About Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920 | View Entire Issue (Jan. 2, 1912)
4 ■The SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL ATLANTA. GA b XOBTH FOBBYTH 81, at tb* Atlanta Poet of flea a* MaU |S|g Matter of the Second Ciaaa. ] Hl JAMES *■ GBAY, IggL Praaldant and Editor. ( HI SUMCBIPTION PB.ICZ amatba tPOBttW j|^BTbr"s*ml-Weekly Journal la pabliabed co and Friday, and Is mailed by the rente* foe early delWery. BK It coeta'.oa new* frvtu all o»er the world, breacht by apedal lea«ed wlrea Into cor office. ■ It ku I ctaff of dtatlncniated contributor*. With etmeg department* of apeelal ralue to tba and th* farm. BBF Ayenta wasted at eeery poet office. U neral XMaaiaaioa allowed Outfit free. Write to MR. B. BRADLEY. Clrralattoa Dept. ■ The only traveltny representative* we bare | are J. A. Bryan. B. F. Bolton. C. C. C«lh. f I. H Kimbrough and C. T. Yatea. We will be responsible only for money paid to tba aboee tamed traveling representative* FMOTICT TO SUBSCRIBERS The label need foe addressing your pay r «bo«r» the time your subscription expin*. Ry renewing at least two weeks before the date on this label, and insum regular service. Bl l* ordering paper changed, be sure H to aaenttoo yowr nM. a* well as your ■ new address. If on s rural route V I please |rtv* tba route number. ■ We enanot ester aubocrtpticns tn be ■ gtn with back number*. Remittance* ahoold be sent by postal order or regia f | terod mat!. Address all orders and notices for this W I department tn THE SEMI WEEKLY JOURXAL. Atlanta. Ga. fe' W Begin now to write it "1812.” V F Where is the old-fashioned beau who [ made new year calls? i Where is the old-fashioned really, ■ yellow newsapper? B Where is the old-fashioned low cost ■ of eggs and other foodstuffs? 1 I Turks whip Italians after 24-hour tat- i tie. Turks lost seven killed. Some bat s The republic of China is still too young | to fall into the grain of the Republican [ But you must say this for the weath- I er forecaster —he can't please every k A spring poet who is any spring poet g at all. will begin now on the season s I - I Suppose eotton is a bit off—isn't the I American farmer worth nearly ten bil -1 tan ' I I “ Indcations are that all the “in sight”, ■ supply of Christmas turkey hash has ■ Men consumed • «. uo says ...ere is no longer romance, wtlen it is reported that Lillian Russell _ will marry a fourth time? ;• «—■■ —— Jt doeant seem exactly seasonable to hive an ice war in Atlanta so far in advance of spring. • About the best you can say of this weathet is that it is the usual thing at this time of year. ff Some of these candidates will wish later on that they had made new year b resolutions not to run. I Colonel Roosevelt seems to be careful » ' to* provide for any future war record I . t L't-'i'x ■ drtlou of flntuuiOHk! .»—^l—lH-I week ■ at the same titnX ,\fjinta will be busy | about the middle <y» s February. I Mr. Edison says he doesn j like to I thin* while he reads, and we know now ■ what tome of our fiction is good for. J I This is the last day for 1911 habits f a good many people will not renew to them until the middle of next January. i • The most prevalent form of new year * greetings for most of us Monday will be bills for the things we bought Christ- 1 . Bias I That Cincinnati millionaire who gave F g Christmas party to 75 servants took en* way es solving the servant prob- ' tan | We like to be optimistic, but we can t help feeling that 1911 will be a repeti tion of the one thing after another prop osition . I Persons who inadvertently forgot to send ua Christmas presents may repair the omission by sendin* them in time New Tear’s. As Harry K. Thaw's main creditor Bia his mother, there would seem to be Ba likelihood that he would Le left with ■ enough to worry along on. ■ Colonel Roosevelt's hypocrisy club blds I fair to outdo anything he ever organized I in the way of an Annanias organtza ■ tion. ■ LaFollette says he favors suffrage for ■ women—Note- for everybody The sena- J tor evidently believes that the more the ■ merrier X ■ Now that the various wars over the are quieting down, maybe we can Braettle back to the prosaic business of B making a living. B The Italian force suffered a defeat. It ■ takes happenings like this to remind us ■ occasionally that the Turkish-Italian ■ fight is still going on. ■ The New York Sun takes a fling at I ’possum as a dish, and yet we had K thought the Sun was beginning to un ■ derstand the south better. N Wonder if China will have her Taft, j L her Rpoi-evelt. her Wilson and I^aFol-! B lette and Andrew Carnegie and so on. j now that she is a republic? Roosevelt declares ahat he will not Itereafter divulge any of the secrets his friends confide tn him. Most of us would practice that policy as a matter of course. The south is coming into her own again at Washington. The news these days is full of accounts of the aeltvities of southern men in public life. It is fine . to think that, while we are advancing Isp rapidly in commercial development. : we are also producing the nation's share ! of statesmen, which we. as a section, have always done and will continue to do for years to come. HOODS PILLS=t Best for all liver Ills. Try them. It means a vast deal when so eminent an authority aa Dr. George