Newspaper Page Text
• ••
FREDERICK S. FEU.
errt rai*T«j
Daily Fm»:
y f'<i
...Eight Dollars pet uni t ut.
Country Taper Sis Dollars per annum
Mtuhitt lit iiiVifr*
Again, we arc fold tVtal tbit tcalrictWe policy
tion.i* the amount of }ib consumption. ’T he cl
cr, theieforr, any njuibn cun be furnished
the fconsudnable onnirfiodities required for
supply of her wants, the less the. lax upon he
ntiui resources, If, under the operation ol
eiisting duties the nations) consumption is i
millions of dollars (I speak hypothetically,)
you add thirty three and one .third per centur
tjiewMieUfher ciOteni b:thi« refenri* '
\ luv nn iko .. . h " V
buhls hhl h
2,747,484 765,364
In the yuara 1817^ ’18—
1.557,019 138,493 3,149
In 1810 anti 'll thett were f.kportei and.teing fefcommenfled hy ttie experience of ' \
tfSsss”^ w Sl ““ “ , ' rf *»■ saaf iMmftss, p$zp tisxss'z^^
to the nation! „ . P ' Com Vlottr. Rice. ?obar.co 1 first instance by the importer, for the privilege of *'«; " ,lh A .? ,ow w s «Pport of the gov*
tlefi eq hhds Introducing foreign commodities into the home eminent, will never be bbjccted to by the
87?9 matket, it would seeqi rca sonnbh, it not necertn- people of these States. They cherish too
rvt that it should bdhr% direct preportion to the strong an attachment to this Union not to'
value of the article at the place where tt was pro contribute, most cheerfully, their just firo*
difference 1,190,465 626,871 68,at4 7,893 Xt’ihisbiil ndopta another principle, and hy cloinVaol'iho^nl^ ^ ^ WCc ™'*
valuation, twice and in some instances, expenses ot tho nation.
9 1
These facts
centum* by i duties alre.tay
-c, k , , you a<hl tltirty tnree anti one.tntruper cemum,ur
Vi ational Js OMl'MlllOH, , R new imposition of duties, will not the annual un j these two nuti
At a meeting of the Democratic
. ‘ productive expenditure of the nation be increased j ships engsged'lh thi3 Iw ha 1 e b
Mem twenty millions ? A psrt of this sum, it is true, | cut of employment, and their marke
nf It... will EO into the pocket of the home manufacturer, ‘ gainst our surplus produce. A siroiU
190,465 626,871 68,814 7,393 R-.it, tilts bill adopts ntto
show the pernicious eff. cts of the an arbitrary valuation, twi<
? imposed on the importations from three times as high as the
ions, by which, at least thirty-five ly prohibits the importati
«Maty
een‘ Uirown sumption with the payment
its closed a. the amount of duty ‘
fffect has first instance, the, revenue fs
W.W. It. CRAWFORD,
of Georgia, be tecommended to the people
of the United Sta es as a
for the office of President
fiLBEft'V GJyLLAT\.\\
Iviliii | niitj tins ib oniicti cntiVM'itv>• — - - •• —■ ■■ * lu
I, t ,r sir, 1 protest against tin use here attempted commerce, bankrupt our merchants, and by con i
tobemadeof "the sactcd associations of home*’ lining the surplus productions of agriculture at:
The generous impulses which are ever awakened home, te diminish their value, and impoverish all
. -hvhisi uiu.ii.9i, 31 rsetr
... ur uitiotR IT™' thCy arC b0Und ‘° P t0 . te8t - thl »
ifya diminished con- mt,. proposes a rate of duties, not only
weight of the tax.— higher than that which is called for by the
I it appear to be the wants of the Treasury, but so excessive as
prtKluce these effect* Sir, to threaten a diminution of the consume
masked .eg 1 s ! .noo, t ., urn , io „ of the duticcl articles, and thereby?£
high minded ,m P alr the public revenue,
ur measures Cotton bagging is used,exclusively,with-
impose
it by pro!
