Athens banner-herald. (Athens, Ga.) 1933-current, September 30, 1934, Home Edition, Image 1
COTTON MARKET e e MIDDLING. ..o aoee anue ..\..12%:: PREV. CLOSE. ... ..se wess s 12560 Vol. 102. No. 224. THE Washington Lowdown —— Willis Thornton e ——————— indicates Path ’ Calm After Storm Service Stripes During the absence on vaca tion of Rodney Dutcher, The Banner - Heralds' Washington correspondent, the daily Wash ington Letter will be written by willis Thornton. . WASHINGTON — “Retain the good—throw oug the bad!” X That was the administration pro mise and proposal when most of the prosent emergency legislation was taken on for trial a year or wo ago. Now, as the winter ses: son of congress looms, there are frantic efforts on all sides to comb nrough the alphahetical agencies and see what can be thrown to the critical lions as bad, and what tmay be defended as undoubtedly good. NRA, which is floundering badly, like a ship withoug eithe, rudder or engines, is making such an ex. amination of itself. The real NRA organization isn’t the one that was made the other day (into legisla« tive, executive and judical branch €s.) It's the one that’s coming, the one to which advisers such as Moley, Swope, Johnson, Richberg, and possibly Baruch, have been quietly bending their energies. It's the one that will come this winter, dnd you may be pretty sure that whatever is done before then is temporary. v This ahead-view is pretty well revealed by Secretary Harold Ickes who spent nearly a whole day testi fving before the special house sub committe which is investigating the oil industry. Ickes made a plea for the petrol cum code and is accomplishments, and concluded with a hope that “interest in oil conservation will not end with expiration of the code,” but that it would be con tinued on a permanent basis, re gardless of the ultimate fate of the code itself. ; %l This house subgw hearings ir: the capital are finish ed, and whose members are now en route to Oklahoma City, Dallas and Los Angeles to finish them up in the field, will report to the full Interstate and Foreign commerce committee some time after it reor ganizes in mid-January. And the yolume of testimony by technical experts, field workers and executives of the caliber of Ickes and Walter Teagle and W. 8 Farish of Standard of New Jer sey will be a comprehensive basis. for g really permanent control pol icy for this industry. . ¢ All of which is about the best hint that can be thrown out for the future of other greag industries 0 far as permanent, longtime poli cies may be expected. With adjournment of the specta cular munitions hearing, the capi tal can scarcely reconmcile itself to the quiet, staid, and academic at mosphere of the Federal Aviation commission’s effort to find out what makes aviation tick. Few Spectators, and a quiet, “almost sleepy atmosphere . . . The justice d:partment celebraiés {ts triumph aut part in unraveling the Lind bergh affair by beginning the long lob of moving into its splendid new building on Pennsylvania- avenue. It's been in rented (and yery unpre tntious) quarters for years . . . The National Recreation Associa tion evidently believes in its own ltle. When it assembles here in farly October it's going to create & new world pecord by not having 4ny banquet. Old Washington ban ueteers say nothing seems sacred I the precedent-breaking that’s going on today. P — . poarland 'S, Ferguson, just start ffi(&l '”t second seven-year te:r as - eral trade commisgioner, should '€ one _of the veterans of the feder -2l service by the time he completes ’ff - - - Those cottdn garment manu ‘am.m'ers, who flatly refused to ‘dr;”””-" With a presidential code or w»,r-, reducing hours and raising 31(1“'\" are beginning to crack. Not S Parts of the industry were thd.\v,4»(,]],““th the decision to defy & ‘]““"‘ r. Shirtmakers were first g "*l‘-?!"9 themselves for obeving o Seed catalogs are losing their = e qualities, depafl_ynent of agri f:.l.:l\-m ‘xperts hate, in favor of g Some have gone so far as o list certain kinds of seeds as or. Tl fair or poor quality.” . . . wh;';]m(f;@d stonemasons protested s CC men started building a Voo Wall along the Mt. Vernon . ‘morial highway here arguing that o > W"v Oreanized masons were the Q‘\ People who ought to build m‘:t j \\nns.' Park authorities gep thex ®d their own work by sayving wan. LMly weren't awfully good ""rh”r;f Just loose stones placed on mae.. 1€ another, and not really SONTY G Q s ———— o