Georgia Historic Newspapers

    Cl)c (ifflfcklj Consliuuionalist.
JiY STOCKTON & CO.
CONSTTTUTIO N A LIST
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pense.
BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND
AGRICUITTURE
. The present session of the Legislature of
Georg a will be the m6st important which has
ever been convened. Independent of the po
litical issues connected with events which have
now become lnrtnrv. they have to give new'
life to a deceased State ; and restore the vital
powers to a body which , like Lazarus, ! s alrea
dy inhumed. Great indeed arc powers de
manded—arduous the duties, and almost un
numbered he objects which will call for their
earnest and careful attention. Amongst these
objects, however, <he'e is none which will re
quire more concentrated examination than the
means to deveiope the rich natural resources
of tie S’ate; aud to do this we cannot con
ceive a more impnr'aut step than the appoint
ment or c‘cation of a Bureau of Geology
and Agriculture. Georgia is -econd to no
State in the Union in the ric.i and varied ma
tcrid within her bosom. Tt abounds n the
more precious as well the most, useful ores, and
it is for a ptaotioal Geolr cist to furnish the
key to the treasury. Her soil, from the sea
board *o- the mountains, must be scientifically
examined and the proper culture to each va
ried surface defined. Its quality analyzed ;
its deficiencies note. , the remedy pointed out.
and its employment designate!. The tens of
thousands of acres now supposed to he worn
opt and exhausted, may he 1 rotight into use
with new and greater powers than was ever
shown by the virgin soil ; and the wasted hill
side and depleted valley can be be ma e an
adjunct to the grand object of renewing the
wealth which we have lost. But this is no
holiday tali. We do not require broad cloth
professors from the North -or East to come
with k and gloves to “ grove! amongst the dry
bones of the earth, unmindful of its living
beauties,” hut we want working men, men
v hose sonl is in their work, and whom to their
set nee will add a heartfelt interest in its suc
cess. WhU >ilt handle the subject ‘‘without
gloves,” and whose ere atpst rewa and will be
the knowledge that their labors will result in
happiness of millions. Tliev wi'l be the bene
factors who will make “ two bl ides of grass
grow where #nlv one grew before,” and Geor
gia will place their names amongst those
whom she delights to honor. But valuable
as this science may he t the State, it will re
qu're the co-operation of the people who are
to be benefitted. *'he fact that such a Bu
reau has been created will not be of avail un
less the aid of its Professors is called into use.
Every planter, as fast as practicable, should
have his domain thoroughly examined and
analyzed, and keep a record of the report, so
that he may as early as possible reap the
benefit of the investigation. Many a planta
tion now supposed to bo worn out and worth
jeks, will be found to require but the aid of
some cheap fertiliz'd - to he renewed in all its
early strength, and in time the whole State
w 11 be in a condition to repay a thousand fold
the outlay necessary for t eee developments.
This is not a fancy skcch—but a sober pic
ture—a picture drawn from tne history of
otlur count: es. and we should be ready and
wiling to profit by the lesions whicn have
been taught to others—and take advantage of
thp leadlines of a science which has enriched
other Slates. We earnestly hope that our
Legislature will take an early start in this
matter, and so act as to entitle them to the
hearty thanks of a grateful people.
Hare We Not Done Enough!
We like the spirit and approve the sentiments
cnn’aine ia the toi'owine article fr ra the
Charleston South Carolinian and therefore re
produce i| in our columns as being pertinent
alike .o the prgition of Georgia, South Caro
lina and every S uthern State :
We protest against the disposition manifested
by the politicians of the North to grind ns fur
ther in the dust In God’s name we ask, are
we not low enough? Did we not fight as a
brave pe ole untit we could stand no loncer;
did we not succumb as a brave people, in pood
faith acknowledge ou'srlvesto be overpowered
and promise under oath to abide by tbe issue ;
have we since lifted a finger in disobedience h
the law ; nay, have we not done all within our
feeble means, and in an honorable way to ap
pease the angry spirit of radieili mby which
we have been beset? Has not South Carolina
acted fully up to the spirit of the Presidential
Proclamation ? Has she not gone further, and
popularised the Suite, by breaking down tbe
old landmarks and giving elections to tbe
people ? Has she not ton the first to endorse
the Amendment to the Constitution, and as she
did in 1860, assume alone and single handed
all the responsibility, and if there be any, all
he blame wh/ch attaches to an independent
act? Is she not to day as ihoronghly prepared
to enter the Union as she ever can 1-e, and tc
do her duly tn that Union as well as any other
State of tbe .Confederation ? Have we not thus
done enough to satisfy any true man w’lo de
sires to see the country united and in-peace?
Or, So ’he Northern politicians in theii blind
rage tor power desire to drive the peopto o 1
tbe South to that point when nature as well as
reason rebels ?
Yet, in tbe face of all these facts, there is
undoubtedly a class of public men" at the North
whether backed by a respectable party we know
and care net, who stiil urge our further pun
ishmenv They demand an impassibility—that
we shall send to Congress men wno, during
the war, were traitors to their S:ate. -
We have no such individuals in Sooth Caro
lina ; or, if they exist, their names are un
known. Then the alternative is presented
“take the test-oath or wait V Let ua wait. If
there is not strength, and humanity, and sym
pathy. and patriotism, and a desire to bury the
dead past as quickly as possible, among the
conservative men of the North—and they nov
claim to be largely in the majority—sufficient
to overrule the querrnlous objections of the
turbulent orators and lobby members of Wash
ington, let our members of Congress star and
bck til they are called for and wanted. Let
us preserve, at least, a relic of our ol# inde
pendence ' hen we were entitled to a place on
the national floor. If necessary, the South can
live without representation until the good sense
of the Northern peop’e pushes aside the bad
B?nse of their legislators. The nfllitary author
ities are not oppressive. Their relations to
robst of the citizens of the State are net unkind.
There is little or no interference with legitimate
bu iness, and. if the Government chooses to
maintain them here at a great expense, it is not
our fault. It is true, that this party or that
may de3ire our co-operation in some of the
measnres c ntemplnted as future issues, and,
uo doubt this is the secret of the opposition,
but, by al! that is rr.an’y and dignified, let our
mem'ers eleci make no sign aud take no step
from which even an inference may be drawn
'b\t we are in naste.
