Newspaper Page Text
Agricultural
akd SIKCESSrUL JAWING E
.A Andrew M. Joule i
Thu department will cheerfully enceavor to furnish any information
Letters should be addressed to Dr. Andrew M Soule, resident State Agri
cultural College. Athna Ga
Growing Winter Wheat in the South
Realism* th* importance of encour
aging the cultivation of winter wheat,
the college of agriculture has been con
ducting for several years past variety
tests at Athens. Ashburn and Quitman.
Investigations have also been started
with the Idea of securing varieties bet
ter adapted to local conditions and
which are earlier hardier and mare re
sistant to disease while producing a
well devtioped berry of fine quality. It
is certain that much still remains to be
•*certalned with reference to the best
method of cultivation to prnctica and
the proper rotation of crops to estab
lish. Os course, the fertiliser side of
the problem also needs to >*e carefully
investigattd. There is only one serious
drawback to the cultivation of wheat
io the southeastern states, and that is
due to the fact that while there is an
abundant rainfall, it is often not well
distributed, hence the crop sometimes
suffers from drought when approaching
maturity. This difficulty can be ov
ercome to a considerable degree by the
development through selection of early ;
maturing strains and the management
of the land in such a manner as to in
crease its supply of vegetable matter,
and therefore enable it to absorb and
hold a greater amount of" the water
falling as rain than at present. There
is an unusually long growing season
in the southeastern states, varying from
-26 days at Athens to 247 days at Ash
burn. The rainfall at the different sta
tions varies from fifty to fifty-two inch
es. The precipitation during the grow
ing season varies from twenty-six to I
thirty-three inches, hence if the water
ia properly conserved through a Ju
dicious rotation of crops and the pro
per managemtnt of the land there
should be an abundance of this element
to insure the development of profitable
crops of wheat, certainly in the Pied
mont section of the states in question.
Wheat' is subject to attack by some
diseases and these at times have proven
very troublesome. Rust is among the
most destructive of the diseases to
which this cereal is subject. The suc
cess which has been attained in devel
oping rust proof oats, however, leads
to the belief that through persistent ef*
forts strains of wheat as strongly re
sistant to this trouble can also be ob
tained.
It is proper to state that the varie
ties cultivated at Athens were grown
on what is known as the cecil clay.
This soil Is derived from the weather
ing of granites, gnisses and schists.
The drainage of this class of soils is a
little slow and the subsoils arg some
what heavy. The land is rolling in na
ture and can be readily improved by
deep plowing and the turning under of
green crops. At Ashburn the test plats
lie wholly within what is known as
the coastal plains region. The soil type
is identified as the Tifton sandy loam,
and is properly regarded as one of the
best crop producing soils in that sec
tion of the state. The natural drain
age of this land is excellent. At Quit
man the substation lies also tn the
coastal plains area. though the soil
here is of sedimentary character. It
Is slightly rolling and possesses good
drainage Essentially the same meth
od of management were used at all of
the places indicated, the soil being
broken to a good depth and a fine seed
bed prepared. At all places the inten
tion is to practice a three-years’ ro
tation In which cotton, corn and small
grain is followed by cow peas. Some
variation in the method of cropping
has been necessary but in general this
rotation will be followed. By this plan
small grain occupies the land only once
in three years, and as It follows corn
the ground is generally in such condi
tion that a good seed bed can be pre
pared. In this rotation the plan is to
turn under the cow peas as green ma
nure, and as far as possible, a cover!
crop of rye or hairy vetch is usually]
seeded in the cotton as well as a soil*
builder. Up to the present time the'
varieties chiefly grown belong to what I
are known as the soft or semi-hard:
winter group. When practical the grain
is sown with a drill. It has not been
possible however, to secure an im
plement of this character at the differ
ent points indicated. As a rule, the
seeding ia done at the rate of four pecks
per acre.
Tn preparing the land different meth
ods of practice have been followed. As
a general rule, diowever. double disk
ing has proven fairly satisfactory, but
much depends on the season and the!
condition of the ground The plan is I
Mogul 8-16 —A Real Kerosene Tractor
Sells for $725 Cash f. o. b. Chicago
XITHEN you b.y a tractor, look beyond the
’ price. It is not the price a man pays for a
tractor which is of the most importance, but
what its power costs. A Mogul 8-16 burning
kerosene, in 5,000 hours of work, will save more than
its original price over the cost of the same power
produced by a gasoline tractor. Remember, the 8-i6
is a real kerosene tractor, planned and built originally
for using this cheap, plentiful fuel. Price is of minor
importance compared with Mogul 8-16 saving.
