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0t3O.\Y EVKNINQ. Dkcbmbrr 33, 1824,
U_ No mail was received last night north of
Charleston.
The Legislature of Louisiana have made choice
of Mr. Dominique Bouftgny, Senator of the Uni
ted States Congress, vice Mr. Johnson resigned,
who has been elected Governor.
Returns from nincteeji counties reoeived in
-Milledgeville, give a very large majority for Mr.
"Wilde.
The sloop Ann Mnriu, has arrived at Charleston
on a surveying voyage on the const of South Car-
olinn. with a view to the establishment of a Navy
Yard— r'hetis under the command of Capt. Bache
U. "S. Topographical Engineer, who will bo assis
ted by Capt. Kearney, U. S.N. and several other
gentlemen.
Don Miguel Garcia, Secretary of (he Colombl-
tm Legation, and Harris. E. Fuller, Esq. U. S.
Consul at St. Martha, sailed from N. York for St.
Martlm on the 13th inst.
g,;
■ V
The Circus opened at Charleston last evening
for a few nights only, previous to going to Aagus-
ta.
A new Theatre is erecting in Augusta.
msgtiiroxiys
Of Qtnerah Neman and Harden,
Excellent';/ Governor Troup, on the
Ulia System.
December 3,-1824.
[In the Senate—Read and ordered to
be printed.] *
GEN. NEWNAN’S REPORT.
Millcdgceille, 20ft? Oct. 1624.
To George M. Troup,
Governor of the State of Georgia.
Sir—In compliance with your request,
I have now the honor of submitting for
your consideration, a few remarks upon
the amelioration of our Militia code) tin
der ft firm*persuasion that their adoption
would lend to a considerable alteration in
tile order, subordination, organization, nnd
martial appearance of our military force
throughout the state.
Ail dibits by our nntionnl legislature,
for bettering the condition of the militia,
from various causes, Imvfe heretofore fail
ed, nnd ought to induce us no longer to
wait for an example from that quarter, hut
proceed to act for ourselves, and prescribe
and enforce a system suitable to local cir
cumstances, and the feelings and condi
tion of our citizens. It is unnecessary to
appeal toliistory to establish the position,
that the best and dearest interest of a free
people, require at nil times, a certain de
cree of military pride aud experience, to
be encouraged nnd disseminated through
every clas> of the community. It elevates
the national character—begets high, in
dependent nnd patriotic feelings—main
tains security at home, nnd honor and res
ted abroad. It is an erroneous opinion,
(which appears to be entertained in some
of the Mates,) that all militia muSiors mid
minings are idle and unnecessary, schools
A Roman Catholic settlement has been com
menced in Pennsylvania. Emigrants to this na
tion, from every country and of every religion,
can here Cud brethren of their language and doc
trine.
at
HP
Extracts from New' York paptn received
Charleston ly the sloop .Inna Maria.
NEW-YORK, Dec. 13.
Launched or.Sfclurday, the ship York, about
450 ions burthen, one ofthe London line of pack
ets, to be commanded bv Wm. Baker. The York
is built oi the best materials under the particular
direction of a gentleman of great experience nnd
skill In the art of shipbuilding; in her construction,
combining strength and beauty, convenience and
-durability, great capacity, with an excellent mo
del for'sailing, nnd equals any of the beautiful
speiimensofnuval architecture that have been
produced in this city.
On Tuesday last, was launched from Mr. Ma-
■gonn’s shin house, ut Medford, near Bo • .,n, the
splendid snip IVilliam Tukc, of 380 tom, owned
by D. P; Parker, Esq. and Captain Chandler, who
is to f.cmmgnd O0f. she is considered one of the
oest ship" ever built in the United States.
Dry Docks.—The association lately formed in
this city for the purpose of establishing Dry Docks,
arc persevering in their undertaking, and have
^fleeted the purchase of n site for the same. From
our knowledge of tho gentlemen who nrc con
cerned, we are confident their object will be ef
fected, and do credit to the city an I country, and
thut it will be carried into immediate effect, issin-
Cerclv wished.
