About The sunny South. (Atlanta, Ga.) 1875-1907 | View Entire Issue (Nov. 19, 1887)
8 THE SUNNY SOUTH, ATLANTA, GAn SATURDAY MORNING. NOVEMBER 19 18*7 Every farmer and every far mer’s son and daughter should have a chance at the 2,000 valua ble presents which this paper will distribute free in January next. See the list. THE ARAB STEED. O beautiful barb from the land of tbe sun, O'er the Ore of thy mettle wbar shadow has come? Has the wind of ihe North chilled the blood in thy And staked out the brand of Arabian plains? O, horse of the desert, what beauty Is tblne ? Like the beauty of woman, like the sparkle on wine, As bright as the bubble that crowns the champakne, 80 bright is tt e gleam of thy cream colored mane. And like the sharp music Aurora gives out, When boreal streamers are flashing about, 80 sharp was the sound of thy foot on the plain That told thy pursuer his cn.se was In yam. K 1st comes the fllm o’er thy beautiful eyes; My be uty, my Arab, for death what a prize I Hut b tier to die on the crest of life’s wave Than wait f, r the*bb tide to hollow the graye. none is the life that was lived for but one; Q ier cbed Is tbe Ore that was caught from the sun; But If love Is Immortal and faith not In vain, My beauty, my Arab, I shall see thee agalnl Tomatoes Rlpenlna; In the Cellar. Always when frost comes it catches the to mato plants with large quantities of unripe fruit. If the vines are pulled up while un touched by frost and thrown into the cellar, most of the fruit will ripen. In this way it is possible, with very little trouble, to keep fresh tomatoes from the summer’s growth until near Christmas. Late in the season the tomato does not rot so quickly as it does earlier. Should Forest Land Be Taxed? Should forest lands be partially or entirely exempt from taxation? This topic has beeu 6tnt to the Granges of the country as an excel lent one for discussion. It is timely and im portant. Older countries have suffered se verely from the los3 of forests. Some men seem anxious to strip every acre of their land as quickly as possible. It may be that a light ened tax on woodland would stop something of the destruction. Leaves in Forests. In a thick forest such as grows oa the best land leaves lie pretty evenly over the surface, and this with undrilted snow keeps the ground from freezing deeply. As the trees are thinned out, winds come iu and blow the surface bare both of leaves and snow. The soil freezes deeper than ever before, and as the tree routs are mostly near the surface they are frozen dry. This is the reason why so many trees in partly cleared lands begin to die at the top and must soon be cut down. Bedding Barnyards. Wherever straw is abundant a good deal should be spread over the barnyard to catch the droppings of animals during Winter. If straw is scarce some other material should be used. Sods with as thin a slice of earth and as much grass as possible are even better than straw, as they absorb the liquid manure more perfectly. Though stock should be stabled at nights it should have the run of the barnyard at least on fine days for exercise, and the ma nure it then makes ought not to be lost. Best Mode of Applying Manures. At a meeting of the New York State Agricul tural Society the following conclusions as to the best mode of applying manures were adopted as the sense of the meeting:. That manures consisting chiefly of the droppings of animals should be applied to the soil as soon as practicable. Manure consisting largely of straw, corn-stalks or other fibrous material should first be well rotted before being applied. For all hay or straw crops, manure should be applied on or near the surface. For hoed crops, including that of corn, it should be plowed under a little deeper. I Three Crops of Irish Potatoes | The Center Telephone says Judge Nix, of ' Alexis, Cherokee county, Alabama, is enjoy- ! ine a second crop of Irish potatoes. After ; raising: tbe first crop he sowed turnips on same land, and now has, not only turnips but plenty of fine potatoes. Corn in that sec tion is fine and cotton is turning out better than was expected. Mrs. Vandiver had tine watermelons early in summer, after eating some of them she planted the seed and now has fine second crop of melons. We would remark that Mr. P. W. J. Echols, formerly a merchant of this city, raised three crops of-Irish potatoes, of tbe E irly Rose va riety, in one season, in his garden in Decatur, six miles from Atlanta. He dug and replanted in July and October, and dug the last crop in December. Crafts, Etc. In Europe, thrifty trees and good crops of peaches have been secured by grafts on the hawthorn. Provide, without fail, for ihe dust bath dur ing the winter season when the fowls cannot scratch in the open ground. As a result of high manuring, Alfred Towne of Bradford, Mass., has an unusually fine crop of apples, Baldwins and Greenings, nearly a thousand barrels in ail, this year. Unless a sow is a specially good mother when her life may be spared, it is best to fat ten her now to slaughter at Christmas time and thus avoid keeping over till spring. It is an easy matter to have a garden so ar ranged as to cultivate it with a horse hoe, but the best results are usually obtained on small plots well manured and worked by hand. There is a lad on Fair Hill, near Warrenton, Ga., who started out in January with a small yearling, went to school five months, and has traded around until he has $25 in cash, a bet ter yearling, four goats, and is now clearing him a cotton patch at night for next year. J. P. Bledsoe, on C. B. Wooten’s home place near Leary, Calhoun county, Ga., says he made with eight plows 108 bales of cotton, 1,000 bushels of corn, fifteen barrels of syrup, to gether with a fair potato crop. This crop was grown on a common piece of land, using twelve tons of guano. ” Why Southern Vineyards Will Pay. The increasing manufacture iu France of adulterated wine that is intended for export as the