Georgia telegraph. (Macon, Ga.) 1844-1858, August 31, 1858, Image 1
TFItMS.—:Hereafter the price of thia Pep** 1 " l11
. Vtt'O DOLLARS per annum, if paid inodvance,
remitted to the office before the expiation of the
",woption year. If left to be anpM ferVjrtke
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r -'l bo required in every ease, wfteout exception, to
Silver chargee end commissions-
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vVnld bo accompanied with Core.
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,1 "Georgia Telegraph.’’ Persons writing to the
Telegraph’ .fn Macon, should so write.
*,},!„ war, only, will the letters designed for the
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..tion. / . •
VOL. XXXII.
MACON, TUESDAY MORNING, AUGUST 31, 1858.
NQ. 50;
Advertisements at th6 regular charge will bo One
Dollar per square of 10 line % or lets, for the first in
sertion, ami Fifty cents for er.ch subsequent inser
tion. All advertisements no) specified as .to time
will be published until torbid ana charged accoid
ingly.
Obituary Notices not exceeding ten lines, will
bopublished gratis; but cash at the rate of One Dol
lar for every ten manuscript lines exceeding that
number, must accompany all longer notices, or they
will be cut short.
"^*The Telegraph goes to press at 3 o’clock,
Monday Evenings. Advertisers will oblige by baud-
r in their favors, as early as Saturday, if possiifi e.
:
Tlie Victoria Bridge.
From the Montreal Transcript Aug. 11.
flic work of the construction of this noble
i s now rapidly proceeding, and we had
a, opportunity a fi»w days ago of examining
,, 0 ,jjy the completed parts of the structure,
also the operations which are taking place
i the dams and piers which are not yet fin-
Ti,' I. We first proceeded over the abutment
u the north shore to the tubes which are nl-
1 „iy placed across the two first spans’ of the
hri 1 . The work of the riveting of the plates
wa j going on, and the structure rang with the
clan gor of hammers forming the heads of the
bolts. A large number of portable forges
were stationed in all parts of the tube, and on
i' e top of it, and rivets heated in the fires
ffore supplied to the workmen by boys atten-
di u o- on each forge. It is interesting to sec
• speed with which Iron—a material hard-
|v known a few years ago in the arts of coa-
.truL’tien—can be formed into edifices adap
ted to the purposes of man. This speed is
ini’ eh facilitated by the circumstance that till
the parts of the tubes are multiplications of
tbe same patterns. The bridgo will consist
of twenty-four piers, with twenty-five opea-
iu -a or spans—the center about half as large
Jaain as the others. These openings arc cov-
;:,d by a tube, or rather by a series of tubes
of boiler plate, separated from each other at
the cads, and strengthened by angle iron.
An article like this is not the place for an ac-
oouut of the reasons which make the tubular
arm of materials stronger than any other rr-
raugement of them; but we may remark that
if the four plates which form the four sides of
the tuba wero laid one upon another, the thick
ness of the whole would not exceed about two
and a half inches, and would^not support a fif
tieth part of the load which may be safely car
ried over the tubes. It needs no engineering
nor mechanical knowledge to be able to un
derstand that hardly any accumulated thick
nesses oi’ such a material laid in a flat shape
over an opening between 500 feet long and 300
feet wide, would support the hundreds of tons
weight made up by the component parts of a
railway train resting oa the middle of it.
Tiie plates throughout the tubes are dou
ble ; boiled to anglo iron beams and girders;
aid always overlapping each other at the ends,
for further security, each joint has placed
over it, on each side of the plates, an ex;ra
dieet bolted on both sides of the joint, and
colled a covering plate. The object of all
these precautions is to make the tubes resem
ble as much as much as possible similar tubes
made of one piece of metal.
