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About Weekly constitutionalist. (Augusta, Ga.) 185?-1877 | View Entire Issue (July 11, 1866)
THE WEEKLY CONSTITUTIONALIST. Treason. —Some days since a Charleston journal became highly indignant at the mani fest treason which it saw in a bit of bunting displayed in front of the headquarters of the Freedman’s Bureau in that city. The aforesaid piece of bunting was once eulogized as the flag of the free, and was supposed to have some connection with the Constitution of the United States, that “ league with death and covenant with hell ” —or somehow that way, we forget exactly how. But, hear the Charleston man :• “ * * * The flag contains thirty-fire stars although Congress has officially declared that there are but twenty-six States in the Union, and its members have pronounced President JohDson a 1 usurper’ for saying anything to the contrary. We hope the General will strike out those stars and save himself from a court mar tial. We hope the country will insist at least upon the military officers of the Government maintaining a proper attitude of loyalty to the flag.” Now, one would have thought that with this intimation before them, the “ military officers ” of the Government would be more careful in the future. Not so. We are compelled to re cord the fact that to-day, by order of the Gen eral, a national (!!) salute of thirty-six guns will be fired at noon. General Tillson certainly has very little re gard for the “ Radical Rump.” Does he wish Congress to call on the President with a “ want tew kneow” if any Federal officer has sympa thized with the rebels in Augusta so far as to intimate with U. S. cannon and U. S. powder that the conquered State of Georgia is E Pluri hus Unum. We entertain the kindest feelings towards General Tillson, and would more frequently re fer to his able administration of affairs in this State, but for the reason that our praise will do him little service with the wise men from the East, who now occupy seats in the halls of Con gress. But if the General will allow' us, we caution him to beware. Sumner has said, and Thaddeus has sworn—the former by the bruise on his head, and the latter by the ashes of his mill —that the insurgent States are out of the Union. There are spies watching you, Gene ral ; holy men of the Sanitary Commission, or of the Cuffec-Dinali Aid Society, are prowling about, anxiously looking for some “ overt act” of treason. You committed no such act when you per mitted the wives and' daughters, sisters, sons and brothers of the Confederate dead in our city cemetery, to decorate with flowers the graves of the noble heroes whose winding sheet is the discarded Constitution of our fathers of ’76. You committed no such act when you ad vised against the perpetration of a studied in sult to our people two days subsequent. But your passiveness on one occasion, and your ad vice qn the other evinced the animus actuating you. It was evident that you were trying to act with a view to the pacification of the races. Some how or other you have an idea that you have been fighting honorable men, and that the war ceased more than twelve months since.— You have that very un-radical idea that it is honest and right to respect the provisions of treaties, conventions, &c. Now ail this is radi cally (Thadically speaking) wrong. Ignore all such notions, forget that you were educated as a soldier, and that the school of the soldier is , the school of the gentleman'. Forget all this, I General, or you will be read out of the fellow-! ship of the saints in Washington. Horace j Greeley will anathematize you in tiie Tribune , j and Chawls Sumner will quote all manner of i horrible tilings from the classics about you.— ■ Old Thad Stevens will send you where he sent the Constitution, and that is a hotter place, and j lasts longer than the old sinner’s iron mill, j when it w r as burning in Pennsylvania, in June, I 1863. General Lee.