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About Weekly constitutionalist. (Augusta, Ga.) 185?-1877 | View Entire Issue (Dec. 13, 1865)
££ !^i' jt I/O" BY STOCKTON & CO. (DONSTITUTIO X A LIST OUR TERMS. Tbe following are tbe ra'es of Subscription and Advertising in the Constitution*list : WCEKLT—3 Months $1 00 G Months 2 00 Single Copies—lo cents. Advertisements inserted in the 'Weekly at $1 50 per Square for each insertion. To accommodate cur pitrofts we will receive in payment produce; such as Bacon, Lard, Butter, Flour and Meal, at the Market value, and it call be sent to us by Express at our ex pense. RASCALITY RAMPANT The popular super it if : on obtains among, certain utilitarian philosophers, that great Revolutions purify the iiatio.nl life, just as thunder storms purge the atmosphere. Noth ing is more trite, anil noth.rg, it seems to u 3 , so fallacious. That such should he true, un der certain conditions, nay be conceded. Sorrow occasionally is the salvation of rare spirits ; tve fear that it is the perdition es the majority. many is it given to dis cern the pr ividc-nee of Jehovah in an ambus cade of cloud-; not to. every people is vouch safed the lustration that sometimes follows the crash of systems. What boots it to rake np the cold ashes of a dead Past for illustra tion ; is not the livid Present sufficiently prominent to point a moral ? This people has just emerged from a bloody ,'agitation. According to the maxim-makers, we should Gave issued forth from this ordeal more magnanimous and moral than when we were the serfs of a roused and passionate ha tred. Gladly would vfe welcome sucli a con summation, if facts established its veracity, but when we gaze abroad or look at home, the bald den ; al stares us in the face. Are wc more Christian and moral than of yore ? We think not. Take any Northern journal, at random, am read the ghastly catalogue of parmcide, rob bery, speculation and divorce.♦ In the middle tier of Statea crime is only a little leas auda cious. Human life is about as valuable as 1 hat of the beasts that perish ; personal prop erty in continual danger from the prowling foot-pad and midnight burglar. Here, farther South, the reign of terror is spreading like an angry ulcer. Unusual theft is stalking in our midst, unwhipt f justice; inoffensive citizens abandon the thoroughfares and purlieus alter da k, li st perchance they fall into the grapple of minions of the moon.” ' This is a horri- ’ ble kind of existence, and demands a prompt and forcible rebuke. In wli t state of effi ciency are the police ? Let the virturo and manliness of our land confront this licentious Goliath and brain him deep into his dog fore head. The military authorities will certainly assist in the good work, and make the reform permanent. Give the rowdy full swinfc and no tyrant is so insatiable ; oppose him with the moral strength of an honest community, and he grovels like a reptile'that abhors the sun. Likewise are we afflicted with an Egyp tian plague of what may be denominated mi nor-impositions. Lollery swindles',are not ob o’ete, and tempting baits have conjured Mr, Chase’s emerald photographs out of the pocke's of thrifth s3 gents, giddy damsels, and impecunious but credulous members of a eon fraternity who peer into coffee grounds with . the eye of faith. Sturdy beggars have a thousand ingenious dodges to make charity a drab, aftd not one theory that terminates in -plough lines or boot-blacking. Rueful look ing little girls gather up .innumerable loaves for mothers long since translated. Brawny brigands discover a piteous sympathy for ideal orphan*. If*it were not a mounful sub ject, it would excite the risibilities of the man who saw nothing but sadness in the coming of the Spring-heralding daisy. Swendenborg, one of the best of men, deemed promiscuous charity an imprudence, and we have in our mind’s eye an individual, not the worst of men, who bestowed a largess upon the wretched father of sixteen starving children, and had the dismal satisfaction of putting a bachelor to b(d. WHITHER I The Federal Congress, now ia session, lias solemn duties to perform and solemn ques tions to decide. There is one question para mount: Tiib Status of the Southern Siyates. The Radical party contends that the insur gent States have sor r eited their rights by the act of revolution, therefore they arc, ipso facto, out of the Union. The Conservative Democracy, headed by the President, main tains that the Union has never been dissolved, and therefore, the rebellious States are s*ill members of tbe Union. Here is an amazing discrepancy of opinion, and. waen the antag onistic elements are championed with so much power, the vexed question assnmes propor tions truly august. The President is quote! as a man of the Jacksonian stamp. We all know out of what rough hickory the Radical cabal is fashioned. Here is a grave contest of intellectual and moral dynamics. One nr the ; other must go to the wall, for compromise i3 an obsolete word in the vocabulary of either. Before the Nor* hem elect‘ous many of our people nourished the fond hope that a re action had occurred due North, and further, that the President’s film stand in nir favor would mould the result of those election 3. Much to the dismay of such asp-rants, the in consistent Democracy was cloven down bff re the compact Republicans, and routed “ horse } foot and dragoons.” Up to that period the President never wavered in his policy ; since that period his demeanor has been anything but clement. Has the outside pressure been too strong, or is he liekling his opponents ■with a fine diplomatic straw ? We sincerely trust that -somcfhkig definite may b? arrived at instanter. If Congress is either too partisan or too timid to reach a conclusion, let tbe Supreme Court be the arb ter. Various objections have been raised against the admission of different Commonwealths or States to the enjoyment of their pristine rights. In North Carolina, Mr. Holden’s de feat wa£ regard* das tjufriendly. Georgia’s disinclination to repudiate looked- ugly. South Carolina became remiss by letting re pudiation go by default. All the insurrec tionary States are considered blamable for the election of certain individuals on the black list. Mr. Seward has very authoritatively stated that the South beyj better send idiots or fools to repre-ent her than obnoxious men. That were indeed a melancholy alternative. We are not permitted to dictate or advise. We simply ask tbe question which every person echoes: Are we to he in or out