Standard of union. (Milledgeville, Ga.) 183?-18??, June 14, 1836, Image 4

Standard of union., June 14, 1836, Image 4

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Newspaper Page TextREMARKS OF MR. 11A A NILS, Ok Georgia. In the Home of Ilcprcscntaiivcs, May 23, 1830—The House resumed the consid erat’mn of the resolutions of the Legitffit-; Hire of Kentucky on the subject of the, proceeds of lite sales of the public lands., The question peod’uiff, was the motion «»f. M • Wlt.l.la.vs of Kentucky, to refer the resolutions Cothe committee of \\ ays ! mid Means, with instructions to report a Bill distributing the proceeds ol the salesj of the public lands among the several States, to be applied to such objects as may be determined upon by the Legis lature of the States respectively. Mr. HAYNES rose and nddtvssed the House as follows : Whatever opinions may be entertained upon the subject now itniliT consideration, it cannot be thoroughly ami correctly un derstood without reference to the early le gislation of the country, and the claims so, pertinaciously set up on the part of some of the States, that the wa'te lands held b\ certain other States were the common pro |>erty of the Union. It is not here necessa ry (o inquire at what period, or by what States this claim was set up, as tliese facts may be readily ascertained by an exatnina lion nfthe journals of the Congress of the Confederation. Nor can it be for a mo incut apprehended that any attempt will be made to evade or deny the assertion, that such claim was made to these lands as the common property of the Union, on the ground that they bad been acquired by the common efforts and expenditures of that U uiou. Every one conversant with the his tory of revolutionary times, knows that the ratification of die articles of confederation was postponed and suspended by several of the States in the hope of coercing this con cession from such States as possessed waste and unappropriated lands. Such were the apprehensions entertained of the effects to be expected from the delay of their ratilica tion, as to call into exercise the effort's of our generous and powerful ally, the King of France, to induce the States, which in sisted most obstinately upon this prerequis ite, to waive their objections and perfect the Union by ratifying the articles of confedera tion. Congress, from time to time, both orthe purpose of satisfying the claims of the dissatisfied Slates, and for the further purpose of providing a fund for the pay ment of the debt of the revolution, and for bounty to the officers ami soldiers who en tered the service for and during the war, urged the States to cede these waste and Unappropriated lands. It may be true that a majority of the Stales never did recognise the claim thus set up for the Union, but it is equally certain that such claim operated powerfully to induce the several States which owned unappropriated lands, to Cede them, or a portion of theirs, to the U nton. In the preamble to the act of cession from the State of New York of tlig 9tb of March, 1780, the motives referred to are distinctly expressed in the following terms: “ Whereas nothing under Divine Provi dence can more effectually contribute to the tranquility and safety of the United States of America than a federal alliance, on such liberal principles as will give satisfaction to its respective members; and whereas the articles of confederation and perpetual u nion recommended by the honorable Con gress of the United States ofAmertca, have not proved acceptable to ail the States, it having been conceived that a portion of the waste and uncultivated territory within the limits or claims of certain States, ought to be appropriated as a common fund for the expenses of the war ; and the people of this State of New York being, on all occasions, disposed to •manifest their tegard for their sister States;" “Be it further enacted by the authority aforesaid, that the territory which maybe ceded or relinquished by vir tue of this act, shall be ami enure for the use and benefit of such of the United Slates shall become members of the federal alli ance of the said States, and for no other ute or purpose whatsoever." Whether this cession from the State of New York con veyed any thing or nothing to the Union, ' the motives whit h influenced it are alone to be considered—to induce the dissatisfied States to ratify the articles of confederation, which was no. finally done until the Ist March, 1761, and to provide a common fund for the benefit of the Union. Following up the example, and in fur therance of the principle of New York, the General Assembly of Virginia, with certain reservations, did, on the 20th of October, 1783, pass an act ceding her territory northwest of the Ohio to lhe United Slates, upon condition “that all the lands within -the territory soceled to lhe United States, and nut reserved for, or appropriated to, a- ' ny of the aforesaid purposes, or disposed of i in bounties to tlte officersand soldiers of the j American Army, shall be considered a com mon fund, for the use and benefit of such ‘ of the United States as have become, or shall become, members of the confederation or federal alliance of tbe said States, Vir ginia inclusive, according to their usual res pective proportions in the general charge wnd expenditure, and shall he faithfully and bona fide disposed of for that purpose, and for no other use or purpose whatsoever.” The terms of the cession made by Mas sacluisetls, on the loth April, 1785, are “transfer, quit-claim, cede, and convey to the United States of America, fortheir ben efit, Massachusetts inclusive, till right, title, and estate, of ami in, as w ell the soil as the jurisdiction,” &-c. Connecticut, by her j act bearing date the 14th October, 1786,1 cedes “ to the United States in Congress! ■assembled for lhe common use and benefit ol j the saiA States, Connecticut inclusive.” North Carolina by her act of cession of 2d April, 1790,cedes her waste lands with cer tain reservations, “as a common fund, for the use and benefit of the United Stales of North America, North Carolina inclusive, according lotlieir respective and usual pro portion in the general charge and expemli- I lure, ami shall be faithfully disposed of for I that purpose, ami for no other use or pur- i . ote whatever.” In like manner, Geor gia • by her compact of cession, entered in- ! to wi.'b ,be United States, r on the 2d of A pril, n,ter ex P res «'nK certain other gtip’datio. IS »‘ ,c '-' !are ' ’ “ that all the lands ceded by t‘>is agreement to the the United btates sba.’l, a:fter satisfying the above men tioned payment ofone million two hundred .’'