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Weekly constitutionalist.
Ii Y JAMES GARDN Vll.
From the Sutlonal IntcO fence r.
Recollection** ot the Civil TTistcrs’Of
lac War oi 1812.
BY A COStEMPO n A It Y .
What first. «crioiwly suggested to the public
mind the probability, or even the possibility, of
the Cm ted States becoming engaged in hostilities
with Great Britain, was an incident which de
veloped a settled purpose on the part of that
power, then claiming the sovereignty of the seas,
to employ her naval strength nor only in contiicr
with her wonted and ancient European adversa
ries, bu r also in enforcing a systematic proscrip
tion of the freedom of the seas to all neutral dags,
including of course that of the United States,
and asserting the right of impressment f'tom neu
tral vessels, as well National as private, of all Sta
iner. claimed to be of British birth. The incident
alluded to was the unprovoked and altogether
lawless and wanton assault, on the 22d oi June,
I*d7, oft' the Capes ot Virginia, by the British
frigate Leopard on the United States frigate Chesa
peake, by which a number of the seamen of the
latter were killed and wounded, and several of
the remainder forcibly taken from her decks on
the plea ot* their being Englishmen ; after accom
plishing which purpose the Leopard rejoined the j
squadron of heavy armed British vessel's lying at ,
anchor in Hampton Roads, from which she had i
the moment before parted.
The outrage thus perpetrated, within the waters
of Virginia, was itself an act of war, and w-ui'.J |
have justified the m> aiitaneous tndicti >:i -»fa s:g- ;
nal retribution. Had Fulton’s invention of the
torpedo . a projected means o! sub-marine ex'd> |
sion, iu which Mr. Jefferson, about that time, plac
ed more faith than the issue of the experiment
justified) been a success, instead of a failure, the
occasion would certainly have warranted its em
ployment. But, as far as regarded th * condition
of our few vessels of war for active service, it may
be assumed that the entire effective naval force of
the country at that time, had it been concentrated
in Hampton Hoads, would not have been adequate
to the task ot expeling thoe hostile invaders from
their defiant attitude wiuiin ti . waters of the Uni
ted States,
The intense excitement and resentment which
pervaded the minds of tue people throughout the
country, wherever the news of this encounter
spread, may be readily comprehended. It was a>
much jus the Administration and Us friends could
do, dv the sage expedients it employed for the pur
pose, to calm down the spirit of the people, amongst
whom, indeed, everything like party feeling, was
merged m indignant and patriotic sentiment.
Nothing would have '■ .u . -:v. r, justly remark?
the historian of Mr. Jefferson,) than for the Presi
dent to improve the pivster occasion into a war
with Great Britain, if i.c had been at all actuated
by the motives ascribed to him by his opponents,
or if it had not been his settled policy to preserve
Jieace so long as it could be done with* ti: diahonor.
lie determined, therefore, to give Great Britain the
opportunity of disavowal am! repartition, and to do
nothing to pledge or commit the nation to war
rather than to moderate measures of retaliation.”
A stronger just iff cat ibn tl.au this of the course
of the President in this emergency is to be found
iu the fact that the systematic policy of his own
administration hud left him no alternative. But
feted between the heated partisan* m the Republi
can and Federal parties, the navy had, when Mr.
Jefferson attained the Presidency, already lost
some portion of its popularity. One of the first
duties of the new President was to carry into exe
cution an act passed in the last days of the preced
ing administration, directing the*sale ot smaller
vessels of the navy and tue dismantling of the
larger half of the few frigates of v. hicli the navy
was then composed. Nothing loth, he promptly
and dilmentlv dtsch u d thi** du g :
hrnt jrlfTtltlt ictw •vrtim .* y p«n *« *rt*
coming Into office, informed Congress that five of
the seven frigates directed to be lull up liad been
brought and laid up here, (at Washington) where,
lie added—face 1 iously, one would say, if he had
been in the habit of jesting with serious things -
“besides th* »f their"/-* 'ti -. , they are under
the eye of the Executive administration as well as
of Congress,” Ac. Recurring to the subject in
his second annual message, having discovered
that vessels which lie in water uiul are exposed to
its action are inevitably subject to rapid decay, he
proposed to Congress to add to the navy-yard here
a dry-duck, “protected from the sun,” to save them
from their perishing condition—a proposition
which, savs his truthful biographer, was assailed
by hi> political adversaries, m every form of ridi
cule and argument, with such effect that ii seemed
to the people, and was even conceded by the si
lence of Ins friends, to be an impracticable scheme.
The consequence to the Navy of such trilling as
this with that invaluable arm of the public service
was lamentably illustrated in the inability of the
Government to make even an effort to expel the
offending squadron from the waters of the Chesa
peake. Nor was that other description of naval
force, authorized by Congress on the executive re
commendation, in any better light than the Navy
proper—the gun-boat system that would have been
forgotten by this time were it not for the witticisms
and drolleries which it extorted. Whatever use
the wags made of the system, it proved itself in
thi* emergency to be worse than useles for anv
other purpose, fn his annual message m Decem
ber, Is , the President had informed Congress
tha* the gun-boats ordered at the proceeding ses
sion would be “ready for service in t!i<> ensuing
spring.” The vernal season had come and gone,
when ihe President, in a letter to the Governor of
Virginia, concerting means for the common de
fence, after authorizing him to order upon inline- ,
diate duty such portions of the militia «*s he i
thought necessary for the defence of Norfolk, re
ported as follows the condition of the gun-boats
for service: We have, moreover, four gun-boats
hauled up at Hampton, and four others on the .
stocks in Matthews county, which we consider in j
danger;” and the Governor was requested to or
der “such aids of militia to their protection as he 1
might think adequate to their safety! ” This is |
about the last we remember to have heard of the !
“gun-boat svatem.” j
It wanted only the last trait to complete the pic- i
tureot the lamentable helplessness t<- which, for
anv purpose of maritime defence, the Administra
tion nan, nut designedly, of course, but inevitably ‘
reduced the country.
