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ARcatSCA
AND SUCCESSFi-T-.,
k
QUESTION AND ANSWER DEPARTMENT
Th* J»unuU d**ir«s to incrsas* th* usofuln*** of its *<ricultural
pagss ia *v*ry po**ibl* way. Tot this purpo**, th* d*partm*nt of inquiri**
and answers la to ho greatly enlarged. Any Information pertaining to
agricultur*. the proper tillage of the soil, th* proper use of fertilizers,
for crops, stock and cattle brooding, poultry raising—and in fact,
aU subject* pertaining to the farm upon which information may bo
sought or practical suggestion* offered, will be published In thes* columns.
Wo request our readers to use these pages freely. Wo will endeavor
to furnish Information, if the question* ar* asked, letters addressed to
Dr a edrew M. Soule, President State Agricultural College, Athens. Ga.,
wUI receive prompt attention, and the replies will be published in The
Semi-Weekly Journal.
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
ALONG EDUCATIONAL LINES
PABT I.
Ignorance enslaves mankind and educa
tion aluminates nature and renders her
the servant of humanity. The enlarge
ment of man’s intellect gives inspiration
and power to conceive of and control nat
ural agencies, without which progress
cannot be made. Education means en
lightenment. and enlightenment means
liberty of thought, action and conception.
Who would not do obeisance to educa
tion?
A $1,000.000. OW are wasted in the
south every year. What comfort, luxury
and material advancement the saving of
this vast sum of money wou’d mean to
our people. Yet this statement is not a
magician » dream, nor the conception of
a diseased imagination, but is based on
definite facts and figures which science
has called to our attention. It is ths
duty and the privilege of the agricultural
colleges of the south to lead the van
guard in the great battle now being
waged for the conservation of our for
ests, of our agricultural lands, and of
our people. Responsibility rests heavily
upon these institutions, but their oppor
tunities are surpassed in no field of edu
cational activity, and if these institutions
are properly supported apd directed by
men who have the welfare of the country
at heart and are able to analyse the fu
ture, and project their work along lines
to meet the needs of coming generations,
they will amply fulfill their mission.
The earth feed* mankind most bounti
fully when attended with skill and wis
dom: it becomes a barren and unfruitful
waste when controlled by the slothful
and ignorant. Band mismanaged breeds
anarchy, and is the forerunner of a de
cadence in agriculture, art and industry.
We stand at the threshhold. or "that tide
tn the affairs of men.” which the immor
tal Shakespeare said, "When taken at
the flood leads on to fortune.” The pres
ent moment is fraught with peril, and the
future beckons on to greatness and mar
velous achievement. The south is being
weighed in the balance; accord to educa
tion her due, arouse and stimulate our
people to conserve and develop nature's
gifts, and the whole world must pay her
homage. For myself, I feel that the
south has already chosen, and that we
are to witness a development along edu
cational lines unsurpassed in the history
of the world, and out of this will grow
that substantial development of our in
dustries that conservation and redirec
tion of our agricultural activities which
will place us in an Impregnable position
for all time to come.
To be specific: What is education doing
for the advancement of southern agricul
ture at the present time? First of all.
the means by which the cattle tick may
be eradicated have been worked out and
placed at the disposal of state and na
tional governments. Our annual tribute
to this miserable parasite is conservative
ly estimated at 160.000.000. Can it be that
the progress of our live stock industries
has been and is being retarded because
of the presence of a parasite which may
be eradicated through the co operation of
the agencies mentioned in a period of ten
years? The old red hills with their
eroded faces look up to the unpitying
heavens and cry aloud for vegetable mat
ter. and alas, where is it to come from
in adequate quantity at a reasonable cost
save through the development of animal
industries? Nature intended the south to
be a great live stock country, and our
system of agriculture makes it imperative
that we engage in this class of farming.
It is more important that we do so now
with the high price of cotton than it
ever was before; and yet all that pre
vents our doing so is the presence of a
parasite the life history of which has
been unravelled, and the destruction of
which may be encompassed with unerr
ing certainty. It is estimated that the
census of 1910 will give the south a pop
ulation of 29,000,000. Is it possible that we
pay an annual tribute of virtually >2 per
capita to the cattle tick, and hold in
check that type of farming which will do
more to rejuvenate and give permanency
to our agriculture than anything else?