CORH ESPON D*C E'WITH REFER
-ICNCE TO THE FREEDMFN iif
SOUTH CAROLINA AND GEOR
GIA.
Headq’s Asst. Com Bureau Refugees )
FItttEDMEN AND v BAN’DOnED LaKDS, h
. South Carolina and ue r«ia )
’Charleston S C . Oct »bei 22. 1865
Dear Silt — NotuavmgliHd sufficient lime
to jvpiy especially to your questions of practi
cal import put me at Columbia, I will now,
with great pleasure, answer some of .them
First- As to trie restoration of lands. I en
close Circular 15, which explains itself. The
oath, pardon and proof ot title, together with
an applicai on; may be forwarded direct to the
Assistant Commis-ionor, at Charlesion S. C ,
or lodged with the nearest Bureau Agent, who
is required to torward thsm to me The proof
may be a copy of the title as recorded, or the
affidavits of two or three citizens as to own
ership Second—As to lauds embraced under
General Sherman's Special Field Order No. 15
of 18G5, my orders enclosed concerning Edmto
and to Captain Ketchurn are, I believe, quite
explicit. All communications on this suoject
will be received by Captain A. P. Ketchum,
at the office of Assistant Commissioner, at
Cniirloaiou, S. C. Ptea-e publish the Circulars
enclosed with thi letter, it yen thiax best.—
Third—As to contracts, I ei.eloso General
Saxton’s Circular No. 5, whieh I spoke toyou-
Please give it circulation.
An officer will vi-itthe Governor next week,
und see to the establishment of ihe boards re
ferred to in ti.e circular. The contract extends
to leases necessarily, and may not be of the
lorm specified—it being a mutual agreement
entered into voluntarily by the contracting
parti h. Tt;© form ia given to save'trouble.
Every possible effort win now bo made to make
contracts, whether for wages or by leases, for
the coming year. To this end no efforts will
be spared ou the part of the Agents or Super
visory Boards to secure mmuni confidence and
good will between the employers and the em
ployed. All panics must endeavor t© work
together. Hostility, contention, and bad feel
ings are deprecated by me, and I will do what
ever I can possibly do to bring about complete
reconciliation. 1 think the Supervisory Bjaid*,
us organiz-d, will have an inunvdiate tendency
jio this cui. Fourth—As to relief e'fcabliah
raenls, they are of two kinds : the medical, and
those for other rufferers, as commissary and
quartermaster. It is sought to reduce them as
rapidly as possible. I have been hindered in
the pieparation of the communication I prom
ised you, and, therefore, not having time now.
will send the next from Savannah—particularly
the one with regard to to legislation.
Vo;y truly, youra,
O O Howard,
Mi.jor General and (Jorumi-Sioner*
Mr. Wm. H. True, scott
Headquarters, Assistant Commissioner, )
Bureau Refugees, Frbedmsn and aba and V
Lands, S uth Carolina and Georgia, I
Charleston. S. C., Oct. 19, 1865. .
[Circular No s<]
I. The impression prevails, to a great extent,
among the tieedmen that, ou the L-t of Jan
uary, 4866. Hie United States Government is
to give them lands, homesteads of forty
and that, lor the coming year, it 1m not neces
sary for them to contract with their former
masters, or oth-r employers, lor their labor.—
lo correct-this error all officers and Agents of
thi4 Bureau, in South Carolina and Georgia,
are hereby directed ro give nonce to the freed
in ii within their jurisdiction that such ex
ptctanonsh on iheir part, are erroueoui, and
mat the United States Government has no
land to divide among them.
To provi ue for the cultivation of the soil, give
a proper direction and organization to labor and
lusurrt the rails ng of sufficient o; the necessaries
of lite 10 prevent suffering and starvation, the
freadmeri are urged at once t© make contracts',
for labor for ISC6; the contracts to comm.-nce
on the Ist of January, 1866, and terminate
witu the year. To facilitate tbe making of
contracts, the Assistant Commissioner directs
that the Sub Ass staut Commi-'sioner or Ageut
ot tbe Bureau in each District, shall be j.sso
dated with two citizens, residents of the Dis
tiiCL, each selected i© the .satisfaction of the
respective contracting parties, the three to
constitute a board wfiose duty }t shall be to
arrange equ table contracts between the em
players a*.d ernployei-s for the laiy»f of the
frecdmsn. In Districts where there sre no
agents of this Bureau, tne civil aumoritn s a e
requested to cons'.itut# the hoard as above, the
two cit z ns choosing a third to replace the
agent, io act as agents of the Bureau for the
same purpose. All contracts should be in
aupl cate, one lor each of the contracting par
ie*; aud a correct copy must be Rent to the
office of the A ini giant C mmiasioner.
11. The following form of contract is adopted
as applicable to the labor question, subject to
the necoFsary modifications to meet individual
casts qnd peculiar circjtn3tanccs of contracting
parties:
Know all men by there presents, That
—, of the county or , State
of , held and firmly bonnd io the Uni
ted S ales oi America in tna sum ©1
dollars, f r the payment of which
bind • i.eirrf, executors aad administra
tors, firmly bv tbfc6o presents in this contract:
shat to furoilh t o perse- s whoso
namvs are subj »ined (freed laborers), quarters,
substantial aad healthy rations, all neces
sary medical attendance and supplies in ease of
s«ckne-s, and the amount set opposite their re
spective names per month, during tbe con tin u
-4uuu of th s contract; the laborers to be paid
u full before the final disposal of tbe crop
vlik'h is to be raised by them on ——————
•isolation, in tho county of , rime
Tnis contract ia to commence with this date
d ad close with the year.
Given in duplicate at this
day of— . 186—•
Superintendent of District.
Witness :
Registered at > —•
* 111. When fair and equitable comtratfc m
AUGUSTA, GA. WEDNESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 6, 1865
made, they must be kept both by employer and
employed.
R SAXTON,
Bvt. Maj. Gen A9S f t. Commissioner.
War Department, *)
Bureau Ukpuubks, Fkkkdmkm '
and Abandoned Lands, f
lUadquarters in the Field j
Chablbbioe, S. C , , 1855.
an applicant for ihe
restoration of-.- ———
held by the B reau of Refugees, F r eednn*n and
Abandoned Lauds, having conformed to the
requirements of Circular No.-15, of said Bureau,
dated September 12, 1865. tbe af resaid pro
petty is hereby restored to possession.