Extraordinary.—Twenty-three years ago, Geo-
Rohbins, of Conn, went to sen, and was supposed
to lie lost; but ou Sunday week,-lilt broth
iv < a li-tler from him, dated 111 the Spanish
lnh.'u it Yucatan,tho 20th May last,which is pub-
blLhcd in the Middle-town Gazette) informing
Win, L ,t be had been condemned to the mines
for: v in consequence of being engaged in a
smuggling concern, and connected in a conspira
cy, but that the Governor, in consequence of hip
goi‘ ' l eviour, had promise ■ to clear him on his
next With day. The father of Robins is still a live,
end ready to go and visit his soi , if he is not libe
rated ns promised.
den'lent.—On Saturday forenoon, ns a lad ap-
f Ihe
par- nt ly 14 or 15 years old, was passing near ....
corntrol Burling slip mid 1'rout-st.a bale ofDuck
whu li wap nt tiio moment hoisting into the sail
]o t o Mr Gorham, in the 4th story, gaVe wny
fvonjjhc Mings, and fell on the head of the unfor-
tunptc youth, w ho. tve under stand died in a short
time ot the wound.
DECEMBER 14.
. Capt. Barker, from Porto Cafello, informs that
tne .'hip Minerva, from Gibraltar, under English
cob rs, was formerly the Fanny of this port JU-r
cargo, v. h , )i u ns valuable, had been sold for the
benefit ol tiie captors.
Hhe CpIuiubian ships of war Bolivar, and Boy
an 1 , wit! 1 :.«-ir prize, the Ceres, and six gnn boats
built in liiiladeiphia, were in port; also two pri-
Vn'pcr.-, commanded by capts. Jobiifon, and Sha
ler, recently arrived. The ships were all in a state
nearly reedy for sea.
DETROIT, Nov. 13.
Musketiumjoy—This huge and delicious fish, is
frequently token in the nets with the White fish
on w!: n it. feeds with great voracity. , They
\vu.!* Irom lOto 50,nnd K?inelitncs 7(5 pounds
bn: ! largest caught this .seusori toensured 4 fee
- 1 ; ' w eiglii’d 47 pounds. On opening It,
C;m ? itc fish,one measuring22 inches, were
found within it ? and one weighing 43 lbs has
been presented to Col. of tills city, who
intends to have its head end .‘■kin, together with u
fine Whit- ii. ii, preserved, ami presented to one of
hie Museums ou the Atlantic cu.
Alexandria, (D. C.) Dee. 13.
Important Trial.—The celebrated case
of
oi^ ( Inrke against tiie Corporation
"Washington, to recover the turn,tint of .
ticl.i: in the Gram! National Lottery. pur-
.chased by the said Clarke, and tv
vhicl
lor vic< and intemperance, nnd no ways
calculated to diffuse military knowledge
among the militia. Under a loose system
badly executed, there may be some, truth
in these ebservations; but we ought to be
cautious in giving them currency nnd ef
fect, for fear of wofitl results. The loss
of our national capitol, may in part, be at
tributed to the inefficiency of the militia in
its neighbourhood, nnd contiguous to the
route of the British column, arising from
defective system, want of organization,
and military instruction.. This state of
the militia must have been well kmftvn to
the British general, for no officer of repu
tation and experience, would have march
ed nn unprotected column eighty miles
through a country inhabited by an expert
and well trained militia. Since the War
Maryland and Pennsylvania have taken
lessons from experience, nnd have devot
ed considerable attention to the improve
ment of the militia, by better organization
and more efficient laws. No state in the
union merits a better systent than Geor
gia : because no state affords tbier materi
al? for making soldiers. lit re every man
is a marksman, a pioneer; and a horse,
man; and if you add to these qualities,the
knowledge that can be imported by a good
system of instruction, we at once become
a formidable body of mcu. March such
troops as these to the field, under well
trained officers, and in six weeks they will
become good soldiers, possessing both rne-
cbanicul and moral discipline. The bold
tone of the late message of the President
of the United States, 1ms caused the des
pots of the European continent to pause
but how long this will he the case, time
and their frequent sittings, will soon de-
velope. If tbfeir bloody standard is ngain
to be raised, nnd thoir numerous and well
disciplined mercenaries let loose uport
South America, by the connivance, apa
thy, or irresolution of a great naval power,
the affairs of our nation will nt once as
sume a very serious and imposing aspect.