.Many very delicate considerations have to
be attended to by the engineer who adopts
this tubular mode of construction, in order to
give his roadway the greatest strength, with
the least weight and cost. The condition up-
o.i which the attainments of this end depepds
is, that the relative strain upon each inch of
ihe surface should bo known, and the strength
ofthe metal at that place proportioned to the
stress. It is impossible here to give any idea
of the data upou which these calculations are
made. The result, however, is that the hardest
duty must be done by the metal s'ituated at
the ends of the tubes, and accordingly this
part is strengthened by a considerable addi-
tion to the ordinary number of transverse sup
ports of angle iron. As to the plates them-
. elves, the same kind of calculations have de
termined that those in the bottom and top of
the tube should be thinnest at the end and
thickest in the middle of the length, while this
order is reversed at the sides, and the great
er thickness of plate is used at the ends. The
sentences immediately foregoing will prepare
the reader for the information that every sheet
of ii on, and every angle iron upright or gir-
der has its place in the edifice marked with
the greatest accuracy before it is shipped at
Liverpool, and that, upon arriving on the
bauk of the St. Lawrence, it mast not vary
half aa inch from the position for which it was
destined, llut, perhaps, it will excite w m-
(L-r at the immense forethought, labor and at
tention to details, which are necessary for such
perfect and long-before-hand adjustment when
we state that it is necessary to determine the
position of 2,500 different pieces of iron in each
of the smaller tubes, or of 62,700 pieces iu the
whole bridge. This is like numbering the
bucks of a house, aud never putting one in
the wrong place. The rivets used in each
tube amount in number to 80,000, or to more
lb m 2,000,000 in the entire structure, and,
reckoning the heads as separate pieces of iron,
we shall nave moic ih»u r,000,000
pieces of metal put together to form the tubu
lar roadway.
The expansion and contraction of metal is
another circumstance requiring the atteujon
of the architect in iron. Every one t| ot
coarse aware of this phenomenon, hut perhaps
it may be a hovel reflection to many that the
vast structure, poised so high iu the air above
the St. Lawrence, and apparently so fiimly
fixed, is yet going through constant anti not
iu tousiderablo changes of dimensions and even
of forms, and that instead of its parts being
rigidly fastened to their places, the metallic
roadway is iu fact disengaged from the stone
piers in order to allow the tube to stretch it
self oa its bed, as our readers arc doubtless
accustomed to -do on theirs. The principal
phenomena of expansion and contraction in
these tabes are two. The first is chiefly m
ihe length, which varies in a summer day some
inch and a-half for each tube covering a _ sin
gle opening, and between summer and w'iner
varies about threo and a half inches. Ino
other is a change in form, arising, from the
fact that the upper floor of the tube is .exposed
to the sun’s rays, while the lower one is in the
shade. The consequence is a greater length-
! dates before they are put up in their places,
t consists of a large steam cylinder having, a
piston, on the projecting end of which are a
number of dies in the shapes of rivet beads.
The plates, with the rivet placed in the prop
er holes, being then presented to these dies
the steam is allowed to enter the cylender, and
at once forces the dies against the rivets till
they are pushed through the holes and clinch
ed.
Descending from the upper works of the
bridge, we next took boat for the piers. Of
these there are seven completed on each side;
two are rapidly approaching completion, and
two are just on the point of being begun. It
is expeeted that, unless some unforeseen event
takes place, all the piers but one will be finish
ed during the present year, or at least advanced
to far as to permit of the work proceeding
during tho Winter. At piers No. 10 and 17,
we witnessed all the processes employed, from
the commencement of the dam to the laying
of the masonry. Of coarse the first thing to
bo done is to make a paddled dam round the
place intended for the foundation of the pier,
from the interior of which the water is to be
pumped out, so that the masons may proceed
with the foundations. The making and. main
tenance of the dam is, therefore, tne chief dif
ficulty of the engineer. The piles are driven
into the ordinary bottom of the river; but the
foundation of the stone work is several feet
below, and the consequence is the excavation
required often destroys the foundation of the
dam aud breaches constantly occur—all the
more easily for the great depth and rapidity
of the curreut. In order to lessen as much as
possible tho risks of these casualties, the line
of bottom on which the dam is placed is rend
ered low as possible by working a gravel scoop.