T. Powell, of the Agricultural Experts Station of New York, declares that as an apple growing country, north Georgia is one of the most richly favored regions in all the world. Such an estimate should arouse our own state to new interest in horticul ture, and should attract investors from the country at large. It should furthermore furnish a fresh incentive to all ments for the exploitation of Georgia’s natural resources. At the luncheon given in his honor last week, Dr. Powell ad dressed a company of Atlanta business men, and it w r as on that occasion that he paid this remarkable tribute to the state’s possi bilities for apple growing. His remarks were in no sense the mere ly pleasant compliment of a guest, but the well advised report of the world-renowned specialist who had investigated actual condi tions. Prior to his Atlanta visit, Dr. Pow’ell had spent much time examining a number of large tracts of land in north Georgia, notably in Habersham and Rabun counties. “I found,” said he. “a soil that is a wonderful combination of sandy loam, ted loam, and clay, that is fully supplied with humus. It is practically vir gin soil. With an elevation of from fifteen hundred to two thousand feet, climatic conditions of the most desirable character are assured; such as warm, sunny days, and cool night temperatures, which give to the apple its highest flavor and its most beautiful color. The rolling character of the land assures perfect natural drainage, while its high elevation renders it eminent ly free from those fungus diseases that in many sections are ulsastrous, to the foliage and also to the fruit of the trees.” It is an anomalous fact that the consumers of this and many neighboring cities should now be paying a dollar a dozen for apples shipped from distant corners of the continent, when at our very gateway lie such fertile opportunities for producing this much sought fruit. Apple raising, like many other useful and profitable industries, has long been neglected in Georgia, but happily the people are at length awakening to their opportunities. It has been only a few years since pecan growing became of measurable importance. To day it furnishes occupation for hundreds of people and is one of the state’s most valuable investments. So has it been with poultry culture. In this field there is a great deal yet to be done, but public interest has been aroused, and if it continues to grow at the, present rate, Georgia will soon have progressed beyond the point where she must purchase fifty per cent of her poultry and poultry prod ucts from foreign markets, and she will have become an exporter. What is true of this industry is destined to become true of ap ple growing, and those who first realize the possibilities of this future will be the first to reap its rewards. In soil and climate and market facilities, as Dr. Powell has pointed out, north Georgia is exceptionally w ell adapted to the production of apples. In portions of the far west men are spending great sums of money, in transforming arid lands into orchards. Within a few hours’ ride of Atlanta are thousands of acres which Nature herself has admirably and completely prepared for this purpose. When these facts are brpught to the notice of investors and when they are fully realized by our own people, the state will have Acquired an other rich source of wealth and prosperity. INDUSTRY AND THE &OLL IVEEYIL From Tennessee comes the interesting announcement that the Southern Railway company and affiliated lines, through their cot ton culture department, have begun a vigorous campaign against the spread of the boll weevil during 1912. As an initial step, the railways have sent forth thirteen agricultural experts to advise the farmers of their territory as to the most means for fore- peat. I A more timely work, and one more proper Tor the railroads to undertake, cannot well be conceived. It is an example that manu facturing and commercial interests at largp will do well to follow, for upon the solution of the boll weevil problem depends very largely the future prosperity of this section and all its business undertakings. The fact is, the relationship between industrial and farming enterprises is, at every point, one of the closest interdependence. The volume of traffic, the freedom of investments, the prosperity of mills and banks and shops are all, in this section at least, based upon the products of the soil. It is, therefore, vitally essential that our industrial interests should awaken to the fact that the south faces invasion from a parasite that is deadly to our chief money crop. It is calculated that within another year the boll weevil will have crossed the bor ders of Georgia. Unless something is done to check its advance and to cope with its arrival, the entire state will inevitably suffer. This particular movement on the part of the Southern railway is not to be confined to territory that is already infested or that is in imminent peril. It will extend as far as there is a possibility of danger and will be made a campaign of prevention as well as relief. It is much to be hoped that work of just this character will be inaugurated throughout the south, for thus alone can the cot ton crops of the future be saved. ROOSEVELT AND LA FOLLETTE. Never was Republican politics