Newspaper Page Text
2
CONTINUED INVASION
- OF AMERICAN RIGHTS
TAKEN TO CONGRESS
(Continued from Fags Ons.)
Jthe president has made no unreasonable
~f*quest.
S'To ask for authority to use the forces
"W the United States to protect Ameri
3i»n rights is not tn any sense to' ask
&©.- a declaration of war. nor is it an
ict of war. It is to prepare the United
States for what may be war-like acts
by any other nation.
The president decided that Before con
agrees was adjourned for the session it
was necessary that he be given addition
al authority to protect American rights.
JThere have been reports that such a
move would be opposed in congress, but
he decided to lake the step, regardless
of that.
In his address the president pointed
out that Germany's acts since the break
in diplomatic relations indicate her de
termination to go forward w»th her cam
paign of ruthlessness, despite the pro
tests of neutrals whose rights are in
volved. The president is represented as
confident that congress will rise to the
occasion and promptly give him the de
aired authority.
The president is still as anxious *.s
•ver. it. was said, to avoid war with
(Germany, but is determined to protect
American rights. He has made full and
| detailed plans for protecting American
•hips desiring to enter the German war
•one.
The president pointed out that while
he desires peace there is something
greater than peace—the protection of
the sovereign rights of America and that
the untrammeled right of American ships
to sail the seas unmolested by any for
| eign nation must be upheld.
Mr. Wilson's decision to go before
. congress was partly caused by the fact
> that Germany's campaign Is keeping
| American ships tied up in American
ports Such a condition, the president
- points out, is unbearable.
Democratic leaders of the senate and
house were notified and arrangements
were made for his appearance before a
. joint session in the hall of the house.
Arming American merchantmen or con
voying them through the war zone are
two methods of protecting American
| commerce being considered. Exactly
what steps will be taken has not been
revealed
DOCKS UP PRECEDENT S.
President Wilson is still confident that
' an extra session will be unnecessary,
h The situation ouUined in his address.
■ he believes, is such that congress will
i give him the desired authority ungrudg
i ingly. He has carefully looked up the
I precedest and found that on previous
occasions the United States has taken
the position of armed neutrality with
out bringing about war.
This condition existed once in rela
tion to France, when American vessels
were attacked by French ships interfer
ing* with American commerce.
Steps leading up to the announcement
that the president would go before con
gress this aftrenoon came is quick suc
cession early this morning At 9 o'clock
the president summoned Secretary Tu
multy to the White House and soon aft
erward called for Senator Stone. At
»:S0 the deputy public printer was
called to the executive offices and given
! the president's manuscript of his ad
» gress this aftrenoon came ia quick suc
multy made the announcement
The president concluded that it miAt
not be wise to wait for an overt act
k before asking additional authority of
T congress
5 The accumulation of violations of
American rights and the conditions
brought about by the failure of Ameri
*c*n merchantmen to leave port brought
( him to the decision to act before con
gress adjourned
p When President Wilson announced to
■ congress the severance of diplomatic re
flations with Germany he said he was
; unable to believe that Germany would
sacrifice American rights in the cam
paign of ruthlessness which she had pro
btdaimed. but added:
L. "If this inveterate confidence on my
part in the sobriety and prudent fore
-sight of their purpose should unhappi
-ly prove unfounded; if American ships
and American lives should, in fact, be
•acrifced by their (German! naval com
manders in heedless contravention of
the just and reasonable understandings
of international law and the obvious
dictates of humanity. I shall take the
liberty of coming again befqre congress
to ask that authority be given me to
use any means that may be necessary
Tor the protection of our seamen and
.pur people in the prosecution of their
t peaceful and legitimate errands on the
E high seas. I can do nothing less.**
“ARMED NEUTRALITY."