If even war was not the destiny of the hu
man race, the present situation of the
world, ought to arrest our most earnest
attention, and seriously impress us with
the iiupertniit belief, that the best method
to avoid danger, is, to be always prepared
to meet it.
As respects the militia,of'this state, we
have every encouragement to undertake
their improvement, from a knowledge of
their well known qualities During the
war, their conduct was exemplary in the
highest degree, whether called to ;iic sea
coast, to i lorida; or the west. Mutiny,
serious insubordination, or desertion, nev
er disgraced their ranks ; and.at one time,
half of our force was in the field, or under^
a welcome call to meet the enemy, in vari
ous directions. If a glowing pen was not
employed, to pourtrny in appropriate co
lours, their heroic achievements, posteri
ty and military men cunnnt -hesitate, to
award the highest praise, to the bravery
that was shewn by our troops, and par
ticularly at Callebee. Our national histo
ry affords hut few instances of militia
troops levied for six months, maintaining
an unflinching front, upon a sudden and
spirilt.d attack, amidst darkness, carnage,
and tin*, noise of fear age yells. The career
of the militia of some other states, from
peculiar circumstances, may have been
more brilliant-; but none evinced greater
military virtues, more-devotediiers to the
common cause, or rendy submission to the
mihtftiwwnjmmittne. nppointed by the pro*
siding officers of each brand) of the legis
lature.
I. There should bo nn Adjutant-Gen
eral with the rank of a Brigadier, andtwo
Assistant Adjutant Generals with the rank
of Colonel, appointed by the legislature,
and receiving liberal compensation under
annual appropriations. The duties of
these officers should require them to at
tend by alternation, under tho direction of
tiie Commander in Chief, all the conven
tions of officers, and regimental reviews in
Avery part of the state, that aro now, or
may hereafter lto ordered.
II. The officers of every Brigade in the
state, should be nsscmhlod and encamped,
ut such places in their respoctfve brigades,
(at or near the centre,) as may be poiuted
ed out by their Brigadier-Generals, once
in every year, for a period not less than
six nor more than twelve days, ns may be
directed by the Commander in Chief, for
the purpose of being instructed by the Ad
jutant, or tho Assistant Adjutant General
in the tactics prescribed by Cqngress.—
They should be subject while one am pod
to tho rules and regulations for the govefn-
ment of the militia, when in the service of
the United States, and be provided with
rations, arms, music and equipments at
tlje expencc of the state.
III. To prevent the evils and disorgan
ization which ariso from the frequent re
signations among officers of the militia,
the following provisions wbflld servicnble.
1. Every company and regimental staff
officer who performs his duty faithfully
for tho period of five years, nnd obtains a
certificate to that effect, from two of the
field officers of his rcginlonl should there
after he exempted from militia duty, ex
cept in case of actual invasion.
2. All promotions to Captaincy should
be made by elections from the rank of
subalterns ; to u Majority from the rank of
Captains ; and to a Colonelcy’from the
two oldest Captains, the Major tfnd Lieut.
Colonel.
IV. The general officers accompanied
by their Btnflf, should attend the annual re
views withiu their command, and occa
sionally instruct the troops in their field
movements and exorcise.
V. Every militia soldier shquld appear
at the nnnunl reviews dressedntt a short,
plain, blue homespun coat, blue panta
loons, and n black Imt, armed, and provi
ded, with six rounds of blank cartridges,
suitable to the bore of his firelock.
VI. The collection of fines for neglect
of militia duty should bo rigidly enforced;
nnd after furnishing three drums nnd fifes,
and a stand of colors for ench regiment,
be transmitted tn thetreasury department,
where they would form n fund; sufficient
to defray all the disbursements for military
purposes. "tHi
VII. Upon d|e adoption of the above
amendments, the Commander in Chief
should be empowered to take cver^mens-
urc which he may deem proper to - carry
them fully into effect. The beneficial re
sults of these regulations would first ap
pear among our fifteen hundred officers;
and in a short time be communicated by
them to the rank and flip. The expenses
arising from their establishment to the fill
lest extent, would bclajsa thpn ten thousand
dollars—n sum fnr snort of the expendi
tures in other states for carrying into ef
fect much inferior systems.