The above instrument be oonsid«*red null and
void unle?s the obligation herewith attached
and subscribed to by said —be faiihtuliy
and fully complied w th.
All differences arising uuder this instrument
arid obligation are to be adjudicat«d by the
Board of Supervisors, constituted by Special
Field Order- No. 1, Bureau Refuge s, Freed
man and Abandoned Lands, dated Char.eston,
Pursuaut to the instructions of the President
of the United States.
0. O HOWARD. Maj'Gen., Commissioner.
Official:
Captain and A. D C.
[obligation ]
The undersign and, , does hereby
solemnly promise «nd engxgo ibat he will se
cure lo the refugees and (reedmen, now resi
dent on his eatate, the crops of the
present season, harvested or uifharveettd; also,
that tho said refugees and freedmen shall be
allowed to remain at their present homes or
other houses ou the island, so long as ti e res
ponsible refugees and freedineu (em> tracing
parents, guardians and other natural protec
tors) shall enter into contracts by leases or for
wageß on terms satisfactory to the Supervising
Board.
Also, that the undersigned will take tbo
proper siapa to enter into coutracis with the
above described responsible refugees aud
freedmen, the latter beiug required on their
part to enter into said contracts within the
period of two months from date, or surrender
the right to remain On the said estate.
Also, that no obstacle shall be interposed by
the undersigned to schools sanctioned by the
Supervising Board.
But nothing in this instrument shall be so
construed as to relieve the above-mentioned
persons from the ordinary judicial consequen
ces if crime and misdemeanor.
Neither the land owners nor the refugees
■»nd freedmen will be obligated by this instru
ment bepoud one year from this dute unless
the instrument be renewed.
War Department, Bureau Refugees, 1
Freedmen and Akandoned Lands, >
Charleston, S. C, oct ber 19, 1865 J
[Speciad Field Orders, No 1 ]
The Agent >f this Bureau on Bdisto Island
will immediately take measures to constitute a
Board ot Supervisors for the Islands, to con*
sijt of himself and two other citizens—one to
be selected by the land owner or tbeir agents,
the second oy the resident freedmen or their
agents.
This B ard will aid in making co tracts,
and will adjudicate all difficulties that may
arise between the whites ind" the FreedmVd, or
among the freedmen themselves, extending
only to offences committed in which the penalty
does not exc-%ed imprisonment at hard labor
for a period of one month, or a fine not to
ceed one hundred dollars. All ether cases of
crime will be referred to competent civil or
military authority. "
Should a police force be deemed necessary by
the Board, the Bureau Agent will, as h«reto
fvre, make requisition upon the military au
thorities. Appeals from the decision of the
B< ard to the Assistant Commissioner or Oom
miSsibner of thr Bureau may he made.
Pursuant to instructions from the Presi
dent.
O O Howard,
Major-General and Comruissipter.
\V a it Depa rthent, )
Bureau Refugees, Freedmen !-
and Abandoned Lands in the Field. )
Charleston, 8. C., October 19 1866.
[Special Field Orders, No. 2 ]
Captaiu A exander I* K ucuutn. 128th U. S
C. TANARUS, is hereby appointed Acting Assistant
Adjutant Genet al. uud empowered to issue or
ders as hereinafter specified, with regard to
the restoration to former owners of lands net
apart bv General Sherman’s Special Field Or
ders. No. 16/January 16, 1865.
I. He iscnarged with earcyiug out the in
s'ructions contained iu Snecid Field Orders
No. 1, of this dat *. Also, wnb tne comple
tion of the transfer of the custody of the
Edisto estates from tno Bureau to the former
Owners, iu accordance with the spirit and let
ter contained in th* accompanying document,
marked ‘ A ”
11. He is further charged with extending S.
F. O No. 1, and the action hh to the Eiisto
estates to the otner estates aft' cted by General
Sherman's ordtr above reicrred to, with aach
modification as a practicable adjustment ot
ifficulties may demand His attention is
called to General Orders, War Deparihient, No.
145, current series, the spirit of which will be
Carefully observed.
▲ll orders issued pursuant to in
structions will be *by direction of the Commie
eiouer, except those signed by tho Commission
er himteOtf.
Pursuaut to instructions from the President
of the United S*.atea.
O. O Howard*,
Major G*-n* ml, Commissioner.
Official : C. U. Howard. Inspector General
South Carolina, Georgia and Florida.
The 'lorida Convention.—Tbe Florida Con
venfion has adjourned. It passed the annex
ed ordinance in regard to slavery :
Wheroas, slavery has been destroyed in this
Sta e by the Government of ihe United
States:
Therefore bo it Ordained by the People of
the State of Florida, in Convention assembled,
That neither slavery nor involuntary servitude’
final 1 , in future, exist in this State, except as a
punishment for crime, whereof ihe party Hhal 1
have been convicted by the courts of this State;
and all the inhabitants of the State, without
distinction of coior, at e free, and shall enjoy
the rights of person anti property without dis
tinction of color.
Tbo following is tbe ordinance annulling the
State war debt, which was adopted. This, it
is genera ly understood, was done in obedience
to the will of the President;
Be it Ordained by the People of Florida, in
Convention assembled, That all Si ate Treasury
notes issued, and all other liabilities con
by the State cf Florida, on or after the 10. h
day of January, A D. 1861, to tho 25th day of
October, A. D 1865, except such liabilities as
may be due to the Seminary and School Fund,
and sacta other liabilities as provided by this
Constitution, be and are declared void, and the
General Assembly shall have no power to
provide for tbe payment of the same, or any
part thereof.
Tbe body has ordered that the election for
Governor, and other State officers Judges of
tbe Supreme Court and Circuit Couit*, Solici
tors, Representatives in Congress, aud mem
bers of the Legislature, shall take place on
Wednesday, t e 29th instant; aud directa that
the Legislature shall meet on the tbir& Mot*
day of December next.
vote of 23 yeas and 19 tay«, Uie fol
lowing .ordinance was adopted
CilUAch and state.