■<» ’id tloJlarr to the State of I Georgia, and the grants recognized by lhe previm s conditions, be considered as a cum mon fund for the use and benefit of the U niietl States, Georgia included, and shall be faithfully disposed ol’ lor that purpose, and for no other use or purpose w hatever.’’ As the pnraseulogy ol lhe cessions from Vir ginia ami North Carolina is somewhat pe culiar, it may not be improper to show w hat was the mode of ascertaining the “ u sual respective proportions in lhe general charge and expenditure of lhe several States of the conlederalion ; although it may not be difficult to show, that this particu lar mode of’ expression in no respect varies the character of lhe cessions of North Caro lina and Virginia, from those of lhe other States, nor can it be made the foundation for a model of distribolion differing m the smal lest degree from that established by Hie ces sions from the oilier States. The eighth article of confederation pre scribes the rule by which the requisitions upon the States for money shall be regula ted, mid is iu the following terms: All charges of war, and all oilier expenses that shall be incurred for the common defence and general weU’are, and allowed by the U ; idled States ill Congress assembled, shall be defrayed out of a common Treasury, which shall be supplied by lhe several States in proportion to the value ofall land within each State granted to, or surveyed for, any | person, as such laud and the buildings and improvements thereon shall be estimated according to such mode as lhe United Slates, l in Congress assembled, shall, from time to | lime, direct and appoint.” W hen it is re membered that the Congress of tbecoufed ■ oration possessed no powers of taxation, iptopirlyso called, either direct or indi ! reel , that the only mode of creating reve -1 nite was by requisitions upon lhe several ‘ States ; that several of the States did, for a series of years, contend that lhe waste land, I lying in any one of lhe States, was rightful | ly the property of the Union ; that the rat- I itication of the articles of confederation was i delayed for the purpose ol’ procuring, if I possible, the recognition of' his principle; ; that the first cession was made in reference to such claim, and for lhe purpose of fa | cilitating their ratification; and especially, i when we collate the article above quoted with the language of the various cessions, it would seem to be impossible to give such | a strained construction, to the plain import ol plain language, as to derive for Congress, | from the terms of any single cession, the power to distribute lhe proceeds of the sales |of the public lands among lhe several I States. But to be more explicit. The cession I from Virginia, which, it is contended, con i veys the power to distribute the money ari sing from the sale of’the public land, con ; veys that laud to lhe United States as a ; “ common fund.” The article of confede ration above quoted, declares that “all charges of war, and ail other expenses that shall be incurred for lhe common defence and general welfare, and allowed by the - nited States, shall be defrayed out of a com mon Treasury.” The Virginia cession provides that the land ceded shall be a , common fund, for the benefit of the Slates, | according to their usual respective pro i portions in lhe general charge and e.xpen j dilure,” and for no other purpose. The j article of confederation provides that the 1 “ common Treasury shall be supplied by | the several States,” according to the stan ; dard therein directed. Both instruments | provide the same means for the accomplish j inent of the same objects, a “ common fund,” I i “ common Treasury,” to meet “ thegen i eral charge and expenditure, which shall be • incurred for the common defence and gene jr d welfare.” In the one case the “ com mon Treasury” is to be raised by requisi tions upon the respective Slates; and in the other the common fund” is created by the patriotic and distiugui-bed liberality of a single State. Could it have been possi ble, without using the same terms, to have expressed an entire concurrence of purpose more perfectly than it is expressed in the article of confederation referred to, and the cession from the various States, especially the State of Virginia ? Other considera tions enforce this view of the subject as conclusively as if it had been established by mathematical demonstration. At the time lhe several cessions were made, no man ever dreamed that the sale of the public lands would ever furnish a fund for distribution among the States. The country was overwhelmed with debt; the Government had not the power to en force the collection of requisitions of money from the Stales ; and the strongest fears were entertained, that the pressure of common danger being withdrawn, the arch of the U uion would tumble into ruins. To meet the crisis, to “ render the federal constitution adequate to lhe exigencies of Government, and the preservation of the Union,” the convention was assembled in 1789, whose consultations resulted in the formation ol the admirable constitution