Armed neutrality was described by
Laufhorltles on international law as mili-
Btary measures for the purpose of de
fending rights of neutrals against threat -
Honing Infrtngments on the part of a
Hgoiligerent. It has generally concerned
Bthore than one power and»the most striK-
■ tng historical Instances of armed neu-
K trait ties were those of the northern
g European powers in 1780 and 1800 made
_to defend the principle of free ships and
free goods adopted by treaty between
? <he ■•naltic powers ano op pose a oy Eng
■teC
lF “If the commercial interests of sev
» »ral nations." says one authority, "are
by unjust or unlawful meas-
I tires, on the part of a belligerent, which
f they deem unjust or dangerous, there
f ran be no questions of their right to se
» cure their menaced interests by such
I combinations as seem best calculated
| to accomplish that purpose.
*An armed neutrality is in fact an al-
I z liance of several powers usually of a
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Mu/I •'!
of Do/'cr and
To Overcomfe U-Boat Peri
Z V ®
X ♦<& • V-
z- "fa
> it iA. V y|
British Isles, showing route from Helgoland to Scilly islands, where
submarines are operating, and route U-boats would have to take if Eng
land closed the straits and channel; also shallow stretch from Bournemouth
to Cherbourg, where laying of mines would not be difficult.
Such a Course Virtually Would
Put an End to Operations of
the German Submarines
Against Shipping of Allies
BY GILBOW GARDNER.
WASHINGTON. Feb. 24.—There are
strong intimations that Great Britain
will meet the new German U-boat cam
paign by closing up the Straits of Dover.
Certainly this step will be taken if
necessity presents.
Information to this effect comes
through diplomatic channels. This is
natural, since the only difficulties in
the wav of the plan are diplomatic ones.
MAY FOLLOW GERMAN METHOD.
A wholesale suspension of interna
tional laws would be the one important
preliminary.
Either this or the tedious and impos
sible task of securing the consent of all
the neutrals of the world who might
have ships wishing to use this public
highway.
The simplest way is to follow the Ger
man precedent and plead the new neces
sities of a new variety of war.
To paraphrase an old saying. "What
are international laws between enemies?"
Closing the Straits of Dover would
come very near to solving the submarine
problem, for this reason:
The U-boats are operating from a base
at Wilhelmshaven, or Heligoland, on the
North sea. and all must pass through
the straits to reach their present scene
of operations, which is in the vicinity of
the Scilly islands, where transatlantic
defensive character, though this is by
no means essential.”
During t'ne present war Hollan'd and
Switzerland have maintained what
amounts to an armed neutrality although
it has been confined to land.
BOND ISSUE PROBABLE.
In addition to giving authority to
establish a state of armed neutrality,
congress is expected to place in the
president's hands authority to get addi
tional money if needed. A bond issue
may be authorised.
President Wilson will point out thnt
rights of other neutrals have been af
fected but that they have shown no dis
position to follow the course laid out
by the United States. No new direct ap
peal is made to them.
NEUTRALS FORMER) LEAGUE.
Soon after 1778, when war broke out
between E'rance and Spain and France
and Great Britain, neutrals became
alarmed at the dangers with which the
maritime rights were threatened and the
empress of Russia undertook to unite
in defense of their neutral rights. This
formed the basis of treaties between
Russia, Denmark. Sweden. Holland,
Austria and Portugal. They formed a
league which under the name of Armed
Neutrality undertook to preserve in
violate the maritime rights of neu
trala
These declarations were recognised
by the treaty of peace between Great
Britain and France and were the es
tablishd law of nations when the United
States, in 1783, was recognised as In
dependent by the powers of the world.
The last time the United States was in
a state of armed neutrality was during
the war between E'rance and England,
which ended with the downfall of Na
poleon. *
After many acts against American
commerce bound for Effiglahd, France
on January 18, 1798, decreed that every
vessel found ot sea loaded with mer
chandise produced in F2ngland or her
possessions could be made a prise.
Many American vessels were seized,
and in June of 1798 President Adams be
gan to obtain from congress broad au
thority to protect American commerce
and to put the United States in a bet
ter position to make war if it became
necessary.
In rapid succession laws were made
to increase the naval armament, to au-
bles day and night, irritation, sediment,
i etc.
of control, smarting, uric acid,
dizziness, indigestion, sleeplessness, ner
vousness. sometimes the heart acts bad
j ly; rheumatism, bloating, lack of ambi
tion. may be loss of flesh, sallow com
plexion.