It is our policy to sell the Mogul 8-16 at the lowest possible
price, always maintaining Mogul quality, though nowadays
some of the paterials are almost unobtainable even at an
advance in price of from 50 to 100 per cent over the prices of a
few months ago. 5725 cash f. o. b. Chicago is the lowest price
at which Mogul B*l6 can be sold.
Orders placed at once will stand the best chance of being
filled without delay. See the Mogul 8-16 dealer or write us
for the story of kerosene before you buy any tractor.
International Harvester Company of America
m CHICAGO *-*“* USA (O
CbarayiM Dceriag McCanaick Milwaakca Osboras Placa
to use 400 pounds of acid phosphate and
100 pounds of muriate of potash per
acre. The war. of course, has Inter
fered with the use of potash rations to
some extent. After the ground has
been disked it is harrowed with a spike
I tooth harrow and firmed with a roller.
and the seeding done in open furrows
or by broadcasting. In the spring of
the year 100 pounds of sulphate of
ammonia has been applied per acre.
The wheat is harvested by the usual
methods which would naturally be prac
ticed on every farm.
The yield of some of the more im
portant varieties tested in Athens is
recorded below. It appears that as a
result of two years' work Deitz Amber
made an average yield of 28.7 bushels
per acre; Georgia Red. 28.3 bushels;
Fulcaster, 17.4 bushels; Australian Red,
27.1 bushels: Rtd May, 26.7 bushels;
Blue Stem. 26.6 bushels: Mammoth
Red. 26.6 bushels; Fultz. 25.9 bushels;
Klondike. 25.7 bushels; Fishhead. 25.4
bushels, and Bearded Purple Straw.
54.3 bushels. These must be regarded
i as gaad yields and wherever they can
be approximated the cultivation of
wheat as a winter cover crop and the
production of grain for bread can be
practiced to advantage.
The yields obtained from some of the
leading varieties at Ashburn are as fol
lows: Blue Stein. 19.6 bushels; Georgia
Red. 19.6 bushels; Red May, 18.3 bushels;
Australian Red. 15.8 bushels: Deitz Am
ber. 14.9 bushels; Fultz, .13.7 bushels;
Fishhead. 13.3 bushels; Klondike. 12.1
bushels; Mammoth Red, 11.7 bushels;
Fulcaster. 11.7 bushles. These yields
are not nearly so good as those obtained
on the cecil clay typical of the Pied
mont area, and yet a number of these
varieties could be grown to advantage
on the Tifton sandy loam under sea
sonal and soil conditions similar to those
obtaining at Ashburn with good ad
vantage. There is ample opportunity in
that section for the harvesting of the
crop in time to permit of the replanting
of the ground to cowpeas. The weight
of the wheat grown at Ashburn is not
quite so good as that grown at Athens.
This is due possibly to the tenacity with
which red clay soils absorb and hold
water, thereby enabling them to supply
some of this element to the crop dur
ing the latter stages of its development
and insuring its more complete and per
fect maturity.
The yields obtained at Quitman where
this work has only been carried on one
year were not satisfactory, but it would
not be fair to draw any conclusion from
a test covering only one year. Blue Stem
made the highest yield of any variety,
namely 6.7 bushels. Cultivating wheat
on this basts would, of course, not be
profitable. Possibly when these soils
• are improved and a better season experi
enced. the yields will be considerably In
creased. Judging from the bare facts
as presented, however, the most profits-'
ble section of the southeastern states j
in which to cultivate wheat would ap
pear to be the Piedmont area, though:
the prospect for the profitable cultlva-1
tion of wheat on the Tifton sandy loam,
a soil quite characteristic of many parts'
of the coastal plains region, promises
well. Moreover, it is important to re- ’
member that through selection and :
breeding it will more than likely be
possible to develop strains much bet
ter adapted for cultivation in the south-1
ern part of the territory under discus-1
sion than are now available. Os course,;
those who have studied the situation
realize that the whole question of plant;
breeding has been greviously neglect
ed. and it is impossible, therefore, to I
even approximate what it may be pos- ]
sible to accomplish in the way of se-,
curing improved strains through the
systematic selection and development of
varieties adapted to the different cli
; matic and soil areas of the cotton i
states.