under which we now live. \\ hat were the exigencies of Government for which lhe convention was required to provide? The most important | and pressing was the creation of a fund for j the redemption of the public debt by the ! I adoption of such a system of taxation, as : might enable the Government to meet its ! pecuniary responsibilities without the de lays, and vexations, and disappointments, and refusals, which had invariably attended th plan of raising revenue by requisitions upon the respective States. And yet, in this state of things, when the Government was bankrupt, when the States were resorting to the extraordinary meas ure of treating a general central Govern ment, and giving to it the power of direct taxation over their citizens, and the entire control of their commerce, for the purpose of creating “ a common fund” for the re demption of their common debt, and when scarcely any other exigency could have in duced them to make such concessions, we arc now gravely told*that the “common fund,” created by the cessions of portions of their public lands by the States, for meet ing “ their usual respective proportions in the general charge and expenditure,” and “ for no other use or purpose whatsoever,” was merely intended to enable this General Government to collect money from the PEOPLE of the United Slates withone hand, and distribute it to lhe Governments sever ally with the other. And not only this, but j that in doing so, “ their usual respective proportions in the general expenditures should be entirely disregarded.” Having very briefly and imperfectly ad verted to the cessions of public lands fro i. lhe several States, it is proper and necessa ry to inquire into the nature of the contracts by which other public lauds have been ac quired by the United States; and here it is not intended to follow the tract which has I been generally pursued by those entertain ing the same views upon this subject. Much has been said of the comparative cost and revenue of the public lands. With great d fereiice to lhe opinions ofothers, this >g not believed to be the most correct view of the subject. It lias already been shown that the cessions of land by the several States to j lhe Union, were intended as contrifiutiom | to that “common Treasury,” spoken of in the articles of confederation, to meet the “ expenses incurred for the common de fence,” as expressed in the same article, ami for “ no other use or purpose whatso ever,” as is expressly provided in the ces sion from Virginia. It is believed that as little difficulty exists in showing that the i purchases from foreign nations belong to the same “ common fund” with the lands received from the Slates of this Union. It is not necessary here to state an account of debitand credit between the land fund and lax fund, for the purpose of showing on : which side a balance may preponderate, ul- I though such comparison may fall into a ■ subsequent part of this inquiry. It will be ' sufficient to show by what means such ptir | chases of lands were effected. No manat jail acquainted with the history of the coun- ■ try can be ignorant that Louisiana was j purchased from France, and Florida from i Spain : nor that the first cost fifteen, ami the latter five milions ofdollars, without es timating interest, dilference ol exchange, or any other identical charge; nor will ilbe pretended that they were not paid for out of the public Treasury, out of that very “ common Treasury,” designed to provide for the “ common defence” of the whole Union, as contradistinguished from its sep arate parts. How then can it be pretended that the money arising from the sale of the lands acquired by the purchase of Louisi ana and Florida, stands upon different ground with respect to distribution from money brought into the Treasury by tax ation ? Nor can this view of the subject be 100 clearly or strongly enforced upon the public mind. The present constitution had for its ob ject the perpetuity of the Union, and for that purpose conferred on the Federal Go vernment certain powers, to be exercised for certain defined and specified purposes, and no others. Among these was the pow er “to levy and collect taxes, duties, im posts, and excises;” and for what purpose? “ To pay the debts, and provide for the common defence and general welfare of the | United States." The “ common defence,, | ” the general welfare” of lhe United .State ! —that “defence and” that** welfare,” which are“common” and“ general” to the“ United States” as a confederacy, as a whole, as contrasted with and distinguished from its several parts —not that vague common de j fence and general welfare understood by some to confer unlimited power of taxation and appropriation upon this Government, but such as maybe provided for and pro moted by the exercise of the powers definate ly and specifically granted in jthe constitu tion, and by no other. If this view of the subject be correct —and it is not only in tact, but believed to be intangible— it fol lows irresistibly that Louisiana, and Flori 'da were paid for out of the tax fund collec . ted out of the pockets of the people for 'certain specified purposes, and as an una- I voidable consequence that the public lands | within their limits are bound, by every prin i eipleof law and equity, to stand in the place ; of the fund from which thej. were paid for. ! It then results in this, that this Government, j for the better providing for the common dc- I fence and general welfare appropriated a portion of the public money collected from the people in the purchase of stock, to be thereafter disposed of to the best advantage for the promotion of the objects for which the taxes were taised, and is therefore the trustee of the people for the faithful applica tion ofthe proceeds of that stock for such pur poses, and no other. It is useless to answer, thatastlie stock is worth more than the mon