About Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920 | View Entire Issue (Feb. 18, 1910)
ARcatSCA AND SUCCESSFi-T-., k QUESTION AND ANSWER DEPARTMENT Th* J»unuU d**ir«s to incrsas* th* usofuln*** of its *<ricultural pagss ia *v*ry po**ibl* way. Tot this purpo**, th* d*partm*nt of inquiri** and answers la to ho greatly enlarged. Any Information pertaining to agricultur*. the proper tillage of the soil, th* proper use of fertilizers, for crops, stock and cattle brooding, poultry raising—and in fact, aU subject* pertaining to the farm upon which information may bo sought or practical suggestion* offered, will be published In thes* columns. Wo request our readers to use these pages freely. Wo will endeavor to furnish Information, if the question* ar* asked, letters addressed to Dr a edrew M. Soule, President State Agricultural College, Athens. Ga., wUI receive prompt attention, and the replies will be published in The Semi-Weekly Journal. AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT ALONG EDUCATIONAL LINES PABT I. Ignorance enslaves mankind and educa tion aluminates nature and renders her the servant of humanity. The enlarge ment of man’s intellect gives inspiration and power to conceive of and control nat ural agencies, without which progress cannot be made. Education means en lightenment. and enlightenment means liberty of thought, action and conception. Who would not do obeisance to educa tion? A $1,000.000. OW are wasted in the south every year. What comfort, luxury and material advancement the saving of this vast sum of money wou’d mean to our people. Yet this statement is not a magician » dream, nor the conception of a diseased imagination, but is based on definite facts and figures which science has called to our attention. It is ths duty and the privilege of the agricultural colleges of the south to lead the van guard in the great battle now being waged for the conservation of our for ests, of our agricultural lands, and of our people. Responsibility rests heavily upon these institutions, but their oppor tunities are surpassed in no field of edu cational activity, and if these institutions are properly supported apd directed by men who have the welfare of the country at heart and are able to analyse the fu ture, and project their work along lines to meet the needs of coming generations, they will amply fulfill their mission. The earth feed* mankind most bounti fully when attended with skill and wis dom: it becomes a barren and unfruitful waste when controlled by the slothful and ignorant. Band mismanaged breeds anarchy, and is the forerunner of a de cadence in agriculture, art and industry. We stand at the threshhold. or "that tide tn the affairs of men.” which the immor tal Shakespeare said, "When taken at the flood leads on to fortune.” The pres ent moment is fraught with peril, and the future beckons on to greatness and mar velous achievement. The south is being weighed in the balance; accord to educa tion her due, arouse and stimulate our people to conserve and develop nature's gifts, and the whole world must pay her homage. For myself, I feel that the south has already chosen, and that we are to witness a development along edu cational lines unsurpassed in the history of the world, and out of this will grow that substantial development of our in dustries that conservation and redirec tion of our agricultural activities which will place us in an Impregnable position for all time to come. To be specific: What is education doing for the advancement of southern agricul ture at the present time? First of all. the means by which the cattle tick may be eradicated have been worked out and placed at the disposal of state and na tional governments. Our annual tribute to this miserable parasite is conservative ly estimated at 160.000.000. Can it be that the progress of our live stock industries has been and is being retarded because of the presence of a parasite which may be eradicated through the co operation of the agencies mentioned in a period of ten years? The old red hills with their eroded faces look up to the unpitying heavens and cry aloud for vegetable mat ter. and alas, where is it to come from in adequate quantity at a reasonable cost save through the development of animal industries? Nature intended the south to be a great live stock country, and our system of agriculture makes it imperative that we engage in this class of farming. It is more important that we do so now with the high price of cotton than it ever