so motley as today. It is gen erally conceded, to be sure, that Mr. Taft will be the party’s nom inee for 1912; that is what may be called a cut-and-dried conclu sion. In the meantime, however, the bold sallies of Battle Bob and the soft-footed maneuverings of the Big Hunter divide the rank and file of the faithful. Nobody asks, “What is a Republi can?” For. such a question is clearly unanswerable. Mr. Taft undoubtedly has the convention votes in hand. But Senator La Follette is getting an immense amount of fun out of his eleventh-hour campaign, and Colonel Roosevelt welcomes the chance to return to headlines. The tactics of these two are radical ly diverse. La Follette has blown his trumpet and has galloped as far as he can into the thick of the contest. With his characteristic love of dramatic effect, he has invaded the president’s home state and in town after town is attacking the policies and acts of the present administration. He leaves no one in doubt as to just where he stands and just what he is after. He is out-surging the most rad ical of the insurgents. Yesterday he declared patly for woman suf frage, the recall of judges and for other measures concerning which the average politician of the day prefers to remain, for the time being, quiescent. He has gone so far as even to avow his in dependence of partly lines. Roosevelt, on the contrary, is “quietly maneuvering for the nomination.” This hot man of impulse, as he was once considered, has suddenly been transformed into taciturnity itself. He dis claims any self-interest in the politics of the day, but at the same time he lets his name remain on the primary ticket in Nebraska v and by divers little knocks and kicks he continues to do all he can to discredit the Taft administration. It seems pretty clear that Mr. Roosevelt is making ready to grasp the nomination, should there appear any chance of his being elected and to decline it if de feat seems the more likely. From the standpoint of pure politics, he is playing the astutest game of them all. If the Republican nominee were to be chosen in open pri maries, Mr. Taft’s outlook would be rather cloudy. But the nom inee is to be selected by convention delegates. For the president that simplifies matters wonderfully. He has the delegates, so far as present indications go, and there is little likelihood that they can be wrested from him. . . THE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, JANTfARY 2, 1912. GEORGIA APPLES. 1911 and the Calendar—l9l2 By Bishop W. A. Candler The old year is behind us and the new year is at hand. Like all the years they are in christendom “th« years of our Lord”; for in the numerals 1911 and 1912 we see his image and ■Superscription. In the most enlightened nations of the world all events are dated from the time of his birth. A foolish man can not print a book which denies his claims to be the Son of God without dating its publication with reference to the time of his advent in the flesh. The multi plied thousands of newspapers and other periodicals which issue dally, weekly, and monthly from the millions of presses in the world, go forth with a tribute to his power and influence printed in their date lines. Both his followers and his foefc unite in this tribute to Him. All business enterprises mark their movements and fix the time of their transactions by the same mark. The vast volume of commercial papers, as bonds, stocks, notes, mortgages, and accounts, on their face tell that he has come into the world. Congresses and parliaments, judicial and legislative bodies, attest their proceedings by his sign manual. Great railways point to his birth by the date of their schedules, and the log books of all the ships that sail the seas take account* of the star of Bethlehem. Nothing of importance in all christendom can escape the touch of his pierced hand. The year 1 A. D. is the bench mark 000 from 'which all events in mod ern history take their start and from which their level is measured. There have been calendars before the Christian calendad. but they have all passed to make way for its domination. Time past has been measured by the Olympiads of the Greeks, the Consu lates of the Romans, and the Eponyms of tl?e Babylonians; but all -those signs have faded out of sight. For a long pe riod the letters “A.U.C.” testified to the fact that the worlds time was dated from the foundation of the city of Rome. Another calendar dated from Alexander the Great, and still another from Julius Caesar. But all these eras have van ished, no mark which the time they undertook to measure has not ef faced in its ever flowing currents. But ‘‘•the year of our Lord” is cut too deeply into history ever to be washed out with the flow of the centuries. If the stars in the firmament had concerted' together to set in radiant characters the name of the Christ on the nightly skies, the spectacle would not be more significant and sublime than this imprint of the name of Jesus on the of history. How shall we account for a fact so strange and so striking? It is beyond the reach of priest-craft to have,accomplish ed, even if the first followers of Christ had desired to bring to pass such a re s It. All the statesmen and all -the phil osophers of the world could not have achieved such a thing