The Baltimore Gazette contains the subjoined
ably written article:
When Mr. Valiandigham was notnina'ed by
the Democrats ot Ohio as a oan lidate for the
Goveroorshi >, in opposition to Mr. Brough, he
was actively supported among others by a Ur.
David Houston, a raemiwr of the Mahonine
Congregation of tie United Presbyterian
Church. The politics of Mr. Houston being
offensive to certain other members of the
same congregation, h. was cited to appear be
fore the Preabytery of Merger county to angwer
to the two-fold charge of fusing his inluence
to elect to < ffice a man neO>ri ma for bis dis
loyalty and under s n fence of banishment by
the government,” and of also sustaining the
resolutions adopted by the Democratic Con
vootioc which nominated Mr. Vallandighnm.
A large majority of the Pre bytery being radi
cal abolitionists, Mr Houston was condemned
on the charges nrought against him, and was
suspended from the privileges of the Church.
Prom this decision he appealed, at its recent
session, to the Svnnd of Presby
terian Church of Ohio, Iti matter was re
ferred by that body to the Judicial Committee,
and upon their report tbe action of the Pres
bytery of Mercer county was emphatically sus
tained. Tite proceedings in thi extraordinary
case were published in the Wtited Preebyteriar
Journal of the 11th mst. The sentence of con
demnation thus passed upc .Mr Houston by
the Synod does not affect him only It inoludes,
necessarily by implication, if not by name, all
other Democrats of the same church in Ohio
who voted for Tallandighsm on the occasion
referred to. There was no question of morals
involved. "That Mr. Houston may have
acted conscientiously is not denied." says the
Report; but “as c.vil government ie an ordi
nance of God,” and as he voted for Mr. V«l
--fandighem, and ‘‘endorsed s Beries of reso
lutions of the Democratic Convention, which
condemned tho action of the government and
lavored granting to those Who were in rebel
lion what they claimed as their rights,” be
was guilty-of ‘gross error,” and was therefore
amenable to punishment by the Church of
which he was a member. The Synod adopted
i h>s view of the matter, and punished him ac
cordingly.
Whether it bo • rue or false that "olvlt gov
ernment is an ordinance of God” in any other
sense than that ‘‘all things are ordained of
Him”- or whether tbe Revolutionists of 1776
overthrew au ordinance of God in successfully
asserting their independence of the civil gov
ernment of George III; or, to come nearer our
own times whether the "civil government of
Dahomey is one of those ordinances, and is
therefore worthy of all reverence, forbearance
and respect—we shall not here pause to in
quire But when the Synod proceeded to Bnd
a man, who wag probably strongly attached to
the government, guilty of “very gross error”
for condemning the acts of the government, the
"error” was committed not by Mr. Houston,
but hy the Synod itself in confounding the ad
ministration with tbe government hy adopting
the pernicious yet widely disseminated fallacy
that to condemn thm*dmtoittralion is to be dis
loyal to the government. Bydney Smith onoe
characterized in his biting way the cry of “at
tack us—you attack the government,” as the
official malefactor’s screen," aud added, “If
this notion is acceded to, every man-who de
sires at present any advantage from tqlarnle
has it in fee-simple ; and all abuses, present
and future, are withont remedy,”
Jeremy Bentbam puts the case in his heavy,
lumbering nay still more strongly, and clench
es it with a series of illustrations. He says :
“So far is it r rom being true, that a man’s
aversion or contempt for the bands by which
tbe powers of government are administered, or
even for the system under whieh tltey are exer
cised, is a proof of his aversion for the gov
ernment itself, that, even In proportion to the
strength of that aversion or contempt, it is a
proof of the opposite affection. What he
wishes for is net that there be no bands at all
to exercise those powers; but that the hands
mny he belter regulated—not that those pow
era th -uld be better exorcised. * * * All
government Is a trust. Every branch of gov
ernment is a trust, and immemorfally acknowl
edged to be so It is ohly bv the magnitude
of tho scale that public d-ff r from prl'aie
trusts. I complain of the conduct of a pent n
in the character of guardian.-, In so doing do
I any that guardianship is a bad institution ?
1 complain of an individual in the oharacter of
a commercia a geot. In so doing, do I say
that commercial ageocy is a had thing? Does
any such conceit ever enter ftito the head of
man as that of suspecting me of so doing?”
The sum of this is: that there is ail the
difference imaginable between the administra
tion of a trust and tbe trust itself Govern
ment being of tbe nature of a trust, Mr.
Houston’s loyalty to the government was best
shown by denouncing what e believed to be
the errors of ‘hose who administered it The
most c mvinciog proof that the best syst m of
government can be degraded 'o bad n-ea,
where all opposition to its maladministration
is silenced, is lo be found in tbe many and
shameless violations of the constitutional and
private rights of the citizen during the preva
lence of our civil war; nnd it is notorious
that those arbitrary aud despotic acts grew
out of and were fostered and encouraged by
the part'san cry that to attack the Adminis
tra’ion was to attack ihe government.
There is yet one other charge worth noting,
upon which the Synod condemned Mr. Hous
ton. It wa» alleged that he endorsed the reso
lution of the Democratic Convention ‘!jn favor
“of granting to those In rebellion what they
“claimed es their juet rights, among which
“was tbe right ot property lo slaves.” As that
right ia recognized in the Constitution of the
United Slate 4 In the laws of Congress; in de
ci-ions ot tbe Supreme Court, and to the treaty
with Great Britain, where iu damages were
claimed, which were subsequently paid, for
carrying off this species of properly in the war
of 1812, the action of the Synod betrayed no
less ignorance than injustice, and was entirely
of a piece with its refusal to recognize tbe claim
of Mr Houston to liberty of conscience and tbe
exercise of the right of private judgment-
Wc do not knew wbat others may think of
proceedings like these, but it appears to us as
if certain churches and fragments of Ohnrche
in this land have become puffed up, of late
years, with thatparticular sort of pride which
goes before destruction, and that ia abandon
ing spiritual for worldly things, they have sur
rendered tbe high vantage ground oa which
they formerly B'ood ; trought contempt upon
the ministry and the religion they profees, and
degtaded both to their own undoing. We care
nothing for Mr. Houston, but we care ranch
for the principle which he vainly endeavored
to defend, and when the Presbyterian Synod
. ssnmed to dictate to him what political opin
ions he should entertain, and bow he sbonld
act in secular matters, its meinberu arrogated
to ih'-maelves an authority of th* most despotic
kind, and one which is particularly suggestive
@f the length to which they would hesitate to
go if public opinion had not resolutely set its
face against the reintrodaction of those ancient
instruments of ecclesiastical torture—the rack,
the thumb screw a-d 'be bnrniog faggot.—
This action of the Synod of Ohio i J so far in
structive, inasmuch as it faith'nlly refl-cts the
bigotry and intolerance so common among the
Puritans acd other sectariee of the Radical
Republican stamp. It would be well for
them, nevertheless, that they take heed what
they do, or the sword they are now using to
cneoff tbe re factory among the n may sptedi
ly be turned upon tbemselves. When the
chnrches undertake to regulate tbe political
opinions ot tbeir members, we warn them that
tbe politicians, profiting by the example thus
set them, may yet, and at no very distant day,
undertake, in return, to legnlate tbe religion
of tbe eburcbee.