was before; and yet all that pre vents our doing so is the presence of a parasite the life history of which has been unravelled, and the destruction of which may be encompassed with unerr ing certainty. It is estimated that the census of 1910 will give the south a pop ulation of 29,000,000. Is it possible that we pay an annual tribute of virtually >2 per capita to the cattle tick, and hold in check that type of farming which will do more to rejuvenate and give permanency to our agriculture than anything else? Nay we not say fervently and with due reverence. "God speed the work of these institutions?” Substantial progress is being made In calling the attention of the public to the value of cotton seed and cotton seed by products. A short crop has had some thing to do with the great increase in Made 41 Bales of Cotton With Only One Mule Read in our Farmers’ Year Book or Almanac for 1910 how a planter in Terrell County, Georgia, made 41 bales of cotton with only one plow, a record breaking yield, and he had a nine weeks’ drought—the worst in years. His gross income was $2,098.47 for this crop. You can do it too By Using Virginia-Carolina Fertilizers liberally,combined with careful seed selection, thorough cultivation, and a fair season. Ask your fertilizer dealer for a copy of this free book, or write us for one. Be sure you haul home only Virginia-Carolina Fertilizers SALES OFFICES t RkkaoaL Va. Atlaata, C«. Mail at thia Caaaoa Norfolk. Va. kataaaah, Ga. ' ll '“Colaabia I C ▼ iBCtMIA CAIOLUU CkkMIOAL n-.k Mr- Compant. „ " , Fe.M M.k «. coot o* roar 1910 I*.l. ■gV t Faracro' Year Book free of coat. Cbarleoton. » C. ■UJ PCTtI I i Baltiaore. M 4. CWa.kat.Ca. KVlnrt t- ■MB/ • jj fca. Bheererort. La, prices witnessed in 1909-1910. but the time will never come when cotton seed and its by-products will sink to the low level of olden days. Cotton seed meal at $35 a ton is the cheapest concentrate known for the maintenance of all classes of live stock. It is still an invaluable constituent of fer tilizing mixtures, and it still holds the key to that situation which unlocked will make the south a great live stock country. The farmer is being educated with a sur prising degree of rapidity to turn over his seed to the oil mill and have its value magnified, while the forty to fifty million dollars’ worth of oil which he has hith erto been burying in the soil to no pur pose is turned into the channels of com- I merce. The farmer is being taught to realize that he should, first of all, feed cotton seed meal. For instance, he may add two pounds of it to the daily ration of corn now fed to his mules and extend their period of service on the plantation one or more years: for it is a fact that ordinarily abou£ 1.5 pounds of protein are fed per individual mule when nature in dicates that at least 2.3 pounds should be fed for each 1.000 pounds of live weight. To withhold from the nutrition of the animal what nature has shown to be essential is to Invite an early destruction of the ani mal’s utility, and this we find to be the case, for in the city of Atlanta alone 40,000 mules were sold during the sale season of 1906-1910 at a value of $9,000,000. The colleges through their extension depart ments are endeavoring to arouse an In terest in live stock breeding, and to show the farmer that he may produce for S6O what is costing him $l9O. The breeding of mules is one of our great neglected in dustries. but every effort is being made to stimulate it and conserve that part of the cotton crop which is now annually sent out of the state for the purchase of something which may be raised at home. • • • A FARMERS LIBRARY. The writer is frequently requested to suggest the names of sets of books which would be useful for farmers to purchase and read. The following books can be purchased for $12.95: The Soil, by King. The Fertility of the Land, by Roberts. Fertilizers, by Voorhees. Feeding of Animals, by Jordan. Farm Poultry, by Watson. h Diseases of Animals, by Mayo. Principles of Fruit Growing, by Bailey. Principles of Vegetable Gardening, by Bailey. Milk and Its Products, by Wing. Spraying of Plants, by Lodeman. Bush Fruits, by Card. Farmer’s Business Handbook, by Rob erts. Os course, there are many others which might be added to this list, and probably some of these would not be of as much Interest in some communities as others. The college of agriculture will be glad to consult and advise with all who desire to secure reading libraries for their com munities. If these books