Atlanta semi-weekly journal. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1898-1920, February 27, 1917, Image 1
She WMIMw amrmtf VOLUME XIV. WILSON ASKS fok AU IHORII V TO USE FORCE TO SAFEGUARD U. S. INTERESTS BIG LINER WITH MANY AMERICANS ABOARD SUNK ■ BLOW STRUCK AT GERMANY 5 ALLiES' mm mt Fleeing Turks Pursued by Brit ish Cavalry—All Positions From Sannaiyat to Kut-el- Amara Have Been Captured ,By Associated Press.) I.6XDOX. Feb. 26.—Kut-el-Amara has been captured from the Turks by the /British forces, according to a statement in the house of commons today by An drew Bonar Law. The Turks on the Tigris river front are in full retieat towards Baghaila. twentv-four miles to the w*st of Kut-el- Amara, says an official statement issued today by the British war department, t The fleeing Turks arg being engaged by • pursuing British cavalry? Mr. Bonar Law announced that as a result of the operations on the Tigris river front all of the Turkish positions from Sannaiyat to Kut-el-Amara have been secured and that the town of Kui -el-Amara automatically passed into the hands 8f the British. German Line Withdrawn Three Miles in the West ‘ BRITISH HEADQUARTERS IN FRANCE, Feb. 25.—(Via London. Feb ruary 2 8 (From a Staff Correspondent of the Associated Press.) —On one por . tien of the British front at least the war today pgcame a war of movement. S Under cover of fog and mist, which have been particularly heavy in the past • * forty-eight hours, the Germans carried out the greatest retirement they have made on the western front in the last . two years, and the British have swept in o possession of Pys. Serre. Mirau-, qaont and Petit Miraumont. including the : famous Butte oe Warlencourt. which has ; * been the scene of some of the fiercest fighting of the war. and in places is , deep with the bones of dead men. The exact extent of the German re tirement is not known, but it is esti- • mated that it approaches a depth of threej miles at some points. British patrols | are out in all directions, harassing the Germans and keep.ng in touch with their movements. Until they report it will ( not be possible to say just where the German, have determined to fix their next line of resistance. BAPAUME IS NEXT. Nevertheless it can be staled that the '' British now are. or soon will be, in a * im ution possibly to force the cvacuu-' ‘ti n of Bapaume. which has been the key j v to the German position since the begin rii3 of the battle of the Somine. The , fio.tit which already have fallen intot he Bills h hand* have stood out in tae i. of the lighting on this front, and , had been most stubbornly defended, only • a week ago when the British attacked on j a •wo-rniie front east and south of, Miraumont and Pys. the German resis tance was bitter and the high ground de- i sired was won only after desperate hand- 1 to-hand encounters .and the taking «f j mere than SCO German prisoners. The 8.-ilieh had been waiting for a clearing of the foggy weather before pressing the advance, but meantime it is a pi-a rent that the Gertnan com mand decided to retire without any fur ther lighting to strong positions pre pared well to the rear. Friday night ffraa were observed in the German front line tienches. They were only dimly visible through the thick mist of the particularly black night, but it was discovered that the flames issued from burning ground dugouts. Patrols sent’ forward reported the evacuation of the German-outposts. Similar reports came ffcrn north-of the Ancre. and by night fall yesterday the British had estab-1 li-hed themselves in Petit Miraumont and advanced all along the line, meet ing only with sniping resistance here :nni there. Today the British patrol pressed for ward. keeping in close contact with the Germans who had retreated a further j. yards during the night. Thus the way was opened to the ground which for months had been contested. There were bursts of stiff resistance from German obstructing parties which had been scattered in the rear of the retiring columns. Early tbday a big mine was exploded in the main street of Miraumont just before the British advance patrols entered. . • It is evident now that the Germans, taking advantage of the last days of the recent heavy frost and hard ground, moved a great many of their guns well to the rear, leaving others forward to keep up a show Os resistance. This they had been valiantly doing for the past three or four days, firing more rounds than any German guns in re cent months. The reason for this is considered as probably a desire to shoot up store- 1 of ammunition which there was not time to remove. The foggy, misty weather was ideal; for the >eginning of the German re ’ iremenl, as it completely hid the pur-: pose of the movement of the prying eyes of the airplanes, which otherwise would have daily searched out the Ge"-! man pos i t Germans tpa>le prisoner yesterday and today said they had been left be hind to walk about and fire their rifles and make as much noise as possible They were delighted to be relieved from their thankless