This machine, however, constantly comes in
contact with boulders and stones of various
dimensions, and these have to be raised. For
this purpose a diver is always employed, who
descends upon the rock to be lifted, and holds
the ram by which a hole for the “ lewis ”.is
made. This effected, the impediment is rais
ed by a crane. These stones arc of very dif
ferent geological formations, and have evident
ly traveled very far from their present site, on
the icy embarkations by which they werefirst
lifted from their original (w flat was their
original ?) resting place. We saw one of
twenty tuns which had been brought up from
ns many feet below the surface of the river.
Occasionally the break in the dam exhibits
strange freaks. The water will sometimes
rise up like a fountain in the centre of the
space marked out for the foundation, and it
will require many hours of research to find the
weak spot whence it has entered. The enemy,
however, has to be traced, and, once found,
the ingenuity and patience of the engineer
soon conquers. Speed is a matter of consider
able importance in the construction of works
subject’to so many accidents as piers built
within dams. Hence, the workmen are em
ployed in gangs, night and day, the light be-
in" afforded by a lamp with an immense re
Hector. The stones for the piers have been
supplied from the quarries belonging to the
Grand Trunk Company at Point Claire and
from another quarry on the Richelieu. I he
stone from the latter is brought down by the
St. Lawrence and Champlain Railway. *\ c
have to thank Mr. Hodges, the Chief Superin
tendent of the works for the contractors, and
his able lieutenant, Mr. Atkrnan. for the kind
ness with which they afforded us all the ex
planations noccessary to enable us to under
stand the works which we saw going on.—
They are entitled to congratulations on the
success with which they have begun and pros
ecuted their arduous labors, in a climate and
on a river presenting so many difficulties.—
They expect to finish the entire work with the
end of the year 1859, and they will then have
erected perhaps the most remarkable specimen
of pontine architecture which the world has
yet seen.
From the New York Herald.
Affairs in China—Frnilless IVegoSi
ATIONS—STORMING AND CAPTURE OFTHE
TA-KEI FORTS.
In the excitement caused by the great events
that are taking place amongst ourselves, and
particularly by the establishment of telegraphic
communication between the continents of Eu
rope and America, the important events that
are transpiring in the Flowery Kingdom, and
within a few hours travel of the great impe
rial capital of Pekin, fail to receive that notice
and attention which the magnitude of the sub
ject deserves ; and although we have had very
voluminous and interesting correspondence
from that portion of the world, we were com
pelled to omit its publication and devote our
columns to that in which our readers had a
more immediate interest. The main points of
the news—which were that negotiations had
been broken off and hostilities recommenced—
we of course published several days since.
The Pei-Ho, or White river, is the princi
pal artery by which the capital of China finds
its supplies, and by which the trade in salt and
other produce is maintained.' Some seventy
miles south of Pekin—which stands twelve
miles back from the river—the Pei-IIo de
bouches into the Gulf of Pecheeli, or Yellow
Sea. At this point the hostile fleets of France
and England rendezvoused early in May; and
here, also, lay our oWa magnificent vessels—
the Mississippi, tho Minnesota and Powhatan
—with the chartered steamer Antelope and
the. Russian steamer America. The represen
tatives of the four nations—Lord Elgin, Baron
Gros, Hon. Wm. B. Reed and Count Putiatin
—were with the fleet. They had met there to
press a united demand that they should be re
ceived at the Imperial city, and allowed to
negotiate treaties with or in presence of his
Celestial Majesty iu person, inasmuch as it ap
peared that the former treaties bad never been
communicated to the Emperor, although itAvas
represented that he had approved and ratified
them. The chief points of the proposed treaties
were that nine ports, instead of five, should
be opened to foreign commerce; that foreign
Ministers should be allowed to reside in the
capital, and that foreign residents should be
respected in all their rights of persons and
proporij-
It seems that a high Imperial commissioner
—the Governor of Pecheeli—representing him-*
self as fully authorized to treat with the En
voys, was sent to the mouth of the Pei-Ho, and
had two or three interviews with the Russian
and American Ministers, in which the prelimi
naries of the proposed treaties were discussed.
