or when the
moon disappears, but such as is in a close
room, when all the light is excluded. You
might then have heard the shrieks of
women and the moans of Infants and the
outcries of men. Some were calling for
their parents, some for their children,
some for their wives. Their voices only
made them known to each other. Some
bewailed their own fate, others the fate
of their relations. There were some who
even from a fear of death prayed to die.
Many paid their adoration to the gods, but
the greater number were of opinion that
the gods no longer existed and that this
night was the eternal period of the world.
There were others who magnified the real
dangers by imaginary and false terrors.
Some affirmed that Mlsenum was burnt
to the ground. The report, although not
true, gaJned credit.
“A little gleam of light now appeared.
It was not daylight, but a forewarning
of the approach of some fiery vapor,
which, however, discharged itself at a dis
tance from us. Darkness Immediately
succeeded. Then ashes poured down upon
us in large quantities and heavy, which
obliged us frequently to rise and brush
them off. Otherwise we had been smoth
ered or pressed to death by their weight.
“I might boast that not one sigh or
timorous word broke from me through
all this distress, had I not fortified myself
with one great consolation, a miserable
one. Indeed, that all nature was perishing
with me.
“At last the darkness, which now was
drawn Into the thinness of a cloud or of
smoke, went off. True day appeared. The
sun shone forth, but pale, as at the time
of an eclipse. All objects that offered
themselves to our sight (which was yet
so weak that we eould scarce bear the re
turn of light) were changed and covered
with ashes as thick as snow. At our re
turn to Mlsenum, after having refreshed
ourselves, we remained in that suspense
and doubt of mind which hope and fear
inspire. For the earthquake still contin
ued and several enthusiasts, by dreadful
prophecies, Increased their own fears and
the fears of others. But, although we had
undergone many dangers and dreaded still
more, yet we could not be persuaded to
quit till we had received some
intelligence concerning my uncle.
“You will read this account without any
intention of making it a part of your his
tory, of which it is by no means worthy,
and you must blame yourself for requiring
it from me, if you think it not worthy of
a letter. Farewell.”
CASTOR IA
For Infants and Children.
Hie Kind You Have Always Bought
Blgnatsre of
A SUMMER EVENING.
The evening comes, the fields are still.
The tinkle of the thirsty rill,
Unheard all day. aacends again;
Deserted is the half-mown plain;
Silent the swaths! the ringing wain.
The mower’s cry, the dog's alarms.
Are housed within the sleeping farms!
The business of the day is done.
The last-left hay-maker is gone.
And from the thyme upon the hlght.
And from the elder-blossoms white
In puffs of balm the night-air blows
The perfume which the day foregoes.
And on the pure horizon far.
See pulsing with the first-born star.
The liquid sky above the hill!
The evening comes, the fields are still.
.-Matthew Arnold,
WAS ANDREE HURLED
INTO ABYSS OF SPACE?
PARIS, July s.—On my way a few days
ago to a meeting of the scientific commit
tee of the French Aeronautic society, I
chanced to run across a paragraph in a
newspaper stating that further traces of
the balloon of the explorer Andree had
been discovered in that trackless waste
known as Franz Josef's Land. At the con
clusion of the meeting I called the news
paper statement to the attention of half
a dozen of the members and asked their
views upon Andree's fate. To my sur
prise there was only one general opinion:
The balloon had been wrecked near the
pole and no human being would probably
ever find the least vestige of that fool
hardy expedition.
Their practical explanation disposed of
the question so effectually that in the nat
ural order of events all further thought of
it would have passed from my mind had
it not been for a chance remark of one of
the scientists. This casual observation
opened up such a startling and sensational
theory that I am tempted to describe it,
for whether or not It may have any peal
scientific value it possesses at least a
thrilling Interest in these days, when aero
nautic experiments are so prevalent that
some other adventurous spirits may strive,
as Andree did, to reach the North Pole
In an airship.
After expressing his belief that the fear
less Norwegians were caged until the
crack o' doom in the Arctic ice deserts, the
savant added: "Unless a much more hor
rible fate was theirs, as Mme Renooz
thinks.” , _
"What Is it that she thinks?” I asked.
“That poor Andree and his companions
are still shooting through space and will
keep on doing so forever.’’