IWDUCIWG 20 FEB CENT CBEAM TO
WHIP
A. I- !>.. Andersonville. Ga.. writes: We
have hern making * 20 per cent cream for
market, but have bad many .ouipUinta
lately about the cream not whipping. At
times I have not had any made up and j
would shii that which • ame directly from
the separate, about thirty per cent. They I
■ laim this is all right. I test**d a sample
they had been Imying and found it ran 28 ‘
|ei rent and they were buying it for 20
per cent. Will ar IS or 20 per ent cream
all whip up ami if so. what do you think I
my trouble is? My cream l« shipped three j
■lays old ami is always tested with the '
Babcock test ami redm-ed with whole milk. i
i Difficulty is often experienced in mak-!
ing a 2® per cent cream whip aatisfac-.
IHE ATLANTA SEMI-WEEKLY JOURNAL, ATLANTA, GA., TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 19, 1916.
torily. especially when it is made from
fresh milk and sent out as separated
without being thoroughly chilled and
cooled. If you will handle your milk
so as to cool it and aerate it and get the
animal odor out of it. then tun it through
a separator and chill it by reducing to
a temperature of about 40 degrees, and
hold the cream for twenty-four hours
befoge distributing it, 1 think you will
find that the cream will whip satis
factorily. The higher per cent of fat
In cream within certain limits, the
easier it will Whip. In some instances
we have had customers \who desire a
cream running higher than 20 per cent
in fa*, but of course they are willing
to pay a little more for it. as naturally,
it was worth about half more than the
20 per cent cream. When a man is
selling a 28 per cent cream under the
impression that he is selling a 20 per
cent cream, he is not handling his busi
ness with much skill or care, nor has
he adjusted his separator with any de
gree of accuracy. One should be able
to adjust the separator so as to make a
practically uniform cream from his own
herd >f cows, as an average of what
the herd can do can easily be determin
ed by the Babcock test. We would
prefer to make a uniform quality of
cream running 20 per cent rather than
to make a richer cream and reduce it
to 20 per cent through use of whole
milk.
NEED OF A PROPERLY ADJUSTED
RATION.
E. D. E.. Dublin. Ga., writes: 1 would
like to know what is the trouble with
my brood sow. She ran hardly walk. The
trouble seems to be hi her legs. Her ap
petite ia good. Would appreciate receiving
a remedy for the trouble.
The trouble with your hogs is prob
ably due to the fact that you are not
giving them a sufficient amount of food
or providing them with the exercise to
which they are properly entitled. I
suggest that you give the following mix
ture to your hogs: wood charcoal, 1
pound; sulphur, 1 pound; sodium chlo
ride. 2 pounds; sodium bicarbonate. 2
pounds; sodium hyposulphate, 2 pounds;
sodium suphate. 1 pound, and antimony
sulphate. 1 pound. These ingredients
should be thoroughly mixed together.
The dose is a large tablespoonful for
each two hundred pounds weight of hogs
to be treated. Administer once daily,
mixing with sweet milk or in a gruel or
slopped feed which you may use.
If you are using corn alone .discon
tinue this practice. Brood sows espe
cially need something to build up bone
and tissue and to stimulate milk produc
tion. Corn by itself is not satisfactory
for this purpose. A mixture of one-half
corn and one-half shorts will be prefer
able. We would prefer to feed shorts
exclusively for a while. We would pro
vide the sow with as much green food
as possible and afford her a range on
which to graze. A Bermuda sod will an
swer very well for this purpose. Sup
plemental grazing crops should be pro
vided such as cowpea*, soy beans and
peanuts. The affected parts if there is
much soreness evidenced, may be rub
bed with a good soothing lotion such
as may be made from 2 ounces of
laudanum, 1 ounce of aconite tincture
and 5 ounces of soap liniment. This is
an excellent material to use for reliev
ing pain and soreness. It will not blis
ter. *
WHAT CAN BE DONE FOR FOUNDER.