But although Mr. Reed and Count Putiatin
were disposed to recognise in this commission
er the possesion of plenipotentiary powers,
Lord Elgin and Baron Gros were of a different
mind and held that the object of the conference
on the part of the Chinese was merely to gain
time. They therefore notified our Minister
that they would proceed to bombard the forts
erected at the mouth of the river. The con
ferences were therefore necessarily broken off,
and on the 20th of May the Ta-Kei forts were
capture and destroyed.
The question is, what is next to be done T
The Pei-Ho is navigable only for boats of the
smallest description. Even if the hostile forces
could be transported up the river as high as
Pekin, they would still have to march twelve
miles to the walls of the city. Their land
force is entirely too small to render such a
movement at all practicable ; and yet it seems
that nothing short of the bombardment of Pekin
will bring the obstinate Emperor to his senses.
Tho destruction of the Ta-Kei forts will ratb-
have the effect of embittering his hostility
to foreigners than bringing him to reason.—
The Chinese question is a diffiult one; out,
with the determination of ihe foreign envoys,
aided by the strong force at their disposal, we
may have confidence in its speedy auddefimte
settlement on terms that will open China to
the trade of the world.
cuing of the upper than of the under plates, and
a certain flexture of the tube. Such changes, if
operating on a mass of iron about two miles
long, would be, of course, very difficult to
manage. Thc'ruodo of providing against its
inconveniences, thilrafore, is to divide the
whole length of the roadway into thirteen
tubes,—one over tho large central arch «j3u
feet long, and six on each side of it, each form
ed of two tubes, and each covering two of the
smaller opening* or spans of 221) feet. The
tro tubes thus made into one, therefore, rest
upon three piers; across one and resting by
the two ends on two others. The united tube
is firmly bolted down to the pier, which sup
ports it in the middle : but tlic ends rest upon
rollers, so that when they aro prolonged by
expansion the movemeut takes place without
eny resistance. The ends of the tubes at the
piers where they rest on rollers, are of course,
not in contact. There is a space of about a
foot between them for any play arising from
the cause already described.
The weight of iron in tho tube, over each of
the smaller openings, is 300 tans, and over the
llircrnr nnn OfMI Thus the WClL'bt OI irOH
Shaving a Note.
Old Skinflint was the most celebrated bro
ker in Philadelphia—his “shaving” operations
were famous, as he usually took not only the
beard and whiskers, but “one pound of flesh
in addition.” Young Harry Scarutn was one
of those dashing chaps who love wine and hor
ses, and who form a majority of the borrow
ers. Harry having many wants, on various
occasions borrowed of Skinflint at three per
cent, a month “off,” and having at sundry pe
riods made “raises.” paid off his rcsponsibili-
ties, al loui l* a*+ of such constant
borrowing aud repaying. It wouia-u«.
years before his estate could he sold, under
the terms of his father’s will, who had prudent
ly postponed that event until Harry should
reach the age of “thirtyand Harry conclu
ded it would bo bettor to make a heavy opero
tion at once, and be rid of the botheration of
continued borrowing. Away to Skinflint s he
hied, determined to procure a good round sum,
and so bo done wifh it.
“I want ten thousand for six ye? 1-8 ’”
“Hem! what security will you give 7
“Oh, you may have my bond—that will bind
“HemTwhatdiscount will you give? You
know my rule is always to take discount off
—besides, you owe me ono thousand, due to
day, and I lent you ten in the street the other
dav” •
••I won’t pay what I have been paying; one
and a quarter percent, is enough. You take
it “out,” and take what I owe you besidep.
“Hem ! well, here’s a bond for ten thousand
dollars at six years; sign it, and it will all be
U No sooncr said than done. Hurry affixed
his autograph, and hummed a tune while Skin
flint got his check book and maue a calcula-
U °“Havo you got ten dollars about you P
asked Skinflint in a moment; “if so, let mt
Visivfl it.” •
“All right, old boy,” said Harry, supposing
he wanted to make change, “here it is.
“Hem ! hem!” said Skinflint, locking up his
desk and making preparations “to shoo.
“Stop, old fellow,” said Harry, ttbere
my money?” ,
“Your money! yov’e got it.
“Got it? what do you mean 7
“Why, I was to take “off the discount
wasn’t 1 and the thousand!"
“Yes; I want my money !