the Union, Territories or States ? The onus of decision rests upon the present Congres®, not with u 3 . What will they do with it and 113 ? Another Veto by Gov. Humphreys of Mis si-sippi. —lt will be recollected that Governor *3barkey, of Mississippi, after ho was appointed Provisional Governor, established special courts of Equity, which werqgfecoguized as legal by the Slate Convention. The Legislature now in session passed a law abolishing 'these courts, and the Governor vetoed it. The Legislature, thereupon, re-enacted it over the veto. The question of the constitutionality of the law abolishing the courts having been tried before Judge Swann, ho deoided that it was unconsti tutional. The special Equity Courts were, therefore, continued. The Legislature then resorted to the unusual step of enacting a law to punish thq Judges of these courts. Gov. Humphreys meet this with another yeto, as fol lows : Executive Office, Jackson Miss. ) Nov. 22, 1865. f To the Senate :» I herewith re*urn to the Senate a bill entitled “An act to punish usurpations of judicial and ministerial functions,” with my disapproval. I have on a previous occasion expressed the opirir ions that the Convention that met in Jackson in 1805 has recognized the special Courts of Equity now in existence aa constitutional courts of the State, for the purposes of dispos ing of the unfhqshed and instituted business of the same. All the reflections I have been able 10 give to the subject only confirms that opiuiou. ' No bill having for its purpose the punish mentof judicial and ministerial officers while in the performance of 4heir clearly constitutional functions, can receive my approval. (Signed) Benj. G. Humphreys, s Governor of Mississippi. The said bill was then taken up and passed, the Executive veto to the contrary uotwith. standiug, by ibe following vote: Ayes—Mr. President. Messrs. Anderson, Binford, Cain, Duncan, Jackson, King, Land, Lyl s, Martin, McCirgo, Montgomery, Mosely, Napier, Robinson, Seal, Stephens, Stone, Swctt, Taylor and Yerger—2l. Nays—Messrs. Hawkius, Lowry, Lyle, Mil ler, Smith and Wolff— 6. The veto*was sustained in the House—36 to 89. Religion of the Puritans. A writer in the Christian Witness, reviewing tbo’different religious societies of tho .wortd, gives the following vigorous picture of tho re ligious creed and practices of the sect of Puri tans: ' ‘ , The Puritms who left England settled at Plymouth and lotuided New England, profess ed to have fluff from persecution, and sought a place to worship God according to the dic tates and ligbis of con science, and to Chris tianize the Indian. They were not settled be fore they robbed tbe Indians, enslaved their women and children, sold them intofoieigp bondage, and visi eff the most inhuman and self degrading cruelties upon all classes with whom they in contact. They plundered the towns of the natives. They employed and paid assassins. Bribes were paid for tho as sassination of chiefs. They burnt buudreds of the natives ahve. They roasted at the stuke women and children, aud burned them in heaps. Their ablest and favorite divines declared that the burning of four hundred Indians at once, mostly women aud cnildren, seemed a savor of God, while they admitted it was awful to see their blood running and quenching the violence of the burning wood, and smell tho stench. Matoer himself boasted that they “had that day sent four hundred souls to hell.” They turned up6n the Quakers. They ira pceed heavy fines for hearing them speak.— The passe 1 laws again3t»H other seels. They flogged iuhumanly * omen and children. They put them ia prison and whipped them daily.— They cut off their ears. They bored their tongues with red hot irons. They hung men, women and children as witches and continued for tiity years The colonies of New England were threatened with ab3o‘ute extermination by their fanalirism. They exerted Baptists a: and Catholics They drove women and helpless children, under the severest peualties, to setk protection among the savages, where they were all murdered because they differed with them on metaphysical divinity. Mather, the clergy, Governors and Legislatures all com bined and vied w tL e .ch other hi radical fury and hate. As late as 1740 they exacted tbe most barbarous laws against sectarianism, and enforced the Say brook platform. And this was all cbno a’ter the geniuses above named had written. Chauyer had three centuries before wtitien the Canterbury Tales.! Spencer had given tho wdfld the Fairy Queen ; and drawn the character of Arthur. A man whose calling to please the world in an ago of almost universal corruption, haa made Portia to plead like an had drawn the character of Duncan, Miranda and Antonia. Massinger had written ; and Milton had eung the subli mest epic in the world. Bacon had written Novum Orgaaum. Mugna Quarter had been a law over four hundred years. The Petition of Rights bad been obtained fifty years before, aud Locke hud .written on tbe toleration in exile.” Hon R. 11. Clark —A correspondent of the Macon Tri graph pays a handsome and de served cenip iraent to Judge Cia« k, ia rc<m mending him tor the vacancy occasion'd by tbe election of Judge Jaokio3 to the Governor ship. The correspondent says : As it r-.tms to be the unanimous re : olvc- of ibe people of our that our distinguished frllow citizen, Chna. J. Jenkins, nomen clarum et memorabi’e t shall be our next Governor, thus making it m-ceisarj in the reorganization of civil > ffairs to select from the laminarias of the law another to fill bi3 seat upon the su preme bench —and as the l-gisiature i3 to meet Ia a short time, it may not be inappropriate to suggest in ihh connection the name of the Hon. R cVard II Clark, of Albany. Judge C. is a genial an i chivahous gentleman, of fine social qualities, generoua impulses and ucsul ied honor, a finished schol it, a lawyer o! ex tensive and profound acquirements, an advo cate of rare powers of argumentation and brilliant 'hocy; ia ail respects emine >tly qual ified for this important and exal'ed trust. AUGUSTA, GA.-WEDNESDAY MORNING, DECEMBER 13, 1865 Inauguration of the Constitutional Governor of South Carolina. SPEECHES OF GOVERNORS PERRY, ORR AND LIEUTENANT GOVERNOR PORTER. The Columbia correspondent of the Charles ton Daily NuW3 gives a full account of the inauguration ceremonies on Wednesday last, from which we copy the speeches of Provisional Governor Perry, Governor Orr and Lieutenant Governor Porter: Columbia, Nav. 29.