Prsvalsncy of Kidney Disease.
Most peonle do not realize tne alarm
| ing increase and remarkable prevalency
’ of kidney disease. While kidney dls
| orders are among the most common dis
; eases that prevail, they are sometimes
. the last recognized by patients, who
> very often content themselves with doc
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vessels turn the southwest point of Eng
land bound for the channel and North
sea ports.
It is a short and easy run for the
U-boat through the straits to this
vicinity.
COULD MINE STRAITS.
If the straits, which are twenty miles
wide, were mined, all U-boats would
have to go by the North sea around
Scotland, a journey of 1.500 miles, before
they could begin operations.
Some of the newer and larger boats
could make this journey, but most, of
them could not, and 80 per cent of the
U-boat force would thus be eliminated.
The effect of closing the straits would
be practically to close up all seaports
of the east coast of Great Britain, but a
more serious effect would be to make it
very difficult for Holland to get her
supplies.
It would also affect Belgium, and to
a certain extent Norway and Sweden.
Naval experts say it would not be at
all difficult to close the straits with
mines.
COULD OLOS® CHANNEL EASILY.
The waters of the straits themselves
are deep and swift, but a line drawn
from Bournemouth on the central south
ern coast of England south to tffierbourg
would designate a part of the channel
where ’the water is never over 127 feet
deep and Is mostly quite shoal.
If mines were sown or anchored on
this line the channel would be effectually
cloeM.
It may be the British admiralty will
try out converting supply ships before
resorting to this more drastic measure.
It remains’ as one answer to the Ger
man “mad dog" menace.
thorlze a provisional army, to arrest and
expel aliens, to authorize the defense
of merchant ships against French war
vessels, and to enable the president to
borrow money. On July 7, 1798, Presi
dent Adams approved an act reciting
that since treaties repeatedly had been
violated by France, just claims for
reparation refused and a system “08
predatory violence” had been pursued by
the French government, the United
States were ”of right freed and exon
erated from the stipulations of the
treaties,” and that these compacts
should not henceforth be regarded as
legally obligatory on the government or
citizens of the United States.
ACTUAL MARITIME WAR
Later that year further provision was
made for augmenting the army and
George Washington accepted the chief
command. The attorney general held
that the acts of France and the legisli- i
tion by congress gave him the opinion
that there not only existed “an actual
maritime war authorized by both na
tions.”
The difficulty with France was not
settled for many years. Thirty years
after France agreed to pay 25,000,000
francs to satisfy American claims, al
though many years before that time her
depredations on American commerce and
American reprisals had ceased.
The acts of congress in 1798 were in
the aggregate somewhat like the bill in
troduced in the senate Saturday by Sen
ator Fall. The president then was au
thorized to instruct and direct com
manders of United States war vessels
to seize and bring into any port of the
United States any armed vessel found
hovering on the coasts of the United
States and committing depredations on
American ships. They also were in
structed to retake any captured Ameri
can ship. Another act authorized mer
chant shjps to be armed and to take the
same steps against foreign war vessels.
Communication with France was forbid
den and French vessels were prohibited
from entering American ports.
When word reached the capltol that
the president- would addregs congress
the senate judiciary committee’was in
session considering one of the armed
neutrality bills proposed by the depart-j
ment of Justice. It would make it
lawful for the president to employ land!
and naval forces to enforce “any or all
obligations imposed. by the* United
States, by the law of nations, by treaty
ies or conventions to which the United
States is a party, or by the statutes of
the United States.”
Senators admit confusion as to just
what power the measure would extend.
It is probable the authority the presi
dent asks will be embodied in a sepa
rate joint resolution.
The resolution introduced Saturday
by Senator Fall and now before the for
eign relations committee, would author
ize the president “to instruct and direct
the commanders of the armed vessels be
longing to the United States to extend
protection to the vessels and property of
the citizens of the United States and to
seize, take and bring into port, or to de
stroy if unable to seize, any such armed
ships of either of the central [towers,
and particularly of the imperial German
government, which shall have com
mitted or which shall be found threat
ening to commit depredations on the ves
sels belonging to the citizens of the
United States or their property; and:
also to retake any ship or vessel of any
citizen or citizens of the United States
which may have been captured by any
such armed vessel of the central powers,
or either of them.”