H L O KUrimmee, Fla., writes: I
have a nisre that was water •«'?
eral month. ago. anil it settled in her feet.
Ther are somewhat better, but are still
a dreadful condition. Is there anything that
ran be done to cause the feet to grow back
as they should be?
Founder is a difficult disease to treat
and as the case about which you write
has existed for several months, it has
probably now assumed a chronic form.
Horses suffering from this disease
should have the shoes remoed and be
placed in the most comfortable quarters
possible. Tou might try putting the
horse in a stall with a clay floor. The
■ feet may be soaked in a tub of water
for two hours twice daily, wiped dry
and oiled wtih a dressing prepared by
melting together 1 ounce of turpentine,
1 ounce of pine tar, 2 ounces of beeswax
i and 4 ounces of fish oil. This mixture
should be applied with a brush twice
daily to all parts of the hoof. In the
absence of the hoof dressing, any good
oil or glycerine may be used. Horses
that are especially tender footed are
i sometimes benefited by shoeing
broad webbed bar shoes with rubber
| heel pads beneath. Light blisters ap
plied to the coronets once in four weeks
1 may be beneficial.
• •
A VALUABLE GRASS FOR GEOR
GIA.
A. J.. Riceboro. Ga.. writes: 1 would like
to know what the enclose! sample of graaa
ia. 1 am afraid it Is Johnson grass. Will
millet mature if sown now?
The sample of grass enclosed is what
is known as barnyard grass. Its scien
tific name is Panicum crus-galli. It is
a coarse and leafy annual one to four
feet high It makes a rank growth and
i is common in rich cultivated lands, oc
i curring frequently in the vicinity of
dwellings. It seeds freely and makes
a rapid growth during the summer and
yields abundantly on bottom lands. If
properly cured it often makes a good
hay from land which but for the sponta
neous growth of this grass would have
yielded the farmer nothing. In many
sections, however, barnyard gras* is re-
I garded as a weed.
It is not related to Johnson grass,
however, and is not difficult to control j
nor eradicate.
It is now too /late in our judgment i
to sow millet with the idea of cutting
it for hay this year..
A. G. P.. Alabama City, route 1. Alabama,
advises that he ha« a heifer one and a half
rears old with only two teats and wants |
my advice as to whether to retain her tot
a milk row.
Mal-shaped udders are not at all un
common. Where the heifer has only
two teats she will not produce as much ,
milk as she would have done with the
four. However, she will produce much
more than half the amount. As arbi-!
trarv amount I should expect the heifer ■
with two teats to produce about three-1
fourths as much milk as would be given ,
if she had a perfectly fqrmed udder.
Unless the owner knows that this heifer,
comes of exceptionally good producing
ancestry I should not advise him to re- (
tain her as a milk cow.
a • a
THE CAUSE AND TREATMENT OF
MANGE.
C. E. M., Montezuma. Ga.. writes: 1
have a bog with mange. He is scaly and his I
hair is rubbing off in spots. His appetite
ia good, but he does not tlbrive. Please give
me a remedy.
Mange is due to a parasite which
causes an Irritation of the skin. Each
domestic animal has its own species of
mange mite. This trouble rarely occurs,
however, except on dogs and cats. if
you satisfied, however, that your animal
is affected with mange proceed as fol
lows: Isolate him from any other hog.i
you may own. Clip the hair off the as-1
fected regions. Next apply green soap I
which you can secure at any drug store |
and allow to remain for about five hours.
Next wash off the soap with warm wa
ter. A large number of scabs and scurf;
will be removed successfully by this
practice. Then wipe dry and rub the
following thoroughly into the skin: creo
lin 1 ounce, flower of culphur 1 ounce,
oil of tar 1 ounce, lard or vaseline 8 j
ounces. Mix these ingredients thor
oughly together and apply once dally
for three or four days. Withhold for a j
week and then apply again. Whitewash ;
all quarters and rubbing posts and dis I
infect the pens thoroughly, using one [
of the coal tar
HOME
Conductedßy
I tri iffi 'rTßa —, r
. PBXiBIDjjjNT WlhUOa ANU Taxi SUF-
II FBAGISTS.
e The National American Woman Sus
” frage association, which met in Atlantic
* City, last week, invited President Wll
j son to address them, ana the newspa
/, pers report great enthusiasm when he
e told them he "was glad to come and was
s going to tight with them and for them.”
e Dr. Anna Howard Show, former presi
r dent of the society, has given a glow-
- ing account of his speech, and says
s some very kind words of the speaker.
