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' VOl. 11. i
NO 30.
How to Improve Negro Labor.
The following sound advice we copy
from the Nashville Union and Ameri
can :
“The most difficult problem ol solu
tion, and upon which the future pros
perity of tlie South, in a large measure,
depends, is the best method of manag
ing negro labor. This problem is
greatly complicated by the fact of an
abnormal, or unusual relation having
existed heretofore between the negroes
who labor on the farm and the persons
who employ them. It is difficult for
the people of the South to realize the
fact that the negro is a free man, en
titled to all the privileges of native
boni citizens, subject to the same law's
and claiming the same rights. The
negroes, on the other hand, have been in
structed to believe that the white ]>eo- 1
pie of the South would deprive them i
of their freedom, and remand them i
back into slavery if they only had the !
power. These two ideas, acting ini
antagonism, have served to repel the j
magnet, distributing therr forces in op
posite directions. With few excep
tions there has been but little sympathy
and but little good will bet wen them,
other than that which results from a
mutual dependence upon each other.
This, in the impoverished condition of
the South, is greatly to be deplored.
She needs the hearty concurrence of
every force, moral, intellectual and
physical, to regain her lost ascendancy,
and to place her on the high road to
wealth and prosperity.
“We propose to submit a few sug
gestions founded on experience, by
which both races may be benefitted.
“1. As the white race has more in
telligence and more experience with
the world, the beginning of a reform
should commence with it, and the first
step is to make the negro more per
manent in his home. A wandering
laborer, with no ties to bind him to any
locality, is deprived of those incentives
which make edterprising and industri
ous citizens. They should be furnished
with comfortable houses, in which they
may board themselves, have their own
gardens, their own milch cows, a bee
hive or two and such comforts as a
laboring man feels that he ought to
have. They will then know that they
reap the full measures of their laboi,
and that superior skill and industry
will be rewarded by increased enjoy
ments and comforts.
“2. As the introduction of machine
ry into the operations of the farm is
becoming more general each year, so a
large degree of intelligence is con
stantly demanded. The senseless ex
ercise of muscle cannot compete with
the precision and intelligent action of
machinery. Each succeeding year
will show a diminished demand for
ignorant labor and increased inquiiy
for skilled labor. The highest interest
of the South, then, demands a recognr
tion of this fact, and the adoption of
some measures by which the laboier
may be instructed in the higher re
quirements of the farm, for all the ex
perience of this country goes to prove
that it is more economical to employ
intelligent labor to direct machinery
than to employ ignorant labor and dis
pense with machinery, Hhe produc
tion of cotton, since the invention of
the cotton gin ; the increased produc
BY THE CHRONICLE PUBLISH® COM^ifesiJpGA.
FOR THE WEEK ENDING SATURDAY. 10AY ml
! f’ on °f wheat since the invention of
the reaper, are cases in point; and so
far from machinery reducing the
average price of labor, the producing
! power of g day’s labor is greater than
j it ever has been ; employment is more
constant; Rales of agricultural products
| more certain, and a gradual elevation
j°f the laborer in the scale of dignity
i and intelligence more decided.
“3. No labor can be made perma
nently profitable that is not contented.
Whatever then is done to make it con
tented and happy, redounds as much to
the interest of the employer as to the
laborer. For this reason we think
every large employer of labor should
have a school-house erected on his
farm, so that the children may be in
snstructed in the elements of ‘learning,
virtue and science.’ Apart from the
happiness which it gives the parents,
it fits the children for more intelligent
labor demanded by the advance of a
true civilization. The largest profit
ever paid by any cotton factory in the
South, was by one in Georgia, where
■ekl furnish com^
keep a teacher constantly employed’tof"
the ins‘ruction of their children. The
operati res consider it a rare privilege
to be employed, and the owners of the
factory brve never been troubled with
‘strikes’ oi a scarcity of labor.
“Some regard ought also to be had
to their enjoyments. Every class of
people have their special pleasures.
The Germans, for example, have their
beer gardens ; the Irish their ‘wakes;’
the French their soirees; the Span
iards their fandangos. If the negro
shows a predilection for ‘big meetings,
loud prayer and doleful songs, it must
be set down its one of his ‘peculiar’
pleasures, to which he has a right by
nature, and a desire by instinct, Let
him enjoy them; nay, let him be as
sisted in enjoying them, if it will make
him a more effective, reliable and honest
laborer.