—A letter from Lexington Virginia, to the Baltimore Sun, says General Lee is in all respects a real, active, working and most efficient President. Besides attending to the general interests and administration of the institution, he visits, from time to time, the dif ferent lecture rooms, attends recitations, and receives weekly reports of the standing and progress -of all the students in the several schools, &c. I have been informed, by good authority, that the General keeps such constant and attentive supervision over the affairs of the college that he is always familiar with the rela tive standing in his classes held by each of the one hundred and fifty students now in attend ance. These students are from Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, North Carolina, South Carolina-, Georgia; Louisiana, Alabama, Missis sippi, Texas and Ohio. They appear very gen tlemanly in their deportment, and are repre sented to be remarkably assiduous in their stu dies. In his letter of last August, accepting the Presidency, General Lee nsed the following language: “I think it the duty of every citizen, in the present condition of the country, to do all in his power to aid in the renloration of peace and harmony." This letter was extensively published, and its patriotic sentiments, emanating from such a source, had a very salutary effect upon the Southern mind. General Lee’s personal exam ple, in devoting himself to his present work of important practical usefulness, lias also done much to increase the previous good effects of the sentiments contained in his letter. Would it not be fortunate for the republic if those same sentiments, in favor of the “ restoration of peace ancf harmony,” could enter the hearts of a majority of the present Congress ? Truly Said.— Hon. R. M. T. Hunter was in vited by a committee of the young ladies of the Fredericksburg Female Institute to deliver an address at the commencement on the 30th of June. In bis reply, stating that it will notTae in his power to accept the invitation, he says : “ The experience of the past will justify me in the opinion, and the voice of history will de clare, as I do, that the daughters of Virginia can look to no higher source in this world for coun sel and example than to their own noble mo thers.” The Texas election for Governor has resulted in a large majority for Throckmorton, the con servative candidate. The city of Memphis refuses to pay, the dam ages of the late riots. The Crops.—A subscriber writing from Shady Dale, Jasper county, Georgia, says:— Having seen accounts of the prospects of crops from various counties, and none as yet reported from this fJasper county), I will make a short statement for information. Cotton seed being defective, the stand of cotton is generally very bad —many having had to plant a second time. Many of those who had good stands complain of its being half destroyed by the eat e less manner of working. Having had much rain and consequently much grass, both cotton and corn are much injured. The prospect of a crop being lost in grass or its destruction by the negligence of hoe and plough, has no effect upon the freedmen. You can’t push them.— The corn crop is not promising. Wheat ex ceedingly sorry—many not making seed. Oats tolerably good. The Irish Vote.— The game which the Rad icals are playing for the Irish vote is already seen to be a failure. Stephens, the Head Cen tre, indignantly put his loot, in the very begin ning, on the attempt to buy up his countrymen with deceitful professions of sympathy for Ire land. How could men care for Ireland whose sole aim is to visit upon the South the same iniquities, a hundred-fold intensified, under which Ireland suffers? How can they con demn England without still more condemning themselves f The Roberts faction were at first caught with the gudgeon bait thrown out to them ; but the number of the deluded ones is constantly diminishing. The instincts of the Irish are on the side of liberty, and they will not be made the tools of tyrants. • [Richmond Enquirer. The Diplomatic Scandal—Gen. Kil patrick Figures Prominently.— We clip the following from the columns of the New York Citizen: Has or lias not Secretary Seward heard very extraordinary and painful reports, iu regard to one of our South American Ministers [Kil patrick?] The private vices or follies of men are their own unfortunate property for which they Can properly only be held acconutible to their i Creator and their immediate families.— But for a Minister of the United States to veil w ilh his official diplomatic cloak the scarlet robes of a publicly abandoned woman, and to officially introduce her through consuler agen cies into-private American and other families, thus making a notorious Aspasia the recogniz ed companion, until discovered, of virtuous women. Such conduct in a private citizen would justify the Horsewhip, and in a minister offers good for an instantaneous and ignomi nious recall. Nor was the case bettered by his politico military diplomat’s apologies to the families he . had thus outraged, on finding that the woman’s open profligacy had become known and that she j had set up on a public basis the trade previ- I ously carried on in semi-privacy, iu