are read and the suggestions put into practice immense good is bound to result to the communty. One community has already formed a club and purchased the above set of books. Loganville, Ga., is entitled to this credit, and Mr. N. R. Bennett has been the moving spirit in this matter. Who will be the next to get in line and join the movement for better farming which is sweeping over the state? • • • Questions Answered KEPING HOGS FROM MATING A. A. J., Dublin, Ga., writes: I am in terested in hog raising and would be glad If you would send me a remedy to keep my sows from mating, as it is too cold to have them spayed. There is a com pay that sells a remedy for 10 cents a head, but I do not know their address. We know of no remedy that will pre vent animals from mating when they get in heat provided the two sexes are kept together, and we do not believe any such remedy has ever been found. The company who offers to sell a rem edy at 10 cents per head certainly fig ures on imposing on the public. The only advice we can give you under the circumstances is to separate the males and females, or else castrate the males and spay the females. We see no ob jection to doing this work at any sea son of the year, provided a little dis infectant is used, such as creolin, chlo- THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JO URNAL, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, FRIDAY. FEBRUARY 18. 1910. How to Get Rid of Catarrh A Simple Safe, Reliable Way, and it Costs Nothing to Try. Those who suffer from catarrh know Its miseries. There is no need of this suffering. You can get rid of it by a simple, safe, inexpensive, home treat ment discovered by Dr. Blosser, who for over 35 years, has been treating catarrh successfully. His treatment Is unlike any other. It is not a spray, douche, salve, cream, or Inhaler, but is a more direct and thorough treatment than any of these. It cleans out the head, nose, throat and lungs so that you can again breathe freely and sleep without that stopped-up feeling that all catarrh sufferers have. It heals the diseased mucous membranes and arrests the foul discharge, so that you will not be constantly blowing your nose and spitting, and at the same time it does not poison the system and ruin the stomach, as internal medicines do. If you want to test this treatment without cost, send your address to Dr J. W. Blosser, 51 Walton Street, Atlanta, Ga., and he will send you by return mall enough of the medicine to satisfy you that it is all he claims for it as a remedy for catarrh, catarrh al headaches, catarrhal deafness, asth ma, bronchitis, colds and all catarrhal complications. He will also send you free an illustrated booklet. Write him immediately. ronaptholeum, or any of the cold tar dips, to cleanse the wounds and induce rapid healing. We have spayed and cas trated anmials at all seasons of the year without injurious results. Os course a very cold, wet, blustery day might not be an ideal time to choose for the work, but it need not be put off for several months, which we judge to be your plan according to the suggestion made in your letter. • • • DESTROYING WEEVILS IN GRAIN E. A. D., Island Grove, Fla., writes: How is the best way to keep seed corn so it will be safe from the corn weevil which is a great pest here in Florida? Seed corn may be effectively protect ed from the ravages of the weevil if it is taken immediately on gathering and placed in a tight box or bin and treated with carbon bisulphide. It is desirable to have the box lined with tin so as to virtually make it air tight. The carbon bisulphide should be used at the rate of one pound to one ton of grain, or if the treatment is given in an empty room, one pound to 1,000 cubic feet of air space. The bisulphide should be placed in a dish or other convenient container and placed on top the grain since the fumes are heavier than air. The liquid changes into the gaseous form very quickly. The box should be left tight ly closed for several hours, and the treat ment should be repeated at intervals of a few days for two or three times to make certain that all the weevils from any eggs that may hatch out are com pletely destroyed. Since carbon bisul phide is very inflammable, care should be exercised in handling it to keep lights away from it. • • • EVIDENCES OF LUNG WORM I. B. G., Buchanan, Ga., writes: I would like to know what to do for my pigs; they appear to be run down and exhausted and soon die. I first thought they had gotten cotton seed, but I