without the pre vailing power of Christ going before them and making such a result possible. About the year A.D. 525 an obscure Ro man Abbot, Dionysius Exiguus, began to figure in his Eas-ter tables “AB INCAR NATIONE DOMINI”; but a decade or more after that time the Emperor Jus tinian proclaimed a decree that all pub lic documents should be dated by the year of the Emperor, the name of the consul, and the Indiction or tax-period. But this decree availed nothing. In a few years the name -f Jesus had wrought such a spell over men that they wiped out all former date lines, and began to count the years from what they believed was -the day of his birth, as if all that had gone before Him was nothing and that with his coming mankind found a new starting point for its life. Since then other attempts have been made to fix another point of departure for reckoning time; tout they have all failed of general acteeptance,' and have been abandoned as vaffi. The astronomer, Laplace, proposed that time be meas ured from A. D. 1250, when the major axis of the earth’s orbit was at right angles with the line of the equinoxes. He argued that time ought not to be meas ured from events on the earth and the fleeting names of human history, but by the majestic movements of the heavenly bodies. Nevertheless his proposal went for nought. Back of the stars a hand too powerful for the astronomer to restrain by his scientific calculations. The Revolutionists of France, intoxica ted with vanity and overestimating the disturbance they were making, tried to measure time from the year A. D. 1793, which year they proposed to call “the Year One,” as marking the beginning of a new departure in human history. The French Assembly so ordained, and the frenzied populace, drunken with self importance and infidelity, hailed the de cree with enthusiastic acclamations. But that calendar lasted only fifteen years. Mohammedan nations count the years from the Hegira, A. D. 622; but their counting does not count among the great nations of the world and is scarcely re spected now among themselves even. It was first imposed by force; but the pow er of the Cross has overcome the sword of the Caliph Omar, and the Moslem almanac supplies n 6 time-measure for men beyond the narrow limits within which the foul and dying creed of Islam degrades and enfeebles some semi-bar barous nations. Only the birth of Christ sends its light across all the seas and ever all the lands with every rising day and all the passing years. Without a show of effort Jesus has made the centuries in their courses witness to His divine nature and super human power. What could not be accom plished by imperial decrees and national assemblies and fiery crusaders He has done with power silent and sublime as A YEAR OF AIR FATALITIES. Noteworthy among the fatalities of the old year-are those inci dent to the exploits of aviation. In the United States twenty-six birdmen have died on the field of flight, an equal number iu France, and in Germany nineteen. The world’s total amounts to ninety-nine. It will be interesting to know how the price which men are paying for their conquest of the air compares with that which the sea exacted of their forbear long centuries ago. Certain it is that the progress of sailing vessels and the steamship towards complete mastery of the waves was no less toilsome or perilous than that of the aeroplane. Whatever secrets man has wrested from Na ture have cost him dearly in pains and sacrifice; and in this re spect his aerial adventures are no more exacting than those which have gone before. It is, nevertheless, a fact commonly observed that these dis asters of the past twelve months have occurred for the most part not in straight-away flying, but in field contests and in the perform ance of spectacular feats. The distance from St. Louis to New York has been covered in security and ease; and the entire stretch of the continent has been .safely traversed. Many other crdss-country flights remarkable for the difficulties they over came have been accomplished, without injury or loss of life. It has been almost entirely in aerodrome exhibitions that the fatal ities have occurred. In the past three years the loss of life in aviation has steadily increased. In 1908, there was but one death in this field of en deavor; in 1909 there were four; in 1910 there were thirty-two, and in 1911 approximately one hundred. This increase has been due in part, of course, to the growing number of aeroplanes, but more largely, no doubt, to the spirit of recklessness that has pos sessed the followers of the new art. As aviators become more cautious, and as the patient constructive side of their work is duly emphasized, we shall have greater progress and less danger. Hr « SB ' - BISHOP W. A. CANDLES the turning of the earth on its axis! As Jean Paul Richter has said, “Jesus being the Holiest among the mighty and the Mightiest among the holy, has lifted w’ith his pierced hands empires off their hinges, has turned the stream of the centuries out of its channel, and still governs the ages.” Such being -the case, how foolish and futile are all the efforts of men to re duce the Christ of history to a mere Galiieean myth. Men do not measure time by myths any more than they lay land lines by the mists of the