which' he | undertook to express the utmost “astonishment { and regret” that she Was not a fit inmate for | their families: This apology might haveanswer cd, had there not been many gentlemen—and j among others the Minister he succeeded —to j whom this chivalrous 6oldicr-diplomat had pre viously boasted of his criminal intimacy with 'the woman during their passage from New York—a privilege in which most of the disgust ed officers and passengers of the vessel well knew he had not been alone, though the other recipients of her doubtful favor may have had more honor or more discretion than to betray the companion of their guilt. For what services was this man appointed to the office he has thus disgraced ? Certainly not for his military record which —however it may have stood in the newspapers—was a farce to j all military men, Was it for services on the I stump in favor of a radical Republican to be I Governor of a not distant State V If so, it is for j President Johnson now to determine whether these services can counterbalance the cuormous ! “irregularity”—to use the mildest phrase—of his conduct in this matter. We think he should be recalled forthwith. Songs vs. Begging.— One of the reporters of the New York Daily Neics, who has an inquir ing and calculating turn of mind, has taken the trouble to compute the profits made by the lit tle and big boys who are engaged in the semi literary and semi-musical business of peddling songs for a penny a piece. It appears that there are in this, as in otlfer kinds of business, a small.fry and largo fry set of dealers. This is the account of the small fry department: Cost of 200 sheets at three-quarters of a cent per sheet $1 50 Proceeds of sale at one cent per sheet 2 00 Profit 50 Or three dollars per week. The expenses are set down as follows: Breakfast at the Five Points Mission, when he can get it there Dinner at Five Points Soup House 12 Supper at Five Points Soup House * 10 Lodging in the Rookery 5 Total 27 The wealthy and aristocratic dealers make a little over twice as much, but though they do not keep their carriages, it is yet probable that their expenses are in proportion. Song selling, therefore, does not pay handsomely; begging is a much more profitable business. An Honest Confession'.— ln the debate in the Senate on the Tariff Bill, a Republican Unit ed States Senator from Michigan said : “Mr. Chandler said that the free list wa3 made up so as to favor New England. Fertili- i zers were exempt from the tax; they wore not ; used in the Northwest. Thrashing machines ] were taxed; they were not used in New Eng land. „. * ... “ Mr. Fesgenden said that was a great mis- I take. “ Mr. Chandler said that he had traveled all over New England, and had never seen a thrash ing machine there. The}' used the old-fashion ed flail altogether.” If it suits New England to luive an article on j the free list, it is put there; and if it i3 more for her interest to have another article heavily taxed, it is also done. The whole policy of the Government is now for her benefit. What Can it Mean? —Forney writes a long editorial to prove that cotton cannot bear a tax of five cents per pound. He declares that the tax should not exceed two cents, and argues, very sensibly, that any heavy tax will stimulate competition in other countries, tend to dimin ish the crop in the United States, and affect in juriously the interests of our people, North and South. Wonder if Forney isn’t interested in a eottoo-planutioii somewhere. Perhaps we should accept his aid in a good cause without inquiring into his motives. But he is so full of venom against us, and strives so hard to injure us in every way, that we are loth to give him credit for sincerity, even in the advocacy of just measures. A Conscience Case.— A Federal soldier, who stole a watch from Mr. Samuel Cline, of Rock ingham county, about the time of the Port Re public fight, has returned it by express, with a letter stating that his conscience compelled him to retain it: Old World Gossip. “ Monndnock,” the racy correspondent of the New York Times, thus writes: Italy, we are told, is prepared to pour three hundredth On sand men into Venetsa.