have my doubts about this being the trouble. I have lost three. They will try to eat to within a short time of their death. They have had good attention and good quarters. Please give me your opinion in the matter. Your hogs are evidently infested with lung worms; at least the symptoms giv en in your letter would indicate this to be the trouble. Thia la a parasite which attacks both lambs and pigs, but the latter most frequently, and while a va viety of worms may attack the lungs, the strongylus filaria is probably the most common. The parasite does im mense damage in Georgia, and but little attempt has ever been made to check its ravages because its presence has often remained undetected, and there fore it has been allowed to Infect vast areas of land so completely that it will take some time to get rid of it. When this disease attacks hogs they generally fall away rapidly, are subject to fits of coughing, and sometimes raise mucus containing the threads. When the coughing continues there is diffi cult breathing and the animals often die rather quickly. Where the animals are in good condition the best thing to do is to sell them immediately. All well animals should then be isolated and put on a piece of ground away from the in fested quarters. Treatment for this trouble is unsatisfactory. The best plan is to put the animals in a close room or tent and fumigate with sulphur. The attendant should stay in the room with head on a level with the hogs until he can stand the fumes no longer, and then fresh air should be admitted. This treatment should be given once dally for three or four days. Another treatment is to inject medicine into the windpipe by means of a hypodermic syringe, but it is best to have a veterinarian do this. A good mixture to use is one part of turpentine to two parts of cotton seed oil. • • • STRING HALT AND ITS TREATMENT J. A. 8., writes: I have a nice young mule four years old that has string halt. I would like to know if there is any cure for it? When I work her hard and let her stand she is string half first in one hind leg and then another. String halt is virtually an incurable disease; in other words, medicinal treat ment seldom proves successful. 1..e first thing to do is to look after the diet. Care ful feeding and tonics are sometimes beneficial. The food should be nutritious and easily digested, and should be as va ried in character as possible. Many farm ers make a serious mistake in feeding their mules on corn and pulled fodder alone. A greater variety in the ration is essential. Such a ration can be improv ed by the use of some cotton-seed meal. The farmer should try to grow some cow pea vine hay, or better still, some vetch and oat hay, and have a rye pasture or some other green feed available to turn his animals on at odd times during the winter when the ground is not so wet as to be injured by tramping. If these suggestions were carried out, there would be much less trouble from indigestion and other ills which follow it in horses and mules. Oats, oil meal and bran fed to gether prove the most satisfactory diet to feed animals with this trouble. Four ounces of common salt, ounces of sul phur and 2 ounces of hard wood ashes mixed together and a tablespoonful given three times a week will sometimes prove helpful. Fowler’s solution of arsenic may sometimes be given in half-ounce doses in the weed once daily with good results. The dose shouhlcbe increased about one fourth of an ounce a day until one ounce is given in the morning and at night. The treatment ;4iould be discontinued at the end of two weeks for a fortnight and then repeated. Care should be ex ercised not to continue it too long. In some cases an operation will relieve OVER W,111,Ml SPENT ON MOM IN GEORGIA Officials Unearth Nearly $2,- 000,000 Not Credited to State Before That some $2,000,000 more than Georgia has ever been credited heretofore with spending on the education of her young will be uncovered and spread on the rec ords this year is the belief of the state school department. Until now the state of Georgia has been credited in national compilations with some few thousand dollars more than the annual appropriation of $2,250,000 each year, be cause the department could not get at other sources of money spent for educa tion. As a matter of fact, the state has been known to spend much more than she was given credit for spending, and it was with the idea of securing that credit and of establishing Georgia high up among the states where she belongs