task. STATE TD MAKE NO B' MOVE TD BLOCK PARALLELING W. & A. • Governor, Attorney General and Judge Hart Agree That Decision of State Supreme Court Is Final The state of Georgia will not. it is believed, make any further fight to pre vent the Louisville and Nashville rail road from carrying out its plan to par allel the Western and Atlantic (the state railroad» by building a line from Atlanta to Cartersville, which will there connect with its line to Knox ville. This was the attitude shared by Gov ernor Harris, Attorney General Clif ford YValker and Judge John C. Hart, after they had held a conference Mon day afternoon to discuss the decision rendered Saturday by the state supreme court in which the anti-paralleling laW. passed at the extraordinary session of the general assembly in November, 1915, was held to be unconstitutional. The state officials are of the opinion that there is no appeal that the state can take from the supreme court's de cision; that even if an appeal was taken to the United States supreme court that tribunal would be certain to hold that the matter was one of purely a domes tice nature and Shat it was up to the state supreme court to construe the statutes of the state. These officials also entertained the opinion that so far as the new lease on the state road is concerned the statute now declared to be unconstitutional and void had served the same purpose as if it had been sustained as a valid, law. They point out that while the case’ wae pending ii\ the supreme court the state has been enabled to lease the Western and Atlantic for fifty years at an ad vanced rental and that even if the lessee had been inclined to hold the proposed parallel line over the state as a club to beat down the rental price in the new ; lease it had been unable to do so be- I cause of the act. Discussing ether features of the case, i Governor Harris said: | -If the legislature had passed the I constitutional amendment prohibiting I the issuance of a charter to build a par ‘ allel line, and if the people had ratified I the amendment, as they very proba bly would, then the state would be pro tected today. I -This constitutional amendment was a companion hill to the anti-pa:alleling bill. It should have been # passed when ithe anti-paralleling bill was passed, ft : failed to pass at the extra session of *1915. when the anti-paralleling bill was I passed, and came over to the regular session of 191«, It passed the senate lin 1916. but failed to come to a vote ■in the house. -If the legislature should now go ahead and pass the constitutional amendment, it could not he submitted to the people until the general election i.n 191 and that would probably be too • late to stop the issuance of a parallel : charter.” That the Louisville and Nashville rail road will go right ahead and renew the i application for charter for the building of a parallel line, notwithstanding the fact that a fifty-year lease for the West and Atlantic has been closed, seems . certain. HEADN'OTES OK DECISION. The headnotes of the decis’on are as follows: "I. The act of 1915'(acts 1915, page IS i is not violative of article 3. section 7. paragraph 8, of the constitution of this state (section 6437 civil code*, which provides: 'No law or ordinance j shall pass which refers to more than one subject matter, or contains matter different from what is expressed in the title thereof.' "2. When the act of 1915, mentioned 'in the preceding note, is considered, in •its entirety, in the light of the history of its passage as disclosed by the ad :ni.-yiions in the pleadings in the case, it utficiently appears that the act is ap plicable to the proposed application for I < harter. which was the subject matter of the suit. "3. The act of 1892 (acts 1892. page , 37 >. the purpose of which was to carry into effect an amendment to the consti tution of this state (article 3. section 7, paragraph 18; civil code section 6446), .relating to the incorporation of railroad (Ccmpanies, is a general law within the meaning of 'article 1. section 4. para graph 1 oY the constitution of this state (civil code section 6391) which de clares in part: ‘Laws of a general na ture shall have uniform operation throughout the state, and no special law shall be enacted in any case Yor« which provision has been made by an existing general law.’ The act of i 915 (acts 1915. page 18) purporting to amend the above mentioned law, is a special enactment having reference to a matter for which the existing gehera) law provided; and is void as violative of the provision of the constitution above quoted. “(a) It is erroneous to refuse the mandamus absolute. "Application was duly made under civil code sections 2577 to 2597 inclu sive. to the secretary’ of state for char ter of a corporation to be called North Georgia Mineral Railroad company. The pronoser, route of the railroad extended a distance of about fifty miles, to a | place called Wafford's Cross Roads, near the town of Cartersville, in Bartow county. Georgia. The Western and At- (Continued on Page 3, Column 5.) Text of Wilson's Speech WASHINGTON, Feb. 26.