--(>■« vic tory, it is hoped, will rouse the whole province to arms, and the Austrians would be swept from the earth. Yes, that is not impossible, but it is admitted by the most enthusiastic ad vocates of the Italian cause that defeat is de struction. One Bull Run, it is said, not by the enemies, hut the friends of Italy, will destroy her. The reaction is so strong that defeat is ruin. So Italy goes to her fate—literally to con quer or die. There are causes that grow strong er by defeat, and that struggle through years of disaster to victory at last. This, we are told, is not the case with Italy. She must win at once or she is lost. But on the other side, Austria, and Prussia also, know what it is to be beaten. There has been a thirty years’ war in Germany. Austria has seen army after army beaten and scattered, and yet come out of the strite strong and proud, and ready to do battle again. I do not believe that one victory will give success to Italy. I wish to think better of Italians than to believe that they will give up a good cause for one defeat. But we have only to watch and wait. Italy—all of Italy that is progressive and revolutionary—the Italy of favour, of Victor Emmanuel, of Garibaldi, ofMazzini, wants war. The Italians are spoiling for a fight. Before, they had France to help them ; now, with the aid of an opportunity given by Prussia, relieved of two-thirds of the forces ot the enemy, they wish to show the world that they can encounter the other third. And then, having gained Ve netia without the aid of France, they could raise again the cry ot “ Romi* or death,” and precip itate themselves upon the Eternal City. Gari baldi, just before leaving Caprera, wrote the fol lowing letter to a committee of English ladies, who propose to give him their assistance: “ Dear Ladies : 1 am deeply gratified by your sympathy in the cause of my country, so nobly manifested. If lam fortunate enough to be enabled to pursue that path which will emancipate mankind from the bondage and tyranny of an imposter, it will be by' the invul nerable buckler afforded me by the assistance which I receive, and the support which I de rive, from the best-beloved by God of all His creatures—Woman, l am, with gratitude and affection, yours for life, G. Garibaldi.” Who is the imposter, from whose bondage aud tyranny Garibaldi goes forth to emancipate mankind, assisted and supported by the best j beloved by God of all His creatures —Woman? Not the Emperor of Austria, who, whatever else he maybe, is hot an imposter, and is only doing bis best to maintain the integrity of the empire bequeathed to his care by his ancestors. No, Garibaldi, aided by these English ladies, goes forth to war upon the Pope. This is ids express mission, and war with Austria for the couquest aid annexation of Venetia is the first step toward its accomplishment. Whether Italy sympathizes with Garibaldi in this appeal to Protestant sympathies may lie doubted, but there seems to be no doubt at all that Northern Italy and young Italy are fylfot the passion for war. “Venice or war” is not so much the cry now' as “Venice and war!” I The popular cry is “ Viva: la guerra This feeling in Italy is a symptom of its in ternal condition. It is iu a state of civil war. I What has been called brigandage in the South |of Italy is now recognized as a guerrilla wnf | fare, which extends day by day. There are Vigilance (jommittees, large bodies ol' Govern, ment troops, and arrests, imprisonments anil banishments, but the reaction increases. It is a , mixed war, pafitTcaTand religious. The Italian Parliament; ft few days ago, by a large majority, took the first steps in passing a hill for the de struction of all the religious orders. Measures Iso violent must provoke resistance. All the old Governments know their friends aud their agents. The whole body of the clergy must be at heart opposed to those whose views corres pond with those of Gen. Garibaldi. Italy mny see a civil war as fierce, as fanatical and fero cious as that of La Vendee. The aid of Prussia may be counterbalanced by this fire in tiie rear, from a reaction strongest no doubt iu Southern Italy, but extending more or less over'the l’e i ninsuia. I think you will find that I have not been wrong with respect to Russia. She is moving an immense army into Poland and npon.tho i borders of Hungary, perpbaps for her own protection, but certainly not in hostility to Austria. Italy, has hoped ior aid from Poles and Hungarians. Russia appears to have taken upon herself to shield Austria from all dangers in that quarter-and the Government of Florence is annoyed arid perhaps alarmed at the signs of a cordial understanding between tiie Kaiser and tiie Czar. Years ago Lord Palmc-rsfon said that the Da nubian Principalities would be tiie torch to light the conflagration of a great war in Eu rope. The Sultan can hardly be held from pushingliisforces into the Principalities, Should he do so a Russian army would enter them at the same time. If there exists a