in matters of education that the state school de partment Inaugurated its new effort a few months ago. A story in The Journal in serted the opening wedge in that search. New forms were printed by the state department, to include Incidental fees, tuition fees, local taxation funds, munici pal aid funds, bequests, sale of school property, and all other sources from which money might come to be spent by the schools. The counties are reporting thoroughly, and with the information al ready at hand the department believes the state will in this single year almost double the showing she has been mak ing heretofore. As an illustration of the workings of the new system, one mountain county of Georgia is cited by the department. For syth county’s commissioner first reported a total of $10,493.68 received for purposes of education. The report now shows $14,- 224.83. Another county, in its report re cently received, showed SIO,OOO that it has never shown before. string halt, but this should only be per formed by a competent veterinarian. • • • SUITABLE FERTILIZERS FOR CORN AND COTTON. C. A. R., Winston-Salem, N. C„ writes: I read the agricultural columns in The Journal with a great deal of pleasure, as to me they are full of in formation. I want to ask your opinion of the following formulas for corn and tobacco. My land is on the order of second bottom on part, in another part it is red soil, and in another sandy gray with yellowish red subsoil. Would also like a fertilizer for peas and clover. 500 lbs. Thomas phosphate $4.44 700 lbs fish guano.. 400 lbs. nitrate of soda ’ -o 100 lbs. nitrate of potush.. z*; 300 lbs. muriate of potash 630 2,000 lbs $36.94 500 lbs., Thomas phosphate M 44 700 lbs. cottonseed meal u » 400 lbs. nitrate of soda.. 400 lbs. muriate of potash » 40 2,000 lbs - $33.24 SOO lbs. fish guano $!•J® 200 lbs dried blood »00 200 lbs. nitrate of soda 200 lbs. nitrate of potash 4.«0 100 lbs kalnit J" 500 ibs. muriate of potash - i 0 2,000 lbs 90 lbs. Thomas phosphate $ 10C lbs. nitrate of soda.. 2.30 800 lbs. dried blood 1 . , 400 lbs. sulphate of potash *■*) 2,000 lbs 1,000 lbs. Thomas phosphate $ 3.86 100 lbs. nitrate of potash, •• ■“ 600 lbs. dried blood , 300 lbs. sulphate of potash t, :w 2,000 lbs 3 s3«.'Jt> We are pleased to note that you find The Journal helpful In your farming op erations. It is certainly the wish of those in charge of the work to make it as serviceable to Its subscribers as possible, and it is, of course, encourag ing to know that those who read it find it helpful. The best grades of Thomas slag now on the market contain from 13 to 16 per cent of available phosphoric acid. Pre suming this material to contain 16 per cent of available phosphoric acid, it is equal in fertilizing value to the high est grade of acid phosphate now on the market. We are inclined to think from the figures quoted in your letter that you can probably secure acid phosphate somewhat cheaper than Thomas slag, and If this be true, we would suggest that you use it. Roughly speaking, ni trate of soda is evidently quoted to you at about $46 per ton, fish guano at S4B a ton, blood at $46 a ton, and cotton seed meal at $32 a ton. According to the figures given, nitrate of soda will furnish you the nitrogen in the cheapest form. Next to this will probably come dried blood, third cotton seed meal, and fourth, fish guano. Under the circum stances, it would appear to be to your Interest to use nitrate of soda and blood as the chief sources of nitrogen. This, of course, provided you can purchase high-grade blood at the figures quoted. Blood, as you know, contains 12 to 14 per cent of nitrogen, and you should endeavor to secure the 14 per cent grade. We would not attempt to use nitrate of potash in this fertilizer, for muriate at the price quoted is cheaper than any thing else you can use. Where you have a mixed soil, such as you describe, it is not possible to pre pare a fertilizer for each section. You will have to determine upon some gen eral formula to use. A very good for mula for corn under the circumstances would be the following: Mix together 1,100 pounds of 16 per cent Thomas slag or acid phosphate. 