—Presi dent Wilson arrived at the capitol just before 1 o’clock and promptly at that hour stepped up to the clerk’s desk in the hall ‘of the house where both branches of congress, meeting in special joint ses sion, were assembled before him. He spoke as follows: Gentlemen of the congress: 1 have again asked the privilege of addressing you because we are moving through critical times during which it seems to me to be my duty to keep in close touch with the ■ house of congress so that neither counsel nor action shall run at cross purposes between us. On the third of February I of ficially informed you of the sudden and unexpected action of the im perial German government in de claring its Intention to disregard the promises it had made to this government in April last, and under take immediate submarine operations against all commerce, whether of belligerents or of neutrals, that should seek to approach Great Britain and Ireland, the Atlantic coasts of Europe, or the harbors of the eastern mediterranean, and to conduct those operations without re gard to the established restrictions of International practice, without re gard to any considerations of hu manity even which might interfere with their object. That policy was forthwith put into practice. It has now been in active execution for nearly four weeks. Its practical results are not fully disclosed. The commerce of other neutral na tions is suffering severely but not, perhaps, very much more severely that it was already suffering before the fifst of February, when the new policjP of the imperial government was piM into operation. We have asked the co-operation of the other neutral governments to prevent these depredations, but I fear none of them has thought it wise to join us in any common course of action. COMMERCE OF AMERICA ALSO HAS SUFFERED. Our own commerce has suffered, is suffering, rather in apprehension than in fact, rather because so many or our ships are timidly keep ing to their home ports than because American ships have been sunk. Two American vessels have been sunk, the Housatonic and the Lyman M. Law. The case of the Housa tonic, which was carryrng foodstuffs consigned to a London firm, was es sentially like the case of the Frye, in which it will be recalled the Ger man government admitted its liabil ity for damages, and the lives of the crew as in the case of the Frye were safeguarded with reasonable care. • The case of the law which was carrying lemon box staves to Pa lermo disclosed a ruthlessness of method which deserves grave con demnation, but was accompanied by no circumstances which might not have been expected at any time in connection with the use of the sub marine against merchantmen as the German government has used it. In sum. therefore, the situation we find ourselves against commerce to the actual conduct of the German submarine warfare against commere and its effects upon our own ships people is substantially the same ♦Wat it was when I addressed you on the third of February, except for the tying up of our shipping in our own ports because of the un willingness of our ship owners to risk their vessels at sea without in surance or adequate protection and the very serious congestion of our commerce which has resulted, a con gestion which is growing rapidly more and more serious every day. This in itself presently ac complish, in effect, what, the new German submarine orders were meant to accomplish, so far as we are concerned. We only say, there fore, that the overt act which I have ventured to hope the German com tqanders would in fact avoid has not occurred. SITUATION IS FRAUGHT WITH GRAVEST DANGERS. But while this is happily true, it must be admitted that there have been certain additional indications and expressions of purpose on the part of German press and the German authorities which have in creased rather than lessened the impression that, if our ships and our people are spared it will be be cause of fortunate circumstances or because the commanders of the Ger man submarines which they may happen to encounter exercise an un expected discretion and restraint rather than because of the instruc tions under which those command ers are acting. It would be foolish to deny that the situation is fraught wish the gravest possibilities and dangers. No thoughtful man can fail to see that the necessity for definite action may come at any time, if we are In fact, and not in word merely, to defend our elementary rights as a neutral nation. It would be most imprudent to be unprepared. I cannot in such circumstances be unmindful of the fact that the expiration of the term of the pres ent congress is Immediately at hand, by constitutional limitation: and that it would, it) all likelihood, re quire an unusual length of time to assemble and organize the congress which is to succeed it. I feel that I ought, in view of that fact, to ob tain from you full and immediate assurance of the authority which I may need at any moment to exer cise. No doubt I already