contl, it is lessened ‘
iloned by the
case does it appear to
, and not reputable to
)f this Union are high .MM ,
i and honest, and' they expect from your measures Cotton bagging is used,exclusively,
no more than meeta the eye. They will never in these States, and, as the manufacture of
<* *hc United St. „ . proper Cuidi&l. iTufmnT^T^o'SrtirtSJ’rSSSi; Wl .**$»«+. SSdkM 'Sg-SflFC'! T t3SSw3Wh UU
when the wisest statesmen of Europe are yield- tibn ot the poor than on the rich Low priced encouragement of the'cultivator ofliemp.
tabiishments so much greater than those of coin, the most exceptionable char cter i Should you ‘ time, greater profits than that invested in any o- equally as practicable on all classes of the
merce and agriculture, as to promise advantages not rather improve the occasion, so auspicious for j liter branch of naikinal industry. Hut the history community, throughout the various sub*
to the labor and capital whirh may be transferred I the purpose, to secure ami multiply foreign mar-; of manufactures in England proves fliat such pro divisions of the Union. Nothine ronld
lie latter to the former ? If so, they surely keu, hv increasing the facilities to foreign inter. I faction U not necessary to the success of this ape- - ... «
no protection { but should ba called on to count? Sir, your foreign commerce, consisting cu-s of manufacture Nay, air, it proves that those: ’' > ea * a " 0S P cct mni ® “Rh 111 " or invidious
Tills subject has been so much discussed both fsirniab aid, if aid were necessary, to tho less pros-! of nearly eight hundred thousand tuna of ship- . flourish most which have been least protected: for ln8n ® «* «R onr »Ub division Ot the Union,
in tnd out of Congress, that I would not now ask porous branches of productive industry. Hut, if ping, and employing forty thousand seamen, is | her silk and wnoleen manufactures, which have by which the profits of its capital and labor
<* .* a! — f a 1. a. I A ... ama It nnf fm. I It A Haul . • _ .... ~t .1 a _a a ..a a a 1 ..... a i K«» a It ii.tmi n..na nn*i aitli/tifiwla Tn it i o in. 1 K a Art an arttnltr min Mrlaiil unr) tVVnlnnl ml k«i lulL .I.A..I J L A _ I_ .1 1 — aL a — _ I _ . . . iv
OW TBS BIU, LATINO
DUTIES aV IMPORTS.
OBUVBRLD IB THE SEN ATI' < F TUK V fcTATES,
May 3, 1824.
«fr, 1 consider its pollcy as more than qutKt'uma
ble. 1 he power “to
more labor and capital into a channel acknouledg.
* pass
o lay and collect taxes, duties ! ed to be so unproductive ? Should this bill
imports, and excises,” was en'natcd to Congress i ,j, e profits of imnaficttircrs would be great in
principally with a view to Ihe .revenue ol the ,i e ,j But as the payment of them must be made
country! yet, in the tudicious exercise of it, in I fur the annual resources of the nation, it would by
the imposition of duties on foreign importations, j so n-.uch increste tho expenditure for nntioml
it w i* intended to sahserve th' double purpose of | «bnsumption > and the consumption of a nation is
augmenting tho revenue, an I protecting the
growing manufactures of the nation. These have
wcoordingly, been the legitimate objects of the
laws, hitherto passed hy Congress, in relation to
this subject—The-wat of 1812 gave astonishing
activity to our infant manufactures. Preventing,
almost entirely, the introduction of foreign arti
det, it left the consumption of the nation to be
attpplied, in a grest measure, by the t (Torts o*
domestic capital and labor. The extraordinary
dm...rid thus ere ted for domestic articles ensuv
ed to the manufacturers correspondent profits;
and capitalists, forgetting the transitory characte-
of the cause which occasioned this date of thing-,
mo t improvidenUy invested large sums in manu
facturing establishm- n's. These establishments
did well so long us the artificial stimulus, under
which they were crcaieu, continued to operate
But the war at length closed, the monopoly wa
At an end, and ruin se tned inevitable. At this
critical moment, air, Congress interposed: amt, al
though it was not possible to save all, ran.y hav
ing paid for their establishments three nr four
tiin-s the vafae of them, and bCsome instances,
too, with money borrowed from bar ks at ixtrava-
f snt rates of interest, yet, it was hoped the pru-
rnt and the practical might he relieved. Accor-
finely, the law of 1816 was passed, under the as
aura .ۥ* of the manufacturers themselves that
they utre satisfied with its provisions, but which
Wt-ic m -'le still more favorable to them by the
k« of 1818, which subsequently passed on the
same subject. The result of these acts, at this
time, is a full Treasury, and •< ‘ax on the consump
tion of foreign commodities, operating as a bounty
to domestic manufacture*, of upwards of 20,000,.