morning. Christ stands firm in history as its Lord and Ruler. As Dr. Henry Van Dyke has said most forcibly in his admirable work, “The Gospel for An Age of Doubt,” “The person of Jesus Christ stands solid in the history of man. He Is indeed more sub stantial, more abiding, in human appre hension, than any form of matter, or any mode of force. The conceptions of earth and air and fire and water change and melt around Him, as the clouds melt around an everlasting mountain peak. All attempts to resolve Him into a a legend, an idea—and hundreds of such at tempts have been made—have tirifted over the enduring reality of His character and left not a rack behind. The result of all criticism, the final verdict of enlight ened common-sense, is that Christ is his torical. He is such a person as men could not have imagined if they would, and w’ould not have imagined if they could. He is neither Greek myth nor Hebrew legend. The artist capable of fashioning Him did not exist, nor could he have found the materials. A non-ex istent Christianity did not spring out of the air and create a Christ. A 'real Christ appeared in the world and cre ated Christianity.” His finger prints are upon all the cen turies, and the flying years carry His banners in their hands. The stars in their courses fight for Him and the revolving seasons, journeying from afar with the advancing years, like the Wise Men from the East, pour out their treasures at the feet of the Babe of Bethlehem. And how shallow a thing it is for one to stick at believing that miracles were wrought by Him and that He came into our world by the method of a Virgin Birth when in as common-place thing as a calendar we see a miracle as marvel lous as any recorded by the four evan gelists! What is the calming of a storm on tiie little Sea of Galilee when com pared with His control of all the rolling and turbulent years of all the centu ries? What is the miracle of the Virgin Birth when considered in connection with the fact that no new day springs from the womb of the morning which does not come forth reflecting in its face the glowing lines of his divine life and power. If men must refuse credence io the records of Matthew, Mark. Luke, and John, let them at least believe that the miracle of the almanac, lying on the table before them, is real and perennial. There is no musty wonder about the calendar. It is a fresh marvel with the dew of the morning upon it. And now as we begin another “year of our Lord”—the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and twelve—let use begin to lead more Christly lives. Living and labour ing in line with Him, «*e are allied with the mightiest and most benign force operating in our wortd. mankind has any hope at all that hope muat be ful filled through the Christianity of Christ. A greater calamity could not befall the race than that all men should renounce faith in Him; a greater blessing could not come *to the world than that all men should so live as to merit His approval. He who lives in Christ and labours for .Christ Is enlisted, therefore, in a warfare for the highest good of mankind; and he who is against Him seeks to bring to earth its greatest possible calamity. Can a man of generous sentiments and hu mane impulses hesitate upon which side to range himself in such a contest. He who is not with Christ is against Him, and he who gathereth not with Him scat tereth abroad. It were better to seek to arrest the warm beams of the morning, or to withstand the coming of the genial and swefct spring-time than to oppose the rising upon our drak, cold world of the Sun of Righteousness, coming to our stricken race with healing in His wings. Facts About The Farm THE RESPIRATION OF APPLES The “Breathing” of Apples After They Are Picked Bears an Important Relation to Their Keeping Qualities The respiration of animals is a well known action and the necessity for it in the living creature is fully appre ciated. The fact that plants and parts of plants must also breathe is not _so commonly understood. Yet all living cells, whether a part of animal matter or vegetable matter,, must have oxygea to keep them alive and they give up carbon uioxide and water as a result of the action of the oxygen on some of their contents. 'Parts of plants when cut off from the main stem <io not die at once, and must continue to breathe. This Is true, whether the severed part is a leafy branch, a fruit or a root; but some parts live much longer after removal than others, and the apple continues to breathe for many weeks after it has been picked from the tree. The chief products of respiration are the same in plants as in animals, name ly carbon dioxide (commonly called car bonic acid—and water. These products can be easily shown by placing one or more apples in a glass jar and cover ing it tightly. In a few hours a dewy film will cover the inner surface of the jar, that in time will collect into drgps will tric.K.e to the bottom. On opening the jar, a little clear lime water may be poured into it -without touching the fruit, and the lime-water will be seen to turn milky, just as it will if an animal’s breath is forced through it. The taking up of oxygen from the air can also be readily shown by the fol lowing interesting experiment. In a large basin partially filled