possess that authority without special warrant of law, by the plain implication of my constitutional duties a,nd powers; but I prefer, in the present circum stances, not to act upon general Implication. I wish to feel that the authority and the power of the con gress are behind me in whatever it may become necessary for me to do. RECOURSE TO ARMED neutrality IS FORCED. We are jointly the servants of the people and must act together and In their spirit, so far as we can divine and interpret it. No one doubts what it is our duty to do. We must defend our com merce and the lives of our people in the midst of the present trying cir cumstances', with discretion but clear and steadfast purpose. Only the method and the extent remain to be chosen, upon the occasion, if oc casion should indeed arise. Since it has unhappily proved im possible td safeguard our neutral rights by,diplomatic means against the unwarranted infringements they are suffering at the hands of Ger many, there may be no recourse*but to armed neutrality, which we shall know how to maintain and for which there is abundant American prece dent. It is devoutly to be hoped that it will not be necessary to put armed force anywhere into action. The American people do not desire it, and our desire is not different from fheirs. 1 am sure that they will un derstand the spifjt in which I am now acting, the purpose I hold near est my heart and would wish to ex hibit ii* everytMng I do. I am anxious that the people of the nations at war also should un derstand and not mistrust us. I hope that I need give no further proofs and assurances that I have already given throughout nearly three years of anxious patience that I am the friend of peace and mean to pre serve it for America so long as I am able. I am not now proposing or con templating war or any steps that need lead to it. I merely request that you will accord me by* your own vote and definite bestowal the means and the means and the au thority to safeguard in practice the right of a great people who are at peace and who are desirous of ex ercising none but the rights of peace to follow the pursuit of peace in quietness and good will—rights rec ognized time out of mind by all the civilized nations of the world. No course of my choosing or of theirs will lead to war. War can come only by the wilful acts and aggressions of others. AUTHORITY IS ASKED TO ARM STEAMERS. You will understand why I can make no definite proposals, or fore casts. of action now and- must ask for your supporting authority in the most general terms. The form in which action tnay become necessary cannot yet be foreseen. I believe that the people wijl be willing to trust me to act with restraint, with prudence, and In the true spirit of amity and good faith that they have themselves displayed throughout these trying months; and It is in that belief that I request that you will authorize me to supply our merchant ships with defensive arms, should that become necessary, and with the means of using them, and to employ any other instru mentalities or methods that may be I . I I The Semi-Weekly Journal The Leading Southern Newspaper The a h^ k New York World A National Newspaper Without an Equal You get five issues a week! 260 issues a year— All for $ J *lO a year SIGN the coupon —— enclose the The Semi-Weekly Journal. Atlanta, Ga.: sl.lO either by Enclosed And sl.lO. Send Semi-Weekly Journal check, postoffice an( | The Thrice-a-Week New York World to the money order, address below for one year stamps or cash by registered mail— NAME and mail to The Sem i - W e e k 1 y (( * Journal, Circula- tion Department, \ R. F. D STATE Atlanta, Ga. 1 r - > necessary and adequate to protect our ships and our people in their legitimate and peaceful pursuits on the seas. I request also that you will grant me at the same time, along with the powers I ask, a sufficient credit to enable me to provide adequate means of protection where they are lacking, including adequate insur ance against the present war risks. I have spoken of our commerce and of the legitimate errands of our people on the seas, but you will not be misled as to my main thought, the thought that lies be neath these phrases and gives them dignity and weight. It is not of national interests merely that we are thinking. It is, rather, of funda mental human rights, chief of all the right of life itself. lam think ing not only of the rights of Ameri cans to go and come about their proper business byway of the sea, but also of something much deep* er, much more fundamental than that. I am thinking of those rights of humanity without which there is no civilization. My theme is of those principles of compassion and of pro tection which* mankind has sought to throw about human lives, the lives of non-combatants,- the lives of men w’ho are peacefully at work keeping the industrial processes of the world quick and vital, the lives of women and children and of those who supply the labor which ministers to their sustenance. We are speaking of no selfish ma terial rights, but of rights which our hearts support and whose foun dation is that righteous passion for justice which all law, all structures alike of family, of state, and of mankind must rest, as upon the ul timate base of our existence and our liberty. I cannot Imagine any ptan With American principles at his , haart hesitating to defend these things. EIT BICE iff SUES BACK DE HIGH PRICES Campaign of Education Begun in New York by Food Supply Committee > (By A«»ociated Breai.) WASHINGTON, Feb. 26.