If these view's should be taken into dis
cussion by a military committee, any nid
that I can give shall be cheerfully afforded
I am very respectfully,
Your most obedient
And bumble servant,
DANIEL NEWNAN,
Major Gcncral'3dDivision Georgia Militia.
ami the facts were very minutely examin
ed and canvassed, and the instructions giv
en ily flic court to the jury were remar
kable for their perspicuity. The
jury
retired about 2 o’clock"on'Saturday, and
in three quarters of an hour returned into
court with a verdict ^ for the plaintiff ,of
660,000, to carry interest from the 17th
March, 1823, till paid. The prize was
subject to a discount of 15 per cent. We
understand tliat a motion has been made
for a now trial.
T bn Attorney General of the United
States and Thomas Swann.. Esq. for plain
tiff
Gen. \\ alter Jones, for defendant.
Tea Plant—Mr. Daniel Hubbard, of
’Delphi, A" York, has successfully cultiva
ted the Ten Plant the last season. . It has
also been* cultivated ot Wheeling, Va.and
Louisiana;.
From such troops, when occasion offers,
every thing is to be expected; and to in
struct, dignify and elevate them, nothing
practicable, ought to be left untried. As
a first and most important step townrdsjt,
Georgia ought to abandon her meagre ap
propriations for military purposes, nud
assume a rank with other states, by liberal
compensation to the. officers of tlio stnff,
who may be charged with the execution of
duties which require labor ami talents. An
able and intelligent staff is indispensable
for the advancement of organization, dis
cipline and ’subordination, for the ready
transmission of orders, making returns,
nnd in short, for the inculcation of every
principle, leading to a knowledge of tho
technical details of the military service.
With These preliminary remarks, I offer
for consideration the followihg .nmend-
ments to our militia system, leaving the
minor details and provisions to which
Uheijr adoption- may give rise, to tiie usual
GENERAL HARDEN'S REP OR T.
To his Excellency
G. M. TROUP,
Governor and Commandcr-in-Chief of the
State of Georgia.
Under the orders of the, 22d of Marcl
last, by which “ the Generals of Divisions
and Brigades are directed to report to the
Commandcr-in-Chief the defects which
they have discovered in the militin system
and the remedies which ihcy would sug
gest for theircfii icciion,” thc'nndersigrit'd
in the performance of that -duty, has the
honor to submit the following observations
upon the subject.
The militia of any country ennnot lie
expected to contend with success, against
the regular forces of nuy other country.
They arc composed it is trim of the sahie
materials, but they want that unity of ac-
tipn, nnd union of effort, that confidence
in their officers, and in each other, which
Can only rcsult from systematic and scion
tifie discipline. The dispersed situation
of the inhnbiinnts of all countries, and es
pecially of tliis country, together with the
attention required ofctery good citizen to
his.domestic concerns, prevents the con
tinued nnd frequent practice'in military
exercises, which would enable thc militia
to act with that decisive force nnd effect
necessary tb insure . victory to valor or
numbqrit, when brought to hear upon the
proper points in the operations of war,
But in this republic, where every citizen is
or ought to he a soldier, the state depends
upon the militia, for its defence and pro
tection Mil against internal commotion
and external aggression. It is the cheap
est and most effective force, which the na
ture ofits institutions wiiladinitof— alargc
itdnding army being very properly con
sidered, dangerous and destructive to the
liberties of a free people. Great attention
then ought necessarily to be devoted to
that species of force, by the constituted
authorities of the country. Upon it main
ly depends the vary exi.-tcncc of the gov
ernment under the benign influence of
which we enjoy so much civil liberty. But
the militia must bo as well organized, m hi
ed and disciplined as is practicable, under
the existing state of things; or else no dc-
pendance in the hour of danger can be
placed ttpo.'i it; nor could the physical en
ergies of the state he .brought into action
under any circumstances of the most pres-,
sing emergency..