“Whv my dear fellow, you’ve got it. len
thousand at?one and s quarter a montbfor «x
years, is nine thousand-a thousand you owed
mo nnid me the ten, its all right, }
huger one 9(il) tuns. Thu6 the weight,
in the bridge will be about 81.000 tuns
The progress made in laying the tubes this
year has been considerable. Four spans are
already covered—two on each side—and from
this time to the end of the wotking season ’
*» expected that two more will bo computed
each loitnight, making twelve before the set-
tin» iL. tlf* i. fT*Un anffSnrr in a' f I!
severe season ce our Canadtau year will of
course retard such a work, but will not entire
ly stop it, and tube laying will be continued
hi spite of frost, and wind, and rain and snow.
Before leaving the tubes we saw a steara-rivet-
,0 S machine which, though it cannot accom
plish all the work in that lino owing to the aif-
ficulty in moving it, fastens a great many
me, and just naid me the ten.
dear boy—a fair business transaction.
The Dentil of a Child.
Mrs. Johnston, of Ballykclbeg, Ireland
the author of a little volume of “Lays for the
Lost One.” in which the following lines occur ?
There used to be asm*U foot climbing on our stairs
There used to be a blithe step running hero and
Th„ mem’W of asweot voice Ungers on mine ear;
Itanooks the lonely silence ever reigning bet *
••Wehad a little plashing in o;w ^rdcnibowe^
V, T e loved a little " mt " !,r ‘ ml P-“ nkl " &•
ardeii How
Then tree, and shrub
friends became,
And welcome were ‘
well know:
and bl issoi
the spring birds coupled with bis
sed to
ed to
speak ;
<1 soft hand patting on my cheek
V two soft Up*—loved to bear them
KsawaaBraassKi
The Catholic Church in the United
STATES.
In connection with the laying of the corner
stone of St. Patrick’s Cathedral, of which a full
report will be found eleswhere, we published
yesterday a very interesting sketch of the rise
and progress of the Catholic Church in this
cjty. No one can read that sketch without a
feeling of wonder and surprise. And yet the
history of the Catholic Church in Next York is
but a counterpart of its history in thb United
States. Fifty years ago there were in the whole
United States one diocese, two bishops, sixty-
eight priests, eighty chnrches, two ecclesias
tical institutions, one college and two female
academies. At that time the entire papulation
of the country was seven millions. Assuming
the present population of the country to be
twenty-eight millions—five millions more than
the censim of 1850 showed—it would follow
that we had quadrupled onr population in the
last half century. Had the progress of the
Catholic Church barely kept paee with the
progress of the population, there should be at
the present day, on the basis of the foregoing
statement, four dioceses, eight bishops, two
hundred and seventy-two priests, three hun
dred and twenty churches, eight ecclesiastical
institutions, four colleges and eight female
academies belonging to that denomination.—
But how do the figures actually stand ? Why,
in this single arch-diocess they fire more than
doubled, as we showed by our Article yester
day. I11 the whole United States, instead of
four diocess (which a proportionate increase
would have given), there are forty-onein
stead of eight bishops, there are thirty-nine,
and two apostolic vicars; instead of two hun
dred and seventy-two priests, there are eigh
teen hundred and seventy-two; instead of
three hundred and twenty churches, there are
two thousand and fifty-three, besides eight
hundred and twenty-nine stations; instead of
eight ecclesiastical institutions, there are thir
ty-five ; instead of four colleges, there are
twenty-nine; and instead of eight female a-
cademies, there are a hundred and thirty-four.
Iu other words, taking the number of priests
aud of churches as a basis of computation, the
Catholic church has increased, within the last
half century, seven times as fast as tho popn-
^l'hese are remarkable facts and statistics, and
may well challenge the astonishment aud con
sideration of all men. To what cause is this
unparalleled growth of the Catholic church in
this country to be attributed. It is in part
found in the immense emigration here from
the Catholie countries of Europe; but still
the Catholic emigration should bear to that of
allothers the proportion of twenty-eight to one,
to make that the only cause—and statistics
will show that no such disproportion exists.