Under the actual ciicumstances in which the
Government found itself, os we hare briefly sketch- ,
ed them, the coarse pursued by the Executive was }
certainly tl- only one within its power.
On the lid of July, accordingly, the President I
issued his proclamation, in which, after reciting I
the outrage, he interdicted 4.11 armed vessels bear- j
ing British commissions from the harbors and wa- j
ters of the United States; all officers, both civil ;
and militarv, being called upon to aid in execu
ting these orders. Besides the large body of miii- j
tia,~ already detailed for the protection of Norfolk, j
one hundred thousand men in the several States :
were required to hold themselves in readiness un- j
der the authority of a law passed at the preceding
•session of Congress. An armed vessel was dis- i
natebed with instructions to the American Minis- j
"ter in London t-»aak of the British Governor satis
diction fur the injury received and-cecurity for the
future. On the SOtE of July—more than a month
Lfter the outrageous assault upon the Chesapeake,
Congress was required to assemble an the*26th of
October following, being three months from the
date of the summons, zndfjur month* in all after
lie esetting cause of it.
TLeee several measures, and the procrastination !
of the appeal in this emergency to the sentiment of :
the Representative Branch of the Government,
must be regarded as conclusive proof that War,
even in the distance, was nor witnin the coatem
plation of the President or his official advisers.
Nothing could be more unjust, to him especially,
than the imputations made by his political adver
saries to the contrary.
The circumstance which left the premeditated
onslaught on the American frigate without the pos-
Ability of justification, was the fact of its being
perpetrated whilst the two nations were not only
on terms of professed amity, but had been for some
time engaged in negotiations having for their ob- -
ject th* continuation and perpetuation of friendly |
relations between the two countries. How little j
the people or Government of the United |States j
were calculating upon such an act of violence may j
be inferred from the language of the annual Exec- ; 1
uiiv* message to Congress at the opening ot its |
session on the Uof December preceding : ” I have
th* satisfaction to inform you, said the President, j
"that the negotiation between the United Mates |
and the Government of is proceeding 1
in a spirit <»i friendship and accommodation which |
prom"*- > -Mi’t of mutual advantage,” A-. The ■
-.ij wont on in the same spirit until, not
wifliS’andina the intervening death of Charles i
James' Fox,' {the Minister charged with the nego
t: i*ion'* ;t ti .>:ity was concluded on the Cist of i>c- I
ccmter’and forwarded to the United States sous
t > reach the President’s hands on the day before
die adjournment ot Congress on tue third of
March. D 7. , , , , , .
Thi< treat v, concluded after long and laborious
,V ■ 1i k -
nev. the American Ministers, and being, as they
assured''the Executive, the most advantageous for
the United Mates that could possibly be had, was
most uni£r. v c:ous!y received by the* President on
its arriv-I* it Washington. Though i: reached this
C! ;v mu:.c t > have been transmitted to the Senate
and acte i poti by that body, (by prolonging, if
necessary, the continuance ot its sitting beyond
;h ! - a>hitivesessi *i» of Con
gress,) the President took the responsibility of <t\- j
7*. ni/iy to b ; n v of tl > . it* : and |
so struck *.:• treaty d ad !
Though 'hat Convention, signed by the appoint- |
ed ne_ ::.v ~ »l b*-:U parties, might have been in j
• some particulars-.sty exceptionable, and especial
ly in that was accompanied by a note from the
i British Mims •:>. by which their Government re-
J served the right of releasing itseif from the stipu
■ latious iu !av.*r of neutral rights if the United
j states should submit to the" Berlin decree (of!
j France 1 , or other invasions of these rights by the
Govern n *n; ■ f France : yet there is away of doing
Jain ." ' s ing Its
in bad, determines tiie character of the actions as
well of Governments as of men. In the instance
before ns, the reader will perhaps agree with us,
t was due ns well to the uiguity of our own coun
try as to that courtesy which ought ever to distin
guish international intercourse, if it was not also
required by the spirit of the Constitution of the
United States, that this treaty should have been
laid before the Senate for its consideration before
being summarily rejected by the President. Being
so submitted t o*that Jjody,* if by it disapproved,
the fact mi gut. without any sacrifice of principle,
have been made known to the British Government
in a more respectful n..inner than it was.
For the attack up n the unwarned vessel of the
United States by the full-armed British frigate in
our own waters after having lain in wait for her
for several days with a squadron of other heavy
armed ship* we repeat, as we have already inti
li neither excuse nor palliation.
Vet, lo< Vug back upon the antecedents of that bar
barous act. the mind is forced involuntarily to con
nect it with the augry feel tug which may not im-l
probably have b en excited in the breasts of the j
British ’Mini* - if not iu that of the aged King |
hiirself, by the ontemptuous rejection of a treaty
which this government had not only proposed, but j
which its MiuSiers to London such men as James j
i Monroe ami \Y kiatn Pinkney.) had. at the instance j
of this .j' \*o* r.ment, pruseeuwd with the most as
siduous : ,»al f r several months, until, in procuring
the consent of tin- Briusli Government to the
measure, *kev achieved u success they had hardly
hoped f ;.
Such, indeed, seems to have been the impres
sion of tbv intelligent friend of President Jef
ferson, profpssv r Tucker, of Virginia,) who,
in his “ Lite of Jefferson,” thus alludes to
the circumstuir’e: “From tiie moment it was
understood’the* the President did not mean to
ratify tl t atyna tdeby Messrs. Monroe and Pink
ney, commerce and shipping mv/> inodv V* feel iu*
' mi ml itfe- .-.inn ■>! *.J Great JirtUih* nn>r< ft\ 'juentiy
and r« e'e ■ ' ■ • until at length it was ex
hibited in an exertion of power i in the attack on
the Che.stpeuk .» which electrified the country to
■> .>». i!i Lviiiaou,
i expecting the ratiffuue n cf the Treaty, were al
most as iimch woundeii by the rejection of it us
the Government of Great Britain is supposed to
have been.
The objection considered insuperable by Mr.