—At half-past one o’clock Hr. Grey, the door keeper of the Uout’e. of It presentatives, cried out, “Make way for the Senate,” and a few moments afterwards, “ Make way for the Provisiouul Governor and the Governor elect.** Ths Senate being seat ed, the Provisional Governor, the Governor elect, and the venerable Chief Justice of tne State, entered the Hali. GOVERNOR PERRY’S SFEZCII. Senators and Members of the House of Repre sentatives : I have come here to-day to bid 3 ou farewell as Provisional Governor of South Carodua, aud to congratulate you on tho restoration of the State once more to self-govern mint and in dependence, as a lueinb r of the Federal Union. Like the leader of God’s chosen people of, old, I have had the honor of conducting you through the wilderness, within sight of the promised bind, but am uot permitted to enter it. Tnat great boon has been r served for my distinguished friend, who i3 now about to be inaugurated as the first Chief Magistrate of the State ever elected by the sov. reign people. If uot within three days, he will within a very chort time be able to pass you ovo the confu sion and military rule, u idi-r which you have so long lived, to that happy sUtein which you ’will be able to govern yourselves, and enjoy all the tights and pt iveleges of a frep and en -1 ghtened people Under his wise and able administration I hope to see the good old Suite revive, prosper, and be once more happy. lam .sure, gentlemen, that I may buy with perfect propriety, as tho representative Os the Federal govern in lit- m Sou til Caroliua, that the State has done enough to ontiile hor to be received back as a member of the Federal Union, with all ol her Constitutional rights fully restored. She was foremost its assuming tbeTo.it of danger in the recent revolution, and in her appeal to arms in defence of what she honestly believed to bo her reserved rights as a Stale. Gallantly and nobly her sons fought through the war, pouting out their bbod and sacrificing their lives on almost every battle field throughout the Southern States. When conquered by overwhelming numbers, seeing their towns and villages uott.iog but smoul dering ruitin, their beloved SLaie a widespread desolation, tlreir wives and sisters and little children aud aged pareutsatthe point of starva tion, like brave men they accepted tho decrees of God, and submitted themselves to tho and re fortunes of war. Sad and silent, with manly' fortitude and firmness, they awaited the terms of the conqueror. Who, those terms were made known, they were firs!, wi h a generous pride and high chivalry, to assume the humili ation which their State had been foremost in bringing oq our common coun'ry. As soon as the Prt sklent's Proclamation was issued, the people of South Carolina went cheer fully forward and took the amnesty oath They promptly assembled in Convention, under the order of the Provisional Governor, and reform ed their Slate Constitution, as was desireoby the President. They abolished slavery, and freely gave up taeir two hundred millions in vested in slaves. W. en advised to adopt the Constitutional Amendment to the Constitution es the United States abolishing slavery, South Carolina was the first Southern State which ratified the same, ano set an example for her sister States to follow. She has been first, also, in preparing a wise arid hnmafie code of laws for the protection of the freedmen in all their rights of personal property, and allowing them to give testimony in ner Cnurtg of Justice.- She has now elected her Ileprcsentalipes in' both Houses of Congre.-s, aud commissi.)Led them to take their seats in that body. She h;s org-t:iiz;d a perfect State govonraent wi h Legislative, Exo-utivo aud Judiciary Depart* merits, all republican in their character, and the members of each swearing to support the Constitution of t* e United Suites. Her ordi nances of Beqt’SsioQ have been repealed, and she now pledges herself 10 stand by the Union in good faith at>d with all sincerity. Having doue nil this, you and j’our S ate have done your <lu y, gracefully and faithfully, as becomes a gallant and generous people, who are never afraid to assume any position where honor and patriotism piompt? I know tho President desires to relieve >cru of military rule, and see year Ueproseiitativcs onco more seated in the councils of the nation. I cmnot believe that Congress will exdude them by a test oath, which does not apply to members of Congress, for they aie not olfictys of tho Federal govern ment, a3 was early decided in tho history of our government. Nor has Congress any power to impose on its members any other oath than that prescribed in the Constitution. To admit coutraiy doctrine, wou.d enable the majority in Congress to exclude the minorky, because they were Democrats, or Siatos Rig ha’ men, or pro fessed any other principles repugnant to the creed of ibb majority. The Constitutional oath was Avisely ordained, and excludes ail other oaths. The powers of Congress are delegated and specific, and they have no others. The reason for the passage of the test oath has passed away, and it lo* repealed, no one in South Caroliua can fill a federal office till anew generation has sprung up, for all living, men, women, and children, did, in some way, coun tenance tho war. It is known to you, gentlemen, that I was opposed to tae secession of South Carolina.— N<» man in America regretted moro deeply titan I did tuis fatal movement, for f though* I foresaw all the evil consequences which have resulted from it. But, when tho issue was made, ray feeiings ia sympathy wore all with my native S ate. And yet, 1 consci ntiously believed that even the success of the Southern Slates would be (k-astrous. The jealousies aril errors of the Grecian .States frero con stantly in my mind. Disintegration once commenced in a confederation of republics, no one could foresee where it would end, exe pt in p tty tyrannies, a consolidated military despotism. Henceforth, no one will repudiate the fare well advice of Washingt n, an to the importance and perp« tuiiy of the Federal Union. It lias shown a power and strength, moral aud phy sical, which defy dissolution, till some extraor dinary change has taken place in the condition of the people. The tendency of civilizat ion is to enlarge governments, and not 10 and sinte grate t' em A : i cases of discontent or di satis-, lac:ion between the *N irth and the Saudi have been removed by tho abolition of slavery. — Tho different sections of this great republic are mutually dependent on each other. The Southern States plant