secret treaty between Austria and Russia, i: lias not less re ference to this vexed Eastern question than to that which is now lighting camp-fires aud bat tle-fires in Central Europe. Turkey is arming with a sort of terror, ns if she felt that her hour was coming. A contin gent of 25,000 troops has been furnished from Egypt. The Sultan wishes to occupy the Principalities—but the Paris Conference says no. The apprehension in England is that Turkey, fearing the Western Powers will ac cept the protection of Russia, which will open the Eastern question once more, when war would rage from the Persian Gulf to the Straits of Gibraltar. If the Germans were only as sturdy about war as they are about their beer, we might hope for a peace. Raising the price of beer less than a cent a quart has almost made a rev olution In Munich—but where sober people drink fifteen quarts a day, even a small advance of price becomes a matter of importance. The young Duke of Hamilton, who began bis sporting career by buying a string of Colts at fancy prices, tins made his second move with a sensation bet on tiie next Derby—a bet of 8600,000 to 130,000. I presume it is the largest bet on a race ever made. With such a begin ning to his book, I shall be curious to see how lie goes on, aud bow he comes out on settling day. The marriage of the Princess Mary was a very jolly affair. The Queen was in deep mourning, but was very affectionate and motherly to her handsome cousin, all the more, perhaps, that she a few years ago used her influence to break off an engagement the Princess had made with Viscount Hood, an English nobleman. Why, I have no idea, unless the Queen thought it would be setting ail her sons and daughters a bad example. The Princess could not marry him without the royal assent, and so bad to pine—l don't mean that, for she lias not pined at all events—but she gave him up, and haa got His Serene Highness Prince Tick. After the wedding breakfast, they set off in a carriage and four, and the Royal party—would you be lieve it ’—threw after them a perfect shower of white Batin slippers! The Lord Mayor of London is a Jew. Office brings men into strange relations. The Lord Mayor has a Protestant—l beg pardon of all Puseyites—Anglican chaplain. He cannot help that, and probably lets bim earn his salary easy. But tiie other day bis Lordship presided at a meeting of a Bible Society, and made a speech. A night or two ago he entertained at the Man sion House nearly the whole bench of Bishops, and toasted the Archbishop of Canterbury ! Is not the millennium close at hand ? While the Bishops were eating and drinking with the Lord Mayor, Lord Westmeath was scolding in the House-of Lords about the enormities ol Ritualism—and scolding all the more bitterly because the Bishops were not there to listen to him and take part in the debate. Ritualism has been declared Illegal by two eminent law yers ; but as there are equally eminent lawyers ready to defend it, it cannot be put down that way. There is a large ftind collecting to de fend any clergyman prosecuted, aud the Anglo- Catholies, as they call themselves, mean to have a free tight for their incense and chasubles.— The idea of there being a law against any par ticular stile of dress, or burning caudles In the day-time, if they choose to go to the expense, is absurd enough. Incense, too, is a matter of taste, or of smell, aud, if of a good ;uality, no more harm than any other perfumery. Archi tecture, statuary, pictures, ornaments, embroid ery, flowers, music, lights, incense, vestments, all seem to come under the same laws of aesthe tics, and is very difficult to draw the line of ex clusion. People dress up themselves to go io church—why not dress the church as well ? The Ritualists will have a pretty strong fight; but I think they will carv tiie day at last. One of the events of the week has been the experimental of tiring of a 9-inch rifled cannon at one of Capt. Coles’ turrets ou the Royal Sovereign. The turret came out of the trial triumphantly, contrary to the general expectation, as it was supposed that a steel bolt at 200 yards, propelled by 43 pounds of powder would go through and through the turret of iron. No, it was but little damaged and its machinery uninjured. Great triumph tor Capt. Coles, but decided failure for Sir Wm, Armstrong, who is used to them, for all his guns burst. Fifteen hundred women have petitioned, through Mr. Mill, for the extension of the fran chise to wjdows and unmarried women having a property qualification. Among the petition ers are Mrs. Somerville and Miss Martineau. [From the Nashville Union and American. Ootton Prospect in Mississippi and Alabama. An intelligent correspondent, writing from TuscumbU, Aia., says: I.have continued my effort to ascertain, by inquiry as well as observation, the probable prospects for a cotton crop as compared with 1860. I send you the detailed statement with respect to five of the best counties in Missis sippi. 