Still, the immense influx of Catholics to our
shores must be set down as the prepondera
ting cause for this wonderful growth of the
Catholic church here.
There are, however, other potent causes that
have operated to the same end. Catholicism
has been the great conservative religion of the
United States. The Catholic church will not
tolerate any innovation—it crushes out all
heresies, and is the foe to everything in the
shape of “isms.” Aboiitionisin and spiritual
ism it utterly discountenances. Its confession
al system enables it to detect and weed out
the first traces of <]oubt or infidelity in the
ininds of its subjects; and hence it is not lia
ble to those defections which break np all other
churches into such infinitessimal parts. Thus
while the Methodist, Baptist, and other church- lI1 «
es, have broken to pieces on the slavery ques
tion. the Catholics havo ctooAclcof and avoid
ed the danger, and hence their church presents
to-day that wonderful growth which we have
described.— IV. Y. Herald.
From the Washington Union, nth inet.
A Model Hotel.
We have already adverted to the fact that
the Messrs. Willard were erecting a large ad
dition to their already extensive hotel; and
from a recent visit to the premises, and an ex
examination of the work as it has progressed,
we are prepared to say, that this will, indeed,
be “ a model hotel,” and one which, if equal
led, will certainly not be surpassed by any
similar establishment in this or any other A-
merican city. The main addition, which ex
tends from the east wing of the old building
on 14th-street back to F-street, is 139 feet in
leauiirt/j -ic — —J*i» ..nA m™.utories high’
The fronts on 14th-strcet and I)-street are to
be surmounted by a massive and banasumo
bracket cornice. This portion of the building
is already carried up, and the workmen are
now engaged in roofing and plastering. 1 no
roofingls to be of Walker’s patent gravel com
position. The lower story, will be an exten
sion of the dining-room, which is now very
large, but, with this addition, will reach the
length of 279 feet, so that 750 persons can
dine together without inconvenience.
Besides this addition the west wing of the
old building will be extended towards I street
by the erection of a rear buiding 7o feet by
40; and in the area between the two wings
there is to be erected an additional building
55 feet long by 16 wide. This will give an
addition of about 320 rooms, making in the
whole hotel over five hundred rooms. As en
larged and extended, the hotel will cover an
area of 49,000 square feet, aud will accommo
date comfortably more than one thousand
guests. It will be fitted up with all the mod
ern improvements, and will be folly equal in
every respect to the first class New York ho
tels; being heated throughout by steam, and
having water introduced into every room.
The buildings aro constructed throughout of
the very best material, and the work wjdone
by the most able and skillful workmen. There
are at the present time no less than one hun
dred and fifty men employed on the building,
and, as might be expected, the work is pro
gressing very rapidly, so that the proprietors
expect to be able to re-open for the accommo
dation of guests on or about tho loth of No
vember. To give some idea of the magnitude
of this enterprise, we will mention that two
millions of brick will be used in this ^tension;
the cost of the enlargement will be about
$175,000, and it will take $100,000 to furnish
the rooms.
| Correspondence of the Poston Post.]
A Fugitive Slave Case.
New York State, August, 1858.
Dear Post:—Let us tell you about the fug
itive slave case, the one before which the Bos
ton one pales its ineffectual fires.
There is a town in the interior of the State,
the name of which town tortures couldn’t drag
from me, but the first two letters of its nick
name are the Saline City. Now, the inhabi
tants of this city have a great and abiding
horror of the fugitive slave law. They have a
fugitive slave beli, to be rung upon dire emer
gency ; they have a fugitive slave vigilance
committee, and are cocked and primed gener
ally for United States Marshals.
Now, some wicked man, name unknown^
once i telegraphed from H“ ff ^tleman in that
catchersjiadseized^their victim would be
in the Saline City by the 12,50 train.
Immediately the fugitive slave bell was rung;
its effect was marvellous. It reminded oue of
Mrs. Heman’s “Bended Bow," or Roderick
Dhu’s Fiery Cross.
Every colored person who heard it, dropped
whatever he was doing and hastened to the
Barber’s apprentices left astonished
Irou Mountain.
From the St. Louis Republican.