Jefferson against the treaty—that it included no
provision against impressment—wasnota sufficient
reason lor its peremptory rejection by this Govern
ment. It might with propriety have been submit
ted to the Senate, and also ratified by that body
• and bv the President; leaving the desired nrovi
-1 sion against impressment to form the ground of fu
ture negotiations. The Senate might even here
<u,i' ruled the treaty so us to conform it to their
views, as they did on a late occasion, in regard to
a treaty with the same nation. Nothing worse
j could have resulted from such a course than lias
i resulted in the case just referred to. The treaty
would probably have fallen through, and the ne
gotiators would in all likelihood have set them
i selves to work to frame a new one.
Mr. Jefferson, however, not realizing the hazard
to which he had, by repudiating the treaty, expos
ed the commerce and even the peace of tiie coun
try, instructed our Ministers at London to renew
the negotiations with the new Ministry, in view of
obtaining a better treaty than the one which he had
refused to sanction. This, as the reader will read
ily believe, could not be a very promising under
taking on their pert.
j During the time that the rejected treaty was on
i its passage to and fro across tue Atlantic, a change
of the British Ministry had taken place, and Mr.
| Canning had become the Secretary of foreign as
! fairs. That change was fatal to the idea of obtain
ing any better treaty than the one v. 1 ich Mr. J« f
j ferson had rejected. “In the interviews which the
I American Ministers liad with Mr. Canning after
i the President’s rejection of the treat v reached Eng
: land (savs Mr. Tucker) it soon appeared that there
i was little probability of more successful negotiu
i lion: and from a view of the diplomatic eurivs
ponacncc between the two nations, we can hardly
j suppose their differences would have been adjusted
if subsequent occurrences bad not presented new
j obstacles to such au adjustment.”
j After these premonitions of the state of feeling
I existing in the British government it is more than
j remarkable—it is indeed marvellous—with what j
I equanimity and placid it jr the Executive members
! ut this Government awaited the course of events,
i One half of the Cabinet ministers were absent on
i journeys of business or recreation when the news
! of the'affair of the Chesapeake reached the seat ot
Government, and ihe President appears to have !
j had for his sole aid and counsel in this emergency j
; the ever faithful Mu.di.-or:. We may well imagine j
the astonishment with which the news was receiv- !
j ed. The President himself, in his message to the j
j called Congress, introducing the event of the day, j
j gives the best idea of the state of mind in which
! he and his Cabinet councillors received the tidings j
!of it. We quote from it: “The question whether
j a treaty should be accepted in that form could have
I admitted but one decision, even had no declara
! tions of the other party impaired our confidence
in it. Still, anxious no: to close the door against
i friendly adjustment, new modifications were fram
ed,” Ac,, “and our Ministers were instructed to
resume their negotiations on these grounds. On
! this new reference to amicaUe discussion we were re
posing in confidence, when, on the twenty-second
! day of June last,” Ac., Ac.
! Obedient to the last instructions of their govern
ment, the ministers of the United States at Lou
den did address, on the 24th of July, to Mr. Can
ning a note proposing a renewal of the negotia
tion, and stating the principles upon which, in
that negotiation, they were required by their gov
ernment to insi-ar ; the first of which was in these
terms: “’Without a provision against impress
ments, substantiiUly such as is contemplated in
! vour original instructions, no treaty is to be con
cluded.”
To this note—the affair of the Chesapeake inter
vening—no reply was received until the 22d of
October, when, in a note to the United States min
isters, Mr. Canning * protested, in behalf of hk
government, against a practice altogether unusual
m the political transactions of States, by which ,
the American government assumes to itself the !
privilege of revising and altering agreements con
cluded and signed on its behalf by its agents dulv ;
authorized for that purpose; of retaining so much }
of those agreements as may be favorable to its own ;
! views, and of rejecting such stipulations, or such t
I parts of stipulations, as are conceived to be not (
: sufficiently beneficial to America.” He therefore t
I informs the American ministers that the proposal t
-for proceeding to negotiate anew upon the basis
j of a treaty already solemnly|concluded and signed,
i is wholly inadmissable.” # (
However, the Government of the United .States (
i may have regretted or even resented this determi- .
I nation on the part of the British Cabinet, it could
! kardlv h&ve controverted the principle of the pro- c
A.TJG-TJBTA, GA., WEDNESDAY, JUNE 17, 1857.
| test upon which it was founded. Bo shat as it may, ’
! the note of the British Socretarvof Foreign Affairs : <
j put an end, of course, to any further negotiation Is
on the subject. • 1
I No material change took place in the position of • i
| things, within or without the borders of the United i?
States, from the date of the President’s first pro- |;
clamation up to the meeting of Congress on the s
2ftth of October ‘following: the British squadron <
remaining all the while within the waters of the 1
United States, in defiance of the authority of this :
Government.
Bank of Coli mui s.— We have been informed h
that the stockholders of the Bank of Columbus, at; 1
a meeting on Sattirdav last, Cth instant, determiu- j <
ed to increase the capital stock fiftyfper cent. The j j
success of the Bank, thus far, has exceeded the h
most sanguine expectations of its projectors and ; •
friends. The difficulties apprehended by many, j,
us being peculiar to its location, have been found j <
to be imaginary; and instead of a constant drain
S of its coin, and' the return of its issues as fast as |
I made, its circulation lias proved to be equal, rela- j.
lively, to any of the older banks. Its ordinary j
; quantity -f coin has been found to exceed all do-1
mands tor it, and but recently as much as $ PVVO ’
or v ’ have been sent to Savannah for the pur- j
chase of Exchange. A great deal of successtul |
opposition was anticipated by some, from the
agencies established here, and that their interests i
would be in constant antagonism; but facts have |
not established the danger. A portion only, and |
that a small portion, of the large field of western j
Georgia and eastern Alabama can be occupied by
our local banks, and the balance of the field can
not be better, or with more propriety, supplied
than with other Georgia btuiks.
Odambus Enquirer, June 11.