'I he way these facts were gathered was this : Every planter who c.in\c to Jackson was re quested to call at the office of one of the promi nent commission merchants, Mr. S. P. Bsley, President of the Central Cotton Growing As sociation. There a tabular statement was [ire pared, in which each individual was requested to put down accurately the number of acres lie planted in 1300, and the number planted now, number of hands worked, yield In 1860, kind of seed planted, present appearance anil pro mise of the crop, etc. Thus, and thus only, by taking a wide range, and gettiug accurate sta tistics from individuals, can any just judgment ibe formed. No mere traveler passing through i with all the hurry of steam, and left to tiie in- I formation or fancy ot the persons whom lie | may chance to meet, or the observation of the j fields that happen to lie ou hie immediate route, ! can rely on liis conclusions so confidently as ! upon facts gathered In the way I have describ ed. The following tire the statistics: Hinds Countv.—On 57 plantations, embra cing 9,193 acres in cotton, tlisre 614 hands em ployed. Ol' these, 23 planted old seed, 14 mix ed and 20 new'seed; 12 report good Btnnds— the remainder bad. All report their crops very grassy and injured by too much rain. I On tiie same plantations in 1860, embracing 17,146 acres in cotton, there were 1,353 hands employed, producing 9,459 bales. | Chickasaw County.— Forty-three planta tions have (i,402 acres planted iu cotton, em ploying 008 hands. In 1860 said plantations linit 17,508 acres in'cotton cultivation, with a working force of 1,589 hands, and produced 10,580 bales. Tiie condition of the crop Is not reported, but more Ilian one-half answered that their laborers perform only half labor, as compared with 1860, and the others estimate this at an average of two-thirds. Carroll County. —On 21 plantations, om-' bracing 1,600 acres in cotton, there are 022 hands employed—Hie percentage of work as com pared with 1300 and 1865. Os these 4 planted old seed, 11 new new, and 6,mixed.— Planting not finished before Ist inst. In 1860, | on same plantations, there were 4,100 acres in cotton, and 487 hands emploffcd, producing 2,374 bales. Madison County. —On forly-one plantations, | embracing 4,150 acres in cotton, and employing 570 aands, the percentage, of work as compared with 1860, is sixty-two. Os the number reported, twenty-one planted old seed,eight now, aud twelve mixed; fifteen reported good stands—.the balance indifferent, and all in bad condition. On tne same plantations in 1860, there were 13,150 acres in cotton, employing 1,157 hands, and producing 5,332 bales of cotton. C’oriAH County. —On thirty-nine plantations, embracing 3,511 acres in cotton, theris arc 213 hands employed—the percentage of work as compared with 1860, being seventy-two. Os the number reported, seventeen planted new seed—tho balance old and mixed ; nine re port good stands —the balance bad stands. In 1860, on tiie same plantations, there wore 439 bands employed, 3,831 neres cultivated, arid 5,608 bales cotton produced. Recafitulation, 1868,—Number of planta tions, 144; hands employed, 1,744; acres in cot ton cultivation, 17,663. Recapitulation, IB6o.—Number of planta tions, 144; bands employed, 5,495; neres in cul tivation, 51,075—producing 27,880 bales of cot ton. I add such Items of Information ns I have been able to gather in regard to flic Alabama cotton crop. An intelligent and well informed planter, residing near Dcinopo]is, Alabama, in what is called the “ Canebrakc,” told me that lie thought within a circle of ten miles round Demopoliß there was two-thirds as much cot ton planted as in 1860, and perhaps a little more. His idea of tiie yield was that it would probably be about four-tenths of the crop of 1860, for that immediate section. The recent mins-have thrown the planters back very decidedly. Some fields lmve been entirely overflowed and devastated. Others have been drowned, so as seriously to dimin ish the stand. In almost all the crops that 1 saw in Mississippi and Western Alabama, it was evident that “General Green” was taking firm possession, aud “General Black” would not come up the scratch to dispossess him, I never