Tt is yffj
ter r.f primary; import-
uico to examine the quest) it witit care
will di.-cretioii, and to seek for the best
plan h\ which the militia oftlio state may
he put into a slate of preparation sufficient
upon the first alarm, to quell internal dis
turbance and to repel foreign violence,
until a regular force could he raised, or
ganized nnd disciplined competent to meet
any crisis which might be presented, to on-
dnnger the safely und well being of the
republic. Militia when called into actual
service soon become equal to regulars.
The soldier.s nrc every day exercised in
tho use of their arms, and being constantly
under the cummaud of their officers, *iro
habituated to the same prompt and ready
obedience which tnlcfcs place in standing
armies, aud ulthougii they Tnuy never have
seen an enemy, possess nil the courage of
votni-iin Inuttvi. M'lin liiltnrV nf mil- fUVIl
veteran troops. The history of our own
wars have proved incontcstibly that how
ever unsuccessful they may be in their first
sfforts, victory soon follows uftcr a short
experience in tho duties of a camp, aud in
the conflicts oftho field.
The great object is then," not to attempt
to make militia by previous instruction nnd
discipline in the art ot war, equal to con
tend with regular troops; but by adopting
the organization, uniform, equipments,
nnd every pthcr requisite of regulars, to
assimilate them as far as may be practi
cable to that kind of force, so that it mny
require the shortest time to habituate them
to all this duties which may enable them to
contend with the full prospect of success
when opposed to the shock of a well disci
plined army.—How is this to be done,
with the assurance that the means will be
commensurate to the end proposed to be
effected T To tho solution of this enquiry
will the following remarks be principally
confined. The investigation is attended
with some difficulty, but good may come
from it, and in that expectation it is most
willingly attempted.
Tlmt.olir militia system is radically de
fective, mast be acknowledged on all bunds.
In order then to make it efficient anil cnl-
fculntcd for the objects contemplated by
jt, somo new plan must be devised, be-
Causc the present has been sufficiently
tested to reader its imperfection indispu
table. Experience has proved, that un
less government tnkes proper pains to sup
port the practices of military exercises, it
goes gradually to decay, and together with
it; the martial spirit of the great body of
the people; and as the safety and security
of every society must always depend upon
the existence of that spirit, it is necessary
in order to have n good militia, in the first
junqe to infuse into the people, by all pos
sible means, the proper degree of military
ardor, to excite a feeling which shall tench
every citizen from his cradle to consider
himself ns belonging to his country, ns be
ing a conscript for the defence of the re
public, liable to be called upon at any
time, and ready to march at a moment’s
warning. lie should be proud of his sta
tion when admitted into the ranks of his
countrymen, with his musket upon his
shoulder, and knapsack at his back, pre
pared to defend his country from all
wrongs which mny be offered to her liy in
ternal or external enemies. Young men
ought to be emulous in commanding in the
lowest grades of commission the ranks of
IVeoincu thus constituted ; nnd to be asha
med of not being qualified to coimnund
them upon ull occasions.
The volunteer corps every where prac
tically illustrate the good which is produ
ced by the prevalence of such sentiments
and considerations. Companies of that
description of every arm of defence might
be selected in Georgia, jvhich the best offi-
cers would not refuse to lead against the
veterans of Etii opc with a full assurance
of complete success., Those plncnd higl
in command and standing high in the
confidence of the people, have the means
of doing much good by precept and exam
pie, in keeping aliye suchfeeliiigs and opin
ions in the community, which certainly
would be attended with the most -benefi
cial consequences, in rendering tbc'inili-
tiaof the country competent fo answer all
the ends intended by its institution. This
object being encouraged as n point of the
utmost importance by ihe Legislature, arid
strengthened by the force ol’public opin
ion, will go well nigh to the perfection of
any plan which may be eventually adopted
for the improvement of thp system.