Times Ahkap—Signs of an Impending
! . The X. Y. Z&ru W sounds the alarumote of j
an impending crash. The data upon which the Her*
aid jtoimds its belief is stated iu the following ar
ticle :
Day by day the signs are thickening around us
of an impending crash, financial and commercial,
which will shake the country from its centre to its |
circumference like an earthquake. Among other i
tilings, we perceive that owing to the increased j
prices of provisions, and especially of sugar and
tea, our principal hotels are about raising tlieir
standard charge from two and n half to three dollars
daj* and that in our restaurants and eating saloons
a c< ••■responding increase of prices may be expected.
At the same time we are informed that in Michigan
(and in other places,the lastiweshomd think of,) the
{people are starving foi lack of bread. At the
I same time a spirit of land speculation, amounting
’ to a morus tnulticaulis or South bubble, has
I seized hold of the people of the West, and they
I are all in for it, tip to tlieir necks. At the same
| time an aggregate of perhaps not loss than ten
S millions' of dollars is involved in the building at
tiii* moment, of splendid churches, stores, and
resiliences iu this city; and how many millions
during the summer will be exp?mW in Paris' fur
niture, finery, and •’ •' •«, <'., and European excur
sions, it is impossible to conjecture.
I,o; it suffice that in all these, and in various
other signs of these ominous times, we have the
same symptoms, only on a much grander scale, of
, an impending crash, ns were furnished in the
warnings of of the terrible revulsion and
bankruptcy, and demoralization, misery and ruin
of lb-7. It was the bank inflation and panel - cur
renov system of tho former period, and tue wild
, and reckless moonshine speculations and ext rave ’
gancos which this system engendered, that wo,-k
--ed cut the grand collu t se of 1v".7.l v ".7. This time iluri
, i gold of California and Australia, an* 4 th- lour otvE
Ua - ' .id, i•omiiiefciubonk and credit **l * -tine!>j
! of nil Inn.lf. will mm ~«r«|y „»» lii*. S.il..*J tlllllg, [*i
i proportion to the tremendous st*Uc u * i.a.r,*lv •<!.
, Pay day must come. It must come, as tn im7.j
with it general crash. It will com •to
and thousands when least prepared for it. Pru-1
dent men will take in sail and keep near shore, i
It is a tornado that is gathering in the horizon.
W iikn Does Wool Grow?—l answer, when it is
wanted to cover the sheep and keep it warm. From
the time the sheep is sheared until the frost conies
you can see the shape of every clip of the shears;
when the trust and cold weather come, it grows
out immediately. Now, if you wish for a heavy
clip, feed when the wool is growing. If you have
any extra feed, then is the time to use it. The
wool draws very hard upon the carcass, and grow
ing out fast deceives almost everv farmer. They
think their sheep are doing well when they are
growing poor. 1 can make an additional pound
of wool with one bushel of corn, and my sheep
will afterwards winter one bushel of corn easier.
Let your sheep get poor while the wool is grow
ing, and you cannot recruit them until the next
summer.— d. /). Chamberlain, in Genesee Farmer,
Destri ctive Hail Storm.—A portion of Lan
caster, Kershaw, and Sumter districts, was visited
on Friday afternoon last, by a most destructive
hail storm, commencing above Russell Place, in
Lancaster, and extending in a South-easterly di
rection, as far as in Sumter, its
width varying, as we hear, from two to six miles.
, In many places it drifted to depth of from tine to
. j three feet; some of the ice missiles measuring
uii.* inches in circumference, and many a- large
jas htn eggs. The destruction t>f crops maybe
| imagined; many wheat fields have been totally
j destroyed, and the corn and cotton very badly in
jured. trees stripped of their foliage ana all veget
, J attoji lying in its track vastly injured.
Camden Journal .
] The Crops —A letter to the editors of this pa
per on business, from an intelligent and skilful
planter of the vicinity of Auburn, Macon county,
Alabama, dated June 6th, says :
“ The cotton crop throughout this entire region
is the poorest that was ever known. Ju fact, it is
already a failure from several causes—poor stands,
unusually small and grassy condition of the plant,
and on the sandy lands it is still dying. With the
most propitious seasons we cannot, in the upper
part of Macon, make more than half a crop. Corn
twit - Isons,will da. Wheat,
j and Oats uncommonly line.
oAumbuß Sun, June ( J,
Profits of Southern Manufactories. —The
j stockholders of the Planters’ Factory of Alabama
have just received a dividend of fourteen per
j cent, upon their investment, being the second
dividend of fourteen per cent, which this estab
lishment has declared in the sixteen months that it
has been in existence.
“The above,” says the Montgomery J fail, “is a
paying dividend. All cotton and mixed cloth
manfactories in this State, managed with ordi
nary skill, have been successful. The mills at Tal
lahassee have paid at times nearly equal to the
above.”
Singular Effects of Electricity.—A singular
occurrence took place a short time since ut the Lo
comotive works, illustrating the powerful effects of
electricity. A locomotive was being moved from
t&e manufactory to the Central depot, had ar
rived in the middle of the street, when suddenly
all hands dropped the bars with which they were
moving the machine, and fell back in amazement.
Resuming them at the order of the man in charge,
they .applied them again to the wheels, and again
fell back paralyzed the instant they touched the
iron. The director of the job caught up one of the
bars, and making a savage thrust, planted it un
der a wheel, preparatory to giving a huge lift. No
sooner Lad it touched, however, than he saw it full
from his .grasp to the ground, as it had done in
every case before. Such singular occurrences ex
cited atte&lion, and an examination was made as
m the cause, when it was found that the locomo
tive, in passing under the telegraph line, had come
in contact wilfi a broken wire that hung sufficient
ly low to reach it. The whole muss ot iron com
posing the locomotive had thus become charged
with electricity, which had communicated itself to
the bars that the men held in their hands, and
caused the effect above described. The wire was
then removed, mid the difficulty obviated in a mo
ment. —Detroit free Dress.