saw as grassy a crop in my life. The universal testimony Is that the bcgrocs are docile and quiet; It is with almost equal universality affirmed that they will not work steadily anil earnestly. They want half of every Saturday. They want three hourg at mid-day. They don’t want to get out to work early In tiie mon-lugs. Xhey arc ready to accept every occasion of excuse for stopping from work, even when they understand it will dock their wages. The disposition to “cool off”'is Very obvious and very powerful. The effect of all this is apparent, not only In the grassy condition of the crops and in the uni versal fatness of the mnles, that show that they hare not been worked hard, but also in the acres of land planted but turned out. Planters find that they can’t work all they have planted, and so they turn ont some to concentrate their work on the remainder. On one plantation, nenr East port, Ala., one hundred and fifty acres of cotton have been so turned out, because it was evident tiie negroes were not going to work enough to keep the whole crop clean. A gentiemarrTotd nrcyesterday that he had rented some of his land near here to some freedmen, whom he thought rather more reliable and in dustrious than ordinary, and was to receive for the use of the land one-third of the crop. He is satisfied that, the way they have worked It. tiie whole crop will not amount to more than one-sixth of tiie ordinary average crop raised on the same land. They idled away tiie winter ; did not “break up” tire land ; when it came to planting time they simply ran one furrow, dropped the cqrjj, covered It with the foot, af terward broke out the middles, and this is all the cultivation the corn has received up to this time, when it is all ready to tassel, and should be almost laid by. The negro women here, as well as elsewhere, I find, are not generally in the field. Hereto fore they used to do most of the hoe work and no small share in the plowing. Now there are but few of them in the field at all, and even the efficiency of these is diminished by their know ledge that so many of the others are etotng in their homes playing lady. A little spinning, sewing, weaving, cooking, is enough, they think. Their husbands and fathers are, many of them, weak enough to indulge them in their fancies: (From the Anglo-American, Times, May 24. Emigration to Brasil. DISCGURAGING LETTER FROM PROFES SOR AGASSIZ. At Sea, 27th March, 1836, ) Off TnK Island of Gaivotas, ) Mr Dear Friend: At last I find a moment to answer your inquiries regarding foreign emi gration to Brazil. Before entering upon such details as I doom necessary for the clear expla nation of my views on the subject, allow me to make some reflections upon emigration In gen eral, and to poiut out certain distinctions, es sential, as it seems to me, to a jnst appreciation of the qnsstion. In this day emigration Is not what it was twenty years ago. Then the emi grant was generally a political refugee, flying, him anil his, from a more or less oppressive civil persecution. What he sought was a safe asylum and protection. His country was still the laud where he was horn. To-day, emigra tion is more voluntary and more deliberate.— The emigrant generally 1 aves his home in or der to ameliorate his lot and to associate him selt with the destinies of a uew -world. What he seeks Is a now country offering him advant ages superior so those he lias hitherto known. To look upon the emigrant ns mercenary is generally to do him an injustice! It is because in the United States the value of the Individual man is fully recognized, the tide of emigration has poured toward her shores. With this order ol things, a country which establishes distinc tions unfavorable to tho new comer may hope in vaiu tp attract a numerous emigration; in my judgment Brazil would deceive liersclfasto the fnfriFc If slic Indulges the hope oi speedy progress in on active an intelligent emigration, without having previously abolished restrictions which weigh heavily upon the stranger who comes to establish himself npon her soil. Let no one delude himself in thisrepect; that which the emigrant -eeks Is that which is least easily conceded ;* absolute equality with the inhabitants of older date, and even with the descendants of the oldest races. I would add further that I have observed in Brazil certain administrative customs, princi pally touching (lie acquisition of real estate and the intervention of authority In the affairs of individuals, which until they are fundamentally modified must remain an invincible obstacle to emigration on a large scale. I