—Appropria tion of $6,000,000 for federal relief in the food situation and for investigation to devise better marketing and distri bution methods was proposed in a res olution introduced today by Senator Borah, of Idaho. Action was deferred. NEW YORK. Feb. 26.—A campaign of education against high food prices was extended today through several avenues. This plan was adopted by the board of health after an investigation to ascer tain just how much suffering existed among the poor, and by the mayor’s food supply committee. It was endorsed by Governor Whitman, who summed up his view of the situation by saying “the people have simply got to eat what they can assort to eat.” The food supply committee sent to homes throughout the city by means of public school children one million cir culars urging citizens to eat rice instead of potatoes, onions and cabbage. George W. Perkins, chairman of this committee, asserted that New York City might ex- CUIURD LINER SH WITHOUT WARNING. . SO LONDON REPORTS 11 • Consul Frost at Queenstown Reports Some Are Known to Be Missing and That One Is Dead • (By Associated Press.) LONDON, Feb. 26.—-It Is stated au thentically that the Laconia was tor pedoed without warning. Wesley Frost, American consul at Queenstown, telegraphed the American embassy here today: "Cunarder Laconia torpedoed 10:50 Sunday night. Two hundred and sev enty-eight survivors landed. Details lacking, but known some missing, one dead.” Survivors of Laconia Number 270, Is Report (By Associated Proas.) QUEENSTOWN. Feb. 26.—The Cunard line steamship Laconia, of 18,099 tons gross, which sailed from New York Feb ruary 18 for Liverpool, has been sunk. The survivors of the Laconia are said to number 270. They will be landed to night. Steamer Sailed From New York February 18 (By Atsociated Press.) NEW YORK, Feb. 26.—Twenty Ameri cans, all native born, were members of the crew of the Laconia. With the ten American passengers this makes a total of thirty Americans aboard. The Cumard liner Laconia sailed from New York on February 18 with 100 pas sengers, among whom were ten or more Americans. First cabin passengers totalled 33 and second cabin 42. The crew numbered 216. There were no steerage passen gers. Five thousand sacks of United States mail were carried by the Laconia, The Cunard line received confirmation from the British admiralty of the de struction of the Laconia. Americans aboard were Miss Phyllis Barker, New York; Arthur T. Kirby, Bainbridge, N. J.; Mrs. F. E. Harris, N<w York; F. P. Gibbons, of the Chicago Tribune; Mrs. Mary E. Hoy and Miss Elizabeth Hoy, of Chicago, and Rev. James Wareing, of New York. The Laconia was one of the largest vessels of the Cunard fleet and the larg est thus far sunk since the new German submarine warfare was commenced. She registered 18,099 tons, was 600 feet long, 71 feet beam and 40 feet depth. She was built in 1911 at Newcastle. pect only slight reductions in food prices unless the people made up their minds to adopt substitutes for expensive food stuffs. Enough rice Is available at a low price, hd said, to afford relief until legislative action can be taken. On Wednesday, it was announced pub lic hearings will begin at Albany on the Wicks bill creating a state department of foods and markets. Governor Whit man. who has been here since Friday night, devoting nearly all his time to the food situation, said that while prices were unquestionably high throughout the state, he found no conditions elsewhere resembling those in New York City. The governor received personal proof of advancing prices yesterday when he found many dishes on the mefiu at the hotel where he was staying cost 10 cerfts more than on Saturday. The department of health, in a report | |o the mayor, found that a marked in : crease in the export of staple foodstuffs I had a great influence in raising prices, i but declared nevertheless, that there was less deyendency and real need in the city | than had been common for many years I past. At the same time the department | reported that families whose incomes ; were SBOO a year or less would suffer Iby their inability to buy sufficiently ! nourishing food at the present prices, j The report urged that the poor be edu i cated to buy food more intelligently and i said that the well-to-do might contribute toward this education "by altering hab its of carelessness and extravagance in ' their homes” A number of retail grocers today join ed consumers in the boycott against po tatoes, onions and chickens, and agreed ! not to sell these articles. • Armor Plate Board to