Nay we not say fervently and with due
reverence. "God speed the work of these
institutions?”
Substantial progress is being made In
calling the attention of the public to the
value of cotton seed and cotton seed by
products. A short crop has had some
thing to do with the great increase in
Made 41 Bales of Cotton
With Only One Mule
Read in our Farmers’ Year Book or Almanac for
1910 how a planter in Terrell County, Georgia,
made 41 bales of cotton with only one plow, a
record breaking yield, and he had a nine weeks’
drought—the worst in years. His gross income was
$2,098.47 for this crop. You can do it too
By Using
Virginia-Carolina
Fertilizers
liberally,combined with careful seed selection, thorough
cultivation, and a fair season. Ask your fertilizer dealer
for a copy of this free book, or write us for one. Be
sure you haul home only Virginia-Carolina Fertilizers
SALES OFFICES t
RkkaoaL Va. Atlaata, C«.
Mail at thia Caaaoa Norfolk. Va. kataaaah, Ga.
' ll '“Colaabia I C
▼ iBCtMIA CAIOLUU CkkMIOAL n-.k Mr-
Compant. „ " ,
Fe.M M.k «. coot o* roar 1910 I*.l. ■gV t
Faracro' Year Book free of coat. Cbarleoton. » C. ■UJ PCTtI I i
Baltiaore. M 4.
CWa.kat.Ca. KVlnrt
t- ■MB/ • jj
fca. Bheererort. La,
prices witnessed in 1909-1910. but the time
will never come when cotton seed and its
by-products will sink to the low level of
olden days. Cotton seed meal at $35 a ton
is the cheapest concentrate known for the
maintenance of all classes of live stock.
It is still an invaluable constituent of fer
tilizing mixtures, and it still holds the
key to that situation which unlocked will
make the south a great live stock country.
The farmer is being educated with a sur
prising degree of rapidity to turn over his
seed to the oil mill and have its value
magnified, while the forty to fifty million
dollars’ worth of oil which he has hith
erto been burying in the soil to no pur
pose is turned into the channels of com-
I merce. The farmer is being taught to
realize that he should, first of all, feed
cotton seed meal. For instance, he may
add two pounds of it to the daily ration
of corn now fed to his mules and extend
their period of service on the plantation
one or more years: for it is a fact that
ordinarily abou£ 1.5 pounds of protein are
fed per individual mule when nature in
dicates that at least 2.3 pounds should be
fed for each 1.000 pounds of live weight. To
withhold from the nutrition of the animal
what nature has shown to be essential is
to Invite an early destruction of the ani
mal’s utility, and this we find to be the
case, for in the city of Atlanta alone 40,000
mules were sold during the sale season
of 1906-1910 at a value of $9,000,000. The
colleges through their extension depart
ments are endeavoring to arouse an In
terest in live stock breeding, and to show
the farmer that he may produce for S6O
what is costing him $l9O. The breeding
of mules is one of our great neglected in
dustries. but every effort is being made
to stimulate it and conserve that part of
the cotton crop which is now annually
sent out of the state for the purchase of
something which may be raised at home.
• • •
A FARMERS LIBRARY.
The writer is frequently requested to
suggest the names of sets of books which
would be useful for farmers to purchase
and read. The following books can be
purchased for $12.95:
The Soil, by King.
The Fertility of the Land, by Roberts.
Fertilizers, by Voorhees.
Feeding of Animals, by Jordan.
Farm Poultry, by Watson.
h Diseases of Animals, by Mayo.
Principles of Fruit Growing, by Bailey.
Principles of Vegetable Gardening, by
Bailey.
Milk and Its Products, by Wing.
Spraying of Plants, by Lodeman.
Bush Fruits, by Card.
Farmer’s Business Handbook, by Rob
erts.
Os course, there are many others which
might be added to this list, and probably
some of these would not be of as much
Interest in some communities as others.
The college of agriculture will be glad
to consult and advise with all who desire
to secure reading libraries for their com
munities. If these books are read and the
suggestions put into practice immense
good is bound to result to the communty.
