Newspaper Page Text
WEDNESDAY, AUGUST 14, 1935.
e ——— s
MUSSOLINI SHINES AS APOSTLE OF PEACE
i| Duce Plays Major Part in
Bringing Nations
Together
One of 'the most fascinating
«torie¢ in modern history is
that of Benito Mussolini, dic
tator of lta]_v. This is the fifth
instaliment of the six-part se
ries by Milton Bronner, telling
of Musseolini’'s career. -
eiS ‘ 3
By MILTON ‘BRONNER
NEA Service Staff Correspondent.
There were times afiter Benito
Mussolini came to full power. in
jtaly when other’ nations ' thought
he was a mere condottiere—one of
those adventurers so familiar in
jftalian history. 8
There were times when ‘His in
flammatory speeches about ‘the
glory of being a soldier, the neces
gty of all male Hallans being
ready to take part in war, about
Italy's fiiture on the sea—so rem
iniscent of what ex-Kaiser Wil-'
helm used ‘to say—made the world
nervous.. But it turned’ out that
these speeches were more go,r home
consumption 'than for abroad. °
Acting. in the great world out
cide of ‘ltaly ', Mussolini proved
pimself a T statesman steadfastly
consecrated to the cause of peace
in the old world. . -
He took a Teading part in 'the
famous Logcarno treaty, signed
Qctober © 16, 1925, by_-Italy, Great
Britain, ~France, Germany, and
Belgium. Under ‘this, the frontiers
petween Germany ‘and France and
Germany and Belgium were B'uar-l
anteed.
In case France or Belgium at-I
tacked Germany, or Germany at
tacked France or Belgium, Italyl
and Great Britain would come to!
the ald of. the attacked party. I
It was a pact designed 'to assure |
nervous neighbors, afraid that the
League of Nations "alone did not:
give them -enough security. -
Engineers Peace [Pacts t
Following that, Mussolini gave
his assent to the famous Kellogg-
Briand paet, in which 'the United
States, - Italy, Great Britain,
France, Belgium, Germany, Po
land, (zecho-Slovakia . and Japan
solemnly renounced: war as a
means of arbitrament of dispu'ted
questions, .
But still France was - nervous.
Mussolini then engineered his own
famous Four-Power Pact, signed
in 1933 by Italy, Britain, France
and Germany. It was agreed that
all serious questions among the‘ml
should be brought before the Lea
gue of Nations for maintenance of
peace,
Soviet Russia was somewhat
perturbed by this pact, so in Sep~
tember, 1933, Mussolini concluded
a pact of . friendship and non
aggression” with Russia, saying: i
“The Four-Power Pact elimi
nates the datiger of Hlocs in/west
ern Burope. ©So far as Italy is
concerned .1 hope this Russian
pact attaing . ‘the gsame result in
eastern = Kurope and western |
Signs Other Treaties
Prior to this, he had engineered
three great treaties for peace in
the eastern Mediterranean. In 1928
he signed a pact with Greece and
cne withh - Purkey and largely
helped bring about a similar one
between the amcient foes—Greece
and Turkey.
In 1931, Mussolini agreed to ad
here to theé London naval pact
signed by the U. S., Japan,” and
England. France also then®ad
hered to it.
To a world alarmed -by some of
his speeches, Mussolini gave as
surance in+l93o in his message to
his partg:| & - o . 3
“Fascigt Italy .arms . because
everybody -arms. It will disarm if
“everybody disarms. We arm for
defen<e and not for attack. Fas
cist Ttaly will never take the init
iative in.war.”