oottorf, and the Northern Scales maniifaciurft.it. Thfe great West grows grain, and-raises live stock for the Supply of both seeriorui. We all speak the same hn gnage, and have t ie same common origin. Our opinions and feelings in re-gar i to the repub lican principles of government are idtatrcai There is, teo, a similarity iu our purf-ui s aid habits, manners, cu*iom?, and religion and education. History teaches a j , that the present asperity of feelin ', which may exist iu the breads of many, in consequence of the wrongs and in juries of tbe war, will soon we*roiit. Brave and honorable, m-n are always ready and willing to become reconciled. History teaches us, too, that the ravages of war are much more ea-ily r- paired than one ia ant to sup* poae. An industrious and enterprising people willsjon restore a ooantry dteolated by war. Such a people may soon convert » wilderness into productive aud highly improved farms No one need despair of the State. In a few years, with peace and industry, everything will change aud wear a prosperous and happy aspect. • You have, gentlemen, in your legislative capacity, arduous and responsible duties to perform, requiring great 'prudence and fore thought. Your finances and banking system, now prostrate, have to be restored ; your laws have to bo amended ts suit the changed con dition of the States your miktia system, row more important than ev§r, requires your ear liest considsntion ; your judiciary’must be restored, and in seme respects te would be proper to make improvement* in the system But I am trespassing on tho prerogatives of the Constitutional ail of my communications, as thdSepreaentAtiveof the Federal government, must be made throylph him and to him. Iho aernc&t devoutly that! may have none to make, one, whicn authorizes me to saydhat tbtfWesidant of the United States recognizes Carolina once moro us a member of the Frsfotiitt Union, fully restored to all her constitution all rights. Iu conclusion, gentlepoen, let me return you my most grateful thafiks for tfee very flattering manner in which yon have conferred on me the high and distingished trust of representing the Slate of South Caroliua in the Senate of the .United States. And let me assure you that all my e lergits and humble talents will be devoted to the promotion 9 f the be3t interests of the State, hor welfare aud honor. I bid you an affectionate adieu. GOVERNOR ORR’S SPEECH. Gentlemen of the Senate and Uouse of Represen tatives : The Constitution of South Carolina requires that the oath of office of the Governor shall be taken ii your presence ; and wttginoeial usage requires him to make, on snofSn occasion, a brief exposition of the principles which will control his administration. IP. The high houor conferred on me by a majori ty of my fellow citizens, in choosing me their first Governor under the new Constitution, and the eventful period in the S ate’s history when the selection is made, fiils me with a sense of tho protoundest gratitude. I approach its grave duties and responsibilities with the deep* e3t humility, aud with a sincere distrust of my capacity tor discharge theta in such manner as to satisfy the reasonable expectation of the State. ' 1 Under these circumstances I can veuturo with satety to tuako at least one pledge to the people of this aucieut Coranv»jiwealth ; that all the zeal and energy of my nature, during my official term, shall bo earnestly and constantly devoted Vo their service. With the uniform practice oUliat partiality wlcoh caused them to el.va 0 me to this great ollieqy I trust they will ex.-rciae a geoerqua confidence in all the acta o’ my administration, al.vuy* giving mb full credit lor just and patriotic Motives. The State ia t ow just cutting upon anew aud untried career, where thoio is much to hope lor un i not a little to fear. All of our land marks iu politics have been swept off by the tiiva of war. Our social and industrial eyes terra have perished from tho |uiue unrelenting and unpitying feause. SoineJbf our most dia» tiuguished citizens, and m*ry of our most promising youug men, have wlen martyrs to the ftheiout principles of South; Caroliua. Grief over ibe biers of the loved ok»s has tilled every household, and the tears of tbe widow and tho orphan havo bedewed every hoimhstoue. And yet, amid this general wreck in all the relations of life, it would be unmanly to despond. Tho highest courage and the sternest fortitude is demui.ded wherever the heaviest calumnies oyeitake and threaten to engulpa us. * The people of South Caro ma seceded from tho Federal Uniop under an honest and earn est conviation that they had the constitution tl right 10 do so; and they were equally earn cst and honest in tne conviction that their iu tercst and the security of a very large prop erty in slaves required them to resort to tnis extreme meaturo. Other Slates united with her to set up anew government. The Exec utive, the Legislative and the Judicial Depart ments 01 the United .StuU/3 Government all do uied tho right which we had asserted, and var ensued All paitiee knew that shivery was the real foundation of the collision be tween the sections. The South engaged in it to preserve aud perpetnato it;, the North to destroy it, Four years of bloody, desolating war was spent in settling tho issue which had beeu committed to the arbitrament of the sworß ; and that High Tribunal, from which there is no earthly appeal, decided the cause against us. llwasa hiial, irreversible decree. We were exhausted, our armies surrendered, our last avai able recruit had been sent to (he trout, and our resources were i\l! consumed.