One community has already formed a
club and purchased the above set of
books. Loganville, Ga., is entitled to this
credit, and Mr. N. R. Bennett has been
the moving spirit in this matter. Who
will be the next to get in line and join
the movement for better farming which is
sweeping over the state?
• • •
Questions Answered
KEPING HOGS FROM MATING
A. A. J., Dublin, Ga., writes: I am in
terested in hog raising and would be glad
If you would send me a remedy to keep
my sows from mating, as it is too cold
to have them spayed. There is a com
pay that sells a remedy for 10 cents
a head, but I do not know their address.
We know of no remedy that will pre
vent animals from mating when they
get in heat provided the two sexes are
kept together, and we do not believe
any such remedy has ever been found.
The company who offers to sell a rem
edy at 10 cents per head certainly fig
ures on imposing on the public. The
only advice we can give you under the
circumstances is to separate the males
and females, or else castrate the males
and spay the females. We see no ob
jection to doing this work at any sea
son of the year, provided a little dis
infectant is used, such as creolin, chlo-
THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JO URNAL, ATLANTA, GEORGIA, FRIDAY. FEBRUARY 18. 1910.
How to Get Rid
of Catarrh
A Simple Safe, Reliable Way, and
it Costs Nothing to Try.
Those who suffer from catarrh know
Its miseries. There is no need of this
suffering. You can get rid of it by a
simple, safe, inexpensive, home treat
ment discovered by Dr. Blosser, who
for over 35 years, has been treating
catarrh successfully.
His treatment Is unlike any other.
It is not a spray, douche, salve, cream,
or Inhaler, but is a more direct and
thorough treatment than any of these.
It cleans out the head, nose, throat
and lungs so that you can again
breathe freely and sleep without that
stopped-up feeling that all catarrh
sufferers have. It heals the diseased
mucous membranes and arrests the
foul discharge, so that you will not
be constantly blowing your nose and
spitting, and at the same time it does
not poison the system and ruin the
stomach, as internal medicines do.
If you want to test this treatment
without cost, send your address to
Dr J. W. Blosser, 51 Walton Street,
Atlanta, Ga., and he will send you
by return mall enough of the medicine
to satisfy you that it is all he claims
for it as a remedy for catarrh, catarrh
al headaches, catarrhal deafness, asth
ma, bronchitis, colds and all catarrhal
complications. He will also send you
free an illustrated booklet. Write him
immediately.
ronaptholeum, or any of the cold tar
dips, to cleanse the wounds and induce
rapid healing. We have spayed and cas
trated anmials at all seasons of the year
without injurious results. Os course a
very cold, wet, blustery day might not be
an ideal time to choose for the work,
but it need not be put off for several
months, which we judge to be your plan
according to the suggestion made in
your letter.
• • •
DESTROYING WEEVILS IN GRAIN
E. A. D., Island Grove, Fla., writes:
How is the best way to keep seed corn
so it will be safe from the corn weevil
which is a great pest here in Florida?
Seed corn may be effectively protect
ed from the ravages of the weevil if it
is taken immediately on gathering and
placed in a tight box or bin and treated
with carbon bisulphide. It is desirable to
have the box lined with tin so as to
virtually make it air tight. The carbon
bisulphide should be used at the rate of
one pound to one ton of grain, or if the
treatment is given in an empty room,
one pound to 1,000 cubic feet of air
space. The bisulphide should be placed in
a dish or other convenient container
and placed on top the grain since the
fumes are heavier than air. The liquid
changes into the gaseous form very
quickly. The box should be left tight
ly closed for several hours, and the treat
ment should be repeated at intervals of
a few days for two or three times to
make certain that all the weevils from
any eggs that may hatch out are com
pletely destroyed. Since carbon bisul
phide is very inflammable, care should
be exercised in handling it to keep lights
away from it.
• • •
EVIDENCES OF LUNG WORM
I. B. G., Buchanan, Ga., writes: I
would like to know what to do for my
pigs; they appear to be run down and
exhausted and soon die. I first thought
they had gotten cotton seed, but I have
my doubts about this being the trouble.
I have lost three. They will try to eat
to within a short time of their death.