In March, 1934, he engineered 2
vact among - Italy, Austria, and
Hungary. On the political side it
tock the form of a ecomsultative
pact for preservation of peace. It
furthermore had sections designed
o improve economic relations
among the three states. T
Plays Deep Politics
If all these things were straight
forward and statesmanlike, the
same was not true of Mussolini’s
this position. He backed the
\
Tobacco Growers Can
._ "
Purchase Additional
Allotment Permits
otment P
WASHINGTON — (#) — Farm
ddministration officials announced
Tuesday contracting growers. of
flue-cured tobaccos with crops in
tieess of allotments may purchase
| Additional | allotment certificates
| !mmediately through their county
| larm agents,
~ Growers ‘must pay four cents a
~ Pound for the additional allotments
| Oificialg said, 5 -
Georgia and north Florida grow
| €l's dlready Are markging * their
fves and the new plan was de=
‘sed by AAA for the purpose -of
"“Imitting full -and prompt move
ment of the crop. :
Under ‘the “previous set-up, the
Elower could not obtain additional
tertificates permitting the sale of
obacco until his neighbors’ had
“old their crops and it was deter
lined definitely whether some had
“eriiticates for sale.
The revised policy will allow an
limediate interchange where a
Sfower with a surplus over his al- |
lOtment finds another grower with
“Criificates for sale. Failing in
'his the grower seeking an addi
tional allotment can obtain certi
ficates at the county agent's oftige{
" paving four cemts a poumd: |
" was expected that Mter monéy
flom the additioaal alle nt might
b used to purchase surplus certi
~ ficates in areas where the crop tx:
(“;‘“‘" is not so abundant as
|‘amtude with * regard to Germany
| and France. He consistently. play
| ed one against the other, especial
i ly after Adolf Hitler and his Nazis
i came to power in Germany. If, at
| first, he seemed to favor Germany
{in its claim for revision of treaties
lum(j for rearmament, it was be
!cause Hitler had largely imitated
| Fascism and seemed about to cre
|ate a state kindred to Italy.
{ But Hitler, in his racial perse
cutions, in. his mixing in the af
' fairs of Austria, soon. alienated
| the Duce. Basically, Mussolini
] never loved the Teutons.
| In the matter of German rear
[mament, he seemed to assent, be
cause he saw no way short of war
| o prevent it.
! As for France, the relations be
;tween the Latin sisters had been
'bad for years. France had com
| pletefuly refused to give Italy any
of the territory pledged in the se
cret London treaty of 1915. France
insisted upon a navy larger than
Ttaly’s. France treated Italy like a
poor relation.
Hitler Goes Too Far
l Hitler presumed too much upon
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Mussolini, worid statesman of far vision,_in music room of home.
movement of the Austrian Fas
cists, who were seeking to bring
{about a union of some sort be
tween Austria and Germany. This
would Lave brought a big Germany
to tlie Brenner Pass frontiers of
Ttaly instead of a little Austria
Mussolini therefore backed Chan
cellor Dollfuss to the limit in his
efforts to squelch the Fascists.
When Dollfus was assassinated
July 25, 1934, and ‘there were abor
| tive risings of, Fascists in parts of
Austria, Mussolini promptly moved
50,000 troops to the Austrian bor
der.
‘ It was notice to Hitler that he
{would not tolerate a Fascist re
gime in Austria.
Now, at last, France, alarmed by
the growing power of Nazi Ger
many. was in a mood to make it
up with Italy.
In January, 1935, Mussolini and
Pierre Laval, French foreign sec
retary, signed an agreement at
Rome settling all outstanding
tries, \
! Peace With Vatican
l If in foreign affairs Mussolini
proved himself a clever, wise, and
Jefferson Mills File
Processing Tax Case
MACON, Ga.—(#)—Three new
processing tax cases were filed in.
Federal district court here Tues-f
day and Judge Bascom S. Deaver
assigned all three for yearing on
| Avgust 20, after he had grarted
temporury reéstraining orders
against W. E. Page, internal rev
enue collector and defandant. '
The plaintiffs are the Griffin
.Grocery company at Griffin and.
Fort Valley, where corn and flour
’are ground; the Tallapoosa Mills,
cof'ton processors of Tallapoosa;
and the Jefferson Mills, cotton
processors, of Jefferson.
ik g S
RUSSELL HOPEFUL |
WASHINGTON — (#) — After
conferring with Harry L. Hopkins,
work progress administrator, Sena
tor Russell, Democrat, Ga., said
Tuesday he, was ‘“very hopeful”
President Roosevelt would - allot
works funds for improvement of
Savannah harbor.
| savannah wants $1,500,000 for en
larging its turning basin and deep
’ening the harbor channel.