European News.
By the arrival of the steamship China at
Halifax, on the 21st ina aut, wc have Liverpool
dates of the 12 instant.
THE SHENXNDOAU
..The liberationut the captain und crew of the
Shenandoah Utuid to bare been unconditional,
tbe British Government being of opinion that
there are no legal grounds upou which they
could be detained.
From the Liverpool Courier, Nov. 9.
We are reformed that tbe order for parole
was received by Captain Paynter, of the Done
gal, ear.y in the alternoon, aud that immedi
ately alter it was communicated to Captain
Waddell. Captain Wuddel then came ashore,
and had au interview with somo Southern
genUemon, alter which be reutrned to bis s .ip
and paid off and discharged the crew. At
seven o’clock tbe men Ufi the S ienandoah iu
the Rock Ferry Company ’§ steamer Bee, and at
eight o’clock they were landed upou the
George's landing stage. But tew spectator*
were present to witness the arrival of the
crew so renowned for their exploits, owinp
doubtless to the tact that their parole was. not
known eveu to themselves until a short time
before their landing Etch of hem brought,
on shore a large quantity of luggsgo, aod'
they appeared to have no lack ot money—facts
which appeared to aueet that their long cruise
hat not been unrewardeu. Tbo news of tbeir
arrival soon spread, and crowds, ol persuns
collecting on tbe stage formed tbemselves into
groups urunud the sailors aud endeavored to
draw them into conversation These attempts,
however, rarely succeeded, and when they
did, it was evident that the men spoke rather
to evade curiosity than to satisfy it. 'The muo,
indeed, appeared lo be th niseive- quite re tbe
dark as to their position, snd though under
the impression that they hso doav with the
.■Shenandoah lor good aud all, appeared to
labor uuder a tear of commituug themselves
or their officers by some rash s atement Nome
of them eagerly ques toned the by standers as
to wbat the English people thought of the
ribeoandoah, and two . r three ot tbi w ex
pressed the greatest surprise that the officers of
that vessel should eveu hare been suspected ot
pursuiug their work of destruction with a
knowledge of the termination of the war. Tile
men, though exhibiting a murkid ret ccuce on
matters connected with the discipline ol the
ship, speak freely of the oircumstauces which
led the Shenandoah to terminal* her privateer
ing career, namely, the meeting witu the ship
Uarrauouta, which the crew are unanimous iu
alleging as tbe first source through which reli
able reformation was received of tbe termina
tion of the war.
Many of the crew of the Shenandoah aro
Liverpool men, and these immediately ou being
landed drove off to their homes. Tne men de
clare that they are at perfect liberty to do what
they choose, and that tneir dischurgu is uncon
ditional At all events, they have been paid
off m American dollars, and many of them will
ho doubt be on their way to oilier parts of tho
country.
captain waddbll’s lbiter to earl russell.
Captain Wadaell, ia t\ letter to Earl Russell,
which is published, says:
“ In obedience to orders I found myself in
the Arctic aud Oouolek Bunn, fur lemovctlHrom
the ordtuary channels oi commerce, aud in con
sequence of this awkward circumstance I was
engaged in aois of war uutd the 28th of June.
I was ignorant of the reverses suffered by the
Confederates, aud the iota! obliteration oi the
government uuder which I acted. I received
the drat intelligence of the downfall of tliu Con
federate cauae oh the 2d of August, Irom the
British bark Barracota, and desisted immedi
ately from further acts of war nut 1 I could
communicate with a European peri, uud leant
if the intelligence was true. 1 could not have
beeu sensible that the tales told by Americuu
ships were true, but merely upon Hie statement
of a British captain I dihgeuily sought for u
precedent iu law writers ibr guidance ia the
luturo control, management, and final disposal
of tbe vessel, but touud none. Finding the
authority questionable under wlii ti 1 sored, I
immediately cessed cruising and shaped tier
course lor the Atlautic. I did not led jus'tlied
to destroying me vosstl, but ou me coutraiy
thought the ship sliouid rover, to the Amoricau
Government. 1 tboreiore sought Liverpool lo
learn ill* news, and, it witb ui louuuation, to
surrender tbo ship, with the guns, stores uud
apparel cqgipleie, to the British Goverumeut,
for such diupoaition as it should deem proper.’
THE VESSEL BdBRENDEaEO TO THE UNITED STATES
AUTHuRITIKB.
The Shenandoah wua surrendered to life
American Consul pu the Khti, who took for
mal pnßSes-tutr, and placed her uuder Captain
Freeman aud a crew of hie own aokcuuu, lo
convey tne chip o New York.
SPEECH OK EARL RUSSELL.
Esrl Russell attended the Lord Mayor's ban
quet ou me lilu. Iu a -p-.-eeh he paid a trittuip
m the memory of I‘almcratoii. AdVeniug to
tne last reconstruction of the Cabinet, lie said
he had received the fullest HUppuri Irom his
Colleagues, with the remark ou its policy 111 -t
he tußled the country would allow tinietu
consider the course they ought to pursue, aud
be should auiue by the principles of Ids life.—
The Uuverurneut. deemed it tlteir dtpy L< con
sult tne wishes ot the people, and it would bu
fur Parhumenl lo c-mnder bow lur those wishes
were based on justice. Uo thanked God the
American war wan over; und Ue tril-icd me
republic, now freed from me stu o stay- ry,
would go on and prosper hr centuries cu come
OPINIONS pv THE PRESS.