O\v far as the immediate futurs e RA is concerned, ihe confu reign o' Uncertainty which has gy 9 there for the last few weeks tor, Imply augmented by the sud of the gt Unexpected, resignation ‘; ery General Hugh Johnson ATHENS BANNER-HERALD Full Associated Press Service Bulldogs Trounce Stetson, 42-0, In Opening Game Recruits For CCC Camp Near Here To Begin Arriving Monday LOGAL CAMP T 0 BE UNDER DIRECTION OF GAPTAIN PHILLIPS Nearly 200 Young Men Will Be Placed at Athens Post " WILL AID BUSINESS Industdial Leaders Say - Camp to Bring Much Money Into City The vanguard of the CCC camp being estaplished on the Daniels ville road about six miles from 4thens, has alrcady arriveq and Monday the camp recruits will be gin moving in and will continue until the full quota of over 200 members has been quartered. The camp, located about 200 vards to the left of the main paved highway going north-out of Athens in the land of Mrs. R. Booth, will be in charge of Captain W. H. Phillips, He will be assisted by Lieutenant Rufus B. Stone and anothe,. lieutenant, nog yet nam ed. . Captain Phillips and Lieuten ant Stone already have arrived and the thirg officer is expected Mon day. Also helping conducy the camp are First Sergeant Frank Petty, Mess Sergeant W. B. Young, Sup ply Sergeant Fitzgerald Linton and Company Clerk Cecil Collins. Dr. M. A. Hubert, with! the rank of First Lieutenant, will be the camp medical officer, and will pay daily visits, A total of 176 young men will be brought to this eamp from - ‘the present ecamp a; Blue Ridge, Ga., and an additional 56 or 60 will be new recruits. One feature of the camp will be classes in typewriting, business arithmetic, reading and writing, to be condueted by Prof. Barong, of Hiawassee, graduate of Mercer university. Paid S3O Monthly The boys are paid S3O a month by the federal government, $25 of which mus¢ be sent to their par ents or any dependents they may have. These boys will be allowed away from camp from Friday night to Monday morning, if their be havior has been good, and camp officers said there were very few cases of confinement to camp as punishment, so good is the morals of the campers. They will will also be allowed to visit Athens at night. The $5 a month the boys are al (Continued on Page Five) Secretary Ickes Is In Atlanta Saturday ATLANTA. — () — Secretary Ickes here Saturday challenged those ‘“who are bewailing the Jloss of ‘liberty’” to join #“us in the organization of ‘a ‘liberty league for the clearance of slums.” The interior secretary, in his ca pacity as public works administra tor, flung this challenge here after firing chargeg of dynamite which actually started the government on a program of city slum clearance. He fired his appeal for liberty for the wunderprivileged with a declaration. that “I commend to those gentlemen of wealth and power, who with their. tongues i their cheeks, are bewailing the loss of ‘liberty’ in the United States, that they join with us in the or ganization of a ‘Liberty League’ for the clearance of slums.” ’ THE NEws IN A NUTSHELL When the Clarke county court! convenes tomorrow at 10 a. m, it will have befote it two murderl cases and a number of burglary | and larceny charges to consider. Special gifts will be solicited for the Salvation Army this week un der the direction of Abit Nix. | It has finally been definitely decided that the Sandy Creek Soil Erosion project will have an exhi bition a; the Southeastern Fair in Atlanta next week. The launching of the better housing campaign in Athens is awaiting a selection of advisory ‘and executive committees. Joe Knight, lightheavy weight champion’ of the South, arrived in Athens Saturday to await his im pending fight with Earle Johnson of Atlanta. Boys who will make the new CCC camp, which is located on the Directs Police of New York i o G I 0 S I G S S A 9, R ~ i B 7 i e - o R s " . L o LS B 3 R R S e . Rog { i R YR N LA e s R RS R CERC R T L ‘vmw i e ORI 8% +‘ -:_;32535':?5:%@5"' B 3 ‘ e s Y e ’“wl""’% i - DR A | B R TR 1t R G R e i NG R i \ - o 2 | &1:':1;:,15:'(«.5?:‘., .:»vg‘:‘;if':j?it::,i{fl.»- P i TR l i . B i : i i 1 o \ 3 , i | i ] I 7 | L 1N Op from the ranks through more than 30 years of police work, Lewis J. Valentine has become the iew Commissioner of Police for New York City, succeeding Gen. John J. O’Ryan. Valentine smiles with pleasure at his latest as signment. 1 GANGSTERS SHOOT WAY OUT OF PRISON ‘Three Officers Wounded As Pair, Under Sentence Of Death, Escape 5 gt RICHMOND, , Va.