genuine juice of the grape and the “drink divine,” calls forth a sa; castic comment from the Druggist. This journal remarks that the devastation of the French vineyards by the phylloxera does not seem to affect the wine in- dustry at all, but rather the more this insect destroys of the vines the larger becomes the quantity of the “wine” exported. The inge nious French chemists prepare an artificial wine from glucose, potatoes, rotten apples, dried prunes, dates, figs, raisins, currants and red beets, and, says the journal referred to, “all this swill is consumed by England, Rus sia and the Orient, but chitflv by the United Stales.” Still another so-called wine-yieldiDg substance has just been discovered, and the discovery has been described before the Paris Botanical Society. It is claimed by the dis coverer that the leaves of the bassia tree, dried after a certain fashion, have a large proportion of saccharine matter, and in combination with water ai d sugar, constitutes “an excellent basis for the manufacture of artificial wine.’’ This tree is found in India, where it grows to a considerable height, and, under favorable conditions, it is reported, will yield six or seven hundred pounds of dried flower leaves. These blossoms have been imporied by the hundred thousand pounds, to the great relief of the wine-makers, as the prices of currants, rai sins, figs, apples and other articles had ad vanced in cost to an uncomfortable extent be cause of the extensive consumption of these fruits in making “pure imported wiue.” Now, what will be the ultimate result of this un comfortable state of affairs? Southern vine yards. We predict that in ten years from now the wine of this nation will be native Southern wine, not made from apples or bassia leaves, but the pure j uice of the grape. Strengthening Food for Cows. Oat, corn and barley meal are each and all good for milk cows at this season. When first turned out to grass the herbage is watery and iDnutritious; but it is better to let them pick what they can than to wait until the grass grows older, by which time much of it will have become coarse and will not be readily eaten. Cows thus fed will eat dry hay or even straw readily at night, and should be given what they will eat clean. But straw, or even hay, is not all that is required. Some grain or meal must be added, not alone to keep up the present flow and richness of milk, but to pre vent the cow from growing poor, which will decrease her yield all through the season. Transplanting Trees. As this month and the next (the weather being favorable) are favorable to the trans lating of trees of all kinds; yet we have nown the work done in February with the best results. In transplanting the young seedlings it is important they should not be exposed to dry ing winds or hot sun, even for a few minutes. Many failures in tree planting are caused by the drying up of the roots before planting. The soil should be well worked in among the roots and firmed with the feet. Large trees can be moved and transplanted, thus taking advantage of several years growth, provided all the roots and some of the adher ing earth be carried with them The place in which they are deposited should also be spe cially prepared for their reception. Facts About Leaves. As is well known, a tree cannot grow with out leaves. These are put forth every year, and are a contrivance for vastly increasing the surface. An oak tree of good sze exposes several acres of surface to the air during the growing season. It has been estimated that the Washington elm at Cambridge. Mas?., not a very large tree, exposes about five acres of foilage, if we include both sides of the leaves. Leaves are more nearly comparable to stom achs than lungs. A leaf is a laboratory for assimilating or "manufacturing raw materials into plant fabric. The cellular structure of the leaves, wood and bark of a tree is a com plicated subject to treat in a popular way. It requires a vast surface of leaves to do a little work. By counting the leaves on a seedling oak, and estimating the surface of both sides of each, we can fee how many inches are needed to build up the roots and stem for the first year. After the first year the old stem of the oak bears no leaves. It is dependent on the leaves of the branches, or its children, for support. A tree is a sort of community, each pari having its own duties to perform. The root hair takes up most of the nourishment. Tae young roots i ake this to the larger ones, and they in turn, like the branches of a river, pour the flrod of crude sap into the trunk, which conveys it to the leaves. The assimi lated or digested sap passes from tbe leaves to all growing parts of the plant, at d a deposit is made where most needed. If a branch is much expostd to the winds, the base of it has a cer tain support or certain amount of nourish ment. S > with the trunk of a ireu. If the base of a branch or the main trunk is much exposed to tbe winds and storms, a much thicker deposit of food is made there. The winds give a tree exercise, which seems good to help make it strong. Our toughest wood comes from trees growing in exposed places. Hie limbs of a tree are ail the time striving wuh each other to see which shall have the most room and the most sunshine. While some parsh in the attempt, or meet with oniy very ind ffarent success, the strongest of the strong buds survive. Poultry Raisins. The following appeared two or three years ago as a communication to the Republic (plaee of publication not given); and the publisher failed to give the post-office address of the writer. The communication is more than ordinarily interesting, while the results are in the highest degree satisfactory and encouraging. Mention is made of incubators; and the ad dress of a firm is given, which can supply di rections for making them. Whether the com pany still exists, we do not know, bnt it will cost but little to find out. The attention of persons who