It, remains to notic e the principal de
fects of the militia law now in force, and
to suggest tfic proper amendments, which
will be, done with much deference to the
judgment of those who arc to decide upon
them. There nrc iwo radical improprie
ties in the present system which will be
required to be adverted to be adverted to
with more prolixity than they may at first
sight seem to require or admit of, or than
Ihcy may ho consistent with llid nature of
this.communication, but the importance
bfthc subject will excuse the undertaking.
They aro—
ltSfi In Ihe election of all militia officers
(except Lieut. Colonels, who now rise by
seniority) Jielow the rnqk of Brigadier
General, by those who will be subject to
their command when elected.
2d. In the manner of mustering the mi
litia, in order to instruct them in the dis
cipline prescribed by.Congrcss.
Jn regard to the first point it is asked—
Shnll officers rise from the lowest to the
highest'grades in the mijitia by seniority 7
or shall they be eledted by the suffrages of
those who will he commanded by them
« hen choted'I or may not both principles
he combined with the happiest results?
There arc strong objections to the "prac
tical operation of cither of the two first
plans, if premitted exclusively to» govern
in nil cases; but it is believed thut a sys
tem may he devised which will produce
all the gopd, and . avoiiK all tho evil
concomitant with either of them, by let
ting Itotli have, place to a certain extent,
and limiting the action of either beyond a
certain point. . .
Who would go through the drudgery of
the subaltern grades of office in the mili-
tiu, that could by electioneering, and rc-
snrtio^ta those arts which*would nover bo 1
priidiL-ed by.one worthj-Tvf tho trust, nt
once mount tothc command of a regiment?
The best officers in time of peace are
usually uApapOlttr, and tho very conduct
which ought to ensure their promotion by
election frequently prevents it. Military
proceedings arc in their vory nature arbi-
tary, and tiie free people of this country
submit with rcluctunco to the rigid per
formance of duty by their officers. Essen
tial evils arc too apt to spring from such a
stnto of things. Incompetent officers are
•frequently chosen, and competent officers
nrc disappointed in their just hopes of
promotion, and mortified ut having one
who Ims prehnps nover before held a com
mission placed over their heads.
He who 1ms never been in command,
can" rarely if ever, bo ns competent to com
mand ns he who Ims commanded, and
who has already pussed through several
grades below the one to which he nspircs ;
as well might it be expected that otiu who
had never studied law or physic, should
"is ns able to practice successfully in oi-
her profession, us one who lmd devoted
twenty years to the laborious investiga
tion of those subjects. The military art
is of tho most difficult nature to accom
plish, and requires tho full exertion of nil
the energies of the human mind to com
pass its principles and excel in its prac
tices. To become a good officer, cupa-
ble of commanding others, whoso lives
are staked upon bis ability, is not the bu
siness of a‘day, or nn hour—years of in
tense study and application to the science
of war nre necessary to fit nny man ordi
nary capacity tothc highly responsible
command of a battalion.
When elections in all cases, take place,
many good officers arc, as it were, super-
ceded in command: they naturally become
disgusted, which occasions resignations of
all those who are valuable to the service,
while such only remain iu it, under such
circumstnnccs, as aro oniirely destitute of
spirit or merit. YYhat is most wanted
then, is to bring into action the best tal
ents of the country to devise a plan, which
will induce the most promising youug
men to take commissions in the militin,
and to be nnxious to obtain them. How
is tliis to be done ? The high commands
in the militia, like the high prizes in u lot
tery, nrc sought after in proportion to the
probability of obtaining them. As the
field of competition is limited, so the dis
position is increased to cuter into it. Let
then the commund of a regiment be lim
ited to the officers of it, then in commis
sion, so tlmt lie who is not competent will
most probubly attain to it, and all tile in
ducements to qualify themselves for the
situation, are brought into full nnd com
plete operation, among all those who may
aspire to that rank. This desirable object
mny be accomplished by a proper combina
tion of thepriuciples of promotion,by cloc
tion nnd seniority. Let no one be a colo
nel who has not already passed through
all the lower grades of command, from nn
ensign upwards; but let the principle, of
election be interposed to prevent an incom
petent officer from becoming a colonel,
because be was once elected an ensign.