♦
• The wheat crop m Baldwin is unusually fine. '
Our reports from all sections of tiie State indi- !
cate the present wheal crop to be large ami verv
superior. * J i
li. C. Canuthers, Judge of Ordinary of Pulaski
county is dead •—Federal'Union, * Ii
How to Disperse a Crowd. —At Chicago a few |
days s uce a large crowd assembled at the jail to j
see a man hung, notwithstanding the announce
ment in the morning papers that the execution
would not “come oft’,’ in consequence of a super
sede as issued by the supreme court; the announce
ment being regarded as hoax. After waiting for
sometime, the crowd got impatieut, and some de
clared that the man should be hung in spite of the
Mayor or the Sheriff* When the excitement was
at its height, the health officer backed the pest
! wagon up to the jail door, and took a man into it
ana drove off*. The idea seized the multitude that
| the prisoner was being taken away, and off
tbey started in pursuit. The health officer drove i
! “ff in the direction of the prairie, but before reach
! iflg it stopped, and his passenger got out and en
l tered a house. It needed but a word about “small
I pax” to send the crowd back—and thus ended one
i of the most exciting scenes ever witnessed in Chi
• cago.
! Honor to our Firemen. —We are gratified to
leaqii that our fellow-townsman, Frederick Baxter,
j Esq., has been elected an honorary member of the
, and Vigilant Fire Companies of Charles
i ton, amt also an honorary member of the Mechanic j
, Independent and the Vigilant Fire Companies of
Augusta. Capt. Baxter i< an ardent anti zealous
I fireman, and personally deserves this high com
| pliment for his devotion to duty. But taking into
' view the fact that these qualities have pointed
! -dA &wt as the head of our Fire Department, we
j presume the compliment was intended to be rc
j fleeted upon the entire body of our gallant Fire
Companies.
We: doubt not the sentiment of our Firemen
; will find fraitruul expression in conferring a like
I h-mor upon the Chiefs of the Fire Departments of
i those two cities, if, indeed, it has not already been
j d*>n(y—J/- mphis Bulletin.
i ft
Carolina College.— The Board of Trus
ices jt*f the South Carolina College at their meet
j iugflperday, passed resolutions, as wo undcr
i vmr.dj,entitylv exonerating President McCuy, from
all against Ins character, and expr
ajj tpfir complete confidence in his honor.and in
• < rnw. A resolution of similar import waspass-
I etw*.i relation to the Professors.
learn, that they requested the iin
menftte resignation of the President and all of the
PrafiSfcsors, with a view to prompt re-organization
Faculty. The re-organization was proba- t
bljj apted on at a late hour last nigh. 1 . We have
i aiN! statements made as to the probable action
of but we do not feel at liberty to
them public, or to anticipate their action. |
Odundua Turns, June 12.
Gk.W Walkee at Panama.— ln reference to a
v which appeared in the New Orleans pa
pers days ago, stating that Gen. Walker
' a' kspt a prisoner by the United States Conimo
• d*r§ ‘cm hi* arrival at Panama, we have been in
1 •tMfcdof the grounds on which this report was
fiasrfj. A late edict of the New Granadian Gov
'riyjeiU imposes a fine upon rmrtiesjanding “lilli
• I in the Country; and it was in obedience
‘ Jbjjmmply, that he did not land at once
'Ss his shift 1 . We are assured, however, that as
P-tjHftthtfelSrfeorities and the people of Panama
! | tlte General was treated with cour-
The Governor is stated to
• • a| ;•"(! him to \isit tin city ; and
yeccived him with enthusiasm as
? i Smith and General
■ for Congres . at Marion,
is jftst now being manifested in a
iT!>r*ti *h frdrri x MeuiphisiyiXrharlr-st<»n railroad
’• connect
4B|
attendrtner-. •
I The ladies of Marion have lately presented How
1 ard College with a telescope which is exceeded by
the telescopes of only eight colleges in the United
States.
California Overland Route. —The proposals
for carrying the California mail, overland, have
been opened at the Post Office Department, and
i are eight in number. The bidders are from Cali
i ! forma, St. Louis, other parts of the West, and New
Vork. The Postmaster General is of opinion that
lie will not be able to make up a decision on the
matter in less than ten days ; in fact, he will proba
> bly submit the question to the cabinet tor consid
-1 cration, as it is necessary not only to determine
• which is the lowest bid, but also which is the best
, route.— Washington City Stub s.
Comparative Speed of Horses and Oxen. —A
. bet was made some tune ago between two farmers
* in France, about the spfced of horses and oxen,
■ | with the same load the same distance; the dis-
I ! tance traveled was twenty-three kilometers, (about
• ; twelve miles;) a four-horse team was put to a
i wagon loaded with about ten thousand pounds of
• i beet-root pulp. The oxen were two yoke, with
> [the same load. The horses beat them only seven
! minutes, and would themselves have been beaten
• i had they not been thp best in the country. Time,
r , | Sh. 6m.: 3h. 13m.
• | Dinner House at Mili.kn.— We omitted to make
• our acknowledgements to our old friend, Bob
• Gray, for the excellent dinner furnished, at a min
- ute’s warning, tu the passengers on the extra train
in which we returned from Macon on Friday eve
ning. Travellers on the Central road need not be
told that a good meal is always to be had in his
■ house at the regular hour, but every one does not
• know that he is a minute-man on extra occasions.
• If you have time to indulge a good appetite, miss
the' train, lose your baggage, do any thing, but
1 never miss a dinner at Gray s.
1 Savannah jVews, June
; Prpbably the greatest leap on record was made
! at the Helena Shot Tower, Wisconsin, some time
ago. A horse, twelve years old, jumped from the
bank over a perpendicular precipice of one lan
-1 dred and eighty feet into the river below, and came
out safe and sound, after swimming nearly hull a
mile io a suitable landing place. The water at the
point where the leap was made was from twenty
to twenty-five feet deep.
Wind and Hail Stop.m.— A portion of our coun- 1
ty was visited on Friday last*by a vere severe hail
storm. Hail stones as large as guinea eggs fell
in some places, doing great damage to the wheat i
crops over which it passed ; we are glad to learn
that but few farms were injured by it.
Marietta Democrat , June 11.