They have had good attention and good
quarters. Please give me your opinion
in the matter.
Your hogs are evidently infested with
lung worms; at least the symptoms giv
en in your letter would indicate this to
be the trouble. Thia la a parasite which
attacks both lambs and pigs, but the
latter most frequently, and while a va
viety of worms may attack the lungs,
the strongylus filaria is probably the
most common. The parasite does im
mense damage in Georgia, and but little
attempt has ever been made to check
its ravages because its presence has
often remained undetected, and there
fore it has been allowed to Infect vast
areas of land so completely that it will
take some time to get rid of it.
When this disease attacks hogs they
generally fall away rapidly, are subject
to fits of coughing, and sometimes raise
mucus containing the threads. When
the coughing continues there is diffi
cult breathing and the animals often die
rather quickly. Where the animals are
in good condition the best thing to do
is to sell them immediately. All well
animals should then be isolated and put
on a piece of ground away from the in
fested quarters. Treatment for this
trouble is unsatisfactory. The best plan
is to put the animals in a close room
or tent and fumigate with sulphur. The
attendant should stay in the room with
head on a level with the hogs until he
can stand the fumes no longer, and then
fresh air should be admitted. This
treatment should be given once dally for
three or four days. Another treatment
is to inject medicine into the windpipe
by means of a hypodermic syringe, but
it is best to have a veterinarian do this.
A good mixture to use is one part of
turpentine to two parts of cotton seed
oil.
• • •
STRING HALT AND ITS TREATMENT
J. A. 8., writes: I have a nice young
mule four years old that has string halt.
I would like to know if there is any
cure for it? When I work her hard and
let her stand she is string half first in
one hind leg and then another.
String halt is virtually an incurable
disease; in other words, medicinal treat
ment seldom proves successful. 1..e first
thing to do is to look after the diet. Care
ful feeding and tonics are sometimes
beneficial. The food should be nutritious
and easily digested, and should be as va
ried in character as possible. Many farm
ers make a serious mistake in feeding
their mules on corn and pulled fodder
alone. A greater variety in the ration
is essential. Such a ration can be improv
ed by the use of some cotton-seed meal.
The farmer should try to grow some cow
pea vine hay, or better still, some vetch
and oat hay, and have a rye pasture or
some other green feed available to turn
his animals on at odd times during the
winter when the ground is not so wet
as to be injured by tramping. If these
suggestions were carried out, there would
be much less trouble from indigestion and
other ills which follow it in horses and
mules. Oats, oil meal and bran fed to
gether prove the most satisfactory diet
to feed animals with this trouble. Four
ounces of common salt, ounces of sul
phur and 2 ounces of hard wood ashes
mixed together and a tablespoonful given
three times a week will sometimes prove
helpful. Fowler’s solution of arsenic may
sometimes be given in half-ounce doses
in the weed once daily with good results.
The dose shouhlcbe increased about one
fourth of an ounce a day until one ounce
is given in the morning and at night.
The treatment ;4iould be discontinued at
the end of two weeks for a fortnight
and then repeated. Care should be ex
ercised not to continue it too long. In
some cases an operation will relieve
OVER W,111,Ml SPENT
ON MOM IN GEORGIA
Officials Unearth Nearly $2,-
000,000 Not Credited to
State Before
That some $2,000,000 more than Georgia
has ever been credited heretofore with
spending on the education of her young
will be uncovered and spread on the rec
ords this year is the belief of the state
school department. Until now the state
of Georgia has been credited in national
compilations with some few
thousand dollars more than the annual
appropriation of $2,250,000 each year, be
cause the department could not get at
other sources of money spent for educa
tion. As a matter of fact, the state has
been known to spend much more than she
was given credit for spending, and it was
with the idea of securing that credit and
of establishing Georgia high up among
the states where she belongs in matters
of education that the state school de
partment Inaugurated its new effort a few
months ago. A story in The Journal in
serted the opening wedge in that search.
New forms were printed by the state
department, to include Incidental fees,
tuition fees, local taxation funds, munici
pal aid funds, bequests, sale of school
property, and all other sources from
which money might come to be spent by
the schools. The counties are reporting
thoroughly, and with the information al
ready at hand the department believes
the state will in this single year almost
double the showing she has been mak
ing heretofore.