-—{(®)—Shoating A el 2o tiona)] escape from jail, two no torious gangstérs, under sentence of death for murder, Saturday wounded three officers and Satur day night were being sought over a widespread area. | Walter Leganzia and Robert Mais, the criminals, suddenlyl drew pistols as they were being led from their cells in the Rich-' mond city jail to confer with an | attorney. They shot Warden W. A, Moore and Deputy Sergeant John A, Selph and then ran through the ! {ront receptica room, firing wlld-! Iy X Police Officer W. A. Toots,! rushing to the jail entrance from the outside, received 4 bullet through his chest, perhaps fatal, | as the gangsters forced their wayl through the jail door. Racing through an alley next to the jail Legenz,; and Mais held up a mail truck at Fourteenth street and forced Joe Richardson and H D. Moon, Negro drivers, out at the point of a pistol. They drove thel truck several blocks to where E. T. Carpenter was parking a sedan (Hupmobijle Va. license 20-629), took it after dragging him from the seat,- and drove at a rapid pace and were last seen speeding north on Twentieth street. Every available city and state policeman was summoned to join in the hunt for the two men, who were awaiting transfer to the death cell in the State peniten tiary for their part in the holdup and glaying of E, M. Huband, Fed eral Reserve hank mai} driver here last March. Leganzia, who, boasted at his trial that he had cracked safes from New York to New Orleans and Mais, now suffering from six bullet wounds fired into his back by Baltimore police, had been guarded with the greatest of care, police fearing “outside help”. The manner in which they obtained (Continued on Page Five) By Jack Braswell Danizclsville road from Athens, their temporary home have st&rted com ing in and will continue to do so until the camp has reached capa city, 200. W. W. T. Stewart and George D. Bennety announced they are defj nitely in race for city council from the fourth ward against Claude F. Crymes, incumbent. . E The Bulldogs smothered Stetson 42 to 0 Saturday as was expected by all of the university students. Stetson managed to get only one first down. Sororities will have their an nual “rush week” next week. They are planning to entertain the 250 or more freshmam girls highly. Belle Meador, student of the Henry W. Grady School of Jour nalism, began the first of her (Continued on Page Five) Athens, GCa., Sunday, September 30, 1934 ' / —— Name of Latest Figure In Case Withheld by District Attorney WOMAN QUESTIONED Hauptmann Is Still Only Person Against Whom Indictment Asked " By FRANCIS A. JAMIESON ’((‘,m-. 1934, by Associated Press.) ' NEW YORK.—(P)—A mystery woman witness entered the Lind iber,‘:h kidnaping investigation Sat urday night by the disclosure by | District Attorney Samuel J. Foley }thu( ske had given him “very im- Dortart” information in the case of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, ace cused of extortinez the $50,000 ran | som, Foley said he had questioned the woman privately and that she had not appeared before the grand jury. ) “She came and went as quickly as Lindbergh and nobody knew anything about her,” he saig at a press conference. ¥ Suggest Surprise ?5 The prosecutor declined to re veal the woman’'s name, where she came from, or when he had com ducted the examination. To a suggestion that he might be withholding this information to make her testimony at Haupt mann’s trial a surprice, Fp}’y e~ ““That is True, but it is not the principal reazon. This is one thing that will not leak out.” Foley’s announcement started tonjecture as to whether the wo man might be the ‘“mysterious Mary” whose picture the Daily News said was in Hauptmann's album of snapshots. The Depart ment of Justice was said by the f (Continued on Page Eight) | T o President’s Radio Address To Go on Air This Even ing at 10 P. M. | By WILLIAM L. BEALE J Associated Presg Staff Writer WASHINGTON—(Y— President | Roosevelt drafted Saturday a new accounting of his administration, designed among other things to stop businesg and political critics ofthe NRA and send that reshaken agency off to a flying start. ‘ In what is intended as a man to man chat with the people by radio Sunday night he will speak in this fashion for the first time since last June when he left for a Hawaliian vacation. It will be de livered in radically altered circum stances, both for the president and many