ey it cost, the Stales are entitled, as bodies politic and corporate, to the profits by a ratable distribution among them. The fund with which these purchases were made, was not contributed by the Slates. It wascontri buted in the form of “taxes, imposts, and excises,” directly by the people. How, then, can Congress take a fund, orthe pro ceeds of such fund, contributed by the peo ple in their individual character, for certain definite purposes, “ to provide for the com mon defence,” See., anti distribute it amon<>- the State Governments? The thing is ut terly absurd and impossible upon any fair constitutional principle. To close this branch of the subject, it is asserted without the fear of successful contradiction, that as Congress can alone raise revenue by taxa tion for purposes common to the Union and has appropriated a portion of the reve nue so raised, to the purchase of lands, that body is, to that extent, lhe trustee of the people, and bound for lhe faithful applica tion of the whole trust property to lhe pur poses and objects for which alone the money with which it was paid for was raised. Tins view of the subject is still more strongly enforced by the consideration, that the whole i of the public expenses, ordinary ami extra ordinary, including an amount of public debt exceeding four hundred millions of dollars, have been met and discharged ex clusivety\>y the fund raised from the pockets of the people by director indirect taxation. This assertion is not too strong when we advert to the report of the Secretary of the Treasury of the 2Sth of April, 183 G, by which.il appears, that by a fair statement of the account current between the tax fund and the land fund, technically so called, by the returns rendered up to the 18th day of the same month of April, the balance duc tile land fund was only $3,016,961 63, not much more than one-tenth of the sum now claimed to be subject to distribution, for the years 1833, 1834, and 1835. What show of justice, then, would there be in such a scheme of distribution, by which the money collected from the people and paid for puli lie lands, shall be squandered, when receiv ed back again from lhe sale of these lands among lhe Governments of the States of this ' Union f The catch ward are been, that as the public revenue had accumulated greatly ! beyond t! e necessary wants ofthc Govern j THE STANDARD OF UNION. ment, let it be returned to the people again by distribution. Os all the bumbugs crea ted in this age of invention for ministering food to political ambition or pecuniary cu pidity, this is the most preposterous and ab surd. Distribute money among the people forsooth ! The scheme is to distribute it to the regularly organized State Governments. It need not be said that the intention is to corrupt these Gouernments by giqiugthem an interest at war with the best interest of the people; but it requires no exercise of the imagination to perceive that such would be the invitable result. Already have we heard it more than whispered from a quarter most ominous, that it the revenue shall be so reduced by this notable scheme ol" distribution tis to produce a deficiency in the Treasury for defraying the ordinary expenditures of the Government, the duties on wines will ad mit of augmentation, Sc those on silks Uc be augmented or restored according as they I are now subject to or free from duty.* But | what is the plan of distribution now pro- I posed for our adoption? As before stated, instead of returning money to the pockets of the PEOPLE from whom it had been pre viously collected, it contemplates dividing it among the Stale Governments. The cess ion from Virginia provides that the land shall constitute a “common fund,” accord ing to the “ usual proportions of the States in the genera! charge and expenditure, ac cording to the rule established by the arti cles of confederation.” The federal con stitution, in changing the mode of creating and collecting revenue, retained a rule an alogous to that of the articles of confeder ation by which direct taxes should be ap portioned among the States—the rule of federal numbers. While the bill under con sideration proposes to distribute according to this rule, it is net until fifteen per cent, have been previously secured to the States of Ohio, [lndiana, Illinois, Mis souri, Mississippi, and Louisiana, and to those at lhe northwest, the benefits of the expenditures already made in building and repai. ing the G umber land road, without any charge or deduction, except the nominal re-imbursement from the two per cent, fund originally set apart foi its construction. It is true, the federal constitution has set up no standard by which money or other favors shall de distributed among the States, and this is of itself sufficient to show that no such distribution was ever intended bv it. But if the rule of direct taxation is settled, invariable, and as far as may be, equitable between the States, it may 'be fairly con cluded, that it, under any circumstances, a distribution ol public money among them should ever be made, it would be regulated by the same standard. It is again assert ed, that no rule ol distribution of money different from the one established for regu lating direct-taxation could possibly be consistent with the constitution. But in addition, it is fearlessly asserted that as the constitution is a grant of defined and.