— Wo succumbed to the powers of the United States, and under the wise and magnanimous policy of President Johnson, we will, I hope and believe, very soon be restored to air our persoual and political rights in the Federal Union, on terms of perfect equality with all the States of that powe: ful sisterhood. Thaw.tr was decided, first: That one or more of the Stales of the Federal Union have uot the right, at will, to secede therefrom. The doctrine of sec ssion, w hich was held to be orthodox in the Statu Rights school of poli ties, is now exploded tor any practical pur pose. The theory of absolute sovereignty of a dtate of tho Federal Union (from whence was derived the right to secede), which was be lieved almost universally to he a sound con3ti lulicria! construction, must also be materially modified to conform to tr.is imposing decision. In ail the powers granted in tbe Uoastitution to tho Federal gov rument it is supreme and sovereign, aud mii3t be obeyed aud re.tppctea accordingly. Where tbe rights of a Slate are disregarded, or unconstitutional acts done by any department of the Feder 1 goverrrfnent, re dress can no longer be sought by interposing tbd sovereignty of the Kiate, either for nuliifi caiioH or secession ; but the remedy is by peti tion or remonßtrauce —by reason, wuicii sooner or liter will overtake juslietf— by an appml to the Arpieme judicial power of the Union; or by revolution, which, it successful, is treason The decision" was far more imposing and ooligatory tliuu it it had, been pronounced by Supreme Court of the United States. Had it been tried there, nn effort to reserve it might have been" made, because its members and opinions otto >ch rnge. Rut the Clod of Rattles has pronounced an irreversible judgement, after a l .inl, desperate and sanguinary stru ;gle, a id it would be ueitber politic i/or patriotic ever again to invoke anew trial of the fearful issue. The clem ricy which President Johnson hits bo generously extended to m any of cur citizens, in granting luiiand tree pardon lor participa tion in lire late revolution, does honor to his slatesmauship aud to his*'sense of justice. He D tbe ruling power of a greatand triumphant government, and by his policy will attach by cords stronger than “triple Bleep' the citizens of one entile section of the Union to that gov* e.-nmeot which he has so long and so ably sup per led and main Mined, lie w.is well acquaint ed vieb the Soiih—with their politics and noiiiicians, .and knew however erroneous in his judgment may Hate been their political priueipuM, tnat they hdn'-stiy entertained the :i>utiur i.U, which they professed, and lor which t.iey pcii led their til; and alter tailing in their end. wbeir they proposed to return to their loyalty, th.t humanity and policy dictated that they thou and hot he hunted down for ignomin ious punishment. I shall give his policy of reennstruciion an arced aud zealous support. The war d'cided, second: That slavery should be totally and aUolutifly exterminated in alltbeSules of tbeUnioo. The Convention of this State, wiih siagu ar unanimity an ,i promptness, accep'ed the result of the issue made, aud declared iu the fundamental law "that slaves having been erp'.nciufttcd by the action of the United States authorities, slavery should never be re-established iu this 3 ate ” The Legislature haw-foliowed up the action of the t'ouveutiou, by pausing the Coi.stim tioual Amendment proposed by tho Federal Congress, prohibiting slavory everywhere in the United States, mtd conferring mi Congress power to carry Abo same iuto ctV.-ci. Slavery in America is, therefore* fo-cver exiinct. The people of South Carolina huge acquiesced in this sequence of tho war wiih remarkable cheermlnesf, especially wh n it-is noted that her people have boon tho staunchest defenders of th© institution, on principles of policy, for more than a century —that hoc i .U-nv t .in, tip! institution was greater, relatively, than auy of her sisters, ils c-wu value at tho beginning of tho war being more than two hundred millions of dollars—and that, from a settled conviction, her two great staples of ,cnitoti sud rice could only ha successfully cultivated by compulsory labor. The UouvenUon and tho LngislatiPo, both recently elected by tho people, havo no doubt faithfully represented tho sentiments of their constituents on this eubject, and it cannot bo doubted that, ainco the slavo is emancipated it is. the fixed pui pose of the people to secure to him iris rights of [itruon nml property ns a frtodman—that a just remuneration shall be paid him for Iris lab r, aud that he shall bo protected against tho irmid and vLJoace of t.iio artful and Jawloss. The importance of your legislation, regulating tho 'relative rights and duliesof the whites aud iho freedimm, at your present sejsiou, cannot be over-estimated. The vital interests of tho Siut.a; in my judgment, aro dependent solely upon tho laws yotf may pass witli reference to this population. They must be rohtitfiued froin thefi, idleness, vagran cy aud crime, aud taught tho absolute ncce.t l ty of strictly complying with their contracts for labor. They mint bo protected In their persou and properly ; and, for a few years at least, some supervisory power should lie esiab lished to ratify th ir contracts for I rhor, until thoiv experience au i increasing knowledge may teach them to guard against the craft of tho unscrupulous. To insure his protection of perasu aud properly, aud to guard' society against tumultuous disturbances of tho peace— against trespasses, retaliations and as.vas3ina. tious—it will bo indispensably necessary to modify tbo rubs of evidence so as to permit tho negro to testify in aU cases yvlieto his rights of person aud property are involved. Tho labor of every negro in the State is needed, if not to till the soil, in some other useful employment—tor tho culture of c tton ttml rico ; and, in all nu-utal occupations, it is vory doubtful whether auy laborers in this country or in Europe can supply hi i place. His long aud thorough training in those employ ments give hint a ceitain skill and aptitude which a straugcr cau ni ly.oW and i by cxp.>ricn'oo It is, therefore, of Iho first iinporiau.-c mat till h a policy ehotild be adopted as will enable tho. farmers and plantern to employ tho negro, aud that ho should romaiu cheerful aud cun* tented. But there iu an ther consideration nromp lng us to legislate humanely uud justly ter tho ne gro. Ho has boon boru avid reared am mg us, and while ho has, unfortunately, qualities that stamp his inferiority to the while man, he pus. Besses others that invite o:r respect. Asa class, during tho war, their loyalty to their owners and to society was worthy'of the high est commendation. In no sioglu instance, oven whore the slave population preppuih rated over the whites as an hundred to one, Was there an outbreak or insurrection. With a full knowl edge 0,0 their part of tho nature of tho contest, uud tho deep personal interest they had in its issue, is it not woDdorlul that they quietly pur sued their labor, and mainly rtrodttced the wip plits that led our armies ? If there bo ronsm to complain that the negro has been emancipa ted in derogation of tho right and interest of the owner, such complaint cannot lie lodged against him ; whatever oi hi feeling icxfstg iu the minds of former ownrm .for the present state of affairs, It in not just that it should bo visited upon him. Interest and humanity re quires us to treat him kindly, and to elovato him, morally and intellectually ; it will make him a better laborer, neighbor add man. Sud denly relieved h orn the restraints of tho servile condition iu which he was born ahd roared,'llls ignorance caq excite no,surprise ; nor cun wo hape that he will eschew vice and crime. If he is to live in our midst, none aro so deeply in terested In enlightening uud ulava'ing him as ourselves. The Constitution of the United States recog nizrd proporty in slaves, and an appropri ilion was made by Gomrrc.i3 to indmnntfy nluve owners in tho District of Columbia, whon slavery wajf abolished there iu IHO 1 . 