Then this horrible theory was explained
to me as it has been propounded by Mme.
Renooz, who Is a well known Paris scien
tist, and the author of several works that
have at various times created something
of a stir among French physicists.
MOST DANGEROUS SPOT ON GLOBE.
The lady is convinced that the imme
diate neighborhood elf the pole Is the
most dangerous spot on this globe of ours,
on account of a natural hynamic force
that prevails thereabouts. She styles this
element "solar radiation,’’ and declares
that Its speed Is so terrific that it requires
only eight and one-half minutes to cover
the millions of miles between the sun and
the earth. Moving with such inconceiva
ble rapidity the radiation strikes this
planet at the pole, and glinting from the
frozen tip of the dashes into bottomless
space with the unspent force of a thousand
whirlwinds. If poor Andree’s balloon wan
dered Into the track of this resistless cur
rent It would be as helpless as a gnat in
a hurricane.
Mme. Renooz Is of the opinion that the
unhappy explorer and his companions ven
tured too near the pole in their airship and
were engulfed In that awful maelstrom.
If so, they are still, she thinks, floating
through limitless space, and though bear
ing, perhaps, some resemblance to the
human form, have become simply atoms
adrift in the infinite sea of ether, destined
to float there for perhaps 1,000,000 years
until all the universe dissolves.
The author of this startling and stupend
ous theory is so convinced of its being the
fact that she declares beyond the fear of
contradiction, that the mortal remains of
Andree and his men are nowhere on earth
today, nor sunk in any of the earth’s seas,
but have been carried off the planet—as
perhaps never before occurred to any
human being since this world of ours be
gan. Yet, according to the lady, Andree
and his companions have nobody but
themselves to blame, having been warned
by her of the appalling risks they ran in
trying to reach the North Pole In a bal
loon.
On May 15, 1896, Mme. Renooz, who
was then in Paris, Wrote the following
letter to the foolhardy ixplorer:
“Dear Sir—l have just visited the bal
loon. ‘The North Pole,’ exhibited at the
Champs de Mars, an<L I cannot resist the
desire to write you ih order to make an
observation on the subject of the courag
eous enterprise that you are about to un
dertake.
“I admire your audacity and your hero
ism, which would make me regard It as a
great misfortune if such a man as you
should fall a martyr to science. It is this
anxiety that impels me to write you.
“You have studied, I am sure,, all the
conditions of the regions that you propose
to explore, but I venture to suggest some
new theories as to the forces that govern
our planet, and constitute a danger that
up to the present time has not been ob
served. One may defend himself against
perils that are complete surprises, whose
existence has never been dreamed of.
“I have studied the physical conditions
of the poles. I have discovered the cause
that makes life possible there, and I hope,
before your departure, you will acquaint
yourself with my work. It Is a little vol
ume of two hundred pages that may be
read in a couple of hours. It Is styled
‘Force.’ I am sending you a copy by the
post.
“My object is not alone to make you
realize a possible danger that has not
been forseen, but also to call your at
tention to physical conditions newly sus
pected, and which it would be interesting
to study. With high regard, yours truly,
"C. RENOOZ.”
ANDREE DALLIED A YEAR.
When this note was written the Andree
expedition Was almost ready to start. The
departure, however, was postponed for a
whole year. From this circumstance the
apprehensive Frenchwoman assumed that
Andree had read "Force” and been fright
ened by the possibilities It suggested. She
had heard that the explorer, replying to
taunting remarks of some friends, had
justified his delay by explaining that the
balloon was not ready. But Mme. Renooz
had seen the great airship, all spick and
span, and she knew that there was some
truer reason than that. Moreover, she
heard a little later that In the course of a
conversation with M. Wilfred de Fon
vielle, the secretary and moving spirit of
the Aeronautic society of Paris, Andree
had expressed his fear of the Arctic bal
loon being overtaken by “the solar rays.”
Be that as it may, Andree finally left.
Mme. Renooz never heard from him di
rectly, so she did not know whether he
had simply made up his mind to take des
perate chances or whether he hoped In
some way or other to counteract the ap
palling effect of contact with the danger
ous sunbeams. This latter alternative, ac
cording to the author of "Force,” would
be as great a physical impossibility as for
a child's hand to check the fall of Niagara.