-;>e-! cified powers to carry into effect objects equally definite, the power sought to be ex ercised by this bill is totally repugnant to its most obvious principles. It has been asked, what shall be done with the redun dant revenue with which the Treasury is now overloaded? To the comprehension of a plain understanding tliere/loes not seem to be much mystery in the matter. If the land fund is sufficient to meet the necessary expenditures, repeal the whole of your tax es. If not sufficient, repeal a part of them. If more than sufficient, repeal the whole of ; the tariff, and curtail the sale of the public lands, by limiting itto actual settlers, and to j actual settlers alone; and in connexion with j this latter subject, establish an equitable ' system of graduation in the price, accord j ing to the period which the land has re j mained subject to entry at the minimum j price established by the Government. It might not be difficult to expatiate upon s the general course of public aflairs, not on ly since the commencement of lhe present administration, but from the adoption of our present form of Government; but it is not now considered necessary. On one topic of general discussion with in the last three years, a single remark may not be inappropriate. Believing at the time the subject was first investigated in Congress, that the change of the deposite of the public money from the Bank of the United States to the local banks, was, if not the w isest, among the w isest acts of Gener al Jackson’s civil administration,subsequent experience and observation have strength ened and confirmed that opinion. Andi now as confidently believe that if the Bank of the United Stateshad held the control of the large amount of public money at the time its charter was about to expire, which would have been in its possession if the fis cal agency of the Government had not been previously taken away from it, the lo cal banks would have been crushed, and a scene of pecuniary distress and ruin crea ted, such as the wildest imagination would scarcely be able to conceive. *ln Mr Clay’s last elaborate speech upon the bill for distributing the proceeds of lhe land sales, he is understood to have said, that if in conse qnence of the distribution proposed, there should not be money in the Treasury to meet ordinary expenditures, the duties on wines and silks might be restored or increased. This is ominous, but it is not the only circumstance going to show the connexion of his scheme, and the scheme of Mr. Calhoun, with the continuance, and if necessary, lhe increase of a high tariff. It is sufficient to re fer to the fact, that the scheme to distribute dates with the “compromise” tariff act of 1833, intend ed by Mr. Clay, and so stated by him, was to save not to destroy’tlie protective system. If the scheme of distribution, in either form, as presented by Mr. Clay or Mr. Calhoun, shall be carried, my life on it, the tariff will be increased and perpetu ated. WILL BE SOLD on Wednesday the 15th day of June next, in the Tow n of Spring Place,Murray County,Georgia,all the unsold Lots in said Town. Capitalists and others wishing to purchase valuable Villageproperty, would do well Io call and examine before that time. Terms made known on the day of sale. ELI BOWL’.N. j. i. c. SEABOURIN SENTER, j. i. c. STEPHEN PAXSAN, j. i. c. Ordered by the Court,that the above advertise ment be published in the Standard of Union, Milledgeville, and the Southern Banner Athens, Georgia, once a week untill the day of sale, and forward their accounts to this office for payment. A true extract from the minutes of the Infcrioi Court ol Murray County, Georgia. ! BURTON McGHEE, Cl’k. > April 14th, 18315. j. e. m.c. t NOTICE. THE Subscriber very respectfully informs his friends and the publick generally that lie bus located himself at the Marrietta Hotel, Cobb -• H., where he offers his services to search out <>»(< tent tlie value of Gold and Land lots, and to niake a true return to applicants in the counties of Co ,b, I auldnig, Floyd, Cass, Cherokee and For syth; at the low rate of five dollars per lot; at the above stated place, reference may be had to the .. tatc and Check maps, the quality Book, and nu ' w'tn" . '"‘j t, “ s above business will be thankfully received by v 111 ion- DANIEL MAY. March 11, 1835. 61 t s. SUBSCRIBER respoctful n ly informs his friends and the public, that he has opened a house o entertainment in the Town of Law n-neevd c, It winnett County, Georgia, where he n t iose " ho ma y favor fifin with a ca 1 will hud every thing provided which can con tribute to them comfort and convenience. JOHN F. MARTIN. Lawrenceville Dec. 9,1835. m tm 6—49. 4LOOO Buslicls Salt, SALE, at the BOAT LANDING, al . '5 cents per bushel, cash, in quantities to suit purchasers, from five bushelsand upwards. , NICHOLS & DEMING. Milledgeville, March 15 f)tf FOUR months after date, application will be , made to the honorable Inferior Court ol Emanuel county, when sitting for ordinary pur poses, for leave to sell all the real estate of Willi am W Heath, illegitimate of Sarah Heath, of Scriven county or Emanuel cenuty, known by No. 85, —d district, originally Muscogee now Talbot county. HARDY HEATH, Guardia February 16, 1836 4 m Rowand’s Genuine Tonic Mixture, or Febrifuge. WARRANTED a perfect and lasting cure for the Fever and Ague. For sale b y COWLES &DAGGET. May 24. 19—ts. BECKWITH’S Pills, For sale by COWLES & DAGGETT. Milledgeville, Feb. 16 5 ts MACON, GEORGIA. FWNHIS Establishment is now under Ijjfjjßjft -KL the control of the subscribers, Iliitjßw " bo pledge themselves to render com sortable those who may call on them. PETER J. WILLIAMS. JOHN D. RAMEY. Febuary23, 6 ts AGENCY. MILLEDGEVILLE. Dec. 26, 1835. THE Subscriber returns his sincere thanks to those who have favored him with the transaction of business in the Central Bank ; be ing now about to remove to Columbus, he has transferred hisbooks to his son Benjamin T. Be- I thune, and Hamilton B. Gaither, who are autho rized to settle all balances due to or from him on said books ; and they will attend to the renewal of notes in the Central Bank, at the usual fee of one dollar for each renewal. He solicits the pat ronage of his former friends and others in their behalf; he feels confident that all business entrus ted to their care, will bo faithfullv and promptly . attended to. JOHN BETHUNE. January 