From the Loudon Daily News, November 11.
The reception of Russell althu osuqitel was
r practical reply to tbe detraction which has
lately pursued mo Government Russell's lan
guage oouid only bo used by rneu who leel the
important measures 11 pteteu of them, and are
willing to encourage the hope.
From the London -star, November 11.
The eff.ct of tne speech was rather au en
courage men t to the cause of reform.
M iRE CHANGES.
It is reported thut Mimer Gibson bad been
offered tbe poet of First Lord ol tho Admiralty
and that the Duke ol Somerset would be dec
retory of War.
THE FENIANS.
Tho commission for the trial of tbe Fenians
opens on the 27th at Dublin.
The Fenians had applied to the Court of
(Jueen’sßench for criminal information againat
the proprietors of tbe Freeman's Journal for
publishing Archbishop Cullen's pantoral ; the
publication being likely to prejudice the Fenians
at tbe approaching trial.
John Donogan, son of ths late eminent Irish
antiquarian, bad b- eo committed for trial ou a
charge of treason. Bail was refu-ed. lie had
oeeu giving lectures to tbe Fenians on “I'bo
use of the Ride.”
ITALY.
M. Dupio, procareur generate, died on the 9th.
The Emperor and tbe Empress le t Palis os
the 11th for Compivgne.
The Pans Bourse bn tbo 10th was firm.
®entes closed GBfr. 45c.
The Italian Parliament toil been prorogued
until the 18tb inst. The K-ug had gone to
Naplee, the cholera there having increased.
The Paris Presse and Temps state that the
Italian government has decided upon Leaking a
considerable reduction in the array.
Tbe Abeuaposl repeats that the setillmenls of
the Italian Finance Minister are hostile to
Austria. Bo long as the thoughts of acqsirmg
Venetia ia officially proclaimed as tbe real
policy of Italy, any understanding ia impcssi
ble. The establishment of settLd interna
tional relations is doubtless desiraule ; but any
concession would involve no ebauge in tke
Austrian policy on the Venetian queetion.
AUSTRIA.
The General Corrt-ttpondeuza announces that
bv order of the Emperor all necessity for pass*
purl* oh the Austrian frontier will cease.
FINANCIAL AND CQMMKKCUL IKTSLLIUSNTE.
The Times says the report is current that the
conunitttt of the Ljndoo Stock Exchange is
about to discontinue tbe practice of granting
or rrfusiog setting days of new companies.
The com untie will confine themselves to iheir
legitimate functions, deciding in regard to euch
companies respectively, whether place shall be
accorded them on tbe official list.
LONDON MONRY MAR&ET.
Favorable Bank returns caused funds on the
10th to open firmer, but the improvement wag
not sustained, foreign exchanges showiug
symptoms of heaviness. The demand for dis
count at B ink slightly inorea>ed, but on
the (Stuck Exchange advauces were still offered
at five to Qix per cent. Consols closed at 89a
89}.
Liverpool Nov. 11—a. m —Cotton—Tb*
BrokerGiroutsr reports : The Bates of the
week have been 57,000 bales, inelutltog 12,000
bales to speculMots aud 15,000 bales lo expor’-
eis The market opened very dull, aid all
qualities slightly declined, but closeo some
what firmer, with un advance ol }> per pound
on American descriptions since last week's
market, hut is less firm tor Egyptian, while
Bursts have declined }d }l fr m last week’s
quoiatious. The authorized q relations are :
Fair Midtiling.
Ol leans 23il 21 I
Mobil.' told Texas 2oJ i
Up-anils 22} I 20} 1
The Iht and slock in port is 30U.500 ba es, in
cluding 64 000 bales of Americaq.
The -aies Friday were 15 000 bales; the
maiket closing firm nnd upward
Trade Report. —The advices from Muu
chuHu v anew ill'll ihe market tor g' Ots and
yarns opened nominal, but sine grew firmer.
Liverpool Bread-stuffs Market —Thu mar
ket is geu-raiiy e«.-i, r, aud uuyers ure Ue
n.uuding a reduction ot prices. Messrs. Rich
ardson, Bpence A Go., v\ uketleld, Nash A Go.,
and utiiers report: Flour easier, aud quotations
are barely maintained Wheat, bales small
uud quotations are nominal; Wiuter 10s. Id a
10a 7d. Guru is leas firm ; mixed 345. a 31a.
Oil.
Liverpool Provision Market. —Toe pro
vision rn-rket is generally unsealed and down
ward. Messrs. Rig aud, Albaya A Cos., and
othera report: Beef dull and irregular. Pork
quiet and steady w:‘!i a scarcity of stock.—
Rucou dull aud declining, with small sales st a
decline. Lard very dull and declining. Choeqe
—The market is bare, and prices of Hue quail
tics have udvanced. Rutter-—uo quotations
fallow eu.-ier, aud all qualities have slightly
dealtoed.
■ Liverpool Produce Market— (Brokers’ Cir
cular)—A oiesquiei; Pots, SOsaSSsSd: Pearls,
94s Sugar uclivo at a deeduu of Is. C IT'le
less Qrm. Rice quiet and steady, with a trifling
advance. Saltpeter advanced 2s. Liusetd—
Stuck scarce. Linseed Cukes unsettled st £9
2n 6d u£9 10s. Jute—The market is bare,
aud there hits been a considerable id slice.—
Sperm Oil—Sales small, quoted £lB .(is. Cod
Oil, 51s. Liuseed Oil quiet aud steady at 88s
u9B , Gtl. Rosin steady at 13s a 16s, Spirits
Turpentine aotlvo at 45s a46 lor French.—
Petroleum ndvanotog—Refined 81 a 9s Id.—
Clover Seed tlrm, with an adv ting ten
daucy.
London Markets (Burtog)—Flour firm and
upward ul 27». a 90. Wheat quiet and steady;
Winter Red, 48s a fiOt per uuurter Iron quiet
aud steady at £7 a £7 IDs tor rails anti bars.
Sugar easier. Coffee—stock scarce; . and quo
taiious have advanced la a 2s. Rico dull, but
liriuer. Tea quiet nnd are dy. Tallow nominal.