with water set a small support on which a placed an apple and a small open dish containing a solution of caustic soda or potash. The apple should not touch the water nor the caustic solution. Cover the support and its contents by a large bell glass or wide jar with its mouth wholly in the water. Now as the apple breathes out carbonic acid, the latter BUTCHERING ON THE FARM In oilier to do neat and rapid work at hog-killing time, it is necesasry to have a good scraper, sticking knife, a hog hook and a place that is convenient for working. For scalding, a barrel is commonly used, and it is all that is needed unless the hogs are very large. If very large hogs 4re killed, a scalding tub will an swer the purpose for scalding much bet ter than a barrel. I have one which is made of two-inch (tanks for the sides and ends, and sheet iron for the bottom. It is six feet long and three and one-half feet wide, with a depth of two and one-half feet. Two hooks are fastened near the top on one side, with a pair of trace chains to run under the hog, to facilitate the turning and withdrawing from the tub. It is placed over a furnace, which is made by digging a trench in the ground, and when In use I place pieces of wood across the bottom, 4n order to keep the heg from coming in contact with the iron bottom and gettinp too hot. 4 find that the proper temperature for good scalding is from 180 to 190 degrees, and II a barrel is to be used the water should be boiling when dipped out of the kettle, as the barrel will cool it some. If a scalding tub is used, the water shpula be cooed by adding a bucket of cold water before the hog is put in. To insure a correct heat of the water, use a thermometer. Small quantities of fye, ashes or lime will have no effect in removing the hair, but will cause the scurf to come loose more readily. A hog hook is almost indispensable, and if one is to be made It should be made in the form of a hay or bale hook. In fact, I find that a hay hook answers the purpose very well. In handling the hog, stick the hook in the flesh of the lower jaw, just be hind the fork of the jaw bone. However, the hook may be stuck under the ten dona of the hind legs. . Keen the hog in constant motion while being scalded, and draw it out to air occasionally. When the hair and scurf slip easily from the body the scalding is completed. In scraping and cleaning the hog 1 clean the feet and head first, then the legs, and last but not least, the body. I hang ‘he hog with a rope and pul ley as it is more easily hung in this wav than any other. But it may be hung with the ordinary gambrel, a stick which is sharpened at each end and HOW THE MOLE LIVES. Moles feed entirely on earth y or ™ B ; burrowing grubs, and on lnßectß ’ have a remarkable . f nergy with love, passion and hatred in energj a *They° r are built particularly for their busfneVfore limbs and Moulders re markably strong, full of m« BC ‘ e * have a hand, spade-like, supplied with claws, making a capital digging In observing a mole when put on the ground after being caught it will imme diately plunge its sharp snout in the earth and give two or three fearful strikes of forepaws enough to jn® 8 , of his body—the hind feet give a comical kick in the air and the mole ««ts out of sight with a startling quickness and find him if you can. The mole hills which we see are not homes, but composed of material which is worked over in forming temporary passages looking after prey. A mole’s only true home, fortress or kingdom, is located at a distance from the hunting grounds with which commu nication is kept up. A mole will consume the weight of its body in a remarkably shot time. Snails and slugs it seizes from behind before they know a mole is after them. Another wonderful thing is how soon a mole will succumb without food, as a 12 hours’ fast will result in death for the little arlimal and all of its family. Therefore, the poor mole has to work ( hard most of its life for a living, and specially is this true in the winter. BEETS HARD ON LAND? I once grew a crop of mangles on a perfectly rectangular piece of land on a very fertile river bottom. The plot was •two acres. The remainder of the field was in corn and red clover was sown among the corn and among the beets. There was a good stand among the corn, none among the beets. The next spring the beet land was well prepared and sown to clover again, and it germi nated, and grew about three Inches high, while all around was the rank growth from that sown among tne corn and for three years that rectangular plot was conspicuous for the small growth upon it.