When one whe is chosen nn ensign
knows that lie may arrive nt the command
of the regiment,if his merit entitle him to it
without the danger ofbeingover reached
by the arts of popularity of one in the
ranks, ho will limke the greatest exertion
tt> qualify himself for ihe situntion.-r-
Wlien it is known thut no one who has
not passed through all tho lower grades
can expect to he n colonel, all will be
nnxious to be elected ensign, who may
ever expect to be military men, and then
the subaltern ranks will be well filled
which it is believed, is not now generally
the ense. But when at uny time, one may
be elected to u colonelcy, over the heads
of older and abler officers, who will take
the trouble of occupying the subaltern sit
uation ? What incentive is offered as
sufficient motive ? The prioe of their uni
form would not he compensated by it
Nothing but the expectation of promotion
in duo course can induce proper persons
fo enter into the line as ensigns of militia
The plan of electing always, without liirii
tntion or restriction, prevents tho lower
grades of commissions from being filled
at nil, or brings improper persons, into
office tothc greut discredit and injury of
the service.
Tho following is the remedy suggested
to obviate this defect in the system. It
perhaps, combines all the good effects of
promotion, by nloctiotr and seniority,
without the exclusive operation of cither
First. Let the ensigns of companies
l)0<e!ectcd by the company, nnd then rise
to the rank of captain, upon the principle
of seniority. »'
Second. Let the mnjorsbe elected by the
company officers, from the captains of
the regiment, nndlhen rise to the rank of
colonel, upon the principle of seniority.
By the adoption of such a plan, the
proper degree of subordination would be
kept up—military pride would be preser
ved—and an incompetent officer would
never be selected to command a regiment;
nnd in all probability, promotions in regu
lar succession would always be made a-
inongtbe captains, if bis merits entitled
the next in grade to it, and that the right
of elcqtion in this case would only stop
those in their progress, who never ought
to be put into the high and responsible
command ofa regiment.
It ;s not believed that this rule ought tp
upply to the selection of general officers.
The sound discretion oftho legislature, it
is presumed, would always makefile prop
er selection,-and no alteration in the sys
tem in regard to tlint mutter, Is'tl.'ii’jght
necessary to be made nt this time.
The second paint, as to the manner of
mustering the militia, now claims atten
tion; It is not believed that any possible
good comes from company musters. This
observation is not however intended-to ap
ply to volunteer corps—tho great differ
ence between them and militia.companies
(not volunteers) is to be attributed to the
passions ofpride and shame, us it difierett-
WKmA * In
ti
V “Soto ilictn.
officers andhdve conftdobeem7L
to proud to stand m the rank '
t nilll t*rl,A.. .1
ominand; and when theso'd
*” ie y c ,aft, (not. so,' with tlm
at" not volunteers,) they aslinmcJof
offleei s, and ot their subordinate situ,
to such persons, und endeavor to?
whole affair mto ridicule. This i*,
ten, if not always tho fact. 1
It cannot be doniod that in mml
the company officers of the S
chosen lor their incompctcncy, to com a
in order that thcr men should*. J
■Volunteers area*
I ‘Live con■
Editing, liorse-ruoing, m \ jfenl
uul are not attended with nnv inst
ficcausc low oven carry their guns to,
ter, except to shoot nt a mark n
officers arc generally inoapabtoto ^
Company musters not „nlv
moralize thq people, by cncourarin*
ness and dissipation, but they reull
terfero very materially with the n,'
two industry of tho country, it« L
ly recommended tlmt they he entire
bolislied. ‘ 1
By the presont militia ay atom, no ki
ledge of cump duty is acquired. Tli
litia do not oven luiow how to pitch
strike their tents—how to mount or re
guard—how to lay out nn cncampmei
fact, to perform nny of the duties
tivc to the economy or arrangements
unny. The little experience why
undersigued-guiued in the last wur,
iu actual service, convinced him ofil
cessity of attending inoro to this
the duty, of both officers and soldier
nn indispensable branch of.the senin
his owrt commund, n wliolo line of|
nels upon one occasion, through sh«
noranee of their duty, delivered up
muskets to an officer who visited tit,
the night, and requested to look at
amts; and upon another, a field i
who had forgotten the countersign or
lectcd to obtain it, passed tho centiue—
at night, into the barracks, upon slu
his cpaaletts. The centincl begged
don upon discovering who he wits,
rudeness lie had been guilty of in vyl
to arrest him iu his progress to jm
fers.