have written to us about incuba tors, is respectfully directed to this fact. “Editor Republic: As I have many friends and relatives who read yonr valuable paper, I wish to give them my experience in poultry raising. Being left in dependent circumstan ces, with three fatherless children to support, 1 was driven to action. J bought 25 common hens and two Plymouth Rock roosters. My hens were young and healthy, and good layers because well fed. About the 1st of March my brother came to visit me and made me an incubator that held 240 eggs. The ma terial cost me §0 rnd it took him two days to make it. Marcn 1 and Jalv 1 I hatched five incuDators lull of chicks, 968 in all. I sold them when about 3 months old, to hotels in villages near by. The first 16 dozen brought me §100 or §6:25 per dozen; the next sixteen dozen brought me 880 per dozen; thp next sixteen dozan §72 and the remaining 27 dozen ormght, me §81; total, §333. I paid for feed §47.25, leaving me for my own labor §285 75, and this without any capital to start on. My brother living in Pennsylvania made an incubator after he went home and cleared on his chicks §437. He did nor. hatch as many as I did, but be shipped his to New York and got high prices for them. I was too far cff the railroad; 1 could not ship conveniently. An incubator is real easy to manage and takes but little time, one haif a day being sufficient. You can hatch all the fei tile eggs and you can hatch them early, be fore you can get hens to set. I have fifteen incubators made, and I expect to raise 5 000 chicks next year, and I know I can clear 50 cents on each chicken. I have only a small house and lot, but then you need but little room when yon sell them so young. This is work that any woman, though in feeble health, can do; in fact it is only good exercise and it is very profitable. I know there are thousauds of poor people who would try the poultry if they only knew how much money they could make. Any one can get plain directions for makiDg an incubator liko mine by sending stamp to the C S. Incubator Company, New ark, N. J. I hope that many of your readers who are out of employment or have leisure time, will try the poultry business. Mas. Asms S. Cars. If you want to know all about South Florida subscribe for South Florida 8 ideal newspaper, The Rustis Lake Region. It is conducted by live men for live people. It gives yon all the news of the World, State and County. Its editorials are bright, sparkling and fully up to tbe times. Its paragraphs gleam with wit and wisdom. It is complete in all its departments. There is always something in it that yon want to know. It is clean, lively and progressive. Men read every line of it, women love it, and children cry for it. Hamilton Jay, Editor; C. B i A. H. Hill, Associate Editors. Tejms: §2 per year; §l for six months. Address alt letters to Htll Printing Co., Eustis, Fla. ABOUT WOMEN. What They are Doing for the Good of the World. The Qu«en of Ronmania has just completed a novel, the scene being laid among the an cient Dacians. Mrs Salter, the Mayor of Argonia, Kan , is said to be an unpopularly severe effiaer of the aw, and not likely to be re-elected. Miss Elizabeth Garrett, sister of the ex-Pres- ident of the Baltimore and Olio road, is much beloved by the poor of Baltimore on account of her charities. Kate Forsyth has received an offer from Al Hayman to remain on the Pacific Coast the en tire season. She is also considering an offer to appear in London in January. Miss Sarah F. Smiley, well known for her Bible readings, was thrown from a carriage at Saratoga last week. Her collar bone was bro ken and she received other severe injuries. Clara Louise Kellogg was once worth §250,- 000; but she lost heavily in bad investments, and now has to struggle along on the income of §100,000 and what she picks up by singing. Queen Margaret, of Italy, has had capable Jewish instructors, can read the Old Testament in Hebrew with ease, and has collected a lirge Hebrew library with the latest works on Jew ish literature. Mrs. Magdalene Boggs, of Milton, Indiana, will soon celebrate her ]04'.h birthday. Her health is excellent, but her sight has failed, and she has only one tooth left. She finds no dif ficulty in eating meat. Olive Logan’s translation of Francois Cop- pee’s one act poetic p ay, “The Stroller,” ap pears to be decidedly successful in London; and Olive Logan herself, as a playwright speaker of thanks, is even more successful. Miss Mary Holman, of Baltimore, was mar ried in Paris on Tuesday to Baron Monchens, first Secretary of the Belgian Legation at Ber lin. Mr. Padelford, a step-brother of the bride, and her parents were present at the ceremony. Lady Blunt, who insisted on sharing her husband’s imprisonment at Woodford, County Galway, for presiding at a Home Rule meet ing, is a grand-daughter of Lord Byron. It wi 1 be remembered that her grandfather tried to help the Greeks to home rule. Miss Amelie Rives, the handsome young Southern writer—since the announcements of her beauty have been going the rounds, and since her picture appeared in Harper's—has been the recipient of several crank offers of marriage by mail, the letters being sent to her publishers. Mrs. E. C. W. Patterson the State Lecturer for the Knights of Labor, was born in New York near Senaca Lake. She has been iden tified with temperance and labor movements for some years. She is a bright, intelligent woman, a good organizer, a pleasing speaker, and highly spoken of in the States where she has labored. The Baroness Burdett-Coutts is among the people of importance who will visit the United States this year. Mr. Baroness Burdett- Coutts will come with her, but it is doubtful whether he will introduce his aged and distin guished wife to the numerous disowned rela tives he left on this side The Baroness is now a well-preserved woman of 73. Frar cis Power Cobbe is a woman of untir ing industry and energy. During the last twenty-five