According to her, there are countless oth
er terrors in the solar radiation, quite as
frightful and as unescapable as the amaz
ing velocity of the rays and the centripetal
force that they sway. The radiation, she
says, is transferred into the most Intense
heat by the contact with the pole, and is
then distributed in away to generate
light, to diffuse itself into the electric cur
rents in the atmosphere, to determine a
multitude of chemical phenomena, to de
stroy instantaneously all animal or vege
table life within a wide radius of the point
of contact and at a more remote point,
where the radiation is somewhat cooled,
to generate life itself.
HOW THE RAYS WORK.
Arriving vertically at the equator, the
light and heat are manifested with inten
sity. Arriving obliquely fit the temperate
zones, the effect of the radiation is dimin
ished. But, in the polar regions, the solar
rays, striking the earth at a tangent,
glance off, and hence do not diffuse light
or heat, or generate life.
Now, here comes the terrifying deduc
tion of the Renooz theory as applied to
the Andree expedition. If the solar rays
do not penetrate to the soil in the polar
regions, and if their force is not expended
in creating light and heat, their dynamic
power is so much the greater. Like a ball
dropped from a great height upon the fro
zen , precipitous edge of a mountain, the
descending speed is accelerated rather
than diminished by the instant's contact,
and the velocity is immeasurably rein
forced. Imagine, therefore, what must be
the tremendous weight and speed of these
rays, that have traversed the 93,000,000
miles between the earth and the sun, in
just 510 seconds! Imagine also poor An
dree and his companions carried in their
balloon right into this terrible vortex!
If the balloon sailed nearer to the pole
than any other human agency ever ad
vanced, and happened to drift into a south
wind, nothing under heaven, according to
the Renooz theory, coulcl have saved its
passengers from the most horrible fate
that ever befell a human being. And this
is precisely what must nave happened, ac
cording to the author of “Force,” unless
the explorers alighted at a point not far
northward of the place that Peary reach
ed and undertook the rest of the journey
overland.
WHAT SCIENTISTS THINK OF IT.
This, In substance, and in untechnlcal
language, is the extraordinary theory of
Mme. Renooz, as it was explained to me
by one or two eminent scientists. As far
as I can ascertain, no physicist of ancient
or modern times has ever advanced pre
cisely the same views of the qualities of
“solar radiation,” nor can it be said that
the theory has the full indorsement of any
other scientist besides the woman who
originated it. It is worthy of note, how
ever, that none have ever disproved the
theory, and, as a distinguished savant said
to me, “there are doubtless many facts
and forces in nature that science will
never solve, and which will always remain
impenetrable mysteries to the mind of
man.” The principle of “solar radiation”
may probably be regarded ss one of them.
I was anxious to obtain an interview
with Mme Renooz herself for a further
and personal exposition of her astounding
proposition, but the lady is absent from
Paris and may not return, I was told, for
many months.
I talked with a number of other eminent
scientists on the subject, on a point, how
ever, somewhat apart from the scientific
value or plausibility of the Renooz theory.
The feature of it that exercised a singu
lar captivation for my lay mind was the
vision it left me of three human bodies,
swept overboard from earth, floating like
atoms in the circumambient ether of the
boundless universe. One or two of my
erudite friends refused to humor me by
diving into the realms of useless specula
tion; two others expressed the belief that
a human body thrust into the regions of
space would be speedily dissolved by the
action of the elements, thus reaching a
state of almost complete annihilation.
An aged philosopher, whose reputation
is world-wide, smiled as he remarked that
a man falling off the earth would keep on
falling until he landed upon some solid
substance such as another planet.
MAY BE A METEORITE.
“By that time,” he added, “he would
doubtless have lost every vestige of re
semblance to the human shape and per
haps ‘ferlfled,’ turned into iron, would
appear to the inhabitants of the other
planet in the form and substance of a me
teorite. We may, therefore, suppose,” he
concluded, "that the meteors that occa
sionally fall upon the earth were originally
mortals occupying another planet or that
perhaps one of them that has descended
within the last few years was poor Andree
himself, floating back towards earth on
a centrifugal tide.”