000 of dollars annually t Thus far the nation has
gone, if nut cheerfully, certainly without excite
ment j for the wants of the Treasury teemed to
justify it, and the depressed state of manufactures,
from particular causes, called for something like
the new regulations then adopted. But now, sir,
our finances are adequate to (be annual disburse
ments of the nation! and if they are not improv
ing, they require not the augmentation of existing
duties to sustain them. This, then, is not to be
regarded as a revenue bill * its advocates will not
succeed in attempting to pass it off on the nation
ns such. It is too apparent that its sole object is
the p- ofit of the manufacturer, at the expense of
ail those who may find it either convenient or ne
subtraction from, and not an addition to, its stum
si wealth. I cannot perceive, then, that this
measure will add any tiling either to the indepen
dence, the industry, or the wealth of the Uiilti-d
States.
Hut, 1 do think I can perceive many pernicious
consequences which mu*t result from its adoption
VVliat sir, will belts effects upon the commercial,
navigation, and agricultural interests of the na
tion. These are so intimately connected, that, in
considering this subject, I choose not to separate
them. They are, indeed, so bound together by
lie strongest ties of mutual dependence and reei-
procsl advantage, Ui *t no one of them c»ti be se
riously burdened without inflicting some enrres
ji -ndent injury on the others. The snnuai sur
j*|.s* produce* of agriculture derives its value,
rincipally, from that commercial enterprise,
vliiub, by the means of navigation, seeks out for
it-the best market^ however remote; thus secur
ing to it the highest prices,.tnd supplying in return,
the consumable commodities of other countries,
-vhich maybe wanted, on the lowest terms; while
the profits of the labor and capital employed in
these transfers, by the merchant and ship owner,
gradually advances with the increasing demand
for the supplies which they .furnish. Hut the
pmfiisofthis system of exchange must ever be irt
the inverse ratio of the restrictions imposed upon
it. On the exports of the nation, the constitution
has wUely interdicted all burdens, while, on the
imports, it h it permitted Congress to lay and col
tect duties and imports, as s legitimate source of
revenue. And,notwithstanding the heavy l«sse-.
experienced under the operation of the Milan and
Berlin decrees, the-disastersofth* late British war,
the pressure of the embargoes which preceded
it, and the no less destructive effects of that un
expected competition which followed, on the sud
den return of universal peace, the Treasury of the
nation has already received,from this single sourc'.
about tiiree hundred and fifty millions of dollar* ?
This fact inconteslibly proves the value and im..
i ortance of these branches of the productive in
dustry,of the nation, and justifies the policy which
would cherish them as the foundation of its wealth
and power. But, sir, the bill on your table proposes
to protect and sustain an extended system of do
mestic manufactures, by (he imposition- of exces
sive, if not prohibitory dutirs on imports. It is
most manifest, then, that it contemplates additional
T'rnm, this source also must you luok for the
strerph and efficiency of your navy. This is the
school Where seamanship is acquired, enterprise
encouraged, ami dangers rendered familiar. The
hardy and adventurous sailor is to be found only
where foreign ommerce is duly appreciated anil
encouraged H. herto the commerce r.f the Uni
ted States has bten fostered and encouraged: and
no nation ever bosstednf seamen more skilful or
patriotic 'ban the American tars Under the com
mand of our gallant naval officers, what di • not
these meritorious men achieve for this nation du
ring the last wia? They first checked the proud
triumphs of the enemy, and broke the talisman of
British navu! invincibility: They saved ycur north
ero frontier from invasion, by the brilliancy of
their victories on the lakes—and on the Atlantic
Ocean, they bore your iligin triumph bven to the
shores ol Engla id) Nay,sir, disdaining confine,
ment within those limits,they doubled Cape Horn,
and, with a single ship, created t fleet from the
spoil* of the pnemy in,the Pacific Ocean! The A-
mcricHn Navy is no longer the theme of continue
ccssary to consume foreign merchandise. _ And restrictions on these important branches of indus-
will Congress undertake thus to interfere with the t r y, calculated not only to lessen their profits, but
Are we prepared to assume the exercise of such ■
power in the face of the nation? To a revision of
* the ariff, sir, I should have had no objection.