years, in addition to the great amount of time spent in philanthropical work, she wrote fifteen books, about twenty-five pamphlets of theology,women’s rights, vivisec- lion. etc., and an enormous number of articles for the magazines and newspapers. She Doubted Success. Mrs. Jefferson Davis is said to have remark ed to a gentleman at Macon that she never, from the first, believed in the success of the Confederacy in the war, but always told Mr. Davis that defeat was only a matter of time. Jenny Li’-d Buried at Malvern —Her Toucnine; Request. London, Nov. 5 —Jenny Lind was buried at Malvern to-day. In accordance with her oft-expressed wish, the patch-work quilt which tbe children of the United States presented to Jenny Lind was buried with her. The following cablegram was received by Mr. Bamum, replying to one of condolence sent on the death of Jenny Lind: Malvern, Nov. 5. P. T. Bamum, New York.—Fully appreciate your condolence, coming from one who well knew my beloved wife and was always remem bered by her with sincere regar-l. (Signed) Otto Goldschmidt. Jenny Lind s country home was Wind’s Point, at Burstner’s Cross, near the Malverns. She took great interest in the welfare of her neighbors, and one of her last public appear ances was at the West Malvern Concert Hall in the autumn of 1883, when she sang for the benefit of the Great Western Railway Ser vants’ Fund. A Medal foraWoman, Henry M. Smith, the Journal Clerk of the House of Representatives, has presented to Secretary Fairchild, on behalf of the citizens of Charlevoix, Mich., a petition praying that a gold medal or other testimonial be presented to Miss Mary Wakefield, of Charlevoix, for her bravery in saving the life of a child. The story of Miss Waktfield’s heroic act reads more like sensational fiction than solid facts, and such intrepid bravery is seldom met with. On the night of Jane 16, 1887, a terrible storm broke over Lake Michigan, and the steamer Champlain took fire near the mouth of Charle voix harbor and burned to the water’s edge. There were nearly 100 persons on the steamer, and but a few were saved. Miss Wakefield, tbe light keeper’s daughter, pat out in a small boat and arrived at the wreck just as Mrs. Keogh, the wife of the Chaplain’s Ciptain, was sinking in the waves with a baby in her arms. Miss Wakefield snatched the child from the arms of the sinking woman after leaping from her frail boat. Sae then grasped a fender which was suspended from the rail of the steamer but could find no floating ob ject to cling to. She therefore deliberately moved the fender up to the flames and held it there until the rope by which it was suspended burned off and the fender fell into the water. Miss Wakefield then placed the baby on a beam, caught its dress in her teeth to prevent the child from falling into the sea and coolly swam ashore. The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized by law to grant medils as a re ward for bravery in life-savine, and the citi zens of Charlevoix think that Miss Wakefield’s heroism should be recognized.—New York Sun. COLORED PHILOSOPHY. [By U icle Zeke.] V- u may notch it on ce palln’s, You may mark It on de wall, D de higher up a toad frog jumps De harder he will fall. And de crow dat fly de swlftes’ Am dp soones’ lu de corn, And de fly dat am de meanes’ Gits up earliest in de morn, D • brook dat am de ehallo’es’ Cuatters most upon de vay, And de folks oat am de sillies’ Ar ae ones han moV ter say. And de rooster dat am younges’ Am de one dat crow ce mos’; And de mau who am de co »ara Always make de DIggts’ boas’. And be am not de greares’ man Wbo totes de blgges’ muscle; N >r am she de floes’ gal Who war de bigges’ bustle. You kin not jedge de kin’ ob man By tbe manner ob bis walkin’, An’ dey ar not de smartes’ folks Wbo do de loudes’ talkin’. The Memphis Appeal. For §1 per year, we will send our weekly with the handsome premium, A Pocket Atlas of the World, which gives answers for every question possible about the nations of the world and all the States of the Union, contain ing 191 pages and colored maps of every coun try and State of the Union, with statistics of population, area, production trade, capital, growth and progress; or for §1.50 we will send oDr weekly with a medical book for home use, the best ico’k of the kind that has ever been printed. It is entitled “Our Family Physi cian,” and sells in all book s ores for §3 It is so popular that 50,000 copies have been sold in the last six months! The book contains 480 pages, and in form is what is known as a royal octavo, that is (to give a better idea of its size), it is eight and one-half inches long, six inches wide, and two inches thick. It is print ed on extra heavy paper and is handsomely bound in cloth, with embossed covers and gilt- lettered back, and is endorsed by the best physicians in the country. Send for sample copies of the Appeal. The Memphis Appeal Co., Memphis, Xenn. 2,000 HANDSOME PRESENTS! TO BE PUBLICLY DISTRIBUTED AMONG SONNY SOUTH PATHONS. Gold and Silver Money, Watches, Sewing Machines, Silks, Furniture, Books, Etc, Free. SECOND GEAND DISTRIBUTION JAN. 14, 1888. Our first distribution of presents, which took place on the ist of October, last, was so popular and satisfactory to everyone that we yield to a general wish for another chance and will have one more distribution on Jan. 14, next, and on a much larger scale. Every body enjoys the fun and excitement of a public contest whether he wins or not. But. regretting that so few out of the great number of contestants received presents in the October distribution, w« liati* uiilcd !>\>.r tii then Inn 4 <4 v.ifiialileprints in ||| jjr t sjileiinid lisl making in all two thousand and aggregating over three thousand dollars in value. Pile Following Extraordinary List will be Distributed in Pub lic Among SUNNY SOUTH Patrons on Jat uary 14,1888: One Present of one hundred dollars in gold - - $ioo One Present of fifty dollars in gold .... 