The Iron Mountain of Missouri is probably
one of the greatest natural curiosities on the
surface of our globe. Think of a. mammillary
formed mound or mountain of iron three miles
in circntnference, rising in the form of a pyra
mid, three hundred feet high above the sur
rounding valleys—a great mass of the richest
specular iron known, wedged in between a
country formed of magnesian limestone on the
one side, and porphyritic granite on the other.
Where did this great mountain of iron come
from ? was it formed in the iron age of our
globe 7 and when did the iron age have its
commencement and end? Let us take the
lights that the science of the rocks lias reveal
ed, and go back with the geologists in the ear
ly ages of the Iron Mountain region, Geolo-
gists say that the rock on the west side of the
mountain belongs to the lower silurian lime
stone era. The boring of Belcher’s Artesian
Well, tells us that this same bed of rock which
forms the surface of tho country on the west
side of the mountain, is in the well 2,000 feet
below the bed of the Mississippi River, a dip of
2,800 feet from the mountain to St. Louis.
Geologists say that this dip was necessary to
form the great basins which contain coal. in
the central part of Illinois. On the east side
of tho mountain a granite country is found. Is
this granite older or newer than limestone .
and is^the mouutaiu of the same age as the
granite ? These are questions that present
themselves in the study of tbi3 great Iron
Center. The Iron Mountain is the period or
terminus of what is known as the Ozark Moun
tains, a range of granite ridges and table
lands that reach through'Missouri, Arkansas
and the Indian country to the Rocky Moun
tains. Oue fact may be kept in view in the
study of the age of the Iron Mountain. It is
found that all the developments in the vegeta
ble ormiueral kingdoms on our globe have been
corresponding to the wants of auirna) organ
isms that existed at the same era. In the time
of the mastodon and huge saurion dynasties,
the vegetation was of a corresponding gigantic
growth, the atmosphere was also suited to that
class of animal life. Reasoning from this an
alogy, we might conclude that the Irou Moun
tain o'u-i form ad at. n or,*, r **•■*■ ■■ “Is-
ological epoch, as it was evidently formed to
supply with iron the wants of the present race
of man, and there was no necessity for its ex
istence uutil mail was in a position to use it.
Let us go back to the age of our globe when
commenced the era of the silurian system of
rocks. The district where now stands thelron
Mountains was at that period a tebular mass of
stratified rocks in the bed of an ancient ocean.
No valley, ridge or mountain had yet come in
to existence. The beautiful system of physi
cal geography, the abrasion ot valleys in the
solid rock,the fountains from which now break
out a thousand springs in the iron-district, were
yet in embryo. But this tabular mass ol rock
in the bed of this ocean is not always to remain
in repose. The elevating and abrading forces,
the great working-laws of nature are to act.
This region of country is placed under their
influence—and silently and quietly, stratified
rocks are raised, ridges come to-day above the
surface of this ocean. Meteoric forces, con
nected with the sun and every planet m our
solar system arc in action—we might sav tnat
electricity and its active partner, magnetism
are prime agents—age after age xollo round.
The Prevouian aytformo<l. X tie
wonderful era of the formation of the coal bear
rocks and the growth of the vegetation en
tombed in our coal fieldsbas its commencement
and end, following this comes the. tertiary era
with the mastodons and huge saurian monsters
after them the aborignees and then the pres
ent race of man. Let us look again. The hori
zontal table of rock of the silurian era in the
bed of that ancient ocean is now the Iron Moun-
tain region modeled by the great working laws
of Nature to one of the most interesting mine
ral centers on the surface of our globe. The
task of the geologist for coming ages will be
to trace out by observation the changes through
which this country has passed, and map out
and mark down in each era spoken of, the Iron
Mountain from the silurian era down to the
present time.
C3rIE3 O <3-1 -A-
Mastic Roofing
Company?
Drugs, Medicines,
Paints,
VROrRIETORS OF
©yes,
Patent Medicines,
RUSSELL’S PATENT
Fire &c> Water Froof v
MASTIC ROOnm
03ST CANVAS.
HAVING purchased the right to use and sell tho
Perfumery,
Spices,
Brandy aud Wines,
'or Medical purposes, and all articles in the line,
can be found strictly pure at the Drug Store of
ZEIL1N, HUNT & Co.