This is an operation which may be advantageously
attempted at regular periods, with a view to a ju
dic.icms distribution ot the duties among the vari
ohs objects of the tax. But, against a periodical
increase of'he imposts of the nation, not called for
by me existing state of the Treasury, but induced
by the importunity of the manufacturing interest
«f the country, and for the sole benefit of this par
ticular class, I do most solemnly protest.
I consider this bill, then, Mr. President, as lay-
irg the foundation of an odious system of restric-
country
shipping employed in furnishing the accustomed
supply of the dutied articles, be thrown out of
employment. In the year 1807, fifteen ships were
employed from the town nf 3*lem alone, in the
British Bast India trade, and brought in principally
white cotton fabrics, paying an advalorem duty,
and valued at upwards of four millions of dollars:
but the laws of 1816 and 1818, imposed a duty so
excessive on these articles, that, in the year 1819,
two ships only could be maintained in the trade]
A similar effect must necessarily be produced by
these new regulations, whenever the duties are
greatly increased : for, the duty being a tax Upon
consumption, the consumption will lessen as the
tion in this country, which may not readily be laid tax is augmented But the consumption will
aside, £ven after its pernicious effects shall have 1 always regulste the supply **
been asceruned. its obvious effects will be to he imported, than can b
and reproach; it has fought itself into the con
lenc'i «nd affections nf the people, and is consi
dored by all as an imperiant arm of national de
fence Most unwi.-e; then, should <ve be, if, di*.
regarding the honorable experience of the past,
we not only neglect to foster and protect this in
valuable establishment, but pass taws like the one
on your table, in direct hostility to its future
gnivth and efficiency.
But, sir, how will t he provisions of this bill ope
rate on your revenue? It the assertion I commcnc
ed wi»h be correct, that the power “to lay ami
collect takes, duties, and imposts,” was intrusted
to Congre-s principally with a view to the rove
nuc of the nation, it is surely incumbent on us to
see that we pass no laws, in the exercise of tb<s
power, which shall diminish the revenue. The a-
mount of n revenue derived from imports must
always be in the direct ratio of the consumption of
the dutied articles; for, the consumption consul ti
ling the demand, will ever regulate the supply
But the consumption must necessarily depend up
on the means of the nation to purchase the arti
cles wanted The less the price of these articU s,
then,the greater the means for their procurement:
and, by consequence, the greater the quantity
that will be consumed Btk this bill proposes s
cnnliderable augmentation of the existing duties,
which, being a tax on the use of the articles spe
cified, must necessarily lessen their consumption
by diminishing the means of payment. To what
degree the consump ion of the country will be ef
fee ted by those new regulations, it is not possible
to say with precision. Yet It may safely be af
firmed, should the bill pass with its present provi
sions, they must lessen the receipts tn the Trea
sury, aPer the first year, more than two million!!
And will there be no danger to the revenue from
smuggling? The high prices consequent upon
excessive duties hsvi in every country produced
an illegal supply of the dutied articles, by which
the wants of the nati-m have been relieved, and
the revenue defrauded Could the government
so enforce the execution of this law as to pre-
vent the illicit introduction of foreign goods,
most of the new duties might be realized: for,
such is the force of habit arising from the long use
of particular articles, that more than their value
might be obtained from those who could illy af
ford to pay for them. But England, with her
thousand ships of war, and her army of revenue
officers, has not been able to ensure the execution
ot her laws on this subject And the United
States, in such a contest with her citizens, where
, the duties are deemed excessive, must prove e-
No more then, will qually powerless. Since the foimationofthisgo
e^consnmcd t and the vernment, under the wise imposition of moderate
there has accru cl to the Treasury from
alone, the sum of £350,000,000!
sitoiis Hut, by the provisions of the bill, as it
now is, it is proposed to tax those most wlto are
least able to bear it. And should you enact a law
of this character, woidd the public sentiment suf
far ii to remain on vour statute boo*:? No, sir t I
think 1 hazard nothing in saying it would not loog
resist the common sense nf the,nation.