It also would provide for defense of
vessels against search and seizure and,'
in the event of a declaration of war
against the United States or of immi
nent danger of war before the session ■
of the next congress, would authorize)
the president to raise an additional army
of 500,000 men.
Naval Officer Returns
NEW YORK. Feb. 28.—Commander 1
Philip Williams. U. S. N., here’
today on the steamship Haga from Bra- '
zil. where he had been instructing the,
Brazilian navy in gunnery. He has been
on a leave of absence
I I 11\](. H() VI r
All Are Subjected to Police
A Regulations
to Leave Germany—Authori
ties Cordial in Work
By Associated Press.)
BERLIN, Feb. 24.—(Via London. Feb.
25.1—" Americans desiring to leave Ger
many are being called u]K>n to meet
military and police pass regulations in
the same degree as other neutrals,”
the Spanish ambassador, who has charge,
of American interests tn Germany, in- I
formed the Associated Press today. I
Delays in obtaining official permis-:
sion and vises are to be accounted fori
solely in ahe formalities prescribed. 1
War time conditions have made these
more intricate, and, in addition, Ger-i
many in the past few weeks has under-j
taken to minimize travel across the:
frontier. While some Americans, who
are chafing under the delay in getting,
away, fail to appreciate the official atti-l
tude, the majority of those contemplat
ing leaving are satisfied to go through
the routine, especially as sailings from.
Dutch and Scandinavian ports havej
been called off for the present. All:
Berlin steamship agents are refusing
to book passengers. Americans thus
finding themselves marooned, are be
coming reconciled to their plight.
The Spanish minister desired to em- ,
phasize the statement that Americans)
are not being discriminated against and
that the delays attending pass vises for
the frontiers are due solely to the regu
lations imposed by the military and po
lice authorities upon neutrals and Ger
mans aljke.
A majority of the American physicians
who hurried to Berlin after the rupture
of relations have decided to return to
the military hospitals where they were
stationed. The German authorities are
very cordial in persuading the members
of the various units to Continue their
work, in which they have been receiving
the widest official encouragement.
While he has lost some of the legal
prerogatives of his diplomatic rank.
Brand Whitlock, American minister to
Belgium, remains in Brussels in a per
sonal and quasi-diplomatic capacity. At
the Spanish embassy here, which now
has charge of American interests, it
was stated that Minister Whitlock and
the legation staff had consented to re
main at their post after they had been
urgently requested to do so by the mili
tary authorities in the occupied terri
tory. The latten. commend highly Min
ister Whitlock's tact and practical
knowledge of the difficult situation,
from which they hope to benefit fur
ther. I.
A desire to see the relief work con
tinue unimpaired may be taken as a
further reason for the request of the
German authorities that Minister Whit
lock remain in Brussels where he and
the Spanish minister are supervising the
relief work
It is reported here that Holland is
furnishing the relief commission with
a large supply of meat. Relief ships
from the United States will be permit
ted to travel through the blockade zone,
virtually enjoying a safe conduct privi
lege'.
Carranza Forces Driven
From Sonora by Villa
NOGALES. Ariz., Feb. 25. —Reports of
two dayF fighting around Saric Sonora
between Carranza troops under General
Camacho and a band of Villa soldiers,
were confirmed here today by United
States army officers It was said the
Villa forces forced the Carranza troops
out of Sonora.
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Dr. Ferdinand King Say?:
EVERY WOMAN
EVERY MOTHER
EVERY DAUGHTER
NEEDS IRON
AT TIMES
To put strength in her nerves
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There can
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out iron. The i&SLsFSj
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ordinary me- ] ' ■* v * n ß’ > M.D.S Ii
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—Ferdinand King. M. I >.
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» BLOCr.