4,so—ts. NOTICE. Lost, misplaced or stolen, two promissory notes, one on Mary Connel, written one day after date, for $ 97 50 cents, pay able to myself, the dates not exactly recollected, but I think they were given some time in 1834, and the other on Edmund Richardson for $35, written one day afterdate, payable to John J. Al len, or bearer. Any information concerning said notes will be thankfully received. All persons are cautioned against trading for said notes from any person except myself, as they were not legally ob tained. KINCHEN STEVENS. Mount Zion, Ga., April 28, 1836 17 3t TV7O VALUABLE FAEMS I'os’ Sftle. THE subscriber offers for sale, in Harris conn ty, one tract of nine hundred acres, of fine seventeen miles from Columbus, on the Marshall ferry road, on which, there are three hundred and fifty acres of open land; a great portion of which is fresh. A good gin bouse and screw; a good barn and stables—a comfortable two story dwell ing house, well finished. A good kitchen and comfortable negro houses. A handsome situation; fine water; a beautiful farm, and every way desi rable. ALSO, a tract in the same neighborhood of six hundred acres, on. which there are one hundred and seventy acres of open land; the whole of which, has been cleared within the last two years. Tolerably comfortable log buildings. Corn and fodder, and stock of different kinds can be had at both places. The above property will be sold on terms to suit purchasers, and at reasonable prices. Persons wishing such property, would do well to call early, orthey may miss a bargain. 6t 39 HENRY H. LOWE. The Standard of Union and Georgia Jour nal, will each give the above six insertions, and forward their accounts to Ellerslie, Harris county, for payment. FOUR mouths after date, application will be made to the honorable the Court of Ordina ry of Baldwin county, for leave to sell the real es tate of Nubal Moore, deceased, adjoining lands of Askew and others, on the East side of the Oconee river. TOMLINSON FORT, Adm’r. March 22, 1836 4m FOUR months after date, application will be made to the honorable the liifcrie ourt of Hancock county, when sitting for ordinary pur poses, for leave to sell the real estate of William Wiley, deceased. MOSES WILEY, Ex’or. Hancock, county, March 15, 1.836 "WASIIIAGTON HAEE. Milledgeville Georgia. THE subscriber having taken this well known stand, for a term of years, offers to hi.- friends and the public, as good accommodations as can be found in the up country of Georgia. His supplies will be of the first quality ; and all that can be done for the comfort of those who may favor him with a call, shall be done. Ilis charges shall be uniform and reasonable. The whole establishment is undergoing a tho rough repair, and will contain when completed, upwards of sixty comfortable rooms. ALFRED M. HORTON. January 4. •’9—‘ The Federal Union, Southern Recorder, Con I stitutionalist, and Southern Banner, will give the above four insertions, and forward their accounts 1 to me. A. M. H. AGENCY. THE undersigned will attend to the Renew al of notes in the Central Bank at the usu al fee of one dollar for each renewal. They will ! also pass through the several offices and forward . Grants at one dollar for a single Grant, and fifty cents each, where more than one is requested. Communications addressed to them jointly oi separately, post paid, will be punctually attendee to- JOHN G. PARK, PETER FAIR. Milledgeville, April 26 15 tl IN OUR months after date, application will be made to the honorable the Inferior Courtof Pulaski county, while sitting for ordinary purposes, for letters of dismission on the estate of Charles Mills, deceased, by Daniel B. Rhodes, admiuistra i tor : This is therefore to cite and admonish all and ■ singular the kindred and creditors of said deceas ■ ed to be and appear at my office within the time i prescribed by iaw, to shew cause (if any) why said letters should not be granted. Given under my hand this 18th day of April, 1836. JOSEPH CARUTHERS, c. o. c. May 3, 1836 PULASKI LAND FOR SAUE. TIIF SUBSCRIBER offers for sale one Lot ( of Oak ami Hickory Land, No. 131, 4th district, originally Dooly, but now Pulaski county, lying four miles from the town of Hawkinsville, on the Stage road leading from Hawkinsville to Florida, runs directly through said tract of land. _ Any person wishing to purchase will please call on i the subscriber at Websterville, Bibb county Ga. JOHN J. LANIER. May 3. 16—8 t GEORGIA, Cherekec county—Tolled before me by Micajah Cooly. a CHESNUT SOR- REL MARE, supposed to be 8 or 9 years old, a bout 13 hands high. Appraised to $ 30, by VVilli auiM. McAfee and John Waits April 25th, 1835. WILLIAM WHITAKER, J.P. , GEORGIA, Cherokee county. —Tolled before ' me by Wm. McAfee, a BRIGHT BAY MARE, about four or five years old, 14A hands high, with white stripes in her fore feet and both her hind feet white, shod all round, black mane and tail. Ap praised to $ 40, by R. F. Daniel and John M. 1 Mulleus, May sth, 1836. WILLIAM WHITAKER, J. P. A true extract from the minutes of estrays, JAMES A. MADDOX, o. c. j. c. May 17,1837 18 3t GEORGIA, DeKalb County. Sarah E. Reid, 1 vs. s Libel for Divorce. Bryce Reid. ) IN DE KALB SUPERIOR COURT. IT appearing to the Court by the return of the Sheriff, that the defendant is not to be found iu the county of DeKalb—and it also further ap pearing to the Court, that the defendant does not reside within the State of Georgia—on motion of counsel for plaintiff, it is ordered by the Court that service be perfected upon the defendant, by publication of this Rule, once a mouth for three months, in some public Gazette in this State. A true copy from the minutes of the Court, March Term, 1836. JOHN GLENN, Cl’k. May 3, 1836 m3m NOTICE. —AU persons indebted to the estat of Patrick Finley, late of Pulaski county, deceased, are requested to come forward without delay, and settle the same; and those having de mands against said estate, will please render them iu to the subscriber in terms of the law. 18. W. BRACEWALL. Adm’r. Pulaski county, April 29,1835 17 flt A BIiACKSMITH ~ BADLY WANTED. THE SUBSCRIBER having permanently established himself at Harris’s Store, Long’s Bridge, Hancock county, where he conducts an extensive W*OOfl~ Snop, will give liberal wa-1 ges to A. Good Slltltllj, who understands Ironing Wagons, Carts, &c. He will either give wages per year, or furnish a first rate framed shop and tools of the best quality, by paying moderate rent, and all the profits accruing. There will be work enough for two first rate Smith’s, including farming work. john McAllister. Aprii 13. 