allude especially to the delays and formalities attending tiie en trance Into possession, or pactieal occupation of land, and which in tho eyes of tiie stranger are tantamount to Ids complete exclusion. The emigrant ought to be able to take possession of the ground between to-day and to-morrow for he rarely has the means of waiting. True political wisdom should rather stimulate him to establish himself upon any territory not yet occupied, guaranteeing to liiin a right to any improvements he may make even upon soil winch does not yet belong to him. Another great difficulty rtrlscs from the arbitrary man ner in Which subordinate officers intoricre in the affairs of individuals. Ido not know how far tiie Brazilian, born in the country, feels the necessity of the support and counsels, direct or Indirect, of tho public administration iu his private nrtainrytntt’f-do know posllively that In ours days the emigrant fears nothing so much us nil which may lie considered tutelage; still more when tills tutelage takes occasionally tiie form of petty tyranny. Ho generally leaves his own country to esenpe from tills very thing and will certainly not choose ns the land of his adoption one where It would pursue him even bitty Iris private transactions. Tho opening of the Amazon will no douht bring to the borders nnumbetof industrious and enterprising men, but a great emigration such as rapidly aug ments a population will never gather there as long as the order of tilings exists which I have olwerved in the Province* of Para and Ama zonas. And yet I lmve pleasure in repeating that, whatever may lie said to the contrary even in Brazil, I know no country iu tho world richer, more attractive, more fertile, more salu brious, more tit. to lie the focus of a numerous population titan this magnificent valley of the Amazons. I am, iftc., Louis Agassiz. Liverpool Ootton Statement. A friend send* us the following official circu lar of “ The Liverpool Cotton Brokers’ Asso ciation,” Issiffd Jtirie 14tb, 1866, which con tains some items of Interest to our readers: 1865. 1866. Rates. Rales. Stock Ist Jnn’y—American 143,722 East India 144,760 All kind* 370,276 Imports since—American...... 126,868 459,369 East India 305.761 729,222 All kind*...... 946,835 . '2,034,218 Consumption--- American 00,490 438,400 East India 350,720 344,940 ’All kind* 810,070 1,040,660 Export* American 16,106 117,974 East India 148,077 169,773 All kinds 234,080 368,698 Stock .June i4—American 30,300 440,790 East 134.930 386 790 All kinds 358,820 1,039,950 At Sen American 20,000 90,000 East India 445,000 012.000 All kinds...... 516,000 722,000 Southern Pacific Railbod.—Tito Caddo Gazette of the 22d, says ; Tiie railroad bridge on Silver Lake Ims been repaired, anil the locomotive is now running over it carrying out Iron and cross-ties. There Is about a mile of track to lay near the city to connect with three miles of the old road, which is now ready for use. Next week the locomo tive will run out five miles, and the track lay ing will lie pressed forward to tiie present ter minus of the Marshall road, thirteen miles from Shreveport. All the grading on the line is fin ished, qxcept one cut. A sufficient number of bands arc employed in this cut to remove the dirt in a few weeks. The contractor is confi dent that the ears will run through to Marshall by the Ist of August next. The same paper says: On Monday steam was raised On the new “ bulgine” belonging to the Southern Pacific railroad, for the first time. It proved to be In good working order, and walk ed the track like a thing of life, ail covered over with little niggers. We lmve heard the ijon horse scream und snort. In the portrait of Gen. Grant upon Leutze’s easel, the General holds npon hi* knee a scrap of paper, upon which he lms just penciled the famous telegraphic dispatch : “ I mean to fight it out ou this line if it takes all summer.” [ Exchange. Wcshould think tlmt would be far from flat tering to thcpeqcrnl. He was stopped on that line, and had to change it long before the sum mer was over for anew base of operations. Mr. R. Massy, a distinguished surgeon, died in Boston on tiie 22d, aged eighty-six years.— Dr. Mussy performed most daring operations, and saved his patients. He first removed the entire eoHafliOtre and shoulders.oi a patient in 1836, and {he patient Is' alive at (lie present day ; he repented the operation in 1845 upon a gentleman from Sandusky, who st 11 lives. He operated for stone in the bladder up to 1854 forty-nine times, with but four deaths. He first tied both carotid arteries successfully.