300 pounds of high-grade blood, and 200 pounds of mu riate of potash. This will make 1,600 pounds in all. To this should be added 400 founds of rich woods earth, or well rotted finely pulverized lot manure. This fertilizer will contain approximately 2.1 per cent of nitrogen, 8.8 per cent of phosphoric acid and 3.0 per cent of pot ash. It should be used under corn at the rate of 300 to 500 pounds per acre. For tobacco, which requires heavier fertilization with all three elements, we would suggest the use of 1,200 pounds of phosphate, 500 pounds of blood and 300 pounds of potash. This fertilizer would contain approximately 3.5 per cent of nitrogen, 9.6 per cent of phos phoric acid and 7.5 per cent of potash. We would suggest the use of 100 to 200 pounds of nitrate of soda as a top dressing on both corn and tobacco ir the growth of leaf and stem Is not as vigorous as you desire. In this case we would make two applications of 100 pounds each, believing that by doing so you will secure better results. For cowpeas and other leguminous crops, a 10-4 fertilizer used at the rate of 200 to 300 pounds per acre is about all that Is necessary. ORCHARD ITEMS Fruit th«t has been shaken from the tree* should never be stored for winter keeping. An Indiana authority says that not one farmer in 1.000 in that Aitate plants an orchard and takes care of it. In the Hood river country in Oregon where some of the finest fruit in the world is raised the farmers have formed unions for mutual in struction and also to aid each other in keeping up prices. A good plsn. B- The Rural elepiione Brings the Whole ountry Together longer necessary to feel that because the country you must always be more ed from your friends —that you have I drive every time you want to chat with » trading. Nowadays, a phone System i a telephone on every farm at a cost so low e of cotton or thirty bushels of wheat will •inging the wires—connecting the telephone* | —is bu Bimpjc mai juu auu yuui usiguuuis van uuuu me line in a few days. • ® Think what it would mean to have your friends —your doctor—everybody, every- where around—within talking distance at any time of the day or night. ( ‘ All that you need do is to send us a postal requesting our free illustrated book No. 91, which explains how you and your neighbors can get all materials and build your own line* in a few days. Address nearest house listed below. WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY SOUTHERN OFFICES: 280 Lee Street, Pacific and Ervay Streets, ATLANTA, GA. Manufacturers of the DALLAS, TEXAS Queen and Water Streets, 4 500 000 Foot of Ferry Street, PORTSMOUTH, VA. "W y <l<pk( , BeJ SAVANNAH. GA. KINDNESS TO ANIMALS PAYS WELL Good Treatment Effects Disposition of Farm Animals and Increases Their Market Value By J. M. Kelly Only a few centurk- ago the ancestors of more of us w’ece barbarians without local habitation, and living largely by the products of the chase. In the course of time a few of the wild animals about them were do mesticated. At first probably for play things for the children, and for compan ionship for adults, and finally for their value as food and clothing. Then the pas toral life began. When in his upward development man becarhe wise enough to teach the ox and the horse to draw a load, when he found that either of them could, as a draft ani mal, do as much work as 10 men, and that by using one of them man could increase his productive power ten-fold, and by using two, twenty-fold, and finally when he learned how to teach four or six of them to work as a unit, then man had in creased his working efficiency forty and sixty-fold, respectively. Then he became able to produce more food than himself and family required, and he also had the means of transporting the surplus to con siderable distances. Then commerce grew and civilization began. The money value of the domestic ani mals of the United States exceeds $3,000.- 000,000. What part of this value comes through their domestication cannot be ac curately stated, but it is a very large part, as one will admit if he considers of how little value would be all the horses if at once they were to return to their original state as wild horses: or If the cattle all at once could be changed to the condition, the nature, and the disposition of the wild cattle of the original forest and plain. It is probable that more than 50 per cent of this value comes through the kind treatment their ancestors have received, and which has changed their disposition, so that this disposition is now inherited, and also is strengthened by continued kind treatment. All who handle farm animals know that their value is affected by their dis position. This disposition comes from the state of the animal’s mind: and the state of his mind toward us depends upon how we are treating him, whether kindly or cruelly. By kindness he is