“4. The confidence of the negro
must be secured, and be must be made
morally certain that he will get the full
value of all his labor, and that he has
a right to spend it in any manner that
he pleases. lie may need advice, but
advice should not be forced upon him.
When he is fully convinced that bis
employer is looking to bis interest, he
will not be tardy in seeking and follow
ing his advice. A laborer should be
paid also in proportion to his real
value. The habit of having a fixed
rate for grown men, and so much for
boys of equal age, is discouraging to
those who wish to excel by the quality
and quantity of iheir work. It retards,
progress in the right direction. It
stretches all upon a Procrustean bed,
cuts down good qualities and elevates
bad ones to the same level.
“5. The most liberal rates should be
paid for good labor. The best interests
of the farmer require this. In this
manner he can always secure as many
laborers as he may wish on his
farm and be able to secure the best.
Knowing that they are receiving the
highest wages they are not so easy to
take offense and ‘quit,’ but are willing,
in flushing times, to move forward
with alacrity and a will which the
poorly paid laborer never feels. More
satisfaction is felt and greater energy
secured and developed in the manage
ment of the farm.
“6. The employer should be kind
and act with iinparti|*y and kindness
towards his employs^. Fretting ans
fault-finding penusteoHK will rum tlr*
best set of farm laboflSjin the world!
Rules should be rensMßle, butrigidly
ell forced. Too man should not
be given at once. THjMgm should be
supervised by the!* l qHK s sad the
laborer should be madojfrj&el his re
sponsihility for Occa
sional holidays shoulUKip&ven, and
■for good and faithful ht'rvice well and
truly performed, a (/rfistifaa preset#
or New Year’s gift wMld btjjuo bad in v
vestment. It is not .ojf the
gift. It is the mani®tktiolSp%sf‘ good
feeling; it is the sfMflHetiffnjijc that
unites the superiosP^Kinferioj l ; it is
an evidence of kindlor’fcgard that is
always appreciated I®'. the most ig
norant. One of the 'Luost successful
business noil ill the mate, when in
Rome on a visit, number of
beads blessed by the Jrfipe, itnd the
proper distribution of lljpe mqwig hi*
house servants lias |
of attachment bet
’ vant Torn Pafdie vfasm a'&ift bought'
for him in Paris by Sir Walter. It it
not the gift, said ToinJ that I prize so
much as that the lord should think of
me so far from home, j
Let the negro become identified
with, and attached to the soil upon
which he lives, and he and the land
owner and the country i ill be benefited
by his labor.
Long-Horn Cattle-
Yorkshire, Eng., has the credit of
giving rise to tin# Long Horns. They
enjoyed a considerable local reputation.
The district of Craven w*s their origi
nal. home. Before Hake well's time
Culley described them as “Long
bodied, big-boned, coarse, flatsided,
one of .en lyery or black-fleshed.” But
many even of these t 'raven cattle were
noticeable for rotundity, length of
carcass, mellowness of skin and the
excellent quality of their milk. The
improvement of the breed dates from
1720. Sir Thomas Gresley and a
blacksmith named Welby did much to
improve this stock. Mr. Webster of
Canley near Coventry was also a Long
llorn breeder of local note. Bake
well improved the breed and they
were known as Improved Leicesters.
His breeding was close and there was
little risk run by crossing. He com
menced with two heifers from Mr.
Webster’s herd at Canley, using on
them a bull from \V T estm Orel and. His
aim was rotundity of form and apitude
to feed. In this he was successful.
But the result was not an ability to fill
the milk pail like the old breed. Mr.
Marshall describes the characteristics
of the 1 mproved Leicesters, or Long-
Horns, as follows;—“Fore-end long
and light (this we may observe is a
fault apparent in the few herd remain
ing in England;) neck thin, head fine
but long and tapering, eye large,
bl ight and prominent. The hoi ns vary
with the sex; those of bulls com
paratively short, from fifteen inches to
two feet. The oxen extremely large,
from two and a-half feet to three and
a half feet long. Cows nearly as long,
but fine and tapering. Most of the
bonis hang downward by the side of
the cheeks, and then, if well turned,
as in many of the cows, shoot forward
at the points ; the shoulders fine, thin,
full when fat, but hollow when lug ha
■ a
left in *ii<ikZ!riT
shire, Westmoreland, Lancashire, and
Yorkshire, which were their original
homes. The Short-Horns are dormant.