—R. M. B. will be absorbed by the caustic solution while water will rise in the jar to fill the space made vacant by the removal of the oxygen. Finally the water will fill about one-fifth of the air space orig inally present and remain stationary because the oxygen is all used. Respiration, whether in animals or »n plants, causes a destruction of matter in the cells much like the destruction ot wood in a stove, and the rate at which this destruction goes on can be measur ed by determining the amount of car bonic acid that is breathed out in a glv t- length of time. Fruit, after having been picked from the tree is in the condition of a (Starv ing animal. Its cells still keep up res piration with nothing in the way of food to make good the losses produced by the ac.ion. Since apples and other fruits have no body heat to maintain, tn« breathing process is not so active as tn animals, and they may last months aft er being picked from the tree. Yet there is a steady, continuous loss in weight as the weeks go by, although the fruit is soun- and firm. Respiration is partly a chemical re action and in apples, like moit chemi cal recations in the laboratory, it grows more rapid as the fruit becomes warm er, and is slowed down when the fruit is cooled. It is frequently the case that warm days with temperatures of 70 degrees occur late in the fall, and sometimes continue for a considerable period. Fan cy apples intended for long keeping It cold storage should be cooled as soon as possible and kept cold. The breathing process 4s at the expense of cell con tents and must weaken the keeping qual ities as it goes on. And this destruc tive action is from four to six times as fast out of cold storage as inside it. Another fact in connection with the respiration is important. It is not stopped in cold storage, but simply slowed. Apples cannot be kept indefi nitely, but keep about twice as long in storage as in a cool cellar. inserted under the tendon strings of tht hind legs. A short singletree will be found tp an swer for a gambrel-stick. If there is suf ficient help at hand, the hog may b« hung on a pole put up for the purpose. After the hog la hung up, rinse 1, down with scalding water, remove the entrails by running a sharp knife light ly down, marking the belly straight cutting to the bone between the thigh* and in front of the riba, which bone* I split with an ax, being careful nol to cut beyond them. Open the abdomen, and after a tttth use of the knife one will seldom cui the entrails in removing them. However, I have a few short string,- at hand to use in case any of the en trails are cut. After removing the entrails, livrff ano heart, spread the carcass apart with a stiek and rinse it down with cola water. When cooled sufficiently, re move the leaf fat and kidneys and out it up. I usually salt down on a bench or in a box as soon as it has cooled enough to trim, but I never put any salt on the, ribs and backbones if the weather Is cool. The amount of salt I use is 10 pounds to every 100 pounds es meat. In addi tion to the salt, I also use two pounds of granulated sugar and two ounces of saltpetre mixed. Rub the meat once every three days with one-third of the mixture. While It is curing pack it in a box in a cool room, where it will neither become warm nor freeze. Two barrels may be used, changing the meat from one to the other each time it is rubbed. After the last rub bing let the meat He in a box for a week or ten days, then take it out to smoke. When taken out of the box dip each piece in a kettle of boiling water and let it remain half a minute, after which sprinkle a li/tle powdered borax on j meat side, and hang. Smoke it four or five days with hick ory chips or corn cobs, then dip and sprinkle it with borax again, and put it down in clean hay. The hot water destroys any fly eggs that may have been deposited, and the borax prevents files from depositing fresh ones. Meat treated in this manner may b« left hanging all summer and will re main in the best condition.— "W. Han son. Illinois. I STATE FAIR LESSONS. One of the most practical lessons of our state fair this fall was that taught by the state agricultural college which had set up in an amphitheater holding about 1,000 personte, a complete modern dairy. In this dairy all the /operations of separating milk, testing it with the Bab cock tester and making butter were per formed daily and the amphitheater waa never large enough to hold the Interested crowds. ' , The care taken by the operator to prevent contamination of milk and butter was evidently a revelation to many of the farmers and their wives, as excla mations of surprise were frequently heard when the utensils were washed and scrub bed again and again, plunged into hot water and the whole process of butter making gone through without once hav ing been touched by a human hand. The spectators were for the most part composed of practical dairy workers more or less versed in their business They asked innumerable questions upon every phase of dairying, often showing almost perfect knowledge of the busi ness; but the operator in charge, a re markably well informed and alert young man, never failed to give instant ano satisfactory reply. Two demonstrations daily were made in this dairy and during the five day* of the fair it is safe to say that 10,000 per sons received valuable instruction in th* way of object lessons in good dairying. LIGHT FEEDING BACK. The rack shown in the illustration if handy for feeding animals in enclosures, as it can easily be moved from one place to another. It could be strongly con structed and of any size desired. The rack and frame are made separately and when inverted, the rack can be used as a chicken coop, and the srano for a number of purposes, such as noldine tubs, boxes and other receptacles, A convenient size is about four feet long by two and a half feet deep and the same width. The handles should extend at least two feet beyond the end of the rack.