made trustful, fearless, and docile; by cruelty, sus picious, fearful and intractable. That animals have a mind is a fact that all who have to do with them should realize. They are not like the machinery of the farm, which if a man neglects and misuses, hurts only his pocket book, but if he neglects and misuses his animals, he not only injures his pocketbook but does himself a more grievous wrong. Sometimes probably, there will be written a psychology of the lower animals, as there is now a psychology of the highest animal. There is ample material for it. and it would be a profitable study for all engaged in animal husbandry. Animals have memory, they remember where to get food and drink, where they were comfortable, where they were in jured and where frightened. They re member where their home is and often, if taken from it will travel long distances, climb high mountains, and swim wjde rivers to return. They remember the voice of a kind master, and manifest joy at hie coming: they also remember the voice of a cruel master, and will flee at its sound, or if flight is impossible, will plainly manifest their horror at his ap proach. They have curiosity, especially the young, and will examine a new object with great care, looking at it from all sides, and from various directions; they will smell of it, taste of it, and with their sensitive lips, feel of it. They seem to enjoy acquiring knowledge. They are sociable. To them there is a pleasure in the society of others of their kind, hence they go in herds and flocks, and even sometimes they show great pleasure In the companionship of animals belonging to an entirely differ ent order from their own, for example, a horse and a dog have been known to Chlcag-o, Bait St. Louis, St. Joseph, Kinin City, Oklahoma City. fertilizer _ I . . ’ manufacturers o, • V MOR R M PAN Y “Supreme” and Blood. Bone “Southernßig’ and Tankage Brands Fertilizers ATLANTA It does not cost you anything extra to insure your crop against failure if you use <4Su preme” and “Southern Big” brands of fertilizer. You run no risk of the blighting, stinting and shedding that arises from insufficient nourishment when you invest in the best forms of plant Blood. Bone and Tankage is now recognized as the best and most continuous plant food in existence and it acts equally through wet seasons and periods of drought. All our fertilizers are made of blood, bone and tankage. They cost no more than the other kind and make bigger crops. Then why not? be very congenial companions, also a cow and a pig. They are capable of forming habits, and the great, law by which their habits are formed is the one by which man forms his habits, repetition, and they, like man, are bundles of habits. The chains of habit are strong to bind them. They have individuality. As no two people are quite alike, so no two animals are exactly like. Two horses of a team may very closely resemble each other in outward appearance, and yet be quite unlike in their dispositions. Two cows may look very much alike and yet the thoughtful observer, or dairyman will know that in minds they differ widely. They have their likes and dislikes. Some horses on a farm do not like cer tain other horses, while for certain other horses they show great friendship, and sometimes there is a horse toward which all are friendly. Some horses cannot en dure certain men, while for other men they show a marked preference. Like wise they seem to enjoy doing certain kinds of work, while for other kinds of work, they manifest so great a dislike, that they will not do it, can neither be coaxed or driven to it. Some cows like certain milkers and for them of course TREATMENT OF GRASS LAND Presence of Noxious Weeds Does Much to Cut Down the Value of Grass Land By C. S. Miller The treatment of grass land in this countrv leaves much to be desired. It would appear as if many farmers were satisfied to take any natural vegetation as good enough for grazing purposes. Everyone knows that the feeding power of different fields varies considerably. We have the hillside where as many as 30 acres or more would be required to keep a beast alive and we have the rich land that can fatten a bullock and a sheep to the acre. There is an inclina tion 'o submit to this as inevitable in the nature of things. Although there are very definite limitations to possi bilities of improvement of grass land it could easily be made capable of support ing more grazing stock, or of yielding heavier crops of hay than it does at present. The