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quick marketing of the new crop
-fafter»t'hey had received reports of
{ Georgia 'that“difficulty was met by
growers in obtaining additional al
: %gcmg certificates, and that some
armers were showing impatience
{ovyer the %tugt;g‘no. ~AAA now ‘has
| under cohsidefation extending its
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R R R U R —————e—
far-seeing statesman, at home he
brought off a wonderful piece of
diplomacy. - Mussolini settled a
quarrel between the kingdomr Ofl
Italy and the Vatican which had|
lasted more thar 60 years. I
The Popes for centuries prac
ticaly had been temporal sover-’
eigns of the middle part of ltaly.‘
The Pope not only was head of
the Roman Catholic church, but
king of a belt of Italian lands ex
tending from sea to sea. In 1870
King Victor Emmanue]l I had be
come sovereign of all Italy, except
the papal states. These were con
quered in that year and in 1871
Rome was declared the capital of
united Italy.
To the Pope was left the Valti
can and the Lateran Palace. Pope
Pius IX, then head of the church,i
made himself a voluntary prisoner!
in the Vatican grounds, refusi‘ngl
to give up his claims as a tempor
al sovereign. Every sucecssor emu- i
later his example. |
Ends Long Quarrel
The quarrel poisoned the stream
of Italian life. Italy was basically
INDIAN MOUND
WASHINGTON —(AP) — Dis
covery of an Indian mound differ
ent from any previously found in
this country on Key Largo in
Florida has been reported to the
Smithsonian Institution. The |
mound, said Matthew W. Stirling
chief of the bureau of American
Bthnology for the institution, was
about 11 feet high and had stone
facing of a peculiar type. Semin
ole Indiams told him of another
mound like it in the middle of the
Frvereladoe
f)
Black Flag %,;*
: in place >
<> cft
sos roaches 3
\3 A 524‘:‘[‘7
is not a bad idea!
AN
BLACK FLAG )/
LIQUID . . Kills insects that fly
POWRDER. . Kills insects that crawl
THE BANNER-HERALD, ATHENS, GEORGIA
Sixty years of dirife hetween
the Italian government and ‘the
Vatican ended with the signing of
the Lateram treaty, at which Mus
solini, left and Cardinal Gasperri,
right, were the principal figures.
and overwhelmingly Ca'tholic. And
the people were confronted with
this estrangement between their
Catholic king and the head of their
church.
All efforts to compose the guar
rel in the past had failed. Musso
linj determined to end it.
- Negotiations were secretly start
ed in 1925 and continued up to
1928, lln 1929 Mussolini personally
tock part. On Feb. 7, 1929, Cardi
nal Gasparri, papal secretary of
state, announced that an accord
had been reached.
On Feb. 11 Mussolini and the
card-nal formally signed the pa
ners
There was a political treaty,
which recognized the absolute'tem
poral sovereignty of the Pope over
what is now known as the Sta'te of
the Vatican City. Extra-territori
ality was guaranteed to other
lpapal holdings in and around
Rome.
The Catholic religion was for
mally recognized as the religion
tof state. But other religions, in
|stead of being “tolerated”, were
|now “admitted.” The church, in
its turn, recognized the kingdom
of Italy and the royal House of Sa
voy and Rome as its capital,
Builds Up Own Nation
Inside Italy it is an old story
that Mussolini cleaned the govern
!ment service of corruption, made
the railways efficient, built many
new roads, improved 'the harbors
at Genoa, Trieste and other ports,
and encouraged the building of
great passenger liners to America
vying with ‘the best. .
He made of Rome a great capi
tal, and it soon became a million
city, surpassing Milan and Naples
| Tearing down old rookeries, he
‘drove through splendid boulevards
which revealed the ancient Rome
'which was once capital of the
world.