30 One Present of twenty-five dollars in gold ... 25 One Present of twenty dollars in silver - 20 Five Presents of ten dollars, each, in gold ... 30 Five Presents of five dollars, each, in gold ... 25 One Present of a fine gent’s or lady’s gold watch - 75 One Present of a handsome set of furniture - 50 One Present of a high arm sewing machine - 45 One Present of a low arm sewing machine ... 30 One Present of a handsome silk dress pattern - 40 One Present of a China tea set, 5S pieces ... 30 One Present of a double barrel breech loader - - 20 Five Presents, each, a Waterburv watch ... 20 Twenty-five Presents, each, a fine gold finger ring - 50 Twenty-five Presents, each, a set gold ear drops - 50 Fifty Presents, each, a nice pocket knife ... 50 Ten Presents, each, a nice photograph album - - - 15 One Present of a set plated tea spoons ... 3 One Present of a set plated table spoons ... 3 One Present of a set plated forks .... 3 One Present of a set plated knives 3 Fifty Presents, each, twenty pieces of popular music - 300 Forty Presents, each, a copy of “Law Without Lawyers,”— see contents of this work on fourth page - - - 40 Forty Presents, each, a copy ‘What Everyone Should Know’ 40 One hundred Presents, each, a copy of “Knitting and Cro chet,” by Jenny June—see contents on fourth page - 75 Two hundred Presents, each, a copy of “Usages of the Best Society” - - - - - - - - -150 One Grand Present of twenty-seven handsomely bound vol umes of the household poets: Byron, Burns, Bryant, Elizabeth Browning, Robt. Browning, Dante Goethe, Longfellow, Meredith, Milton, Moore, Poe, Shake speare, Pope, Swinburne, Tennyson, etc., (these all con stitute one present) 45-5° One set of Chambers’ Encyclopedia, six vols., hound in cloth 18.00 One set of Carlye’s works, eleven volumes, in cloth, gilt - 16.50 One set of Washington Irving’s works, 10 vols., gilt cloth 15.00 One set of Dicken’s works, fifteen volumes, cloth - - 18.75 One set of George Eliot’s works, eight volumes, gilt, cloth 12.00 One set of Scott’s works, twenty-four volumes, cloth - 30.00 One set of Goethe’s works, five volumes .... 7.30 One set of Macaulay’s History of England, five volumes, gilt 6.75 One set of Macaulay’s Essays and Poems - 3.75 One set of Plutarch’s Lives, three volumes ... 4.30 Two hundred presents, each, a large and beautiful painting of the famous Saratoga Springs—size, 15x21 - - 200.00 Two hundred presents, each, a spledid picture of the great “Central Park” in New York City—size, 15x21 200.00 Two hundred presents, each, a copy of “Life’s Dream,” a handsome painting, illustrating the dream of life— size, 15x22 200.00 Two hundred presents, each, a picture of “Sunny Hours,” striking and beautiful—size, 14x17 ... -200.00 Two hundred presents, each, a painting illustrating “Con tentment—size, 13x16 - 2C0.00 Four hundred presents, each, an exquisite oleograph. These are the largest and handsomest pictures ever offered for premiums and far superior in style and execution to those which now adorn most of our homes 400.00 SPECIALPREMIUMS! To the lady or gentleman who will send in the largest number of subscriptions by the 14th of January, next, we will give a special premium in gold of $50. To the lady sending in the next hi<rhest number we will present a handsome lady’s gold watch, worth $40. JN@“Our regular traveling agents are not included in these propositions. A PONY FOR THE BOYS AND GIRLS. To the boy or girl who will send in the largest number of sub scribers by the 14th of January, next, we will present a handsome pony, saddle and bridle, worth $60. To the girl who will send in the next highest, we will give a handsome silk dress, wo rth $30. General Greely’s Views. He Does Not Think the North Pole Will Be Reached, Except Aerial Navigation is Made Successful—The Grounds for His Opinion—Denmark and Ger many Encouraging Ex plorations. [Copyrighted, 1387.] [Spec'al Correspondence of Sonny South.] Washington, D. C., Not. 11.—Four years since it was predicted that interest in Arctic work was dead, and that the enthusiasm for explorations in the icy zmes was a matter of the past. Such prophecies have not been ver ified, but now and again the public hears of some new plan or idea anent this dangerous voyaging. The attempt of Gilder to return to the region of his triumphs with Schwatka, and there, engaging the aid of the Eskimo of Re pulse Bay, pass Northward to Conger, and thence to Cape Washirgton, excited a certain degree of public attention, which still lingered even when ni'sf'jriune obliged Gilder to at tempt as a forlorn hope a land route via Hud son Bay, instead of the easier water route to the whaling grounds of Frozen Strait. Again the journey of Baron Von Toll and Dr. Bunge to the new Siberian Islands, excited considerable attention abroad, which was jus tified by the success of these explorers in their journey northward over the Siberian isles Later Engineer l’eary, of the United States Navy, visiting Greenland, had such fortunate experiences in traversing the summit of the inland ice as bids fair in the future to traverse the oft-made prediction that Greenland will never be crossed from east to west. Still later we find an attempt to revive the long since dormant interest in Antarctic ex plorations. The expedition which Maury, after outlining to the world the safest and speediest routes for sailing vessels, in vain strove to organize that he might show the world what American sail ors could do in the Arctic seas, is no? once more urged. Maury found counsel indeed, but neither money nor ships at home orabroad. Lately, however, Germany, which played so prominent a part in organizing and perfecting the series of scientific international polar ob servations from 1881 to 1883 has again shown its world wide interest and activity by foster ing Antarctic explorations. The German Ge ographical Society favors such work, and tbe British Association for the Advancement of Science also investigated and