Ilut, Si , I am constrained, I v the strongest mo
tives of'lutj, to l q.iirc wtiat will be the probable
effect of tbis bill upon the,interests of the cotton
growing states —These «re entirely agricultural,
m well by the Itabita of their paople, as the policy
of their civil institutions. And their prosperity
is of vital importance to the whole Union: for
whether this nation is to heco.no a m.imifuciuring
community gradually ns its wants shall dictate,
or more rapidly, by the force -of artificial sllmii-
a nts, the cotton of the South is equally necessary
to the profitable employment of us capital and la
bor. Under our present policy, these states not
only furnish the ratv material for the cotton fabrics
manufactured nt home, but give employment to
our navigating interest by offering to capitalist,
an export produce of the value of upwards of
twenty millions ofdo.lars, equal to nearly one hull
or the whole exports of the United State*.
Hut,it the value of cotton exported, $20,44.5,320
You add for tabmcco 6,000.000
Tor rice l,n2fi,98.5
For flour and corn 3,000.000
_ And,
— .urmcr, sir— greatly to the honor nf our merchants, this im-
U ? ^ commerce being but the exchange of equivalents, j mense amount has been collected and paid into
^yofthq^t 1 , arqglespyoduccd to CkCttgLthj- » refusal on our part to recet.e imports, must ] the coffers of the nation with the loss of less than
jiressed to afford further eiicouragement ? No, m oy we not calculate, too, on counte: vailing meas- j regulations are necessary for the support
air j you will probably °^°M,and that truly, that ure*. from those nations whose produce we thus ! vernment, and not intended for partial pu
sfromou *— 1 • “ “ * “
un of the
induced, if you did not force, all the capital and Portugal, will furnish the answer. Excluding the
labor employed in manufactures to take that di period ~ ‘ ‘ ~
rection; and you will be constrained by the amount
of this capital invested, snd now not to be with
drawn i if you are not compelled by the strength
of the manufacturing interest on this floor, to go
on with your sustaining measurer, until you find
the nation involved in all the odious consequences
of the British restrictive system. And what, sir,
are the equivalent advantages promised you by
the advocates of this measure 1 Domestic manu
fixtures thus encouraged, say they, will render us
independent of foreign nations, in one point of
view, this is certainly most desirable. But are we
not already physically independent ? Has not tbis
nation long since, been able to produce all that is
ntceesary for her. support and defence 1 And is
there any other attainable, or even desirable inde
pendence for civilized communities 7 Absolute
independence belongs not to ciiilized man; and
it can be affirmed of the savage, only from the
paucity of his wants. The true independence of
a civilized man, consists in l he power of gratifying
tiU want?! and this power depends o n the quantity
At consumable articles he can obtain in exchange
■for his surplus produce or labor. But tbis quantity
will be gret-ter or less in proportion to the extent
of the market and the freedom of exchange. For
it is them the profits of commercial intercourse,
growing out of the mutual ward? of civilized socie
ty, that enterprise is stimulated to seek out distant
markets, where the moat advantageous exchanges
are to be effected. Eveiy restraint, then, im-
poaed upon him in these psrtictiiars, abridge
lin. power,and necessarily lessens his lnuepei.*
of the late war between the United States
and Great Britain, We will compare the impor's
and exports of the years 1810 and 1811, with those
of 1817 and 1818; the first being before, and the
Inst after, the impotiiii n of the present duties
In the'years 1810 and 1811, there were import
ed into the United Stales, from Spain and her de-
pendeqpies—
Wines. Spirits From other
from gr tin. materials.
1,454,012 galls 1,577gull* 1,017,653 galls
In i he years 1817 and 1818—
917,201 333 157,038
difference, 536,(til J,244 £00,615
In the years 1810 anu 1811, there wet a export
ed to Spain, and her dependencies, from the U.
States—
Corn. Fleur. Kice, Tobacco
bshls. bbls. tierces. . hhds.
1,563,509 855,419 65,264, 13,733
In the yeifs 1817 and 1818—
158.888 198,975: 21,989
6,411
43.275
difference, 1,404,621 656,444
In the years 1810 and 'll tn
from Portugal and her dependencies into the U
States— •
Wines. Spirits, From othet
ftori, grain materials.
918,046 galls. 54,090 galls. 33,916gil*.