Linseed, no sales. Stocks scarco. Spirits
Turpautine nominal at 465. Petroleum quiet
and steady; R. lined, 3s 2d. Linseed Oil
nominal at dls ltd. Sperm Oil active. Ceil
Oil, 525. L'uaucd cakes tiuaotlled'
United Suites Five-T wen ties, 63J a 64 ;
Maryland Fives, 70; Virgiuip. Nixes, 27j|;
Maryland ixt-e, 52: lllin lis Central Railroad,
81} a 81J ; Erie Railroad 53} a 53}-
London, N v il—A u
Consols closed yes erduy ut 80 a 89} for
money. The w ekly return for the Rank of
England shuns an u crease ol £78,000 re bul
lion.
Ahiiiioan Stocks —The quotations closed
last evening at 81 •} tor Illinois Central Rail
road , 54 for Erie Railroad, aud 63} for United
Mtates Five-T wen ties.
LATEST.
Liverpool, Saturday, Nov. 11.
Cotton. — T be sales to day were 8 000 balee,
including 4,000 bales taken by speculators and
exporters. The market closed quiet nod un
changed
Rheahsterrs — The market is unchanged ;
ho quo nliorts
Puo t-io.NS—The market, is firmer. Lard
very dull.
Pu nucE — Petroleum firm, but no sales ; re
Aued quoted a' 1.
Loud n Muui'dav Evening, Nov 11.
Consult, closed at 89 89} lor money.
A« '•fiican Stocks -*-l n.imi*Ontrai Railroad
8l£‘82; Brie Rnitr )>td 54ti54j ; Uuiied Buttes
five- I'weuiit'd 03ju04.
Public Meeting In Memphis, Teu
ueßsee.
At a meoiin< of itie culz-ns of Memphis.
Tulin., recently, then© resolutions wef© read
aud adopted :
The people 6f M-mphisand of tho country
uround have assembled to testify tfieir souii
mentfl in regard to the measures and policy of
the ad ruin i "trillion ol t"© Goverunteot of th<-
TJniU'ci Staten, in I<h relations to ihe HtUteti and
people of tho houfch.
They then lore resolve :
1. Tuat t‘j« people of this portion, and of the
whole country of tJdO South «re, in the true
booh- of tho word, loyal to the Government of
tho IJfi.t*d Ktaroi—ready and deair »m lor lbs
reMioration of the Govei.ument in all ita consii
tuti • rial functions, over the States of <ho South,
and for the rotttoradorj ol the people of tho
South into equal and a<; ive panicipaiiou id tho
adminlHtratioa of the Government.
2 That tho people ol the South accept and
will maintain the union of the »S-au;s, in accord
ance with tho Ooirditution, one and mdivisi
hie, aud are ready and willing to pledge thorn
Helves to is inainUmanee, aud in good faith
and with an earnest will to promote the pros
perity, liberty, happiness and equality of tb©
whole common country, f, f om ocean to ocean,
and from the far borders of the North to th©
extreme limits of the 8 >u>h.
£3, That tbo po icy and measures of the ad
rninistr tion, aw inaugurated by Mr. LiOColn,
and pursued by Mr Johnson, f>r the restoration
of the Government of the Union over the South,
and for the restoration of the South into the
Union, rtceivc the cordial approval ot the peo
ple of the South; aud they so give their appro
val becau e ibo4e measure* aud iliat policy are
practically aud happily adapted to yestoro the
Government of the Union over tho South, and
"to restore the* B*.©tea of tho South with the
Union aud under the protection and equality o<
the OonHtllutiou ; ar and lo restore with the Coo
slituiion and the Union the harmony, fruteini
ty and bapplucfi* of the people of the South
with the people of the North, and to consolidate
and mamtaiu the peace of tl-o people and tbe
blesmugs of peace upon the whole country, and
to give to the whole people a common destiny,
a common prosperity, and a common govern
meDt of liberty aud equality, one, indivisible and
perpetual.
The Court of Appeals met in Columbia, 8. 0.,1
on the 28 h inst.
VOL. 2: —NO. 16.
The First Warlike Demnnitration of
(lit Fierce Fenians.
It will be seen by tne correspondence which
we pubi'S'i in .another column this morning
that the Fenians are now in fighting order.
President O K bony is up in arms aud eager
lor the Ira,. Ur B. Doran Killian, whoa* very
name is suggestive oi slaughter, is also full of
1 maitial ardor. The fi st warlike demonstra
tion ia not made against ibe English directly,
but is a grand strategical movement against one
us England's allies snd advocates—the celebra
ted and redoubtable Chevalier Raymond. . It
appo trs that the chevalier-had the impudence
to assort in bis newspaper, the Tubes, that Fe
uiantem is 'an imposture that its nsauagers
me a ‘ set of scamps,” and that tho issue of
Fenian bouda is a "swindle.”,concocted for the
pdfrpoueol supplying a lot oi,idlers with ‘'no
toriety aud pa taut leather bools." To disprove
these statements of the Times is a very easy
task. Toe British government and the G’ana
dinu authorities have already recognized Feui
anistn as a terrible reality ; the gantl men en
irnsted with ilia mauagemeni of the organist
'ion am well known tn be persons of honor
and integrity, anu me roceut purchases of arnas
aud auituunniou show that Ui« Fenian funds
am employed for other put poaeatbau providing
“notoriety and patent leather boois’’ lor tho
Brotherhood. 'The facta of the case being go
very clear and the objects of tbs Feuiana being
so publicly proclaimed and frankly avowed,
President. OUshony and Ur K liisn, me rt p
rest'ntauves of n e organisation in ilia cl y,
uaiurally felt aggrieved at tne Chevalier Ray
mond's nuarepresiniatintia Ood ihe curretpOud
eiioe to which we refer is toe result.
If ihe buhl Feuiana, are spoiling for a fight
we can coiigramate tnem upon having eel cted
the proper pi-rti'iu with w om to commence
their quarrel. The Ohevali. r Raymond is a
wiivnor o[ no common order, tie naa studied
military tactic- upon the gory battle fields of
boiteriiio an < Bull Ru* f illustraied the noble art
ol strategy by big briel out glorious campaign
upon "the elbows o the U ncio, tunned by tba
aynips bins of yoinli; dined at the satoc table
with the veteran Ueoeral Hcort and repeated all
the uoi'vcr-uctun afterwards, and served as a
high private newspaper correspondent on the
Peninsular under McClellan He was chased
by n phantom Austrian hussar during the
Italian war, and fled courageously from tho
imaginary Black Horse bava.iry at the com
mencement of the recent rebellion.' There is
no editor in lbs couury who baa wou more
victories on paper than the gi.llant Chevalier.