A recent writer says:—“Sixty years
ago the Long-Horn was the most im
portant and fashionable breed of cattle
inhabiting the counties of Derby and
Stafford, and there still linger in the
district wondrous tales of the quanity
of milk yielded by some favorite cow,
or the more marvelous weights which
the oxen and heifers attained, when
grazed on the rich, alluvial pastures of
the Trent, the Dove, or the Derwent.
From some cause or other, the breed
has gradually receded in public estima
tion, and the only herds of note now
existing in England are those of his
Grace, the Duke of Duckingliam, at
Stowe Pa k, Bucks; Sir John Harper
Crew, Bart., Calke Abbey,Derbyshire;
John Godfrey, Wigston Parva,
Hickley, Leicestershire, and It. 11.
Chapman, of Upton. Nuneaton, War
wickshire. The Duke of Buckingham
has a herd of fine animals, numbering
at the present time nearly 100 head;
they are directly descended from the
Bakewelj, Canley, ltollright, and some
of the purest old Warwickshire fami
lies. The herd is of long standing,
and has been bred with great care and
judgment. Animals from this herd
frequently distinguished themselves in
the show-yard.
“Sir John Harper Crew, who was
formerly an admirer and breeder of
pedigree Shorbllorns, and though it is
scarcely ten years since he commenced
to cultivate the Long-Horn, now
possesses a herd offorty breeding cows,
which, for uniformity of type, could
scarcely be excelled by their great
rivals, the Short-Horns. They come
to hand mellow to the touch. The
skin, though thick, is covered with a
profusion of rich, soft hair; the rib is
well sprung, eliinc broad, shoulders
well placed, barrel round and deep, the
general appearance in unison, denoting
a healthy and vigorous constitution.
They are good milkers, and, as a rule,
prolific breeder’s. What appears to us
as their only weak point in these days
ot high feeding and quick returns i3,
that they are longer in arriving at ma
turity than the improved Short Horn;
consequently they give a less return
of ?Vo>slßp|r eon
' im [ Us -“ r* v Pxkif>od liei-,1,
■ jgftjfcnl of
o .. ~of VfSSpksliiiv
■g*l§gh iu ‘
i making are practised at-Spond -,,
p M';-’ •:<-•!' tl Vof the
"■ 1 !■ sieeih;'fts#'"'sislpi off to
'■ : ■ • a hair
i tJiO- ;>*,g M a SUe
fi-tei < xibo.roi’ St the r ! fas well
Mlpam tat
’’ IP* **L neighborhood. The
•v have been celebrated to,
keeps a herd of tjjwrfjj they are
butter
By a
fibrt animals tew
to earljF maturity, the Longorloras
might let regain much of their an
cient /popularity.” —Moores Itural
New Yorker.
Georgia Crop News.
Floyd County—Rain needed to give
young com and cotton a start, says the
Rome Bulletin.
Morgan County—Rain is needed.
Drought hurting wheat. Corn not
growing. Planters cleaning corn well.
Cotton not flattering. Few’ have a
stand, and not one a tolerable stand on
his whole crop. Some who had a fair
stand a week ago, have not half a stand
now. Some are siding and chopping
cptton to secure a stand, says the Madi
son Appeal.
Gwdnnett county—Vegetation going
it. Corn making a fine start. Early
com doing well, a good stand generally
reported says the Eorcross Courier.
Spalding county—Rain needed. Corn,
wheat, and oats doing well. Cotton
lately planted suffering. Fanners well
up with work, says the Griffin Brar.
Terrell county—. High lands needing
rain, and bad stands of cotton. Com
doing well. The low lands in this
county and Calhoun county not finish
ed planting yet, the farming area hav
ing been so much submerged, says the
Journal.
Wilkes county —Not a great deal of
wheat, but growing crop looks well.
A little rust. Fruit trees overloaded,
says the Gazette.
Newton county—Crops looking well,
but rain needed says the Enterprise.
Muscogee ceunty—Despite drought
corn and cotton look remarkably well,
and have not suffered, save when baked
ground kept plants from coming up,
says the Columbus Enquirer.
Chattooga county—Mr. Penn has
the best field of wheat, which was a
clover fallow last year says the Adver
tiser.
Crop prospects good in spite of dry
weather. Fanners have cleaned com
and finished cotton. Wheatpromising,
NO. :<>