6t 15 THE subscriber offers for sale, six hundred and seven acres, first rate Corn snd Cotton Land, with one hundred and twenty acres fine land, under good fences, all fresh; which will produce from twelve to fifteen hundred pounds Cotton to the acre, and from thirty to forty bushels Corn, there is on the premises, a double log cab bin shingle rough, and other out houses, and two excellent Wells of water, which never fails; the above lands all lie in the fifteenth and twenty eighth district Lee, now Sumter county, all join ing ; which will be sold on a credit of one, two and three years; persons wishing to purchase, would do well to view the premises, and call on the subscriber in Milledgevile during the present session, or at my residence in Twiggs county, af ter the cession. BENJ. B. SMITH. December, 7, 1835. 47—ts AXDBEWFO VIRGINIA. This distinguished son of Sir ifFf yfjli & Charles, belonging to Col. Wil bam D. Johnson of Virginia and Messrs, T. B. Howard of Columbus, and A. 11. Kenan of Milledgeville, will remain the present spring and fall seasons at the stable of Mr. Kenan at Milledgeville. As a racer ANDREIY was number one, his colts in Virginia and New York are spoken of in the high est terms. Mares sent to ANDREIV wiII bo kep at ten dollars per month and receive every atten tion; they will be under the immediate care of the proprietor and kept within sight of ANDREW'S Stable. The season will commence at the first of February and end the first of July Terms the same as last season. Handbills will be shortly sent out. January 11 51 GEORGIA. Iu the Superior Court, Richmond County, Jan uary Term, 1836. UPON the petition of Edward Thomas and others, Stockholders oi lhe Merchants’ and Planters’ Bank, praying the appointment of a Receiver of the assets of said Bank, for the pur pose set forth in said petition on silo : Ordered, That Edward Thomas be appointed as such Receiver, he first giving bond and securi ty, to be approved by the Clerk, in the sum of Thirty Thousand Dollars, payable to the Clerk of this Court, and his successors in office, for lhe faithful discharge ofhisdutyin said office. It it further Ordered, That the said Merchant’s and Planters’ Bank, do forthwith deliver and transfer to said Receiver, all and singular, the Books, Papers, Monies and Assets of every des cription, belonging to said Bank, and that said Receiver be and he hereby is fully authorized aud empowered, to receive and collect by suit in his own name as Receiver, or by other legal means, all outstanding claims due to said Bank, and to pay all debts due from it, and to defend all suits pend ing, or that may be brought against said Bank. An on the receipt of said assets, or of such por tion thereof, as may authorize a dividend, the said Receiver is authorized and required, from time to time, to divide among the Stockholders or their legal representatives, iu proportion to their res pective interests, such part of the assets of said Bank, as he may find prudent and proper to divide, always reserving a sufficient fund to answer the probable responsibilities of the Institution. And it it further Ordered, That the said Re ••eiver do report to this Court, at its sitting in Jan ttary next, his actings and doings on the premises, md that after the making up of said report, lie be .to longer liable to any suit or claim, as Received by any creditor of said Bank, unless the let m of •tis responsibility be then further extended. It is further Ordered, That a copy of the above order, be published in one of the public Gazettes of Augusta and Milledgeville, at least once a month from this date to the first of January next. A true extract from the Minutes, this llith day of Fcbruarv, 1836, WB, JAMES M’LAClerk. Bruce’s New-York Type Foundry, No. 13, Chambers Street, near Chatham. THE price of Five line Pica, plain and an tique, is reduced to 25 cents a pound, aud> Six line Pica and larger to 20 cents, thereby tnak-- ing these perfect metal types cheaper than any 0- ther. This Foundry has a most extensive and unpa ralleled assortment of Plain, Shaded. Condensed,, and Ornamental Types, by which Printers at the letter press are enabled to rival the impression from copper-plate in beauty, fancy, and tasteful display. The assortment embraces 250 sizes or varieties,, from twelve line pica to pearl, of Roman, Italic,. Black, Antique, Halin, Title, Condensed, Shaded,. Script, Backslope, German Text, Ornamented, Music, <vc., and also Piece Fractious, Superior , Space Rules, Astronomical and other Signs, Or namented Dashes, Long Braces, Brass Rules, near ly three hundred borders, and more than 1000 cuts or ornaments for newspapers, school book, and scientific works. The subscriber furnish Composing sticks, cases, chases, galleys furniture, paper, ink, all kinds of Printing Presses, and every article required in a Printing Office. They also execute orders for Ste rotyping. nyv Printers of Newspapers who publish thia advertisement (with this note) three times befora the first of July, 1836, and send a paper contaia ing it to the foundry, shall receive payment when they make purchases from the foundry, of four times the amount of their bill. GEORGE BRUCE, & Co New York Jan. 23, 1836. 