reported favora bly upon the subject. The Royal Scottish Ge ographical Society and other associations have united in urging that Antarctic work be not neglected, asserting that the Australasian col onies, if only encouraged by the home Govern ment, would willingly tit out an expedition which would do credit to England and its sail ors. Again, on the west coast of Greenland the discoveries of Holm and other Danish officers have proved the soundness of the idea broached by me in “Three Years of Arctic Service" that the Eskimo now living on the east coast of Greenland reached their present locality by passing overland from the west coast either by means of intervening fiords or along the land which skirts the northern ice- capped land of desolation. Denmark prom ises again to enter this field, and it is under stood that a steam vessel under Ilovgaard or Holm will try again the eastern Greenland seas, in wh ch the German vessel Germania met her fate. These expeditions, although they have not yet been organized, show the widespread and continued interest which must abide, to a greater or less extent, as long as a veil of mys tery hangs over the Arctic and Antarctic cir cles. Will the North Pole be Reached? In connection with these various enterprises the writer is asked to express his opinion as to whether the North Pole will ever be reached. It is not to be supposed that a mere ipse dixit will be accepted on so vexed and uncertain a question, -f-' ,t us examine a little the various efforts which have been made to reach this ge ographical point One of the expeditions best planned in its general arrangements, although it failed in details, particularly that of food, was commanded by Sir Edward Parry, in the famous attempt to reach the North Pole by boats and sledges to the northward of Spitz- bergen in the year 1827. Unfortunately for Parry, he found instead of a solid, fixed pack, over which his party could travel with a fair degree of rapidity, a broken, scattered and drifting mass of ice, which was not sufficient in extent to justify sledge travel, nor, on the other hand, was the sea sufficiently free from ice to permit of extensive movements by boats. In consequence, the energies of this party were substantially wasted in repeated and al most continuous f fforts of launching and draw ing up their boats. Added to these troubles came later the knowledge that the southerly drift carried them by night nearly as far to the southward as their utmost endeavors enabled them to travel northward by day. Notwith standing such adverse conditions, Parry suc ceeded in reaching; latitude 80 45m. within four hundred and thirty-five miles of the geo graphical pole. Had Parry been the master of a vessel such as a steam whaler of to-day, it is beyond question that by vessel he could have forced his way in the Greenland Sea, far to the northward of the eighty-third parallel. But such was not to be his fate; and later the world has accepted as an axiom the sound Arctic canon advanced by Parry himself that no great success can be made by a vessel un less it forces iits way in open water along the shore of a bold land which has a western ex posure. . : Later the British expedition of 1875 and 1876, favored by t&e coast of Greenland, passed np the West Greenland Channel and displayed the British Hag upon the polar pack, in latitude 83 20, within 399 miles of the geographical pole. The heavy equipment of the English party and the fact that the exhausting work of dragging the sledges fell entirely on the men instead of being done, at least in part, by Eskimo dogs, together with errors of diet, which have never been entirely and satisfactorily settled upon, caused the break-down of Markham’s party, and the consequent failure to do more than display the British flag a few miles nearer the pole than had ever been done before. In the expedition of Weyprecht, Payer, leav ing the Tegethoff on the South shore of the new land known as Franz Joseph Land, suc ceeded in reaching by sledge Cape Fligely, just above the eighty-second parallel, whence land, with water-boles along the Western shore, was visible northward to the eighty-third parallel. Gen. Creely’s Expedition. Lastly, in the expedition under my com mand, Lieut. Lockwood, with Brainard and Christiansen, attained on the Northwest coast of Greenland the highest latitude ever reached by man either on land or sea. From Lock- wood Island they looked northward along a coast which y et continued to trend to the Northeast and saw the sharp outlines of Cape Washington, which is situated within 390 miles of the geographical pole. It follows, then, that land at or beyond the eighty third parallel has been trod or seen within 400 miles of the geographical pole at two nearly opposite points of the arctic circle, and the question recurs whether it is yet pos sible for the inteivening space to be passed over by man, provided the expedition is ably commanded, the parties well equipped and a sufficient number of supporting sledges fur nished. I? the difficulties of food and travel were the only objections, my answer would be yes; for, although my own party did not suc ceed in reaching the goal, their failure must be attributed to a great extent to the fact that the Lady Franklin Bay expedition was planned and organized in the interest of scientific ob servations, and not for the purpose of geo graphical explorations, which latter must be quite barren of valuable results. Had the ex pedition been properly fitted out for exploration alone—had money and time been available for its commander to select his sledges, purchase his dogs and make arrangements for all travel ing devices known to arctic sledgemen in the interest of his exploring work, the writer doubts not that Lieut. Lockwood and his hardy companions, instead of stopping at 80 24m, would have passed to the nortnward until the eighty-fifth parallel had been crossed or the coast of Greenland rounded. Beyond