Crops.— The accounts we have from the farmers
in this section, are extremely encouraging for the
wheat crop. If no disaster comes upon it, Chero
kee Georgia will make the heaviest wheat cron
ever made. Corn and cotton looks well, although
a little backward.— CassviUe Standard , June 11,
Death of Gen. Allen Lawhon. — I This gentle
man, long a prominent and infiuenti&l citizen of
Cherokee county, died at his residence on Friday
last, of cramp cholic.
Gen. Lawhon was a most estimable citizen, and
leaves hundreds of friends to mourn his loss.
Marietta Democrat , June 11.
The editor of the New Vork Mirror, in an obit
uary notice of the Hon. James Bell, of New Hamp
shire, says he was “a lawer by profession, and an
honest man in practice.”
Boston, June 2.— At last- midnight fire broke
out iu Chelsea, consuming nineteen houses, mostly
occupied by private families. The buildings were
valued at $3,200 each, and were nearly all owned
by George W. Gerrish, Esq.
Ladies Wanted. —Ladies are wanted out West.
The recent census of St. Louis shows a disparity in
the sexes of nearly seven thousand in favor of males, j
! By the census of' lowa, the males are in a majority j
!by nearly thirty thousand. Other States are also j
) calling for reinforcements of the fair sex.
i Providence, R. 1.. June s.—The American divi-j
sion <»f the Sons of Tempi ranee were publicly re- !
ceived at Howard Hail this afternoon by G<ye'rnor j
I)ver and Mayor Smith. The division comprises I
| representatives front nearly every State. • I
! Cotton Rot.— We were shown yesterday, by a
! planter, a number of stalks of tile cotton plant,
somewhat younger than the average of the plant
at this time, every stalk of which had either lost,
or was losing the" tap root from rot. Otherwise, j
the plants give evidence of health and vigor. On •
conversing with planters, we hear similar com
plaints from many. In some instances the rays
of the sun are killing the plant found in this con
dition. That Vhich survives without the tap
root, if it bears at all, its fruit will be very limit
ed in amount, diminutive in size, and inferior in
quality—at least such was our experience in cot
| ton culture. —Columbus San, June
The Democratic Triumph in Minnesota.—Not
withstanding the efforts of the Republicans, their
confident anticipations, and tlieir noisy announce
ment of victory, we believe there is now no doubt
that Minnesota has gone largely for the Democra
cy at the recent Constitutional election : and there
is every prospect that she will come into the
Union with two Democratic United States Sena
tors, and three Democratic Representatives. This
is a blow to those who relied so confidently
on the Republican proclivities of the foreign popu
lation of Minnesota—particularly the Germans—
‘ and insisted on their being allowed to vote in the
Constitutional election, in the hope that their aid
would win the new State for “Fremont and free
dom,” alias Black Republicanism, in InJo.
iV. }'. Jour/oil of Q/m merer.
General Wool’s Sword of Honor. —The sword
prepared by order of Congress for presentation to
Gen. Wool in appreciation of his gallant services
rendered in Mexico, and especially at the battle of
Buena Vista, has been presented to the veteran.
A more beautiful and appropriate compliment than
that conveyed by this testimonial could not have
been bestowed. The blade is thirty one and a
quarter inches long, of the finest cast-steel, and
emblazoned with national devices. Tiie hilt is of
solid gold, and is a specimen of rare workmanship.
The design is an ear of corn, half concealed by the
shuck surrounding it. The upper part is a spread
■ eagle, on tho heart of which is a shield bearing the j
words; “ Buena Vista, February 2*2 and 23,1" 17.” |
Tha eyes of the eagle are diamonds. The cross of j
the hill is the Mexican coat of arms—the serpent j
and cactus—very heavily wrought, the eyes of the
serpent being garnets. * The scabbard is'of silver,
plaited with gold, and ornamented with solid gold
bands and rings. The end of the scabbard is of
solid gold and of unique design. On one side of
' the scabbard is the following inscription: “ Pre
| sented to Gen. John E. Wool as a testimony of the
j high sense entertained bv Congress of his gallant
! and judicous conduct at the battle of Buena Vista,
| in accordance with a joint resolution approved
.January 14, 1534.” The sword cost one thousand ;
' | live hundred dollars. The design was furnished by i
’ Lieut. Benton, of the army.— -A'lnny Argus. |
j The Weather, Crops, Ftc.—Mid-summer ha«
s ! set in, m good real, earnest. After this no one,
. j however cold blooded, will complain of tho “ cool
. days for the season.” Upon Sunday, Monday and
q Tuesday, the weather was oppressively warm, the
s thermometer showing the mercury at ninety-two
s i degrees. Cotton, which has been lagging behind,
•a : anu was threatened with lice, from the cool morn
•- ingsand evenings, will recover and will begin to
n grow and encourage the planter to hope at least
ft j tor an half way harvest. The corn needs rain and
s though not suffering badly yet, will be womlerful
-1 v benefit ted by a heavy shower or two; so far the
best possible prospects have failed, and we are, as
4 1 j for the past ten days, dry and dusty.
I A’lany Patriot.
q I Death’s Doings. —Two of out died on
j the 3rd instant, viz: John J. Berry* and Thos. La
/ Kaj’ette Wymn. The one aged and cart* worn, had
e been long afflicted, mrtft trxflrerf forward to death
as a kind friend to relieve him of his siirffcrmgs •
the other a young man, just entered on the vesti
v bule of life, with a large" estate a* his command,
j and numerous friends, gathered*4n an early tomb,
by the fell destroyer consumption, the last of a
large family.
, On the f>th, Col. Irbv Huds-n, also died, at the
. residence of Mr. Ingram Bass in this county. He
1 was taken with a hemorrhage from tho lungs, on
. the Ist instant, and a severe spell of cardiac aslh
f ma, (both resulting from organic disease of the
t heart) which speedily terminated his existence.
; Central ( Sparta) Georgian. \
Hail storms have been frequent within a few
• days past in Cherokee Georgia. No great damage j
t though has been done by them, while they have i
doubtless caused the delightful temperature which j
we enjoy in this vicinity.