As an illustration of the workings of
the new system, one mountain county of
Georgia is cited by the department. For
syth county’s commissioner first reported
a total of $10,493.68 received for purposes
of education. The report now shows $14,-
224.83. Another county, in its report re
cently received, showed SIO,OOO that it has
never shown before.
string halt, but this should only be per
formed by a competent veterinarian.
• • •
SUITABLE FERTILIZERS FOR CORN
AND COTTON.
C. A. R., Winston-Salem, N. C„
writes: I read the agricultural columns
in The Journal with a great deal of
pleasure, as to me they are full of in
formation. I want to ask your opinion
of the following formulas for corn and
tobacco. My land is on the order of
second bottom on part, in another part
it is red soil, and in another sandy gray
with yellowish red subsoil. Would also
like a fertilizer for peas and clover.
500 lbs. Thomas phosphate $4.44
700 lbs fish guano..
400 lbs. nitrate of soda ’ -o
100 lbs. nitrate of potush.. z*;
300 lbs. muriate of potash 630
2,000 lbs $36.94
500 lbs., Thomas phosphate M 44
700 lbs. cottonseed meal u »
400 lbs. nitrate of soda..
400 lbs. muriate of potash » 40
2,000 lbs - $33.24
SOO lbs. fish guano $!•J®
200 lbs dried blood »00
200 lbs. nitrate of soda
200 lbs. nitrate of potash 4.«0
100 lbs kalnit J"
500 ibs. muriate of potash - i 0
2,000 lbs
90 lbs. Thomas phosphate $
10C lbs. nitrate of soda.. 2.30
800 lbs. dried blood 1 . ,
400 lbs. sulphate of potash *■*)
2,000 lbs
1,000 lbs. Thomas phosphate $ 3.86
100 lbs. nitrate of potash, •• ■“
600 lbs. dried blood ,
300 lbs. sulphate of potash t, :w
2,000 lbs 3 s3«.'Jt>
We are pleased to note that you find
The Journal helpful In your farming op
erations. It is certainly the wish of
those in charge of the work to make
it as serviceable to Its subscribers as
possible, and it is, of course, encourag
ing to know that those who read it find
it helpful.
The best grades of Thomas slag now
on the market contain from 13 to 16 per
cent of available phosphoric acid. Pre
suming this material to contain 16 per
cent of available phosphoric acid, it is
equal in fertilizing value to the high
est grade of acid phosphate now on the
market. We are inclined to think from
the figures quoted in your letter that
you can probably secure acid phosphate
somewhat cheaper than Thomas slag,
and If this be true, we would suggest
that you use it. Roughly speaking, ni
trate of soda is evidently quoted to
you at about $46 per ton, fish guano at
S4B a ton, blood at $46 a ton, and cotton
seed meal at $32 a ton. According to
the figures given, nitrate of soda will
furnish you the nitrogen in the cheapest
form. Next to this will probably come
dried blood, third cotton seed meal, and
fourth, fish guano. Under the circum
stances, it would appear to be to your
Interest to use nitrate of soda and blood
as the chief sources of nitrogen. This,
of course, provided you can purchase
high-grade blood at the figures quoted.
Blood, as you know, contains 12 to 14
per cent of nitrogen, and you should
endeavor to secure the 14 per cent grade.
We would not attempt to use nitrate of
potash in this fertilizer, for muriate at
the price quoted is cheaper than any
thing else you can use.
Where you have a mixed soil, such as
you describe, it is not possible to pre
pare a fertilizer for each section. You
will have to determine upon some gen
eral formula to use. A very good for
mula for corn under the circumstances
would be the following: Mix together
1,100 pounds of 16 per cent Thomas
slag or acid phosphate. 300 pounds of
high-grade blood, and 200 pounds of mu
riate of potash. This will make 1,600
pounds in all. To this should be added
400 founds of rich woods earth, or well
rotted finely pulverized lot manure. This
fertilizer will contain approximately 2.1
per cent of nitrogen, 8.8 per cent of
phosphoric acid and 3.0 per cent of pot
ash. It should be used under corn at
the rate of 300 to 500 pounds per acre.