Fantastic as this proposition was, it
was even less thrilling than the hideous
possibility suggested by several of the
learned gentlemen whom I consulted. They
were of the opinion that if any such con
ditions existed as Mme. Renooz had ad
vanced, and that Andree and his compan
ions were dashed headlong into space,
they or what was left of them, were still
afloat, there, and would remain so until
the end of time. If the “solar radiation”
possessed the intensity of heat that the
author of “Force” attributed to it, it
would require only the four one-thous
andth part of a second to convert a hu
man body into a charred atom. Its speci
fic gravity being thus rendered practically
nil, the natural thing for it to do would
be to float. There, like a speck of dust
on a sunbeam, it is hovering in the tide
less sea of ether, in company with mil
lions of other atoms wafted from the
earth or other planets of the system,
waiting for a time when nature will weave
all these specks into a concrete mass and
place It in the firmament, to be seen later
by humanity and called a new star.
For that ::all run down” condition yon
need a good tonic and blood purifier like
Hood’s Sarsaparilla, It will make you
strong, create an appetite and give you
restful sleep.
FIGHT GOVERNMENTECONOMY.
Printers Join Hands to Resist Intro
duction of Labor-Saving Machinery.
Philadelphia Press.
More than a year will elapse before the
date set for the completion of the new
government printing office building will
have come, but that date Is regarded as
a most important one by the members of
the art preservative throughout the land,
says the Washington (D. C.) Times.
The equipment of that establishment is
what is giving concern. It has been pre
dicted time and time again by persons
who pretend to know whereof they speak,
since soil was broken for the erection of
the mammoth office, the greatest of its
kind in all the world, that every approved
modern implement for turning out printed
matter—the linotype, automatic press and
ruling machine feeders, folders and coun
ters, and the many other inventions that
have in recent years been gradually dis
placing hand labor—would be Introduced
there, and that hundreds of old, tried and
true employes would be turned adrift to
gain a livllhood elsewhere.
With the possibility. If not probability,
that these prophecies will prove true,
there was particular care taken, it is said,
at the recent election of the local union
in the selection of representatives to the
coming annual convention of the Interna
tional Typographical union, which meets
in Cincinnati in August.
It Is asserted that these delegates were
chosen with special attention to their
ability to argue forcibly against the en
croachment of labor saving machinery
in the government service and that they
will make this a burning question before
the convention. It is, therefore, hoped
and believed that with a united effort on
the part of the international body the
representatives of all political factions in
congress can be arrayed against the In
vasion dreaded and the alleged purpose
to substitute machinery for hand labor
in the great printing shop thwarted.
But there are grave doubts expressed
by many thoughtful, observing members
of the craft that the International union
as a body can be brought into line to
fight this much-feared encroachment. The
convention will be composed of more than
200 delegates. Intelligent and able, they
are fearless and independent. All. it is
admitted, may believe that what is good
for a private concern ought not to be bad
for a public one, and it is to be expected
that many will refuse to go Into a move
ment designed to promote and protect the
interests of the government employe while
they are powerless to bring about similar
supposed benefits for the thousands of
their brethren of the craft w’ho are not
under the wing of the general govern
ment. . , . ..
It Is also said that the national bodies
of pressmen and press feeders will join
the printers in the struggle In opposition
to machinery of the kind mentioned being
put into the new office of the public
printer and that the next year promises
many lively developments to the members
of all wings of the printing trade.
Third Victim is Dead.
READING, Pa., July B.—Edward Hart
man, aged 25 years, the third victim of
the shooting here on the night of July 4th,
died today. The Italian street musician
who shot the three men is in jail. The
men teased the Italian, and he drew a
revolver and fired into the crowd of by
stander* j
CHRIST STILL HELPING AND
HEALING THE NATIONS
BY BISHOP WARREN A. CANDLER.
T SEEMS that during the last
several years there have been
in various parts of the world
an unusual number of great dis-
I
asters.
There was the famine in India,
whereby thousands perished.
The fearful tornado on the Texas
coast, by which some 8,000 people
lost their lives at Galveston, and
by which upwards of $20,000,000
worth of property w*as destroyed,
followed in 1900.