L Atlanta Examiner, IMh last.
, Ex-President Fillmore and ex-President Pierce |
i- have both accepted invitations to attend the Bunk- j
t er Ilill celebration in Boston, on the 17th instant. I
a Lt. Gen. Scott, another invited guest, will he es- j
f j ported to Boston by the National Guards, of New j
Ii ! York, and on arriving at the former city will be es- j
ii corted to his quarters by the National Lancers. 1
n j Ex-President Tyler has also been invited by both [
•, j branches of the Massachusetts Legislature and ;
I the Bunker Hill Society to participate in the cele- j
I oration.
e I #
Ij | Georgia and Florida Railroad.—The cars com- j
_ menced running to “Adams,” rix miles below j
n j Smithville, and sixteen and a half miles from Al-1
_ ! banv, on Tuesday lust. They will run to “ Woot- j
1 ten’s,” *en and n half miles from Albany,by the first j
j lof July. The stages will continue their councc- 1
, | tion between Albany and the end of the rail read, j
Albany Pat riot, 11 1\ Inst, j
. Washington, June V. —The affairs of Utah have ‘
occupied the attention of the Cabinet to-day. The j
appointment <>t officers for the territory is* not yet !
: completed. Several gentlemen to whom they have 1
1 been tendered are to be beard from. The proba
■ , bilitv is that they will be announced in the course
; of a week, and all the other arrangements will be !
perfected. The administration, though anxious ,
' for speedy action, has been restrained by circum- i
; stances beyond its control.
A proposition has been to the post office
’ department, and it is now un"r consideration, for
| the transportation of the mails from New York to !
New Orleans byway of Fernandina and Cedar
; Keys, Florida, the r<-iite having been established ,
by Congress. By it the mails would be carried j
| with more regularity and in less time than now
from Washington to New Orleans,
i Concord, N. 11., June 9.—The Democratic Legis- !
lative caucus has nominated John S. Wells for I
United States Senator. The Republicans nomin- :
ate on Thursday night.]
The Legislature has appointed Friday for the j
election of Senator.
Asa P. Cate, of Northfield, will probablv receive j
the Democratic nomination for Governor by the ;
State convention, which meets here to-morrow. j
Toronto, June B.— Contracts have been conclud
ed for a new weekly line of steamers to Liverpool, I
which are to sail from Portland in the winter, and i
from St. Lawrence in the summer.
Washington, June s.— Gov. Marshall and two j
Judges, for Utah, are to be appointed to-day—Col.
Gumming to be Governor.
Two thousand five hundred troops have been
ordered for Utah.
The President sends his declaration to Brigham ■
\ oung and the Mormons that “we do not interfere I
with your institutions, but the laws must be exe
cuted.” #jj j
P. S —Col. Camming has just informed me that !
nc declined the office of Governor, when off-red to
him.
Harrisburg, June 10.— The Pennsvlvania Dem
ocratic State Convention met here vesterdav when •
William Strong, of Berks countv, and" ’james
Thompson, of Erie, were selected as the partv
n-mitiees for the vacancies on the bench of the
Supreme Court of Pennsvlvania caused by th-ex
piration of the term of Judge Lewis, and the re
; signaiion of Judge Black. A letter was read from
I Judge Lewis, declining the nomination w hich had
| conferred upon him by a previous Democratic
: state convention.
j Richmond. June 11.—Jefferson RandeE, who was
i sent away irom Rockingham countv for barnin
j barns and plundering, returned and was seized bv
j a v gilance committee, and hung to a tree on Tries-!
day. His son-in-law was also in custody and was
j to be hung yesterday.
VOL. 30-jSTO. 25.
Death of General Walbach.
I . Gen. John Deßarth Walbach, the oldest officer
j in the Luited States army, died at his resilience in
! Baltimore, on \\ edeesdav night, in the ninety-third
year of his age.
General Walbacti was born at Alsace, on the
Rhine, in October, 17*54, and entered the military
service at an early age. In December, 1752, he
was ensign in the Royal Alsace regiment, French
service,) which belonged to Prince Maximilian, its
Colonel, who was afterwards the King of Bivai la.
In January, ITS*;, he was second lieutenant in the
Lauzum ifuzzars, (French service, and :n M~v,
1780, was promoted to the post of first lieu:tn..nt.
Returning then to his native country, he entered,
the German service in October, 1703, as a captain
in the Rohan Huzzars,|and in November, 17V5, ie
ceived a commission as major in the same corps.
In 1706 he came to America, landing at Philadel
phia, where in April, 1798,’he became the volun
teer aid-de-camp of Brigadier General McPhersm,
(subsequently in the United States service . His
father having a large estate in this country, located
at Philadelphia and m Virginia, young \V* 'bach
determined upon studying law, and for th..t j ur
pose went into the office of Alexander Hamiltion, at
! New York. But, having a fondness for ti.e hi-* of
a soldier, he applied for and obtained, «>n the Irtti
of January, 1700, a commission as lieutenant of
cavalry in the army of the United State®. This
commission, he has frequently told his friends, he
received from General Washington, who, although
he had retired from the Presidency, had been ap
pointed commander-in-chief of the army in ex
pectation of a war with France.
Gen. Walbach’s first active service in the army
of the United States was as an aid to Gen. Wilkin
son on the frontier, and throughout his whole
career he bore a high reputation as a gallant offi
cer and strict disciplinarian. In the wars of 1812-
| ’l4 he bore a conspicuous part, and was twice
I breveted for gallant conduct. In 1807 he married
j a lady of Philadelphia, from which marriage there
are one son and three daughters living. In his
I earlier life he commanded at Portsmouth, New
Hampshire; at Frunkford arsenal, at Old Pi *nt
! Comfort, and at Annapolis. In the late war with
I Mexico he desired to take part, but his ; ge pre
! vented the consummation of his wishes.