He encouraged town planning
which would admit of Rome’s
#comtortable growth to a city of
| two millions. He pushed forward
| electrification of Italian railways
!and developments of electric power
}out of water power, so Italy
| would have to import less coal.
|Ma;ny of the marshy, fever-swept
Idistricts in and near Rome were
| drained and converted into rich
| farmlands.
One of his most notable accom
plishments was his so-called “Bat
tle of Wheat!? The Italians are
great eaters of bread and of maca
roni and spaghetti. In 1922 Italy
had to import nearly 50 per cent
of its wheat requirements.
Mussolini started the wheat bat
tle in 1925. In 1932 he had the
satisfaction of seeing Italy entire
ly self-supporting in the matter
of wheat. Not a lire had to be
sent abroad to purchase the all
important grain. &
NEXT: The real Mussolini, a
man “married to his job”; his se
crets, his jealousies, his vanity, The
newest sensation in his career, the
Ethiopian affair. »
s c—. — ——————————————————————————— et
NO NEW CASES
i RALEIGH, N, C. — (AP) No
lnew cases of < infantile paralysis
| were listed Tuesday in North Car
} olina—the first tregular business
| day since May 20 that the state
[ board of health did not receive
| reports of one or more cases of
; poliomyelitis.
| There have been 534 cases of
| infantile paralysis listed in the
| state this year, compared with a
| previous all-time high for one
%years of 133 cases in 1929.
N
egro CCC Camps
Won't Be Forced
on't orced on
Ar inst Wi
eas Against Will
ATLANTA — (®) o~ Reports that
protests have been lodged in Geor
gia and other southern states
against establishment of Negra
Civilian Conservation corps camps
‘Tuesday brought a.statement from
'the Fourth Corps headquarters of
;the army that “in no case will
' Negro camps be forced on com
‘[munities that do not want them.” 4
. Governor Eugene Talmadge said
'he had received petitions from var
ious parts of Georgia protesting
against Negro CCC camps. ‘
. Colonel L. V. Gasser, chief of|
staff of the fourth corps area said
protests had been registered in
Louisiana, Florida, Tennessee and
Alabama. He added that represen- |
tative of the respective governors
and the army were visiting the 10-|
calities and if objections are not |
withdrawn abandonment of the
camp projects will be ordered. |
Approximately 382 white camps
and 856 Negro camps have been set
up in the eight states in the Fourth
Corps area. There are 12 Negro
and 52 white camps in Georgia.
| ‘Where protests have been lodged,
Colonel Gasser said, the governor
is asked to name a representative
to visit the community with a rep
resentative of the army.
Colonel Gasser szid the commun
ities usually withdraw their objec
tion. -He said Governmor Talmadge
was asked to send a representa
tive to Washington, Ga., and that
the governor asked that the army's
representative deal with the situa
tion there. Objections were with
drawn in this cuse and a camp
established.
Talmadge said he had no official
information about Negro camps.
However he added:
“I think the only way they should
establish Negro CCC camps in
Georgia, if they are going tq have
any, is to put them on or near mili
tary reservations.”
|
ALABAMA‘ PROJECTS ||
WASHINGTON ' — (#) — Presi~
dential . approval of $549,087 for
works relief projects in A’abama
was announced Tuesday.
To the federal funds will be ad
ded $448,394 pledged by the vari
ous sponsors of projects in the
program submitted by Thad Holt,
Alabama WPA administrator,
The new' allotments included:
Barbour county:
Clayton—Pave six miles on Eu
faula-Comer road, federal funds,
$14,305; 'sponsor’s contribution, $28,-
609. Pave nitie miles of Louisville-
Clayton road, federal funds, $19,-
341; sponsor's contribution, $38,683.
. .