In this good year 1916 every presiden
e tial candidate (at least four of them)
a have come out in strong words for
n women voters. It was a long step in
t advance and more than the most san-
- guine of suffragists had expected to see.
j The Democrats at the St. Ixnrts con
s vention endorsed votes for women by
, 888 1-2 votes, with only 180 1-2 in the
t negative. Some of these affirmative
e votes came from the southern states.
President Wilsons endorsement and
his approval of suffrage for women will
> have great effect in the south.
I append Dr. Shaw’s published ac
count of Mr. Wilson’s visit to the con
vention :
(From a Staff Correspondent of the
World.)
ATLANTIC CITY, N. .1.. Sept. 9.
Dr. Anna Howard Shaw, president emer
itus of the National American Woman
Suffrage association praised President
Wilson’s speech of last night and rapped
sharply the Congressional Union because
1 of its stand against Mr. Wilson and the
Democrats, in an interview today.
Dr. Shaw perhaps exerts more influ
ence over the votes-for-women enthusi
asts throughout the country than any
other individual woman. She said:
•‘President Wilson’s speech was won
derful. It showed how the thoughts
of suffrage have grown in the minds of
men and how much respect the president
has for our intelligence.
“If the president had come out for
the federal amendment, as many per
sons expected he would, we would have
known that it was a play for votes. The
whole speech was delightful because it
didn’t play up votes in any way.
“I am not a Democrat and’l feel grate
ful that the president knew that we
couldn't be fooled by any political chi
canery. He promised everything that
he could carry out. He might have prom
ised a lot more, but we would have
known that he couldn't have carried it
out. The president made us as clear a
promise as a man ever made, and, know
ing that President Wilson keeps his
promises, I know he meant this one."
Dr. Shaw was asked if the action of
Charles Evans Hughes In personally in
dorsing the federal amendment would
cause many Suffragists to campaign for
him.
“Alas.” she said, “the men steering
the Republican party and Mr. Hughes’
campaign are Lodge and Penrose and
men of that type, and they are the bit
terest enemies Suffrage has. If they
were able to control affairs, in the event
of Mr. Hughes’ election, the cause of
Suffrage will be hopeless. If Mr. Hughes
is able to control them the cause of
Suffrage will be bright. It must be re
membered in .this connection that when
Mr. Hughes was governor of New York
he couldn't control the bosses, though
the bosses couldn't control him.
“The Republicans didn’t do anything
for us in forty-five years. They were
a stone wall. We have had more Suf
frage legislation in congress in the last
three years than we have had in the
last fifty. J wouldn’t say, myself that,
this is because the Democrats have been
kindlier disposed than the Republicans.
I would say it was because we have
had twelve Suffrage states to use as a
pusher in congress. I simply want to
point out that no more is to be expected
from Republicans so far as Suffrage
legislation is concerned than may be ex
pected from Democrats.”
LIFE.
BY BRYAN WALLER PROCTER.
(1787—1874 ).
We are born; we laugh; we weep;
We love; we droop: we die!
Ah! wherefore do we laugh or weep?
Why do we live, or die?
Who knows that secret deep?
Alas, not I!
Why doth the violet spring
Unseen by human eye
Why do the radiant seasons bring
Sweet thoughts that quickly fly?
Why* do our fond hearts cling
To things that die?
We toil—through pain and wrong;
We fight—and fly;
We love; we lose; and then, ere long.
Stone-dead we lie.
O life! is all thy song
“Endure and—die?”
French Sloops Sunk
(By Asso'-iatefi Ptrgg.)
ST. MALO. France. Sept. 16. —Two
French sloops, the Ariel and the Jeune
Union, have been sunk by German sub
marines. The crews were saved.
nude to ZF your measure, in the
| latest If style, would you be will- vj[
[lng to w keep and wear it, show
I It to your friends and let them see our IWiMi fA
beautiful samples and dashing new jtfflwLjfcH
I styles?