More recently the volcanoes in the
West Indies have shocked mankind
by the appalling loss of life wrought
by them.
But these dark pictures have
been relieved by the bright lines of
human kindness which have been
drawn through them.
The whole world undertook the
relief of India’s starving multitudes.
The voice of the fierce gale which
swept over Galveston had scarcely
died away in the distance before
hundreds of kind people were hast
ening to the scene of sorrow and
desolation, bearing in their hands
every sort of relief for the suffer
ers. Millions of dollars were sent
to restore the sorely afflicted city,
conspicuous among the gifts being
SBO,OOO voted by the Mexican con
gress. When it is remembered that
the battlefield of San Jacinto Is al
most within sight of Galveston and
that it was on Galveston island
Santa Anna was, after the battle,
held prisoner by Sam Houston, the
gift of Mexico will appear as one
of the most beautiful Instances of
International compassion to be
found In the history of nations.
The other day when the island of
Martinique suffered so fearfully by
the eruption of Mt. Pelee the gifts
of the world were so prompt and
generous the authorities felt con
strained to cry "enough” within a
very few days after the news of
the disaster came to the ears of
Christendofn. The congress of the
United States voted $200,000 and the
good ship “Dixie,” flying the stars
and stripes (a name suggesting the
spirit of brotherly kindness in the
union), went speeding over the sea
bearing relief for the stricken ones
of St. Pierre.
All these things are felt to be mat
ters of course, and this very feeling
is itself proof of how profound is
the sense of human brotherhood
which has taken hold of the Chris
tian nations and which has extend
ed even beyond their borders. The
uninformed and thoughtless may
easily imagine that it has always
been so with men. But such is not
the case. All this abounding phil
anthropy is entirely modern —which
is another way of saying it is the
outgrowth of Christianity. -
It Is a fact that when the Chris
tian religion came to the Greeks—
the most refined and sympathetic
of ancient peoples—it found in their
rich and flexible language no word
for “philanthropy,’' and it was forc
ed to coin the word to express the
Idea. The Greeks contemptuously
called all men but themselves "bar
barians” and treated the “barba
rians” accordingly. The Jews with
the oracles of God In tbeir hands
were an exclusive nation who treat
ed the outside world —“the Gentile
dogs”—with proud and heartless in
difference. The Roman extended
his dominion but not his kindness
to all nations within the reach of
his conquering power.
It is true that the Latin dramatist
Terence put into one of his plays
the famous apothegm "I am a man
and nothing of man is foreign to
me,” and it is said the sentiment
called forth the greatest applause
in the Roman theatre. But it is
very significant that the noble words
were put into the mouth of a father
and husband who on starting on a
Journey commands his wife to de
stroy their expected child if it
should prove to be a daughter. Thus
tainted with cruelty was even the
best sentiment of humanity which
the noblest of Romans could con
ceive. How infinitely removed is it
from the spirit of Christianity which
has filled the earth with homes
and asylums with orphaned chil
dren!
It is quite true that many people
who are not Christians contribute
to these things and even unchris
tian nations now heed the cries of
human want and woe. But this
fact does not subtract from the
honor due Christianity in the mat
ter. Our holy religion has created
this worldwide atmosphere of broth
erliness which even unchristian peo
ples cannot wholly escape. It pene
trates with its power hearts and na
tions which do not formally ac
knowledge 4ts authority. The
achievement is not the less real
and glorious because wrought on
hearts which deny the authority of
the faith that affects them so, but
on the contrary, it is the rather
more sublime a manifestation of the
Imperial force of the Christian re
ligion which changes those whom
It cannot absolutely control.
That all these humane efforts to
alienate human suffering and ele
vate human life are the direct fruits
of Christianity, even though many
unchristian hands take part in such,
efforts is evident from the fact that
they all have taken their rise In
Christian lands since the beginning
of the Christian era, and be
yond the limits of Christendom are
nowhere so plentiful or so potent.
Here, for example, are the modern
schemes for free popular education.
Thousands of irreligious voters give
support to this great work and
would be among the first to resist
any influence unfriendly to it But
beyond the borders of Christendom
there are no free schools, and with
in the limits of Christendom popu
lar education is prevalent just in
proportion as Christianity is pow
erful.