Reach Rome Tuesday (Special Dispatch to The Journal.) ROME, Ga., Feb. 26. —The armor plate plant board will reach Rome from Gads- i den at 5:40 Tuesday afternoon and will j remain here until 7:25 Wednesday eve-, ning, leaving at that time for Washing ton. In accordance with the desire of the board no formal entertainment will be given them. Members of local com mittee will .dine with the board Tues day evening, ’and the board will be : guests of the Rotary club at luncheon Wednesday. Rome’s claims will be pre ■ sented at the hearing Wednesday after i noon at 3 o’clock. None of these affairs i will be public. NUMBER 42. CONTINUED INVASION OF AMERICAN RIGHTS TAKEN TD CONGRESS y* - J President Asks Power to Put United States irr State of Armed Neutrality to Meet German Submarine Menace (By Associated Press.) WASHINGTON, Feb. 26—President Wilson appeared before congress at 1 o’clock this afternoon and asked for au thority to place the United States in a state of “armed neutrality,” to resist the German submarine menace. Continued of the plain right* of heutrals on the high seas, further , sacrifice of American lives and ships, the intolerable blockade of American com merce—almost as effectual as if the country were at war—have taken th< place of a dreaded "overt act” which was expected to shock the world—and have forced the president into the next step toward war. News of the sinking of the liner La conia with Americans aboard was re-1 ceived here as the president was on his way to address congress. Although without details, its grave possibilities £lded emphasis to the president’s words. President Wilson, asking to be em powered to taJie whatever steps are neU essary, which concludes the arming of ships, the convoying of merchantmen by war vessels, or what other aft ' necessary, made it plain again that 1 hi wanted peace, but not at the price ol 1 American lives and rights, driving the American flag from the seas. Congress is expected not only to au thorize the president to use the aimed forces of the country, but also to pro- I vide money. I Once before, in the infancy of the re- ■ public, a state jof armed neutrality wa* proclaimed to check "predatory vio lence” upon American rights, in the wac ( between France and England, budit did not result actually in war for the United i States. , NOW UP TO BERLIN. Whether another armed neutrality will mean war depends on whether Germanjs realizes that the United States is ready? to protect its neutral rights by what* ever means are necessary. With a full realization of the solemni ty of the occasion the president took hia action today with the calm confidenci that congress and the country will stanfl behind mm. The grim-faced body of senators aiß representatives who less than a montM ago heard the president pronounce thH words which announced a severance oj diplomatic relations with Germany—afl act which in all the history of first class nations always has led to war—heard today in tense silence and grave atten tion the words which carry the American republic a step further in its stand against ruthless sacrifice of neutral rights and lives —and a step nearer war if it must be. HEAR SPEECH IN SILENCE. The president’s address was delivered without applause. The gravity of the moment, as if by common consent, pre vented any uproarious bursts of enthu sias. j From Republicans and Democrats who have been pressing for forward action there were vigorous nods of approv*!. The element classed as pacifist and those who are accounted as sympathizers with them heard the address in silence, and when it was over, refrained from expres sions, saying they were "thinking.” /To the very end there was no ap plause but when it was concluded thera was a storm of cheering and handslapJ ping. Senator Stone said administration leaders had not yet definitely decided whether the legislation the president asks would be introduced first in the house so as to carry the credit. A bill rather than a resolution, combining a grant of authority and the appropriation, probably will be drawn. Immediately after the p/esident left the capitol a meeting of the house for eign affairs committee was called and Chairman Stone, of the Senate foreign relations committee, said his commit-, tee would be called together later this afternoon. Senator Simmons, chairman of the finance committee, said he believed $500,000,000 would be sufficient at this time and that it might be provided by an amendment to the revenue bill now before the senate. Several influential Republican sena tors declared today that they did nci | "want to sign a blank check” for the* president, and predicted that a filibuster ' against the legislation he requested to force an extra session of consre«% Those Republicans expressed a view that the president’s attitude was not suf ficiently definite. They, would not say. however, that an extra session, which i they regard as imperative, would be used to fight the legislation the president re quested. The view taken by Democrats is that (Continued ca Page 2, Col. I.) _ j