For tobacco, which requires heavier
fertilization with all three elements, we
would suggest the use of 1,200 pounds
of phosphate, 500 pounds of blood and
300 pounds of potash. This fertilizer
would contain approximately 3.5 per
cent of nitrogen, 9.6 per cent of phos
phoric acid and 7.5 per cent of potash.
We would suggest the use of 100 to 200
pounds of nitrate of soda as a top
dressing on both corn and tobacco ir
the growth of leaf and stem Is not as
vigorous as you desire. In this case we
would make two applications of 100
pounds each, believing that by doing so
you will secure better results.
For cowpeas and other leguminous
crops, a 10-4 fertilizer used at the rate
of 200 to 300 pounds per acre is about
all that Is necessary.
ORCHARD ITEMS
Fruit th«t has been shaken from the tree*
should never be stored for winter keeping.
An Indiana authority says that not one farmer
in 1.000 in that Aitate plants an orchard and
takes care of it.
In the Hood river country in Oregon where
some of the finest fruit in the world is raised
the farmers have formed unions for mutual in
struction and also to aid each other in keeping
up prices. A good plsn.
B- The Rural
elepiione Brings
the Whole
ountry Together
longer necessary to feel that because
the country you must always be more
ed from your friends —that you have
I drive every time you want to chat with
» trading. Nowadays, a
phone System
i a telephone on every farm at a cost so low
e of cotton or thirty bushels of wheat will
•inging the wires—connecting the telephone* |
—is bu Bimpjc mai juu auu yuui usiguuuis van uuuu me line in a few days. •
® Think what it would mean to have your friends —your doctor—everybody, every-
where around—within talking distance at any time of the day or night. ( ‘
All that you need do is to send us a postal requesting our free illustrated book No. 91,
which explains how you and your neighbors can get all materials and build your own line*
in a few days. Address nearest house listed below.
WESTERN ELECTRIC COMPANY
SOUTHERN OFFICES:
280 Lee Street, Pacific and Ervay Streets,
ATLANTA, GA. Manufacturers of the DALLAS, TEXAS
Queen and Water Streets, 4 500 000 Foot of Ferry Street,
PORTSMOUTH, VA. "W y <l<pk( , BeJ SAVANNAH. GA.
KINDNESS TO ANIMALS PAYS WELL
Good Treatment Effects Disposition of Farm Animals and
Increases Their Market Value
By J. M. Kelly
Only a few centurk- ago the
ancestors of more of us w’ece
barbarians without local habitation,
and living largely by the products
of the chase. In the course of time a few
of the wild animals about them were do
mesticated. At first probably for play
things for the children, and for compan
ionship for adults, and finally for their
value as food and clothing. Then the pas
toral life began.
When in his upward development man
becarhe wise enough to teach the ox and
the horse to draw a load, when he found
that either of them could, as a draft ani
mal, do as much work as 10 men, and that
by using one of them man could increase
his productive power ten-fold, and by
using two, twenty-fold, and finally when
he learned how to teach four or six of
them to work as a unit, then man had in
creased his working efficiency forty and
sixty-fold, respectively. Then he became
able to produce more food than himself
and family required, and he also had the
means of transporting the surplus to con
siderable distances. Then commerce grew
and civilization began.
The money value of the domestic ani
mals of the United States exceeds $3,000.-
000,000. What part of this value comes
through their domestication cannot be ac
curately stated, but it is a very large
part, as one will admit if he considers of
how little value would be all the horses
if at once they were to return to their
original state as wild horses: or If the
cattle all at once could be changed to the
condition, the nature, and the disposition
of the wild cattle of the original forest
and plain.
It is probable that more than 50 per
cent of this value comes through the kind
treatment their ancestors have received,
and which has changed their disposition,
so that this disposition is now inherited,
and also is strengthened by continued
kind treatment.
All who handle farm animals know
that their value is affected by their dis
position. This disposition comes from the
state of the animal’s mind: and the state
of his mind toward us depends upon how
we are treating him, whether kindly or
cruelly. By kindness he is made trustful,
fearless, and docile; by cruelty, sus
picious, fearful and intractable.