of his hearers. The three month interval has brought new and outspoken de mands from business leaders for at least a new definition if not a shift in the present tremd of administra tion policies—especially those vital ones dealing with government spending, budget balancing, cur rency stabilization and NRA con tro! of business. The same period hag allowed President Roosevelt personally to tour the country and in the seclu gion of his Hyde Park home to gather advice from leaders in all walks of life—industry, labor, agri culture and finance. If organized business, through such outlets as the United States (Continued on Page Five) LOCAL WEATHER Partly cloudy, probable show erg in the interior Sunday, 1 Monday fuir; somewhat cooler in the north and central por- ! tions. l TEMPERATURE PRI .. . esni PR SUSOIE v v i e sdd O MR i i TS NOBERAE: i 35 wves -ns 2880 RAINFALL | Inches last 24 h0ur5........ 0.00 Total since Sept. 1........ 1.21 Deficiency since Sept. 1.... 2.27 Average Sept. rainfall...... 3.50 Total since January 1......38.47 m.- since January 1.... 1.53 ~—~ESTABLISHED 1832 Students to Make Talks at Annual Union Service at First Methodist Church Tonight NR R R AR g s G L S R ke S k- L e i S BB o 5 SRR S i ; S e e casae aptEEEEEEE B S e 3 PR T R e T fi Sy R R 2 ¢ e | R S¢B R o PR i N g s S gy A Saam A g o 3 S ‘ e B B & ;.,' o é e Above are the three University of Georgia students who will take part in the Twelfth Annual Stu dent Union Service tonight, at Student Union Service To Be Held Here Tonight at 8 Dr. S. R, Oglesby Will Deliver Address at First Methodist The twelfth annual Student Union Service, .sponsored jointly by The University of Georgia Vol untary - Religlous association and the Atheng churches, wil] be held tonight at the First Methodist church at 8:00 o'ciock. Dr. Stuart R. Oglesby, pastor of the Central Presbyterian church of Atlanta, will deliver the princi pal address, using as his topie, “Having No Hope—Without, God". Five-minute talks will be made by two students of the university. They are Walter Wise, of Fayette ville and Miss Jane Miller of Rome, president of the University Young Women’s Christian association. Claud R. Green, of Clayton, pres ident of the University Y. M, C. A., will preside over the meeting. These students services have been annua] features of the fall term of the college year in Athens for the pasteleven years. Morgan Blake, sports editer of The At lanta, Journal, was the speaker of the first of thiese services, and since that time many other proml-l nent men have appeared on the programs here. ' The public is cordially invited to attend tonight's service, The com-l plete program is as follows: Claud B. Green, '35, presiding. ‘ Prelude—Adagio: Bolzoni. | Hymn No. 69—Safely Through Another Week: Congregation. Scripture Reading and Prayer: Miss Etta Marion Hinton, '36. | Offertory. Violin - solo—Adoration: Borow ski—Louig McGarity, accompanied by Hugh McGarity. Five minute talks: “Christian. Character”: Walter (Continued on Page Eight) Alleged Beer Party . At White House Is Challenged by Body ATLANTIC CITY, N. J.—(&#)— An attack on President and Mrs. Roosevelt because of an alleged hilarious “beer party” in the White House last Christmas sea son was' rejected Saturday by the New Jersey conference of the Methodist Episcopal church after lengthy debate. : The strong censure of the chief executivée was contalned in a Te port by the temperance board of the conference, presented by the Rev. L. L. Hand. its chairman. Hardly had he completed the reading of the report when clergy and laymen rallied to the defense of the president. _The report quoted from alleged newspaper accounts of the dance given for the younger Roosevelts and their friends — reports which the Rev. George 'H. Neal, Ilater sald he understood were from a publication of* the Women's Chris tian Temperance union. “How it hurts the whole make up of a true citizen to read in bold headlineg ‘beer 'floods White House',” the report read, and con tinued its alleged quotation. Ir Washington, Stephen T. Ear ly. a presidential secrstary, term edi the report “so obviously untrus, .that it coudn't be either decent}y | ————————————— ‘6 ; ! Vit 5 Rt At g D e S j / b g Zigl R 2 sy 5 G ¢ ! il e ¢il -r?