1, there fore, cherish the hope that Congress will, as Boon aa tho public debt is provided ior, make somejuat aifd equilabl) urmogeaiaut to make the citiZenß of the South some compensation for the slaves manumitted by the Unfed Stales authorities The pnrrui'S of Smth Carolina havi not leretofore been sufficiently diversified. 'Ag riculture was the great busmens of tho State.— The mcchunic, the manufacturer and ihe arti san have not _b<ren encouraged to migrate hither, and the native population have not embarked iu these employments. The result has been that m .stiff tile proctrels oi tho two great Btaple crops—cotton and . ice—hav. been expended without the limits or,the State, in purchasing such ueceaatrv articles as should have been fah.icated or manufactured within our borders. Every facility aud encouragement should te given by the State government and by the people to emigrants from the North and from Europe, so that this great deficiency in skilled labor may, at an errly day, besupplled. Under our former iiyetem ofiabbr emigration war 'discount maocca from an apprehension that the emigrants, when they' loeited ia tbe ountry, would prove nos'ile and dangerous to me institution of slavery from want erf knowl edge and s.i rupathy with it. The great change in the condition of the negroes ha., removed this objection, aud the material prosperity of tbe State imperatively demands a great in cretseof agricultural aud skilled mechanical labor. The preedit is a most auspicious time for embarking In manufsciunog pur-nils The high tariff, which is likely to h > continued for many years without material reduction, jrrom i-cs such protection to thin inter t, os w ill en aTrie every branch of manufactures to he devel oped. The extensive water power in the central, northern and western parlous of the State—the salnbrlou-ncm es the clim.it-.. -tire equable temperature—the facilities lor trans portation over Uio railroads penetrating s c.ion of the State- invite eapitaliaw, at homo and abroad, to invest ihoir money in ' these enter prises promising such handsome remunerating rewards. Companies" >.re already being organ izvd to negotiate the selling and purchasing of iauds and manufacturing sites ; srr j wherever a citizen owns a wuUr-p ,w.r, and is unubloto improve it with his own mean*, let him invite hit neighbors to f s-rir a Torn parry, and if that falls, iilpito strangers ; and if-ihti fails, let him sell to those it ho will improve and devil ip It. Ry well directed enterpri ■« and energy every water power in the Stole, iu .. lew brief years, wiil be decorated with a manufactory or u roa chine shop. Tee ftcuumu ation of capital aid the great inllux of population it will brir.g will stimulate industry. Tho ftrrner having a home market can divers! y his labor and make it more profitable. Ac ivi'y will bo imparted to commercial pursuits. Manufactures will fl Ur iah and yield large proli.s to tneir owners, fos tered and protected as they will be lor many years by high protective tariffs. A harmoni ous combination of sgr.culture, commerco and rnanufac ures—and all of them un- inviting in this State—will bring us wealth ar and prosperity. We can thru build up school houses, cliqrcbes and colleges, and m\ke new Carolina not Ull" worthy of the fame aud reuowu of old Carolina. Our first great want ia enterprise aud indus try—if wo will them we command them. Our next great want ia skilled labor—this mint come from the North and from Europe; it will not come if we do uot invite it and extend the hand of frictfdship to too immigrant. If lie is looked upon with enmity aud suspicion, it can not be exp e'ed that he will make your coub try tho home of himself and his descendants; and other States more sagacious, wiil derive llio benefit of his skill, capital aud citizenship Our Inst want is capkal to devclopo (ho great aud varied resources of this State. It is to bo obuuned by lrbor, and from abroad, by making its prdfits remnueiulivo to the owner. With those wants sunphotl, there ia no reason to. view our future gloomily; on tho conlrary, there ii much to hope for ourselves uud our po-teriiy. , Wo havo emerged from a long and disastrous war, with ottr cities and towns burnt, our houses destroyed, our fields and plantations ravaged, and our wealth scattered, but wo aro ia no v.oreo condition than our’forefathers \jrbeu they cam* out of tho revolution. Their virlucqanii lobar and economy soon mado thorn tv more pypspuroua people than over before. Why may not Iho sbiuo qualities wlrrit out tho same happy result for us ? It is vain to in dulge in repininga over the misfortunes of the past.- Oor work is with and for tiro future. If wo aro to deserve well of tho country and of posterity, it must depend on tho fidelity with which it is executed. Anew Constitution has been adopted, and by it jour government has been liberalized, every citizen may u?ph o to its honors ; audit esteamed worthy by hid fellows, m-y oesupy Its high plac s. It me i'a a fair trial from tha people, and will doubtless receive it. Tne hope is ardently cherished by me that every change 'nude In the old Oouslilulion may prove a sain "tary relorui. With tho courts speedily opeueu, anil it strict enforcement of th* criminal law, the evil passions of bad and iueinisiderate men will bo rostraured, and order soou' restored to society. Tiia total destruction of largo tracts of coun try by an invndiug army, and tho ex 'auation of the State consequent upon a long war, in capacitates tho people from, paying th* usual amount of taxes, aud it behooves all depart ments of the government to practice aud on lotco a r gid economy. Tito annual itppropri atious heretofore made will undergo theclosvst scrutiny, and whenever a reduiillou eah be made, or the app opriadou entirely dispensed with, it wi Iho c1..u0 AT supermtinuiary of fices aboiiahud, aud the salaried of those