the eighty-fifth parallel it would still be a question of tried, determined men and a favoraole sea son, such as favored Lockwood in 1882, for a storm in 1880 turned his party backward when starting under more favorable circumstances than in the previous year. But even despite the open sea at Black Horn Cliffs the eighty fifth parallel wonld have undoubtedly been reached by the American expedition of 1881 had its work been strictly geographical, for in snch case tbe commander aud a dozen men would have landed by preference, not on Grin- nell Land, but on the Greenland coast near Thank God Harbor, whence it would have been possible during the fall of 1881 aud the early spring of 1882 to plant appropriate sup plies at either Cape Bryant or Cape May, or still further to the northward on Cape Brittan- nia Land. Such autumn depots would have iDtured a party reaching the eighty-sixth or eighty seventh parallel of latitude without any insuperable difficulty, even had land failed them at the eighty fifth. Under favorable con ditions such as possibly occurred in that year (1882) the party could have attained the pole itself, provided that the spot where latitude attains it? maximum and longitude ceases to exist is situated on the frozen sea or is a bit of iceless land. These conditions, however, are by no means certain, and in the opinion oi the writer, until Aerial Navigation is Successful, it will never be the fortune of man to place foot upon the north geographical polo. This opinion is not based upon a mere surmise, but rather on scientific grounds resting on deduc tions drawn from the prevalence «f floebtrgs near the pole and the character of the ice in tho sea to the northward of Grinnell Land. It is a matter of littie doubt that the South Polar regions contain a land of vast extent, from which slowly increasing layers of falling snow gradually send forth from its centr?.l plateaus the enormous flu-top icebergs of the south. The manner in which southern ice forms has been clearly set forth by the late Dr. Carpenter in an article entitled “The Deep Sea and its Contents,” which was published in a magazine some years since, in the Nine teenth Century I believe. The result of observations in the Arctic Sea led me to believe that the so-called paieocrys- tic ice of Nares was nothing but the fist-topped icebergs of the south, an opinion which was confirmed almost to a certainty when in Kane’s Sea, while making the famous boat journey to Sabine, I found on an enormous flat-topped floeberg of the famous paleocrystic ice a couple of medial moraines formed of large rocks dragged down by the uniting glacier from the adjacent cliffs in such manner as any traveler can now see in the Alps. This proved conclusively that this ice of enormous extent and of a thousand feet or so in thickness, which the southernly running current of Kane Sea shows must come from the north, is simply a detachment from the ice-cap of a considerable land, which must be in the vicinity of the North Pole, since ice of this character fills the frozen eea to the north ward of Griunell Land The land from which ice of such an enormous extent must flow can only be one of very considerable extent, and the fact that the lines of strati fcation in these fl >ebergs are invariably parallel and regular shows conclusively that the land is practically level. If then we have reason to suppose that the North Pole is simply an ice capped land, it is certain that the foot of man can never press it. If it is not ice-capped, then it is within the range of possibility or probability that the next century will see the outlines of that unknown region clearly defined upon the maps of the world. It only needs the same degree of advance until the end of 1950 that has been made from 1850 to the present day, to insure this desired result, but which, if obtained, would be of doubtful value. Science may profit in a way, that is, it may add a little to the enormous sum of human knowledge by telling us whether it is possible that life bagan at the North Pole, or at the Garden of Eden—in other words the point at which human life first began, could really have been at that or some neighboring spot. Certainly we know that at some adja cent region pushed southward along the merid ians of longitude, certain plants and birds of which great naturalists tell us could not have reached their present locality otherwise than by foci of origin near the Pole. The discovery of coal in Grinnell Land, where it proved to be not a mere vein, but general in its distribution, and the accompa nying fossils of plants and animals each show that a temperature sub-tropical, if not tropi cal, existed in that part of the world centuries ago and leads to the suggestion of theories and opinions which I refrain from as being in no manner competent to discuss. A. W. Greelt. HOUSTON’S EVENTFUL LIFE. A Storv of Self-Sacrificing Patriotism. In the year of 1829, Arkansas Territory was visited by a nobler refugee than commonly came to its seclusion. A voluntary exile from the Executive Mansion of Tennessee, followed by the fury of a political press, and that pub lic, full of uncharitable interpretation which believed the worst, Sam Houston resolved that the sun should forever shine upon his back, and the East be forgotten in the misery of his spirit. A Governor, elected at the age of thirty-four, by 12 000 majority, he had proved the reverse of the couplet: Art hath no charity for him Whom love hath satisfied. He had married a young lady, and, after three months of living together, they separa ted. The reasons, neither ever gave. All rushed forward with a reason, and that the basest; but none guessed the shortest one; that the woman did not love him. Like Hester Prynne, implored by the preacher, in public, to tell the name of her betrayer, when the preacher himself was that, it may be said over Sam Houston: “He would not speak! Won drous strength and generosity of tbe man’s