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want real economy in your next low-priced truck, g 2
LSS A AND | ALSO GET AMAZING ECONOMY WITH
truck features you know will save you money on gas—oil
~—tires and upkeep. That is what Mr. Berry did. Thou- ¥; b o
sands have done it—and that is why these same thousands DODGE o ;
are switching to Dodge trucks. Priced down with the very
2 " ks alona i ¢ ywest ice field give :
lowest, Dodge trucks alone '1 .hg lowest price field give = Rydraulic Brakes Save . R.ollor_-Bearlnz Unives
such costly features as hydraulic brakes ... factory-in- s Tires — Dodge genuine = Ps I sal Joints—Only Dodge
stalled oil filter ... 4 main bearings ... 4 piston rings, e S hydraulic brakes stay i\t e among the three lowest
: £ and roller-bearing universal joints. 18 )—/‘ equalized, they save you : 5B g & priced trucks gives you
instead of 3... and ILT N P S - money on tires, on ad- g - Y \E’ roller-bearing universals
high-priced features make Dodge the outstamding value / justments. Every truck | g- s instead ofbushings. Roller
-3 -priced truck field today. Let vour Dodge 4 \ driver knows hydrau- R "f-\_/ bearings require less lu
in the low'pn e 82% vol e s .3 = l lic brakes work safer, & \'\f L brication...stay tight. ~
dealer show them all to you ... nov : / j = smoother—check skidding | & = T=] checkbacklash.,.prolong
DODGE DIVISION — CHRYSLER MOTORS & &7;'4; and swerving. L AT i e Deslons
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, RS NN | Exhaust Vaive Seat in- {;}\_\ SN Full-Floating Rear Axle :
3 ‘/'rvmz il | \ serts Save Gas — Pio- ,ey \ Saves Upkeen-—Dodge i
8 | e " neered by Dodge in the [ A )\ pioneered the full-loating
= = £ e {l\ SN gy low-priced truck field! L z \ axle in lowspriced trucks
A Rl N = Make valves seat tight; A~ wl! to save you money. A full- 1
i — .:@ 3 | Q ’ ! hold compression;save P Q;',:,‘ floating rear axle is more |
3 . , A g RN = gas; resist pitting and M . ,f/’“n\\ - efficient, safer . .". saves
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S caii -(& ! -/ g é & valve grinding thousands JB'/ LT expense, adds years to life
i‘ ' Te——— - ‘S, //;% ‘g\§ of extra miles. ¢ k‘t‘ L/‘ of your truck,
i Woy X 27 P h BSS = - S .
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. AL PANEL - % *List prices at factory, Detroit, subject to change with-
DODGE ,COMMERC,.I" . snom- $ out rotice. Special equipment, including dual wheels o
6-cyl., 119 wheelbasg. SHDAEL == 900 N on *i-ton models, extra. Time payments to fit your g
ical—with 18 high-priced, money-saving bua i>t. Ask for the official Chrysler Motors Comme r
features. Now 0n1y.... vid Rin cial redth/an.(Dodflepassen!anlrl‘6‘s‘!ndup.) s ,"
— ’ sAN N SRI
- J. SWANTON IVY, 1nc.—125 E. Broad Street ke
e S A A
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Here’s How Social
.
Security Would Hel
Those \%ho Resignel()l
L R R
el
WASHINGTON — (&) —~ With
the social security législation at
the White House awaiting Presi
dent Roosevelt’'s signature, inquiries
have reached the capital about how
it would affect one whose pay has
been taxed for a period and who
resigns or ig discharged before
reaching 65.
Such a man would get a pension
based on a percentage of the total
income on which he paid taxes.
Here is the way it would work:
If the total income on which he
has paid taxes amounts to less
than $3,000, from 65 on he will re
ceive a check each month equival
ent to half of one per cent of such
total income. .
If he has paid taxes on more
than $2,000, he will receive half of
one per cent on the first $3,000, a
twelfth of one per cent on the
amount from $3,600 to $45,000 and
a twenty-fourth of one per cent on
the amount over $45,000. In no
case, however, can the }monthlyl
check exceed SBS. ;
In other words, if a man worked
only a comparatively short time,
paid the tax on $2,800, and was
jobless from, say 50 until 65, he
ihen would begin getting monthly
checks of §l4. If his taxed income
amounted to $3,000 even, the check
would be sls.