con tinued .reduced whenever it can ho done with out detriment to thoaniblic service, an that the expenditures for the support, of the government will he reduced to tho most frugal stand if.l The Exccmivo Department will cordially co operate with you in all measures to reduce Ihe expenses ofthu Stale to the lowest standard Compatible with its ofllebnt administration. Invoking the blessing of Almighty God on turf united efforts to umelioralo tho condition of our disolnted und nfilictod coun'ry, and ap pealing to Him lor wisdom, modeiut.on und iorti'.ude in the discharge of our grave and arduouH labors. I am prepared to take the oulh to support the UoUHtiiutiou ot this Stnto uud tho United Stales, and enter upon theduiiusuf Chief Magistrate of South Carolina. Sl’tlKthl QF I.IIttn'HNANT-tIOVEUNOK PASTE!!. Gentlemen of tho Senate anil House of Representatives; To the good peoplp of tho tilato, through you as their chosen representatives, f return my sincere thanks for the honor eoutbrred on mo. During a term of public sorvioo, running through a period of tweuty-llvo yours, it lias not boon my lot before to niHko any nppoul to the whole people of the Stats, or to reoeive any previous proof of their trust and confi dence. Regarding this election ns a token of their favor aud approbation, 1 receive ii with ihuukfiilncrs, ana snail always cherish it with prido. •, Tne amended Constitution of the S nlo pro vides that tlio Lieutenant Govurudr shnll set its President of tho Senate. It will now become my duty to provide over the deliberations of that body. Happily tho duties of the Chair aro not sirango to me, and my recollection ol ihe kindness and eoiuTosy of Hanators in former days raaktoi pie fuel that I shall s'ill be among friends, who will extend to me all the indul gence and au; port lliut may ho needed. A groat change has oomo over us within Iho last year. Tho evidence of it aro every whero übout ua—hi prostration, wreck and ruin. All. all is changed, nave bur mutual friendships und the deep, unwavering love wo loci for our State, tlie common mother of us all Tho former have sostn.nid us iu all our trials, arid of tho latter nothing but death cau deprive us—-.or war, nor pu.ito, nor prosperity, nor adversity, nor tho uoauges ol time, nor tho turning tide pf fortune. Lika true children, In the hour of distress, wc cling closer to the bosom which has nourished us. It is our refuge and our strength. The past in fixed beyond recall Wo esnuot niter it, hut uo may learn much from ils teach ings, if wo uro wive to improve tlie occasion It is witlt tiro present and future wo have to deal. It dues uot pertain to ray office to sug gest meusurcs necessary for your consideration, but I uiny ho permitted to say a word or two iu relation to the spirit and temper in which wo should deul with the present exigencies Wo slroultfof course,*' realize our true aituuiiou In its sud extent, and should also realize that what may ho right and proper in relation to thejeoudition of things, ’may uot ueeesaarily bo either right or proper iu relation to another and different condition of things. The great obstacles wo have to encounter arc in our prido aud prejudices—in feelings and opinions that aro iradil.onal with us, and have grown to be a purl ol our second nature. The question of houor or dishonor, iu any particular can-, must bo resolved hy each individual lor himself. It depends upon tho mind, tho Interest, the pur pose. It depends much, too, upon tho relative situation of tire parties. .There tuny ho moro dobonor in requiring und enforcing a condition than in accepting und suoniitting to it. Be tween victor uud vanquished, ho is most mag nanimous woo rises to the tugboat levels of the occasion, and host saddles the requirements oi honor, eolfarospect, truthfulness anil generosi ty. Bat, certainly, ho who acts well Ms part in advers,.) circumstances, must command re spect, and need uot fear humiliation. Especial ly, now, iu practical mat ers, should he guard against an obsliuuto adherence to theory, without sufficient regard to new facts aid con ditions. "Tor example—we have reu uncod slave labor and accepted free labor. Lot us not condemn the latter iu advance. L us not prejudice its failure. This is the way to insure failure. L t usgivo it fair play aria deal with it like tnon who are determined it shall succeed. This is'the way to insure success Oar own interests and the interests ol those whoso lot in cast wiili us, tho happiness and prosperity of our State, depend upon our grappling inis groat industrial prqblem in good faith and with a liravo, «.ieerlul, confident and determined spirit. Tne woik of recreation is iu our humls, and it wo shall eupeted iu building up- anew our waste places, uudTn layings sure luuudatiou of a largo anil enduring prosperity, the hi ss irigs of those who ome alttr us will re»t op hi our namos.; Our people hxv ■ pledged anew their faith to the government of the United Suites. This i-: a matter ol honor ; and they, will w- U noil truly redeem their faith. Those who doubt th in do not kuow them. They have bein brave in war, and wiil be true in peace. To «ls ctcutlnmaaiu now would bea hollow mock ery—the basest of hypocrisies. It cannot be | expected of them. Tiiey have their griefs and j their memories. Tucse are sscred and are en- yOL. 23--NO. 27. tilled (o respect, nnd canhot be taken from i them; bnt they will not suffer them to come in yonflict wiili ,heir duties. All that they ask in return is a truth and a faith commensurate wiWh thiir own, and so may belaid the tbunda tiotf-vf a'■or.Sdence that will be firm and en-- dnrinfc, and will ripen, in time, into gooff will, esteem, and harmony that caa alone make a government a blessing or a people contented and heppr. the adilfess ended, the Chief Justice admini stered the oath of ofliee, arid South Carolina, was again able to boast of a Governor and Ijieuteitaut Governor cf her own choosing. It is to be ho[ied that her choice will be approved at Washington. 