* ke L i T " ) 1’“ i ! e i 1} ity { ARG A J - 45 R | ST : Rk g \ T T e AR i T o S N e Y e LAI e " } YA | it ?fl, % ; v HiF et v | AR I - R—— which Dr. 8. R. Oglesby, of Atlan ta, will deliver the principal ad dress. From left to right they are Walter Wise and Miss Jane Miller, CLOCKS ARE TURNED BACK 1 HOUR TODAY By The Associated Press Time got back to normal for an estimated 30,000,000 persons Sunday at 2 a. m. as daylight’ saving for 1934 officiaMly came to an end, e ¢ In milliohs of homes, millions of clocks and watches were turned - back an hour, and “Father Time” regained the hour lost last spring on April 29. | Daylight sgaving was effec tive mainly in the urban Rast and Middlewest, 1 LEGION TO SPONOR COUNTY FAIR HERE Local’ Posg Will Cet Be hind Event Scheduled For November Clarke county's fair, which will be held November 6-10, will be sponsored by the American Legion. The Legion board of directors, meeting Friday night, decided to sponsor the fair and "plans ' are already being ghaped to make it the best ever held in Clarke county. D The Legion post will meet this week, at’ which time its member ship will take further action in re gard tO promoting the event. Dr. H. B. Hodgson is comman der of the Legion post, having been installed at its last meeting. At the me=ting of the board of directors Friday night, V. G. Hawkins, adjutant of the post, re signed, and H. B. Higginbotham was elected to succeed him. Mr. Higginbotham is a member of the board of directors. The plans for the Clarke county fair are being worked out by C. A. Abbott of Greenville, S. C., who has had many years experience in promoting county fairs. The Legion post next Thursday night will eleet a committee to have charge of promoting the fair, which will ekhibit agrieultural products in Clarke county, and also bring a mid-way to Athens which, it is said, will be one of the best that can be obtained. TARVER REPORTS ROME,; Ga.—(®)—The successful campaign waged by Congressman Malcolm C. Tarver of the seventh district for renomination cost $4,- 006, he reported to the clerk of superior court. An expenditure of $1,141.25 for stamps was the larg est single item in the list. HAVANA POLICE FEAR STUDENT DISORDERS HAVANA.— (&) —Police squads were stationed at Fraternity Park, near the -capitol, Saturday night as Communists distributed pam phlets urging all persons to come out on the streets. Saturday was the first anniver sary of a sharp clash in Frater nity Park between Communists and troops under Colonel Fulgen cio Batista. Seven were killed in the encounter a year ago. $ - Police were apprehensive that left wing students would start dis- A. B. C. Paper—Single Copies, 2c—s¢ Sunday y LA WMO f : L ST Gy e et S Ll s 5 Wi 4 Al éwg, o BT cr o)) Pl e e 2 4 s v 4 4 s R b £ S i G | v Y QPR Sl e SR L st e G ED T R ; : Lo b : {3 (% 104 ok Ty e g gfi V:'.’A’ T LB E D TR ~.,"'.‘§§"‘ 3 . FELESAS G S A ? o R it R S ¥ (‘E # '_‘ i T % . ———————————————r et who will make five-minute talks, and Claud B. Green, president of the University Y.M.C.A., who will preside over the meeting. [EXTILE PEACE PLAN PUT INTO OPERATION Board to Regulate Work “Stretchout” W.ill Be Named This Week | BY RICHARD L. TURNER (Associated Press Staff Writer) . WASHINGTON— (#) —The ad ministration plan for peace in the textile industry will be put in full operation early next week with tho appointment of a board to regulate the “stretchout,” important funda mental cause of the recent strike. The new Textile Labor Relations board, which is to appoint this second group, is studying a list of possibilities gathered from wvarious sources, including suggestions by both manufacturers and labor lead ers. Saturday it was close to ga decision. 3 The labor department prepared meanwhile to set its probe into hours, wages, wage differentials and working conditions in the tex tile industry. into full swing on Monday. It prepared a schedule of items to be included in the survey. Its agents were already in the field prepared to begin work. On Monday, too, strikers who have been refused reemployment will apply for work again in a move to compile a new list of cases of alleged discrimination. These will be filed with the tex tile labor board. Union leaders decided upon this procedure, at the recommendation of the board itself, for the purpose of determining the exact number of such cases and their factual basis The “stretchout” is the title that southern workers have applied to the practice of gradually increasing the number of machines which an operative must tend. The Winant mediation board, appointed by President Roosevelt during the strike, asserted its importance as a cause of that conflict