In ik- ears 1817
6l2,66o 431 2o,966
difference 305,386
#
{13,6.59 12,940
V
if go.
purposes,
of the nation will sustain and en-
Let your laws, then, sir, be just,
their object the public interest, and
operating as equally as practicable oh all classes
of our citizens, and you will require no guards to
secure to them their intended effec. But you
have no right to calculate on the aid of this princi
pie in the enforcement of laws of a contrary char
riiy increasing the burdens of the poor and labor.. rtf the South, lor the benefit (if that nf the
ingc'assof the community, the committee who <Vest; and, if the principle bo- corre6t,it
reported this bill had much better have provided may be carricd int0 Ken( . r ' al operution-Io
f.r the reduction in salt and the cheaper descrip, t> „r„ .a,. „ e, ,.
tiunsoftes, with a view to the relief 6l the neces- w .''. ev ® nt, t , toils geographical dt.
visions of the nation would be tound array
ed in interest? against each other, at (ft*
imminent hazard of that peace and harmo
ny which are ever so essential to the public
weal. ■
On the articles of coarse woollens, baae,
plaids, and homb-zetts, it imposes-a dsty,
which, wi'h all the charges of imjjortHi'on,
will exceed 60 per centum. But these
fabrics compose tho winter garments of e
great portion of the poorer classes of the
community; and a particular description of
them imported for that purpose, is extern
sivly used for the clothing of our hfark
population And, should this excessive
duty he paid upon them, it would prove a
mos' burdensome tux upon the consump
tion f these Stalest But I am persuaded,
sir, its rigid exaction, would soon force from
our markets the accustomed Supply 'jhese
goods, for the fitofile could not afford ov
fidy then. And, When l!ic»c j'lall.be th-is
excluded, ts it expected'hut t' % manufac*
lures of the East and the’WdM will be
received as a substitute? No, sir; the ruin
ous effects of this restrittiVc system, if not
o Just sense of the injury inflicted on the
resources of those States. f<>r 'he benefit of
a particular interest, o/uvored class, will
prevent the consumption of any domestic
iabriccs which are not - produced within
i heir own limits Kconomy in expenditure,
from necessity, will become the order of the
day, and no one will be disposed to purchase
what he may be able to produce at home.
However man. f.tciuvers, then, may sue*
ceisd in driving toreign competition from
our markets, they will not befauccesslul in
their attempt to force the consumption of.
their tabrices upon us at. the extravagant
prices this bill will authorize them to de
mand. We, loo, sit, may be taught fa
crcou age Aome industry, and if compelled
to become independent of foreign ma iufuc-
tures, we may be induced to qnes'i n the
policy which would make us tributary to
those of our own country. But, sir should
this bill pass, would it afford the beliel an
ticipated by domestic manufacturer*? As
it is not proposed to loan money to our
manufacturers, it is obvious this measure
will not directly increase the capital employ
ed. Its only immediate effect will hfa to
increase the profits of that capital. Bui.it
is believed that those who are most impor
tunate for relief, possess least of this capi
tal; while the real capitalists are satisfied
with the existing duties: wisely preferring
stability in your laws, with certain profits,
to those fluctuations inseparable from fre
quent charges, and whose result defy all
Should this bill become a
law, the profits of the capjtal now empfoy-
cd undet skilful management, wtll be im
mense, But this extraordinary encourage-
ment must soon attract so much additional
capital and labor into this favored ent - ",
ment, as to overstock the market with Ihp-
fabrics which would be produced: and, art
less sustained by new stimulants, the whole
system, like the bloated carcase of an
epicure, must sink beneath the weight of
its own indulgences. Nor could any relie!
be anticipated from exportation: for, if our
manufacturers Aire unable to compete at
home, with ioreign fabrics, having the ad
vantage of the existing duties, how can
they hope to succeed in other markets with*
out the aid of any duty , ami burdened with
all the charges of exportation? Those,
therefore, who possess but little capital,
M-king an aggregate of £32,266,.*U5
Y»u will have un export produce from
tie eight southern states, being but one
third of the whole number of states, of mot •
than four-sixths of the entire domestic ex
portation of the nation l
The quantity of cotton produced In 182 2
was about 600, 000 bales of 300 weig!..
each, or 180.000,000 of pounds ol all d< s
criptions. Ol this quantity, not more than
100 000 bales were required for domestir
consumption. Five hundred thousand bales,
then, or live sixths ol the whole produce,
were left on the bauds of the'^growers.;'*
seek a foreign market. Ofthese, four hun
dred and sixty eight thousand seveq hun
dred and sixty-five bales were exported •
British ports; and the residue, to France.