If this income was $38,000, $29.16
would be added to make a $44.16
check.
If it reached $45,000, the check
would be SSO. For each $5,000 over
income of $48,000, $2.08 would be
added to the check until the SBS
maximum was reached. 4
In order to get the pension a man
must retire from active work at
65,
AMENDMENT ORDERED
WASHINGTON — (AP) — -An
amendment to the Atlanta, Ga.,
milk license lowering the price of
Class 1 milk was ordered in effect
Tuesday by Secretary Wallace.
The amendment obligades dis
tributors to producers on a basis
of $2.60 a hundredweight for
Class 1 testing 4 per cent butter=
fat instead of $2.70. Class two
continues at $1.85 and Class 3 was
changed to a formula of the
price of Chicago 92-score butter
plus 25 cents a hundredweight,
The plus previously was 20 cents,
The amendment separates ice
cream and ice cream mix from
Class 2 milk‘and places them in
class three and class 3 milk be
comes class 4 under a change of
definition with the price the same
ias the former price 3 class, how
ever.
. ofe
Deadline for Filing
Regents Case Appeal
Extended Two Days
ATLANTA — (#) — Bond Al
mand, counsel for plaintiffs seek
ing to enjoin payment of $333,333
out of the state treasury to the
board of regents for new buildings
in the university system, Tuesday
said the Fulton (Atlanta) superior
court had extended until Thursday
the deadline for filing an appeal to
the Georgia supreme court.
Judge E. E. Pomeroy recently
dismissed the case on a defense
demurrer and granted a superced
eas which expired Tuesday. How
ever, it was extended for two
days. .
The suit for an injunction, nam
ing state officials and the board
of regents as defendents, was
brought by members of the board
of directors of the Georgia Federa
tion of Labor on claims the state
could not legally appropriate mon
ey for bullding purposes in the
university system until past due
appropriations for common schools
are retired. '
Meanwhile, Dr. 8. V. Sanford,
chancellor .of the University Sys
tem, asked Governor Talmadge if
the money was available so the
regentg could go ahead with their
building plans,
Talmadge told him everything
was held in suspension pending the
termination of the case. -
INVITED TO MEET
ATLANTA, Ga. — (AP)— The
Georgia Public Service commis
sion Tuesday invited railroad
regulatory commissions and ship
pers of Southeastern states to
meet at the state capitol here
September 3, to launch a general
((SUMMER TRIPS]j|EXCURSION FARES
\ e o 1 GOING AND RETURING VIA SAYANNAM
f‘\: on‘ s o 10
C,. ,7-"""‘, B ggngmons Ay g?‘g
RN . iy SR ;
.@.l ”fi'p_ : \1 NEW YORK .. .. $47.95
G v = | PHILADELPHIA . $43.10
VIA SAVANNAH .
% v CIRCLE TOUR FARES
R T SRSALA, SPN
ADELPHIA BOSTON .. .. $64.05
BALTIMORE NEW YORK . . . . $48.80
BOSTON and SIMILAR FARES TO <o
OTHER EASTERN CITIES and RESORTS| OTHER POINTS o \-\
ok
. B.T. BEELAND, Commercial Agent, 5 E““G\A"
PHONE 640, 612 SO. MUTUAL INS. BLDG. ) N
ATHENS, GA. G W.
- — et .e e e ottt ee e els §S e ——
PAGE FIVE
I E——————————
investigation of southern freight
rates,
In announcing this step, Chair«
man Jud P. Wilhoit ‘of the Geor=
gia commission said it was neces
sary for the interstate commerce
commission te remove “rank
#nd indefensible” iscrimimations
against the south in order for this
section of the country to prosper
industrialiy.
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SAVINGS & LOAN
COMPANY
102 SHACKELFORD BLDG.
COLLEGE AVE.—PHONE 1371