first condition of improvement of much of our grass land is drainage; but this is rather a matter of land improve ment than a farming proper, and it should be treated of in its proper place. Next, the prevalence of weeds is a se rious matter, and is well within the power of the farmer. Some of these weeds furnish an indication of the re quirements of the land. The special weeds of wet land are known to most. The weeds of poor grass land include an eye daisy, mouse ear chickweed, speedwell, eyebright ‘ and others. Most of these will disappear when the land is well manured, the improved grass chock ing them out. The weeds of good land must be treated in a different way. Some are so troublesome that the only way, when thev have been allowed to get too far ahead, is to break up the pasture. This always should be avoided when there is anv other chance of success, as a good pasture takes years to re-estab lish after breaking it up. The most difficult of this class to eradicate are the creeping buttercup and sllverweed. These have wonderful vitality and no live stock will eat them. Many weeds can be gotten rid of by prevention of seeding. The various umelliferea, such as wild carrot, cow-parsnip, hemlock, etc., also ragweed and thistles may be kept down by mowing In due time. I SAWMILLS All sizes built. Have the most accurate Set Works and best Variable Feed Works, Saws. Edgers, Trimmers. Swing Saws. Lath and Shingle Ma chinery, Planers, Resaws, Engines, etc. ■iisfs<tar*4 by Writ* far Free Caitlefaa SALEM IRON WORKS. Winston-Salem. N. C CTDAIIf BERRY Send $2.50 for 1,000 plants. Q I Kfl If PLANTS Can furnish Klotdyke, I Übompsun. etc. JOHN LIGHTFOOT. DEPT. A., Chattanooga, Tenn. ABIIINOH ■’’—3k., B«!.A Books, for 1 Testing BsT 1" A N I M Gold, Silver and Hidden Trewures. MH Iwn Fully Onranteßd. Bookie: Free. V Addi Ms. F.«M. AOENCY.ZOZZIk Sl.,Palmyr*,P*. «'■ ' 11 ■" J" J— J— give their richest milk and in largest quantity, while for others they will ' "hold up” their milk. As a rule these are not blind and senseless whims, but both the likes and dislikes had their origin in some previous experience which formed a reasonable basis for the mani fested love or hatred. A Chance to Make Money Yes, elegant free homesteads can still be had in Mexico where many Americans are now locating. You need not go to Mexico, but are required to have five acres of fruit trees planted within five years. For information address the Jantha Plantation Co., Block 580, Pitts burg, Pa. They will plant and car* for your trees on shares, so you should make a thousand dollars a year. It is never hot, never cold. The health conditions are perfect. Docks are of a tougher nature, but they may be usually pulled by the root when the ground is soft after rain. Docks produce a wonderful Quantity of seed, and trouble in their Eradication is well repaid. Some plants that become positive pests on pasture land cannot grow on g meadows. These include the common daisy hawkseed. There are two para sitic weeds oi grass iand:, brootirape lives partly on the roots of clover, and yellow rattle on grass roots. These are not so troublesome on well-drained land as where there is too much moisture. A few plants commonly regarded as r>eeds, may be an advantage to grass lands, when they are there in modera- • tion. The common dandelion, plantain and the various wild vatches are among these. Wild garllck is a most objec tionable weed where dairy cattle are fed, as it destroys the flavor of the, milk, but it is beneficial in modera tion on fattening land. On poor, dry land, naturally unsuitable to the growth of grass, yarrow and sheep’s parsley may be encouraged as both make good sheep feed, and their deep roots make them more or less independent of sur face moisture. Moss is a very com mon pest of grass land in districts where the atmosphere is damp. It de pends more on the state of the air than the land. We frequently hear the explanation * that it shows want of drainage, but this could not be the case, as moss flourishes on dry’ banks as well as any- j where else. Neither is it due to pov- Lj erty of land, for it is often found on the best of land. The only way to deal with moss is to commerce with a thorough harrowing so as to dislodge 4 the moss. It is then collected and de stroyed. This is done in the autumn and should be followed with a good dressing of lime and • salt compost or farmyard manure. JACKSON. Ga—Georgia day was generally • I served throughout the schools of the county yesterday. 5