He conducted the late war to Ihe per ect sat
isfaction of himself and his friends, and he cap
tured Richmond and broke the backbone of
the rebellion more often than General Grant.
Ia liia fracas with the Fenians ho will be
hacked by me whule p wer of tho Albany and
Washington lobbies, led by the lamous Tbur
low Weed—n o man who winds up the sun
every day—who served us a drummer boy tn
the war of 1 fil'd, and to whosu merits as a
rough and-'umble lighter me Hon. Horace
Oreoly will chcorluilv certify. Oo tho other
hand P.esideut 0 Mahony and Hr. Killian are
supported by ini.uiiaerahle Fenian circles, in
ihls country, auada, England and Inland,
and an unlimited amount ol money in the iorm
ol Feiiisu bonds, which will shortly be on tale
in every quarter of tue world, including China,
Australia and Japan. The colors Os tue com
hsian s are already chosen ana displayed ; for
t President O Uahony sports the green above
lbs red, while the Chevalier Raymond ia in
lavor ofthe black-above the whi e. Th* fe
uians have their headquarters at Uulou |Square,
end the Chevalier Raymond baa ins at the
Oily Hall Park On the whole, therefore, we
consider this a very pretty quarrel as it stands;
aud we have uo doubt that, If it be carried to
the bitter end, a couple o.i comments will have
to ho drenched in blood and devastated with
fire and sword oeforo we ahull be able to de
finitely decide iho mimerons wagers laid upon
the contest. Unquestionably this llg.il will be
more laud than the cholera.
Under ordinary circuiusiances it might per
haps be suggisled that P. t aidant O Mahony
should have thrown his giove lo the Britisj
Anib.iasador to this oouniry, rather than to (be
Chevalier Raymond. The British Government
has uttereii more tmper indices IU regard to
tin fierce F u oils than the New Turk Tunes,
and ilie flmlsn Amim.sudor reprern ut biagov
ei nmuiit just us the Cb< valier Kay inond repre
sents his paper. But it hupp,-ns that dir Fred
eric Bruce is s diplomatist, snd not a fighting
man, while the Chevalier Kapmf.nd Is equally
skilled In diplomacy and m war. Besides this,
tho Chevalier has been an open ally ol Eng
land, snd President OManonys ocmuustta
liou upon him Is, therefore, a fl*ug movement
upon the enemy’s works The Cheva
lier Riyinond is English in his teste*, hit
liahits and his sympathies. He wears mut
ton chop will knrs aud raiment us the Loos
don siyle. His pap l r is named slier the London
Turn a; and his m st dlubui’ato speech m our
dune iiegi»ia'uru was a datemeof the iufumoua
cuiiiiuct us Uruut Britain m hr Tieut affair.
Huso cnciiinslsTicas may no alight in them
selves, but they show the animus of the Gr.eva
her, aud nuvo not be-u overluosed oy Presi
dent O Miihony and the ssiiaumsry Killian,
l b- 1 careful read, r of the corrmp.indenc- will
have observed, also, that wnili- Ur. Killian's lat
ter* are ol .he straightlorwgd lie.. a illeisb
acnool, tbo Chevalier Ri inond a Hie quite Engs'
lish in their tone Too Aral, f them laevideuuy
modelled alter Earl Russell’s |dlsp"tches, and
pruieueesa tort oi Brume ueuna.iiy ia regard
to the Fenians, although they had been abused
as imposters or the Timet ol bat very morning.
Just as Karl Ru trail first let the Alabama sail,
and then ask.d lor such inf irmstion as would
enable bnn to a- Uin ber, so ibeCnevalier Ray
mond first printed bis article condemning tne
Feni tne, slid ihen aake.i for “ ihe submission of
such lacts’’ as wou and lead lea change iu bis
opinion Nut less thoroughly English .a the
second letter ol the Chevalier, m which be
c.uli usiy inquires as to Ihe m anihg ol Ur.
Kmlau’s vo., frank note, with the obvious in
irnt-on et banding President O’ dabony and Mr.
Kinian ov.-r to the ponce it they admitted that
tuey had suit fami a challeuce. In bis third
note the Chevalier simply refuses a retraction,
■u> dues uot s»y whetuer or not e int nds to
figbi, thus leaving the aunject in the ver. posi- .
lion in which Rarl Rtuarll left the Alabama
qusiion when be deciiued compensatien and
arbitration, but would not say what he wre
going to do about it. Hill, la spite of his
British style ol correspuuth nee, we will guar
antee that tbs Chevalier Raymond meaas busi
ness He is a small man, but he h|s a great mili
tary reputation to sustain, aud we can assure
the boiq Fenians that tbsy have met with no
ordinary adversa-y, and that the world will
witness no ordinary conflict. The only doubts
in our mind concerning the matter are whether
we shall require a H-mer or a lludiftras <o do
justice to the combatants, and whether onr re
porter will need a horae or a telegraph to keep
up with the Chevalier Raymond’s rapid move
minis.
Gi EOKGIA, W ARBE.I CoUNTT.- *
r Wljoi.a., Ar.ha.au M Jack on applies
til me tor Letters of Bi.niia orv tram the estate
ol B.retro W. Pickling, deceased -
, These are there n e to cite and admonish, all
and singnlar, the k mired and creditors es said
ilrcersed, lobe and appear at my . ffiee within
the urn- pri-acri' ed by luW and show cause If
ar.y tn.-y nave, why ea and otters ahonid not be
K 'ti?ven under mv band at oBW, in Warren tea,
November 116th, Ififij. .
■ B. CODT,
nnvfiO-dm Ordinary.
OTICR —all peraona ladshed to ike
estate es Allred Heyofl are reqoe ted te
us .he imiardiate par mvn>, and ail theoe having
I'amands agalast said estate are > squealed to
present them ae oiding 'e law *
MARTHA MATER,
November Utfe, lffi*. nsrM dd