12 3t Fifty Dollars Reward, FOR the apprehension and delivery ofavil lam. by the name of HENRY ASBURY, who from the strongest circumstantial proof, camo to my horse lot on the night of the 15th inst. and stole my mare.—The said thief is a man about hfty years of age, five feet, eight or nine inches high, dark skin, hair and eyes, heavy eye-brows, and of a very bad countenance, with a thick black heard; has generally wore his hair long, but may possibly have it cut offfor fear of being detected. It has been said that he has latterly lost sight of oneofhis eyes. The mare thathetookoffis small; what might be called a chesnut sorrel, with a blaze in her face. She has three white feet and legs; her tail has been very awkwardly cut off; was very much rubbed by the suddle skirts, aad considerablyjaded by travelling. The above reward is offered for the apprehen sion and delivery of the said rogue tome in Gwin nett County, 18 miles below Lawrenceville, near the line of \\ alton and Gwinnett. Any person that will deliver said thief and the mare above des cribed, shall have an additional reward of twenty five dollars, oi l will give twenty-five dollars for the delivery of the mare to my residence in Gwin nett County, or a liberal reward will be given for such information as will enable me to get the thief or the mare. She was three years old last J une, and four feet, eight or ten inches high as near as 1 can guess. THOMAS G. GARRISON. March 25. 03 he Standard of Union will give this three insertions, and forward their account to Windsor P. O. Walton county, Ga. for collection. T. O. G. DE KALB SHERIFF’S SALE—WiII b» sold on the first Tuesday in July next, with in the usual hours of sale, before the Court-hous* door, the following property, to wit : One Lot of Land in the 15th district originally Henry, now DeKalb county, No. 115, containing 202 j acres, more or less, one wagon and three work stears, levied on as the property of William Turner, to satisfy a fl fa issued from DeKalb In ferior Court, in favor of Lemuel J. Hillburn—pro perty pointed out by plaintiff. Also—One Lot of Land, No. 114, in the 15th district of originally Henry, now DeKalb county, containing 202 j acres, more or less, levied on as the property of William Turner, to satisfy a fi fa issued from DeKalb Inferior Court, in favor of John Shewbert and others—property pointed out by defendant. Also—Five acres land, more or less, lying ad joining Decatur village, levied on as the property of Wilson Edwards to satisfy a fi fa issued from DeKalb Inferior Court, in favor of Jesse F. Cleve land vs. Edwards, (maker,) John Brown and John Breadlove, (endorsers,) it being a part of Lot of Land No. 245, in the 15th district of originally Henry, now DeKalb county. Also—One Lot in the town of Decatur, with good improvements, No. 112; also, six acres, more or less, adjoining the same, it being a part of Lot of Land No. 245, in the 15th district Henry ori ginnally, now, DeKalb county, levied on as tlm property of James Hilburn, to satisfy ft fas ia favor of Edward Mays, administrator, &c. and ci thers, issued from DeKalb Superior Court vs. said Hilburn. Also the North third part of Lot number 9, in the Sixteenth Dist. of originally Henry but now Dekalb County,Levied on as the property of Hola way Sanders, to satisfy two fi fas from a Justice Court of said County,in favor of Adam Pool vs said Sanders & Elias Madden, property pointed out by defendant Sanders, levy made and returned to me by a Constable,—also one Negro girl of dark complexion by the name of Mary, levied on aa the property of James Hilburn, to satisfy a fifa issued from Dekalb Superior Court in favor of Cyrus Choice & Co. vs said Hilburn aud other fifas. SHADRACII FARMER, Sh’ff. April 25 20—tds. PENITENTIARY. Milledgeville, May 17, 1836. ALL persons indebted to this institution, are hereby notified, that unless payment be made by the 15th day of June next, suit will be com menced against them indiscriminately, for all debts due on the Ist Jan. 1836. By order of the Board of Inspectors. JOHN MILLER,Book-keeper. June 7. 21 3t. GEORGIA, Crawford County. POSTED before me, Mansel Hammock, one of the Justices of peace, of said county; one estray horse mule, about two years old, dark bay, posted by Irwin IL Woodard of said dist. appraised by Asa Jolly and Jatnes Taylor, to six ty dollars, this May 14th, 1836. WILLIAM McGEE, c. 1. e. June 7. 22 4t. GEORGIA, Crawford county. Stephen S. Wright, of the 768th company dist. G. M., tolled before me one small sorrel nsare. with a blaze in her face, left hind foot white and some white on her left four foot. Four feet and eleven inches high, supposed to be 7 or 8 years, old, also, one dark chesnut sorrel or black horse, with a small white streak in his face, both hindi feet white, four feet and 8A inches high, supposed to be lour or five years old. The inure appraised to seventy-five dollars, and the horse to sixty-fivo dollars. By Josiah Kaighteu aud Gideou Now som, this 28th Muy 1836. JOHNS. BROOKS. William McGle, c. i.v, June 7, 1836. 24 171 OUR MONTHS after date, application wi)| ’ bo made to the honorable inferior court of Gwinnett comity, when setting for ordinary puis poses, for leave to sell Lot of Land, number one hundred & fourteen, in the sixteenth dist. former ly Lee county, but now Sumpter county, ilftlVVA by Mary F. Colyer and for her benefit. JNO. P. HUTCHINS, Giiarditiß, June 7. 2§—4m, Pulaski Sheriff Sale. WILL be sold, at the Court house door in the town of Hartford, Pulaski county, on the, first Tuesday in August next, within the legal hours of sale, the following property to wit: One negro woman by the name of Kate, levied <>ll as property of the estate of Win. Hodges to sat. tisfv several mail fi fas in favor of Turner Coley, levy made and returned by a constable. WILEY' HOLDER. Sheriff, June?.