The instructions attempted to be given »t
|»«ny musters, lire principally, confined tolhf
iml exercise, which, to Americans, who ore
well practiced in the use of their arms, iii
P r
pmatlvcly useless. Regularity, ordorjiiiii
obedience to command, are qualities «i
inflrc importance; and all military evolufo
hotter tinif-ht in Inrge bodies, uuder capati
ders, than they can lie ut cortipany inustta
remedy whereof, it is proposed, thut ins
mustering seven or ei/sht days in the ycarlj
patties, battalions ami regiments, ucctirdinji
present plan, that the militia of every t
should assemble by counties, and encamp
least three days in the year, there to be ret
by the Governor, or a Genera) of Division i
glide. More good would be done to tiie i
by these three days encampments, than i
obtained by seven years of mustering, sect
to the present pluii; olficers and men mi
emulous to excel each other am!to appear
vantngo both in (he eyes of tjieir superior!
inferiors *, cupable gtficers would be upo
ground to correct the errors of those tsoxacq
ed with their duty; the exercise for the tine
he assimilated to that of-a regular arm), s
would return to their homes, instructed lit tin
ner in which soldiers lire expected to set
ended into the field to defend the rights u
crlie* of their country.
The encampment might take place in tb
sant month of May, so as not tn ending
healtn of the men. Tents and camp e
should be furnished by the state—provijioi
be furnished by the militia for themselves
More titan twenty years experience mi
officer, lias suggested these,ns (Be principal■
in olir miUliti system, nnd tile remedies *
posed, With a conviction tlmt their adoptis
be ntlejidtid with great utility.
Tho undersigned would he among the
recommend any interference with the n
free election by the people; it has been bit,
to advocate it, upon ull occasions, when HI
intended with manifest injury or incom'“
to the people themselves. In military or
honestly believes, that the public service
benefilted by the limitation ofil, to the exli
posed in tliis uttenipt to Improve the miimj
tem of the state of Georgia. .
Signed," ED: HARDEN, Bw
lit Brigade, 1st Division Georgia
WASHINGTON, Dec,
“ Strange notions.—The followii
gulnr paragraph [says the Ba
Morning Chronicle] is from the
York National Advocate of Tucutls]
It would seem hy this that the |>n
anrl intrigues of the politicans arc*
at nn end. _ .
“ We nmy speak frcclv irt r»W»
Ncw-York. There is no dA
hereafter it will be uniVersnllv »dm
that the 20 votes given to Mr Adams
illegal, and there is also ri»
on a second ballot, the entire tide
been given for Mr Crawford. C*
viewing the point in its trite light
consider the vote of New York as
torMx (jvnv/foxA. Let us have no
sceffcs again. ,.
The strangest thing about tins
is, that the Morning Chronic'\6was
the first to protest against die eg
the New York Election, and supp
its protest - by irrefutable •Wv.
We believe, with the Editor ol
cate, that it will be hereafter
ly admitted” tlmt the decision w«
We have not a doubt that u jury ,.
honest men, of whatever party* ^
sit upon it, would condemn »•
poet the opinion of those wno j
tiottsly joined in making tt 5 a
made, we consider it conciIu: ?IVC ’ u
important that public oplffl 0 " tfe
nounce upon it, to the end 111 (
never again, in this gover i
minority decided to'be a niuj 111 j
BOSTON. P cC ‘
a barber, was. arrested a ? ic l
for examination, on conipfo, n
. 7 ,i ie Qi
Gillet, owner and driver °t .v.
Stage. It appeared that lie ^
ding to usunl custom, to l> u
dollars iii bank hills
pocket,book. Thejud|o«‘
cnttMtaaeea «f the case ,
cniustamcea