Could you use $5.00 a day for a little
spare time? Perhaps I can offer you sqß
a steady job. If you_s;ill write me a &H
| letter or a postal at once and say:
‘Send me pour eperial offer,” I will qJQjLiW
I send you samples and styles to pick nHWWW
j from and my surprising liberal offer, luafel
Address: LE. ASHER, President \St|
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ASNriaan r.uch.nu<i Gu I Nelson St Allan.a, Ga.
A Loss and a Humil
iation tc Georgia
By Bishop W. A.Camidteir
,i brilliant young teacher, who has
been doing some special work at one
of the walthiest universities of the
north, writes me as follows:
“You will be interested in the follow
ing figures taken from the official direc
tory of the students attending the
summer session of the university. The
total enrollment is 8,033. Os this num
ber Georgia furnishes 268. There are
only fotn states that show a larger en
rollment here than Georgia. Georgia
furnishes 16 per cent of the southern
enrollment, and nearly half as many
students as all New England. These
students from Georgia will spend dur
ing this summer term alone more than
850,000, of which amount over 110,000
will go for traveling expenses. If they
could get equal advantages in Atlanta,
they would save $25,000.”
These statements of fact should ar
rest the attention of every patriotic
Georgian. They show what it costs our
state to be so far behind other states
in the matter of higher education.
It should be borne in mind that the
figures are foi; one northern university
alone. There are at least three other
such institutions to which Georgia stu
dents went during the past summer in
equal numbers.
Georgia students expended probably
not less than $200,000 during the sum
mer of 1916 in attendance upon north
ern universities. This is a consider
able drain on the financial resources of
the state.
But the loss in money is not the
greatest loss. A far more serious mat
ter is that we are consenting for oth
ers to educate many of the most gift
ed youth of the state. It fs humili
ating to contemplate. Can we preserve
the characteristic excellencies of our
own civilization without maintaining
our own educational institutions and
making them equal to the best in the
land?
Do our people comprehend what a
leavening influence issues from a great
university, and what a power it pos
sesses for coloring thought and
changing social and political institu
tions?
The nations of Europe understand
the matter far better than do our peo
ple. They know by centuries of ex
perience what consequences flow from
great educational establishments. Ger
many especially has demonstrated the
far-reaching influence of universities.
After the battle of Jena, Germany stt
about healing the political bruises and
military wounds inflicted upon her, in
that disastrous defeat, by founding the
University of Berlin in 1810. M. Ernest
Lavisse has related most interestingly
the story of its foundation. He says
the king of Prussia, Frederick William,
declared as the reason for its establish
ment: ’’lt is necessary that the state
supply by its intellectual forces the
physical powers which it has lost.”
The great Schteirmacher supported the
project enthusiastically and most clear
ly forecast its future.
He said: ‘ When that scientific or
ganization is founded, it will have no
equjil. Thanks to its interior force,
it will exercise its benevolent rule to
the borders of the Prussian monarchy.
Berlin will become the center of its
entire intellectual activity of north
ern and Protestant Germany, and a
solid foundation will be prepared for
the accomplishment Os the mission as
signed to the Prussian government.”
His words were most accurately fulfill
ed. The University of Berlin more than
any other one thing united and invigo
rated the new Germany with which Na
poleon HI had to settle in 1870. And
that force is militant and powerful to
day.
Think of the proposition! To elevate
the kingdom of Prussia and unify the
German empire by establishing a
school! Our “practical men" would
laugh at such an idea; but the more
practical German authorities knew what
they were doing. The event has justi
fied the wisdom of their fir-sighted
proposal. Berlin has become the sci
entific and political center of the Ger
man people. With its great university
it is the very heart of national life, and
its influence is felt throughout the
world. Our own educational institu
tions have not escaped the influence of
the University of Berlin.
Again after the overwhelming defeat
of Napoleon 111 in 1870 by the unified
and renovated German nation, Bis
marck undertook the Germanizing of
Alsace-Lorraine by completely recon
structing the University of Strasbourg.
We thus see that both to retrieve a
defeat and to confirm a victory long
headed Germany established a new edu- j
cational plant. And in both instances |
she has not been disappointed in the :
outcome.
The power displayed by Germany in .
the present war in Europe is largely i
derived from its universities, especial
ly the University of Berlin. This war ,
has been a scientific and chemical war, i
and the German universities have had
much to do with it.