could zot be over-emphasized and reported that it had increased under the textile codes. The stretchout boarq will make investigations in representative mills selected by the code authori ties and the United Textile Work ers, By January it mus; submit a (Continued on Page Right) More Than 100 Homes Are Saved Here Through HOLC An analysis of the administra tion of the Home Owners Loan ‘Corporation in C€larke county, showing its far-reaching effect on not oaly home owners whose property has been saved, but the entire business community, was made public here yesterday. The analysis covers the first twelve months of the HOLC'S ex istence, it having been created one year ago by the New Deal congress to help the home owners in distress. el Local representative sos the HOLC are Judge J. D. Bradwell, attorney for . the corporation, and W. L. Bradberry, appraiser. Summary of Work A summary of the analysis re veals the following facts: 1. A total of 192 loans aggregat ing $529,800.85 haye been closed out of 400 ;fllllclflm filed dur Glenn Johnson and Paul Causey Score Twice Each in Rampage Three Teams Enter Play , For Bulldogs; Subs Show Up Well BY GUY TILLER, JR. ‘ Unleaching .a, powerful offense that rolled up 427 yards ang pres enting a defense that allowed a meager total of 72 yards, the Geor gia Bulldogs romped nome first against Stetsen' Saturday, 42 to 0. Making 18 first downs to thelr opponents’ one, the Bull_dogs scor .ed alt will. The sound of cheers that a¢ccompanied the opening kiek off had barely dieq away when Glenn Johnson, circled his own left end for 27 yards and a touchdown. Bond kicked the extra point and the score was Georgia 7, Stetson 0. A féew minutes later the same Savannah speedster, Glenn John~ son, experiencing his first ‘taste of varsity football fire, romped 6ff left tackie, reversed his field to the left and raced 41 yards for another touchdown. Bond again made the extra point good. Score—Georgia 14, Stetson 0. v On both of Johnson's runs. Jack Griffeth and Buck Chapman clear ;xed the path beautifully. Griffeth’s blocking aided the Bulldog offense trementously throughout the fray: No further scoring took place in the initial period, and an entire new team tok the field for the Bulldogs. Wagnon and Turbeyville were re placed. at the end posts by Hugh O'Farrell and Harrold. Morgan and Harman relieved West and Hall, who had been making numerous nackles throughout the first frame. Law and Johnson came in at guards for Brown and McCulloughs Perkinson went to the snappers back position for McKnight. » New Backs Bl Treadaway, signal barker, Caue sey, Minot and Greene took over the ball carrying duties. Glenn Johnson, Bond, Griffeth and Chap man went to the sidelines. * It was Hugh O'Farrell, Athens boy, who plaveq a large part in the scoring of the third, and final touchdown of the first haif O’'Farrell broke through and b?b!;«;; ed Offutt’s pung on the Stetson . vard line. Charlie Harrold réeever ed for Georgia. it A On the first play from that point, “Snag” Causey, speedy and de- (Continued on page four) Executives, Labor Still in Deadlock SAN FRANCISCO. —(#)— '@o deadlock between executives: of the American Federation of Labor and leaders of its building trades department over the status. .of three big international unions out weighed all over pre-convention issues Saturday and produced threatg of a major schism .in er ganized labor’s ranks. NI Rumors were widely circulated that the federation in its conven tion opening here next week might be asked to revoke the char ter of the building trades depairt ment unless the latter body yield ed in the bitter controversy. Wil liara Green, - federation president, and other high officials remained noncommittal when asked about these rumors. 2. Taxes amounting to $19,089.02 have been paid to the city of Ath ens and §9,782.26 paid to the coun 1y tax collector for state and coswn ty taxes. 3. The sum of $54415 has been spent for making repairs on homes ang over 150 of the homes where loans have been granted have been repaiited. £ 4 4. More than 100 homes have been saved rfrom foreclosure. : Both Judge Bradwell and My Bradberry have labored harg and faithfully in their efforts to bring to the community the benefits of the HOLC and the success of the organizatign as far as m county is concerned has been d to their efforts. The scope of the HOLC has geen extended to -in clude modernization and beautifi catlon of homes, and any improve- :