.. He resided in Baltimore a number“of y .*.<:*, and
was generally esteemed and respected. Whir* in
ihe act ire service it was a custom with him to be
on familiar terms of friendship with all the junior
officers of his command, but he required i close
observance of all the military rules. H * was a
man of extraordinary constitution, and until with
in a rear past possessed a degree of activity i . rely
found in men of less years, while his health was
[ almost uninterrupted.
About seven o’clock on Sunday evening last he
] was attacked with hernia of the abdomen, ..nd
j sunk rapidly until he died.
j The Clothing Trade of New York.
I A history of the march of trade in this city «itir
ing the lust twenty years, would forma '■ k ng
illustration of the originality and force of : l*e
[ American mercantile character. The . .:rv
* 1 with which new business ideas are gci;v:‘.»'.cd in
> I our midst, the vast scale on which tlu-v .. j '.ar
, ried out, and the success which usually'. *viids
- their development, axe unparalleled in 1 m
> mercial world,and excite the surprise . » ivign
t ! ers to a greater degree than any other d. .: acu; s
-1 j tic of this busy metropolis.
[- Let us take,'as a case in p« int, the ready Katie
e j clothing trade. In the hands id a few* men of
s I rare energy and sagacity, it lias been do-y.J
, within fifteen years, from' an obscure occ’.jf utiom
to a manufacturing and commercial tusmei**. *1
• the higitc-t .fe**. __ N- v is the- koy -
u j eat cioLimig mai-t.inthe world. ..Xhtswausc^ lb#
i- j vast exy. is easily explained. .
1 | of the *\«lop seller” bf difteen years ago, have t een
i j t»»*p*r**k. Jl v - \<V olc£u • •
: efnranoe ana oxcelftraet* b f any i«* t«s» *t-*»i*J* a fid
- actually cheap- r tlian the trnroufh cleaning rhey
. have displaced. The* men who revolutionize J the
, business understood the value of • .* in :fie
l American market. In ministering to the instant
supply of a general want, and doing s** in a man
* iier that left nothing to be desired ou the part of
* j purchasers, they displayed a profound kn r.y;* dge
i of the requirements of tlieir countrymen.
\N e can well remember when the “skip
j were the only clothing emporiums, and !ab**x mg
. men their only customers. .Now it is .n ascer
jtainedfact that the clothing business g. s »m
--• ployment to a greater number of hands ilmn any
■ other branch of our manufactures. The 1. tse of
Devlin k Co., (which ranks fir>t in magnitude and
| reputation, and is, therefore, apropos t** purposes
j ot illustration , employs two thousand persons.
| What other liiuuufectory of any description, in
j New York, gives occupatk n to an equal atimb* r?
We remember when the firm opeued their marble
warehouse iu Broadway, how confidently it- was
i predicted by shallow reasoners who looked at the
| expenses, but kne w nothing of the busim-ss of the
j men, that the enterprise would fail. Mr. Devlin
calculated differently; lie looked to the whole
i continent us his field, and felt, we presume, that,
' to cover the ground, it was only necessary to pro
| duce clothing of the very highest grade of excel
| lence, and sell it at the most moderate prices.
; This idea he seems to have reduced to practice,
j and the results he anticipated have followed
I with the exactitude of the solution of a *i--blein.
| The clothing of the concern ig a staple •! fashion
• in every city of the Union, and the name <<f the
| house* appears to be as good a guaranty of the »u
--: periority of its garments as is the Comptroller’s
| signature, of the genuineness of a bank bill.
Strange as it may seem, too, the celebrity of their
j ready-made stock is reflected on the custom dc
; partment, and via verm. Cheapness and superiori
ty appear t<> be the Alpha and Omega of ail de
partments of the establishment—in feet, they art?
| the cabalistic words that have raised the* clothing
trade to its present remarkable position among
| the business interests of New York.
There are many other extensive clothing houses,
in the citv, all flourishing and likely to flourish, to
I which we should be glad to refer if" space permit
; ted ; but as our only object was to give the unin
i itiated some idea of the vast amount of industry,
| enterprise and capital employed in a branch of
trade which is of only some fifteen years growth
, among us, we selected the leading house, bv wav
jof example.—.V, Y. of Qj/nmerce, Jr.
East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad.—The
j cars are now running on tins road, at the eastern
end, to the station this side ol the Watauga river,
j a distance of about twenty miles from Bristol. On
j Monday last the cars commenced running as far as
Bull’s Gap, no this end, a distance of fiftv-eight
! miles above Knoxville.— KaoxvUU Register, ll ins.t
| Superfine New Flour.—A bag of Superfine
j flour, from new wheat, ground at the Merchant
Mills of Mr. M. Lorick, at Dutch Fork, Lexington
! District, S. C., was presented to us yesterday morn
; ing by Mr. J. N. Huffman.
CVv inbia limes, June 13.
1 Cincinnati, June ll.—Depositions were intro
i dneed by the Marshal, in the fugitive slave case,
' rebutting the previous ones and showing no excess
committed by the Marshal’s posse. Senator Pugh
made an argument for the Marshal; Mason for de
fence. There will probably be no decision at pre
sent.
Hoboken, N. J. June 10.—Com. John C. Stevens
died of enlargement of the heart, at his residence
lin Hoboken, this afternoon, aged seventy-three
' years. * He leaves property to the amount of sev
; eral millions.
| New Orleans, June 10.—The schooner Chipola
from Mmatitlan brings intelligence of the opening
jof the Tehuantepec mute. Vessels having com-
I menced arriving at Ventosa Bay.
j Some of the passengers who crossed came here
i in the Chipola.
The road and bridges will probablv be finished
! and completed for stages by the first of October
next.
Chicago, June 9. —Hon. John Wentworth, may
or of the city, was arrested this morning by the
United States marshal, charged with having mail
bags in his possession, and was held to bail in the
sum of -to, ooo. The mail bags were found on his
premises, but at an examination held in the after
noon. Mr. Wentworth was from custody
iby Judge Drummond. He decided that Mr.
| Wentworth, in his official capacity of Cong:ess
, man, received the mail bags, and that unless a
special demand tjas made for them be had a right
| to keep them,