It is time for the south, and espe
cially our own state of Georgia, to un
derstand the worth of educational in
stitutions. There is not yet in the
south a really great university, and we
suffer both at home and abroad on this
account. Many of our strongest edu
cators are drawn away from us into
northern institutions of learning.
There is scarcely a northern institu
tion, of the first magnitude, which has
not drawn to it some of the south’s
most capable educators. A few may ;
be mentioned. Georgia lost to Califor- ;
nia the LeConte brothers, and W. A. 1
Keener to Harvard university. South
Carolina lost Charles Forster Smith to
the University of Wisconsin, where
that distinguished scholar now fills the
chair of Greek. Virginia lost Dr. Thom- 1
as Price front Randolph-Macon college
to Columbia university, and Dr. Dodd
to Chicago university. Many others .
might be mentioned, it’ space allowed.
It is time for our business men, who
have any of the qualities of statesman
ship about them, to take hold of this
matter with strong and generous hands
and remedy it. The endowment of one
university in New York exceeds the en
dowment of all the institutions of learn
ing throughout the entire south. This
ought not to be so, and will not be so,
if our strongest business men will de
termine that the case shall no longer
continue as it now is.
Moreover, our legislation must en
courage, and not discourage, generous
gifts to our educational institutions. It
is a shame and an immeasurable dam
age to Georgia that a small minority
in the house of representatives refused
at the recent session of the legislature
to submit to the people an amendment
to the constitution allowing the exemp
tion of college endowment from tax
ation. The reasons offered by this mi
nority were the flimsiest pretexts.
Some of them prated about
"union of church and state,” knowing
full well that there is not a human be- '
ing in Georgia who desires any such I
union of church and state, or could
bring it to pass, if he desired it.
If the exemption of college endow
ments involves a union of church and
state, we have had such a union from
the foundation of the government, for
until 1877 Georgia exempted college en
dowments from taxation, as nearly all
the states of the union do until this
day.
Moreover. Georgia exempts from taxa
tion btiildhißs r*ound°. apparatus, and
libraries of colleges. WiuU U xb.
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properly invested for an endowment
which makes its exemption involve a un
ion of church and state, while the ex
emption of other college property brings
to pass no such union.
Again, if the exemption of college en
dowments involves a union of church
and state, much more does the exemp
tion of houses of worship, parsonages and
she like. This spurious argument which
has been put forth against rhe exemp
tion of college endowments from taxa
tion, leads logically to the taxation of
houses of worship, and already some of
those who have opposed the exemption
of the college endowments from taxa
tion are calling for the taxation of the
churches. This our people should un
derstand. If this minority can have its
way in Georgia, it will not be long un
til the churches and graveyards will be
taxed. All such legislation leads back
ward to darkness and retrogression, and
not' forward to enlightment and civili
zation.
The true principle of taxation is that
the state has the right to exempt when
ever the exemption will be more advan
tageuous to it than the taxation. And
who can doubt that the exemption of col
lage endowments would be to the finan
cial advantage of Georgia, not to speak
of higher considerations?
The legislature pased a bill to exempt
certain forms of ship-building from
taxation. This measure simply looked
to the financial profit of ship-builders.
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It was a special privilege granted to
certain persons and classes. But after
exempting these private and gainful in
vestments, the minority in the house of
representatives refused to allow the peo
ple to say at the polls whether 'or not
college endowments should be exempted
from taxation ,in Georgia.
Can not the people be trusted to vote
on this matter? Why should a small
minority in the house of representatives
withhold from the people the opportu
nity to pass upon this issue? Can not
the people be trusted? Is this minority
wiser and more virtuous than all the
other members of the legislature, and
wiser than all the people of Georgia?
The poliqy of Georgia until 1877 was
to encourage philanthropists to endow
our institutions of learning, and that
policy was reversed by a skillfully word
ed section in the new constitution adopt
ed in that year. If the people had
known what was intended, or if a ma
jority of the constitutional convention
had perceived what the paragraph
meant, Georgia’s time-honored policy
would not have been reversed.
Our beloved state is being damaged by
the continuance of this unwise policy
which was surreptituously imposed on
Georgia in 1877. The lamented vValter
B. Hill spoke with moderation when he
denounced the taxation of college endow
ments as “an infamous window tax on
the human mind.”
5