That animals have a mind is a fact
that all who have to do with them should
realize. They are not like the machinery
of the farm, which if a man neglects and
misuses, hurts only his pocket book, but
if he neglects and misuses his animals,
he not only injures his pocketbook but
does himself a more grievous wrong.
Sometimes probably, there will be written
a psychology of the lower animals, as
there is now a psychology of the highest
animal. There is ample material for it.
and it would be a profitable study for all
engaged in animal husbandry.
Animals have memory, they remember
where to get food and drink, where they
were comfortable, where they were in
jured and where frightened. They re
member where their home is and often, if
taken from it will travel long distances,
climb high mountains, and swim wjde
rivers to return. They remember the
voice of a kind master, and manifest joy
at hie coming: they also remember the
voice of a cruel master, and will flee at
its sound, or if flight is impossible, will
plainly manifest their horror at his ap
proach.
They have curiosity, especially the
young, and will examine a new object
with great care, looking at it from all
sides, and from various directions; they
will smell of it, taste of it, and with
their sensitive lips, feel of it. They seem
to enjoy acquiring knowledge.
They are sociable. To them there is
a pleasure in the society of others of
their kind, hence they go in herds and
flocks, and even sometimes they show
great pleasure In the companionship of
animals belonging to an entirely differ
ent order from their own, for example,
a horse and a dog have been known to
Chlcag-o, Bait St. Louis, St. Joseph, Kinin City, Oklahoma City.
fertilizer _ I
. . ’ manufacturers o, • V
MOR R M PAN Y
“Supreme” and Blood. Bone
“Southernßig’ and Tankage
Brands Fertilizers
ATLANTA
It does not cost you anything extra to insure your crop against failure if you use <4Su
preme” and “Southern Big” brands of fertilizer. You run no risk of the blighting, stinting
and shedding that arises from insufficient nourishment when you invest in the best forms of plant
Blood. Bone and Tankage is now recognized as the best and most continuous plant food
in existence and it acts equally through wet seasons and periods of drought. All our fertilizers
are made of blood, bone and tankage. They cost no more than the other kind and make bigger
crops.
Then why not?
be very congenial companions, also a
cow and a pig.
They are capable of forming habits,
and the great, law by which their habits
are formed is the one by which man
forms his habits, repetition, and they,
like man, are bundles of habits. The
chains of habit are strong to bind them.
They have individuality. As no two
people are quite alike, so no two animals
are exactly like. Two horses of a team
may very closely resemble each other
in outward appearance, and yet be quite
unlike in their dispositions. Two cows
may look very much alike and yet the
thoughtful observer, or dairyman will
know that in minds they differ widely.
They have their likes and dislikes.
Some horses on a farm do not like cer
tain other horses, while for certain other
horses they show great friendship, and
sometimes there is a horse toward which
all are friendly. Some horses cannot en
dure certain men, while for other men
they show a marked preference. Like
wise they seem to enjoy doing certain
kinds of work, while for other kinds of
work, they manifest so great a dislike,
that they will not do it, can neither be
coaxed or driven to it. Some cows like
certain milkers and for them of course
TREATMENT OF GRASS LAND
Presence of Noxious Weeds Does Much to Cut Down the
Value of Grass Land
By C. S. Miller
The treatment of grass land in this
countrv leaves much to be desired. It
would appear as if many farmers were
satisfied to take any natural vegetation
as good enough for grazing purposes.
Everyone knows that the feeding power
of different fields varies considerably.
We have the hillside where as many as
30 acres or more would be required to
keep a beast alive and we have the rich
land that can fatten a bullock and a
sheep to the acre. There is an inclina
tion 'o submit to this as inevitable in
the nature of things. Although there
are very definite limitations to possi
bilities of improvement of grass land it
could easily be made capable of support
ing more grazing stock, or of yielding
heavier crops of hay than it does at
present.
The first condition of improvement of
much of our grass land is drainage; but
this is rather a matter of land improve
ment than a farming proper, and it
should be treated of in its proper place.
Next, the prevalence of weeds is a se
rious matter, and is well within the
power of the farmer. Some of these
weeds furnish an indication of the re
quirements of the land. The special
weeds of wet land are known to most.