■■■Hkinc w. &
(Continued from Par 8 Ono.)
lantic railroad, owned by th e state of
Georgia, expended from Chattanooga,
Atlanta, Ga.
This property was under lease, soon tn
expire, to the Louisville and Nashville
Railroad company, a foreign corpora
tion. The latter company owned a rail
road extending from Knoxvlle, Tenn., to
Cartersville, Ga., where there was a
physical connection between its tracks
and the tracks of the Western and At
lantic railroad, and from whence the
L. and N. railroad was accustomed to
run its trains to Atlanta over the tracks
of the Western and Atlantic railway.
The applicants for charter of the North
Georgia Mineral Railroad company had
caused all things to be done which was
requisite under the statute to issuance
of the certificate of incorporation. The
secretary of state apprehending that
the application for charter was in the
interest of the L. and N. railroad pre
paratory to gaining an entrance into
Atlanta without the use of the W. and
A. tracks, and becoming a competitor
of the state foad at the termination of
its lease, called upon the attorney gen
eral for an opinion as to whether he
had a discretion under the constitution
and laws of Georgia to refuse the ap
plication, and was advised that he did
not have any discretion in the matter.
Conferences were then held between the
secretary of state and the governor of
Georgia, the atorney general, and the
attorneys for the applicants . for the
charter, which resulted in ah agree
ment by which the secretary of state
should not act in the matter of issu
ing a certificate of charter until the
meeting of the next session of the leg
islature, in order that that body might
take action on the subject as it should
see fit. When the legislature convened
a bill was passed and approved as fol
lows:
ACT OP' LEGISLATURE.
" ‘An act to amend section 2577 of
the code of 1910. providing for the issu
ance of corporate power to railroads, so
as to prevent the issuance of any cor
porate power to any private company
This Simple Laxative
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the stomach, foul gases and poisons are
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quickly relieved the system becomes
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Various remedies to relieve constipa
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and shock the system. The most effective
remedy is the combination of simple
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drug stores under the name of Dr. Cald
well’s Syrup Pepsin.
The Hon. John D. Keister, ot Brandy
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It contains no opiate or narcotic drug,
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»RY 27, 1017.
to parallel the tracks of the Western
and Atlantic railway, so long as the
same is the property of the state, and
for other purpus’s.‘
■'■Section 1. ve it enacted by the
general assembly of Georgia, and it is
hereby enacted by authority of the
same, that section 2577 ot the code ol
1910 be and the same is hereby amend
ed by adding the following words: "No
corporate power or privilege shall ever
be granted by the secretary of state to
any private company to build a line of
railway parallel with the track of the
Western and Atlantic railway so iong
as the same remains the property of
this state.” So that said section when
so amended will read as follows:
" "Section 2577. Corporate powers to
railroads granted by secretary of state.
AH corporate powers and privileges to
tailroad companies in this state shall
»e issued and granted by the secretary
of state, upon terms, liabilities, re
strictions and subject to all the pro
visions of this article and the consti
tution of this state. If by reason of
any interest in the proposed corpora
tion the secretary of state should be
disqualified, the duties required to be
performed by the secretary of state
shall be performed by the comptroller
general. Nc corporate power or privi
lege shall ever be granted by the sec
retary of state to any private com
pany to build a line of railway parallel
with the track of the Western and
Atlantic railway, or that will depre
ciate the value of said Western and
Atlantic railway, so long as the same
lemains the property of the state.
“.‘Section 2. Be it further enacted by
the authority aforesaid, that all laws
and parts of laws in conflict with this
act be and the same are hereby re
pealed.’ Acts 1915, page 18.'
"While the bill was pending the at
torney for the applicant for charter
appeared before the legislature and op
posed its passage. After the bill was
approved by the governor, the ‘secre
tary of state notified the applicants
for charter that he refused to issue a
certificate of incorporation, basing his
action on authority of the act. Man
damus proceedings were instituted to
compel issuance of a certificate, and
upon the hearing the judge refused a
mandamus absolute. The exception is
to this order. Other facts will suffi
ciently appear in the opinion.”