Holland, and other places on the Continent.
From these facts it is obvious, that the cul
lure of cotton in the United States is sue
ported principally hy the foreign consump.
tlon of the raw material. And although
the domestic consumption may be expected
to increase, yet the capacity ol the country
to produce the article being equal to any
exigency, a correspondent increase of the
raw production must inevitably follow the
new demand It is, then, the interest ol
the States engaged in this valuable cultiva
lion to- cherish' the subsisting intcrcdtirse
with foreign nations, that the demand for
these productions may not only ho secured,
hut extended. But the cominuence of a
commeriial traffic of thfa character, will
depend upon the mutual pr .fits of the cx-f calculations,
changes which may be effected. And as
raw materials are required only for manu
facture, the most profitable exchanges for
the manufacturer are the fabrics produced
at his factory Either, therefore, to prohib
it the importation of these directly,or groat*
ly to .lessen their consumption by excessive
duties,is to weaken the inducements to this
traffic and thereto endanger the market for
Amor, cottons. Were there no other coun-
tri'.s from whencecoitonscould be procnroil
but theU States, no apprehensions of a loss
of the market would be indulged. But
when this valuable material is produced in
the West Indies, in South America, in In
dta, and even in Egypt, in quantities and
pie tn me enforcement <u taws ot a contrary char qualities to BUtt the wants of the European
acter. The reason of the case is totally different, manufacturer, no difficulty can be exner-
and a moral and intelligent community will not; i cnf . et i j n commanding a conmwent a „"
hesitate long in drawing the proper distinction . , , , ... K P tent supply. | _ r
But, should the revenue be diminished by this And tl ? ls 8u PP*y Wl11 be so «g't in those i realizelomparatlvely no benefit from
speculation in iavor of domestic manufactures, the' countries where the consumption of the this measure, while such as are in the sk«»
deficiency must be supplied from aome other
source. And agriculture, already languishimtun-
dcr these, restrictions, from a diminution or her
m rkett, must be subjected to additional burthens.
In the present state of this cardinal branch of na
tional industry, a system of direct taxation would
be ruinous. Yet to such a measure the govern
ment must resort in the event-of a failure of the
revenue from imports. The revenue derived
from this source is now adequate to the necessary
disbursements of thfafmtion, but the Treasury re
port shews it is gradually decreasing i and this
diminution can be accounted for only from the
diminished consumption of the dutied articles, oc
i, n. i hi. cpetifc';.:
7,322 t he agricultural interest, then, is deeply concern
re were imported ed in the impost regulations which are proposed
in this bill: and it becomes those who have been
deputed to represent it, to see that no higher du.
ties are imposed than the financies may require,
nd that these be so distributed aniom- the vuriniis
manufactured articles shall afford the great
cat encouragement to 'he capital and labor
employed in their production.
Under thfa view of the subject, sir this
bill is calculated most seriously to affect the
interests of the South, by diminishing the
value of its most important staple; and
thereby causing the transfer of much labor
and capital to pther cultivations^now known
to be less productive. Buijahe effects of
the measure will be felt, nbFonly ip the
diminution of the receipts of the planter,
but in the augmentation of his expendit I
As agriculturists, the inhabitants of the
South purchase almost all the manufactures,
of every description, which they consume.
It is, then, obviously, their interest to pro.
icy of any free government Vo eottiucitytu.
h-;Av ;■ > . • %
i'ul employment of an adequate sum would
hazard tbe lo*s of the regular profits whicli
they now enjoy, in the vain hope of secu
ring greater. I cannot perceive, then, that
this restrictive policy would benefit ultim
ately, even the manufacturers Uiemselvesi
and, as I entertain no doubt of its deleter
ious operation on the interests of all other
classes of the community, I must be per
mitted to express a hope that my motion
will*pievui|f and that the bill will finully be
rejected. i:
It is stated, that more than a' hundred
thousand passengers have been carried in
the Steam-boat Fulton and Connecticut, fa
ory:/Miv|to matfagemsn't of Ih'c bn,its.
Vkf