Can we by any stretch of imag
ination conceive of the archai of
ancient Athens taxing themselves
and their wealthy contemporaries
in order to teach the helots to read
Homer? Could even Cicero with all
his matchless eloquence have moved
the Roman senate to raise a reve
nue to give the plebs and slaves the
benefits of common schools? Yet
we see without surprise the great
governments in Germany, Great
Britain and the United States do
ing these things on a scale of the
largest expenditures.
As these things came by Chris-
’ tianity they would perish from the
world if Christlanty should die.
Hereby it is demonstrated that
Christ is in a true and lofty sense
(apart from any theological mean
ing of the word) the Life and the
Light of men. He is still healing
the sick, cleansing lepers, making
the lame to walk, giving sight to the
blind, unstopping deaf ears, bind
ing up the broken-hearted, giving
liberty to captives and taking the
little children into his arms and
blessing them.
FROM STUDENT TO PRESIDENT,
Daniel E. Mitchell Made Head of Cum*
berland University as Soon as
He Got His Degree.
In the election of Daniel E. Mitchell as
head of the Cumberland university, at
Lebanon, Tenn., the officers have con
ferred a unique honor upon a young man
who until a few days ago was an under
graduate of the institution. Indeed, such a
promotion from student to college presi
dent is said to be without precedent, and
while it may seem an extraordinary pro
cedure by the general public, It is regard
ed as altogether a logical and natural step
by those familiar jrith the work which
Mr. Mitchell has already done for tha
college.
Mr. Mitchell is only 26 years old. and
when compared with the veteran college
presidents of some of the larger institu
tions of the north he may truthfully be
termed a boy president. But in the three
years that the young man was an under
graduate of Cumberland University he
showed such ability as an executive that
it is believed under his future manage
ment the Institution will enter upon an
era of greater growth and prosperity.
Within she last year, for example, the
friends of Mr. Mitchell say he has been
influential in improving the equipments
and buildings of the college to the extent
of $50,000, and he has instituted elabo
rate plans for advertising the college
throughout the country, and of soliciting
new students. Mr. Mitchell believes that
a college, like a business enterprise, needs
to be advertised and kept before the pub
lic eye. and that even as efforts are made
by a corporation to increase its trade
through the solicitation of agents, in a
similar way should an educational insti
tution build up its faculty and undergrad
uate body.
Mr. Mitchell has had an uphill fight tn
life. He was born in Monongahela City,
Pa., February 7, 1878. When he was 12
years of age his father. Dr. G. P. Mitch
ell, died, and the boy was obliged to go
out to work in order to help support his
mother and sister. The son, however,
found time to continue his schollng, and
in 1890 he entered the Southwestern State)
Normal school, at California, Pa. Imme
diately after his graduation, in 1898, he
was made principal of the public school
at Roscoe, Pa. Three years ago he mar
ried Miss Elizabeth Smith, daughter of
the Rev. Arthur Smith, of Pennsylvania,
and immediately entered Cumberland Uni
versity. Throughout his college course
the young man has been active in student
life, and displayed particular energy
in securing funds for the further endow
ment of the institution.
The Cumberland University, which was
founded in 1842, by the Cumberland Pres
byterian church, has preparatory, academ
ic, theological and law departments. Its
undergraduate classes numßer about 400
students.
An Ecclesiastical JokeT
Philadelphia Times.
On the occasion of a Roman Catholic jubilee
in hie former diocese, St. Louis, Archbishop
Rvan journeyed there, and, in the make-up
of a procession that formed part of the cele
bration. found himself seated in a carriage
with Bishop Glennon, attached to one of the
western dioceses. As nearly everybody in
Philadelphia knows. Archbishop Ryan is of
portly build. His companion of the carriaga
was a slight, ascetic looking man. The con
trast between them was marked as they light
ed from the vehicle, and the Philadelphian
loomed up large beside the westerner. The
contrast struck the archbishop forcibly.
"Bishop Glennon.” he said, "I’ve often won
dered as to the exact difference between an
archbishop and a bishop, but I think I need
wonder no longer.”
He placed himself close beside the smaller
divine, and. describing a semicircle that fol
lowed his front outline from chest to waist,
added:
"It’s all in the arch.”
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