The weeds of poor grass land include
an eye daisy, mouse ear chickweed,
speedwell, eyebright ‘ and others. Most
of these will disappear when the land is
well manured, the improved grass chock
ing them out. The weeds of good land
must be treated in a different way. Some
are so troublesome that the only way,
when thev have been allowed to get too
far ahead, is to break up the pasture.
This always should be avoided when
there is anv other chance of success, as
a good pasture takes years to re-estab
lish after breaking it up. The most
difficult of this class to eradicate are
the creeping buttercup and sllverweed.
These have wonderful vitality and no
live stock will eat them. Many weeds
can be gotten rid of by prevention of
seeding. The various umelliferea, such
as wild carrot, cow-parsnip, hemlock,
etc., also ragweed and thistles may be
kept down by mowing In due time.
I SAWMILLS
All sizes built. Have the most accurate Set Works
and best Variable Feed Works, Saws. Edgers,
Trimmers. Swing Saws. Lath and Shingle Ma
chinery, Planers, Resaws, Engines, etc.
■iisfs<tar*4 by Writ* far Free Caitlefaa
SALEM IRON WORKS. Winston-Salem. N. C
CTDAIIf BERRY Send $2.50 for 1,000 plants.
Q I Kfl If PLANTS Can furnish Klotdyke, I
Übompsun. etc.
JOHN LIGHTFOOT. DEPT. A.,
Chattanooga, Tenn.
ABIIINOH ■’’—3k., B«!.A Books, for 1 Testing
BsT 1" A N I M Gold, Silver and Hidden Trewures.
MH Iwn Fully Onranteßd. Bookie: Free.
V Addi Ms. F.«M. AOENCY.ZOZZIk Sl.,Palmyr*,P*.
«'■ ' 11 ■" J" J— J—
give their richest milk and in largest
quantity, while for others they will
' "hold up” their milk. As a rule these
are not blind and senseless whims, but
both the likes and dislikes had their
origin in some previous experience which
formed a reasonable basis for the mani
fested love or hatred.
A Chance to Make Money
Yes, elegant free homesteads can still
be had in Mexico where many Americans
are now locating. You need not go to
Mexico, but are required to have five
acres of fruit trees planted within five
years. For information address the
Jantha Plantation Co., Block 580, Pitts
burg, Pa. They will plant and car* for
your trees on shares, so you should make
a thousand dollars a year. It is never
hot, never cold. The health conditions
are perfect.
Docks are of a tougher nature, but they
may be usually pulled by the root when
the ground is soft after rain. Docks
produce a wonderful Quantity of seed,
and trouble in their Eradication is well
repaid.
Some plants that become positive
pests on pasture land cannot grow on g
meadows. These include the common
daisy hawkseed. There are two para
sitic weeds oi grass iand:, brootirape
lives partly on the roots of clover, and
yellow rattle on grass roots. These are
not so troublesome on well-drained land
as where there is too much moisture.
A few plants commonly regarded as
r>eeds, may be an advantage to grass
lands, when they are there in modera- •
tion.
The common dandelion, plantain and
the various wild vatches are among
these. Wild garllck is a most objec
tionable weed where dairy cattle are
fed, as it destroys the flavor of the,
milk, but it is beneficial in modera
tion on fattening land. On poor, dry
land, naturally unsuitable to the growth
of grass, yarrow and sheep’s parsley
may be encouraged as both make good
sheep feed, and their deep roots make
them more or less independent of sur
face moisture. Moss is a very com
mon pest of grass land in districts
where the atmosphere is damp. It de
pends more on the state of the air than
the land.
We frequently hear the explanation *
that it shows want of drainage, but
this could not be the case, as moss
flourishes on dry’ banks as well as any- j
where else. Neither is it due to pov- Lj
erty of land, for it is often found on
the best of land. The only way to deal
with moss is to commerce with a
thorough harrowing so as to dislodge 4
the moss. It is then collected and de
stroyed. This is done in the autumn
and should be followed with a good
dressing of lime and • salt compost or
farmyard manure.
JACKSON. Ga—Georgia day was generally • I
served throughout the schools of the county
yesterday.
5