1} ie to be prayed that the travail is over nml Uhe now birtb baa taken place. It is to bc'd^c : red that the agony baa passed, and that the bloody sweat ban been wiped away from her brow. It h, to be wish ed that Jhe humiliation, the grief and tbo sor row, may have giteu way to returning happi-. dcjS und prosperity. The Shenandoah. cut w,Ai Dr;u/a leix»b to babi, russull. Stkauku Shxnakdoah, Nov. 6, 1885. To the Right Hun, ISnrl itussell, Her Britgojc ■ Majesty’s Minister for For ign A hairs: A""' 1 he.vo the honor to annonneo to yoijr lord- . ship my atrivul in the waters of the Mersey, with this, vessel, lately a ship of war in piy comnund belonging to the Confederate Statia of America. The sirgul.ir position in which I find myself placed, and thu absence of all precedents on tho subject, will, i trust* induce jour lord ship to pat don a hasty rC ereuco to a tew facts contacted with the cruise lately made by tnis shin t commissioned the ship in October, 1801, tinder orders from the Naval Department of the Uonfe-dcrttle States; and, itt pursuance of the same, commenced actively cruising against the enemy's commerce. My orders di rected nte to visit certain seua in pi efertince to others. In obedtence thereto, 1 found myself in tiny, June and July ot this year tit the Ochotsk Sea and Atctic Ocean. Both places, if not quite isolated, are. s' ill so far removed from the erdiuary channels of commerce, that mouths would elapse before tiny news could reach there us to the progress or terminition of the American war. » In consequence of this awkward oircum-t stacco 1 was engaged in the Arctic Ocean in ucta of war so late as the 28th day of June, in ignorance of the series of reverses sustained by our arms in tho Held and the obliteration of the government under whose authority 1 had been tiding. The intelligence I received fur the ii.st time on comiucrciauiiig at sea, un iltci 2d of August, with tlie British It trie Harracouta, of I,ivtrpbol, fourteen days from Sap Fra cis co. Your lordship can imagine my surprise at the receipt of futlr intelligence, and I would hay., given to it little consideration if an Eng lishman's opinion did not eon firm tho war news, though front ail enemy’s port. I desisted immediately from turther acts of war, and de'ermiued to suspend further action unti’ 1 had communicated with an European port, when I would learn it that inteliigenue was true, it would not have been intelligent in urn to eouv y this vessel to nn American port simply btcause the master ot the Ilarra. coutn.had said the war was ended. I was in sin embarrassing position. I diligently clamm ed all the law writers at my command, search ing a precedent lor my guidance in the future conn nl, management and final disposal of tho vessel. I could find tionu. History is, I be lieve, without u parallel. Finding the author rity questionable under which I considnrtd this vessel a ship of war, i immediately discontinu ed cruising and shaped ,my course for the At lantic Ocean As to the ship’s disposal T do not consider that I have any right to destroy her, or uny further right to command hir. (Bi the con trary, 1 think that ns all the property of the Confederate government lies reverted, by the fortune of war, to tho governqieut qf the Unia ted States of North America, that therefore this vessel, inasmuch as it was property.of tho Confederate States, should accompany the other property already reverted. I have, there fore, sought litis port ala suitable one “.to learn the news,’’ and, if 1 am Ivitliout«u government, to Surrender the ship, with her buttery, smell-turns, machinery, stones, tackle and apparel complete to her Majesty's govern ment, for such disposition ns in its wisdom should bo deemed proper. James j. Waddw.l, Ooirimnndcr. Ciimc In Irclund. For many years British moralists havo been in the habit of pointing to Ireland es “the bluelt spot," in Hit mantle of virtue which cu compassed tbo United Kingdom. Rohgiouista of the Exeter Hall school escribed this to tho Ualholicism of the people; Helicals of tho Bright type set it down ns owing to. the natu ral irascibility of tho Milonian race ; others, again, ertditod It to tho great poverty of the nitisses; All agreed that Ireland was a very wicked, though a besutiful nnd populous little Island. They allowed that In certain matters, such ns infanticide and blasphemy, and all crimes against religion*as religion, end in the finer arts of rascality, England exhibited a darker record. But as.these were vices with which England had become very familiar, she censed to he surprised nt t.liom, and only de plored them in occasional assemblies of her slmightcSt moralists. She was, eager to make pit-sorts ol a lowances for her own short comings; but, for poor, priest-ridden Irelaud, none. Now, wo have some statislios which prove the Inlsily of tho “odious comparison," and which placo Ireland in a proper light in this catagory. They are taken from the judicial Journals of last year, and vouched for by tbe t ffleiats intrusted with their preparation. From these wo iesrn that thoro are fewer known thieves in Ireland than in England—fifly-nlno percent, fewer, allowing oven for difference of population. Os all ciassegof criminals Ireland had in the year named, fhiriy-four per cent, less “known or suspected criminu's in prison and at large" than England and Wales. “Os crimes reported in Ireland," says there, port, “in 1864. and not disposed if summarily, there wore 10 865, and of persons apprehended 6 779, In England, In 1868, there, wero 52,- 211 crimes reported and 30,410 convictions. Had tho Irish olf -nses been comparatively as largo as tho English, they would, Instead of numbering 10,865, have amounted to 14 111. This settles the question ss to the greater criminality of Ireland, abd puts it beyond doubt, that the insulting boasts of the English moral ists had no foundation outside of tbe gne vs which generated thorn. Among other important farts which are dis closed by these statistics wo discover this : there is one policeman in Ireland to every four hundred and twenty persons Though the pro portion of polico to peoftic is greater in Ireland than in England the decal taxation for polico purposes is very much less in Ireland than in England. In tho latter country seventy-six per cent, of tho cost is itorne by local taxation and twenty four per cent, by the Treasury; whereas in Ireland only nine per cent, is ob tained by local taxation, ninety one per cent, comipg from the Treasury. The whole police force of Ireland is at present shout fourteen thousand militarily equipped, dr I'ed, and dis ciplined men—an important fact for or against (he Fenians. Tho criminal statistics to which wo refer not only bear » roost favorable contrast witb-eimilar tables relating lo Ena laud but also with the state of crime in this country. We mention the fact at once to the credit of ‘ Old Ireland,” and to the shame of all others whom the com parison ran} concern. —Nrut York Nam. There are one hundred and thirty—wight bachelors in ttio British Bouse qf Common?,