/»' \ i
L IiMIL ./ \ •
3 Jgy \
a family laxative, mild enough for the
tiniest babe, yet sufficiently powerful to
act easily on the strongest constitution.
To avoid imitations and ineffective
substitutes-be sure to get Dr. Caldwell’s
Syrup Pepsin. See that a sac-simile of
Dr. Caldwell’s signature and his portrait
appear on the yellow carton in which
the bottle is packed. A trial bottle, free
•of charge, can be obtained by writing to
Dr. XV. B. Cal l well, 425 Washington st.,
Monticello. Illinois, for whom this adver
tisement is published.
COSTIVE BOWELS.
HEADACHE. COLDS.
■ TOSCIRETS
No Headache, Sour Stomach,
Bad Cold or Constipation
by morning
Get a 10-cent box now.
Furred Tongue, Bed Colds. Indiges
tion, Sallow Skin and Miserable Head
aches come from a torpid liver and
clogged bowels, which cause your stom
ach to become filled with undigested
food, which sours and ferments like
garbage in a swill barrel. That's the
first step to untold misery—indigestion,
foul gases, bad breath, yellow" skin, men
tal fears, everything that is horrible and
nauseating. A Cascaret tonight will
give your constipated bowels a thorough
cleansing and straighten you out by
morning. They work while you sleep—
a 10-cent from your druggist will
keep you feeling good for months. Mil
lions of men and women take a Cascaret
now and then to keep their stomach, liv
er and bowels regulated, and never know
a miserable moment. Don’t forget the
children—their little insides need a good,
gentle cleansing, too.—(Advt.)
CuredHisRUPTURE
I was badly rrptured while lifting a trunk
several years ago. Doctors said my only hope of
cure was an operation. Trusses did me no good.
Finally 1 got hold of something that qujgkly and
completely enred me. Years base passed and the
r npture has never returnrsl. although I am doing
hard work as a carpenter. There was no opera
tion. no lost lime, no trouble. 1 have nothing to
sell, but will givr full information about bow
you may find a complete cure without opera
tion. if you write to me. Eugene M. Pullen,
Carpenter, 407-C Marcellus avenue, Manasquan.
X. J. Better cut out this notice ami show it
to any other* who are ruptured—you may save a
life or at least stop the misery of rupture and
the worry and danger of an operation.—y Advt.)
MPeLLAGRA
CURED
Don’t take harmful drugs or hypodermic in
jections. You must have a reconstructive treat
ment to build lip the system and drive out
the poisoi:«snt- infection if you arc to be CURED
OF PELLAGRA. My I’ellagra Treatment has
been used for ten years. Tlfousinds testify
to its w ( ndctful results. in the 50-page book,
which is mailed FREE in plain scaled wrapper,
you will find my proven theory as to the cause
of pellagra, and how it may be curled right in
your own home under guarantee of absolute
satisfaction or no charge tor treatment. The
1,, .ok also contains letters and photographs of
patients, bankers, ministers, doctors, lawyers
and others.
PELLAGRA: Tired and drowsy feelings; head
aches: depression: indolence; roughness or break
ing out of skin; sore mouth; tongue, lips and
throat flaming red: minus and choking: indi
gestion: diarrhea or constipation: mind affected
and other symptoms. Don’t take chances. Write
for your copy of this book today. A post card
willl do.
W. J. McCRARY, M. D..
DEPT. 502. CARBON HILL. ALA.
FITS:*
To yon who suffer write today. I will tell you of
a preparation that cured my daugMer. lam to
grateful for her recovery that I will gladly tend
you a FREE bottle of this wonderful medicine
bvmail. Z. Lepso.JialalandAv .Milwaukee,Wia.
H Locket, Chain & 2 Rings Free
Sell 6 Boxes Rosebud Salvu
st'^Ont-perlHTt An
seller. When sold return the
11.60 and we will send these xkvr
4 beautiful gold laid premi
ums. or choiee from
catalog. Write for Sa’.
To Day. WE TRUST YOU.
losebud Firfuoit Co. Boi 200 Wcodtkoro,