heart. He would not speak! Ho resigned his of fice, bowed his head, and in the splendor of a young career,departed for the desert. He landed at the mouth of the White river, and ascended the Arkansas to Little Rock, but not to tarry and take root again in public station; for ap prehending this, the political papers even there defamed him. Many years before, he had been adopted into a Cherokee tribe, and he had come to claim its sympathy and brother hood. Four hundred miles by land and water he pushed up towards the Falls of the Arkan sas and his father, Oolookets, the Chief, has tened likewise to approach him. The young Governor of Tennessee stood before the sav age, and was greeted by his Indian name: “Colennah,” said the Chief, “you have be come a great Chief among your people. You have suffered there, and have turned your thoughts to my wigwam. I am glad of it. It was done by the Great Spirit.” For a little space, Houston relapsed into the Indian's own drunken and maudlin sorrow. His strong nature revived again, and he be came the Indian champion at Washington, and the scourge of the swindling agents and trad ere who imposed upon them. They revived at this capital all the slanders of Tennessee, hut his soars had healed, and would not bleed anew. At last, an Ohie Congressman slan dered Andrew Jackson, whom Houston re vered. Then there was an affray on the ave nue, and nearly simultaneously breaches of the Congressman’s bead and of the “privileges of the House.” For this offense they tried the man of n-.isfortune on the floor, in Police Court, and wherever he could be dragged; but he compelled a verdict of character at the hands of the very cock-sparrow who had de famed him. Then shaking the dust of Wash ington from his feet, he returned to the wiids of Arkansas, and read Horace till the beauty of life and career were born again, and, with a refreshed spirit, he saw his opportunity in Tex as. To that great new State he became deliv erer aud President, and, with magnanimous patriotism, he led the conquest to the capital and the nation which had cast him off. To Celebrate the Federal Centennial. A meeting in favor of the centennial celebra tion in 1886 at the establishment of the United States Government will be held at the Fifth Avenue Hotel next Thursday evening. The fi-Rt Congress assembled in this ciiy in April, 1789, and Washington took the oath of office as the first President on April 30 It is Be lieved mat if the celebration is to be worthy of the subject and the city there should be some immediate organization to make necessary ar rangements. The meeting on Thursday even ing is for this purpose, and among those who favor tbe undertaking are: Algernon S. Sul livan, Richard A. McCurdy, A. D. Juillard, John King, Elbridee T. G-rry, Joseph H Choate, John A. Stewart, Levi P. Morton, Chauncey M. Depew, J. J Astor, F P. Oicott, ■J. Pierpont Morgan, Edward S Jeffrey. Wil liam H. Apoietou, John Chaffin, J. Edward Simmons, Henry Villard, S. V. White, John Newton, Charles J. Cauda, Edward Cooper, Elliott F. Shepard, Daniel Manning, George F. Baker. James D. Smith, Brayton Ives, Cor elius N. B.iss, William Alien Burler, F. R. Coulert, Franklin Edson, Gustav Schwab, Horace Porter, D. Huntington, Thomas L James and Thomas C. Astor, of this city, and Richard S. Storrs, Henry E. Pierre pout, Rip ley Ropes, A. A. Low, Henry W. Maxwell and A. E Orr, of Brooklyn. The Plan of Distribution. How the 2,000 Presents will be Dis tributed Among the Subscribers. Every one who subscribes or renews orsends in a new subscriber for one year, before the 14th day of January next, will have his or her name and post-office written on a small, thick card or tag, which will be dropped into a sealed box. If you send in only your own subscrip tion, your name will go in the box once. If you send your own and another subscription, your name will go in twice and the new sub scriber’s name once. If you send in five names, your name goes in five times on separate cards and each of the five names go in once. If you send ten names, your name goes in en ten tags, and so on to any number. This privilege is extended to every one ex cept the regular traveling canvassers. But every name which they send in, for odb year, will go in. All local agents will have their names put in once for every subscriber they send, and will be allowed their regular commissions be sides. But no commissions are allowed on dub rates. On the 14th day of January a disinterested committee of three will shake up this sealed box thoroughly, when an opening will be made and a little boy or girl will put his or her hand in and take out one card, or tag, and the per son whose name is on it will receive §100 in gold. Another card will be drawn out, and that person will receive §50 in gold. The next five names drawn out will receive §10 each in gold. The next five names will receive each $5 in gold, and so on till the splendid list of presents on the preceding page shall have been exhausted, and in the order named. CLUB BATES. We would like to have a good club from eveiy locality and have fixed an exceedingly low rate as follows: One subscription i year $2.00 Five subscrip s 1 year, each 1.75 Ten “ “ “ 1.60 Twenty “ “ «« I-5G All the names and the money must be sent in at the same time, but after a club has been sent in, any number of names may be added to it at the same price. For a club of 6 new subscrib ers at $2 each an extra copy will be sent free for one year to the one sending the club. 8@“See the suggestion in sup plement for sewing machine clubs which will make it easy for every one to secure a splendid sewing machine. Every name whether single or in clubs will go in the box. Send money by post-office or der, postal note, registered letter, check or by express. Sir No commission will be al lowed on club rates. JBSP^Send for sample copies, re ceipts, subscription blanks, etc. Address the Sunny South, or J. H. SEALS & CO., Atlanta, Ga.