Opposite tiie Telegraph Building, Macon, Ga.
jnao 22
above ROOFING for several SOUTHERN
STATES, we are now prepared to do
ROOFING or SELL RIGHTS
to use the same.
This roofing is adapted to new or old BUILDINGS,
steep or flat roofs and can be put over Plank or
old leaky shingles,Tin or Iron Roofs ;it costs
about half the price and is much better
than Tin—is not affected by heat or
cold and is impervious to wa
ter ; it ia fire proof, and it
is tho best roofing ev
er invented for
STEAMBOAT DECKS,
Et<oac3L 0£M*ss,
Bridges, &c.
Ac. It is warranted to give entire satisfaction. For
further information apply to
FREEMAN A ROBERTS, or
A. P. CHERRY
Macon, Ga.
3L B XC3-:O^I?S
LIGHT!! LIGHT!!
SPIRIT GAS I
Burning Fluici
A ND CAMPH1NR. For sale by .
may 18 ZEILIN, HUNT k CO.
ANEW ©RUG ST«Bf.
ALEX. A. MENARD;
RALSTON’S BBILDiNG, CHERRY ST., MACON, GA
' 1JAS just received and is now opening a fresh
stock of _ ,
Drnss, itjciliclnca,
Chemicals, gg&i fastrnmcnls,
Paints, Oils, W Dye-Stuffs,
Pcrfuntery, Patent medi
cines, Pharmaceutical
Preparations, Ac.
My Drugs have been selected with strict refer
ence to their purity aud quality; they are fresh and
may be fully relied on.
'gf Orders Pniihftaliy Executed.
Cfr Physicians’ Prescriptions and Family Medi
cines put up with neatness and accuracy, at all hours
of the day or night. _ *
CP" A large lot of Artificial Teeth just received
fdh 24-tf
janl9tf
25.000 3 bush. ICentucUy Blue Glass,
7 A. A. MENARD, Druggist,
fob‘24- tf Cherry Street.
Important to Planters!
THE
INGERSOLL HOOP
lock.,
BOER HAVE’S
HOLLAND BITTERS.
THE CELEBRATED HOLLAND REMEDY
A First-Bate Whitewash
Wc have tried various preparations for
white-washing ceilings, and the walls of unpa-
pered rooms, but have never found anything
that was entirely satisfactory until the present
Spring. We have now something that aflords
uotTio ruTibecl off.
We procured at a paint store, a dollar's worth
of first quality “Paris White.”—33 lbs., at
three cents per lb.—and for this quantity, one
pound of white glue, of the best quality, usu
ally called Cooper’s glue, because it was man
ufactured by Peter Cooper, of New-Y ork. Re
tail price 50 cents per pound. For one day s
work 1-2 lb. of the glue was put in a tm ves
sel, aud covered with cold water over night. In
tho morning this was carefully heated until
and irate old gentlemen half shaved, boot ^““ so j ye j < when it was added to 16 lbs. of the
blacks left incensed exquisites with but one white, nreviouslv stirred in a moder-
polished boot, waiters caused late breakfasters
to go hungry, and in tho twinkling of an eye
tho square was filled with a dense mass of
“thick darkness that could be felt.”
The crowd were told of the cause of their be
ing called together, and were admonished to
be at the depot when the 12.15 train came ia.
When tho 12 20 train came, the depot ^re-
seated a strange spectacle. Not a white face
was to be seen. An Englishman, who was on
board the train, made a note in his pocket book
that a city in central New York was entirely
populated by negros. They cast such a gloom
over every thing that the lamps had to be ligh
ted at midday. ■ , . ,
The moment tho cars stopped, the leaders
of the blackguards jumped on board and rush
ed through in search of the poor captive. In
the last ear they found an unfortunate African
whom they immediately laid hands upon and
bore off in triumph.
He. finding himself seized bodily bv a doz-
i excited inch, was scared almost white and
Tiie Atlantic Cable Company.
The list of American stockholders in the
Atlantic Telegraph Company is “
Cyrus W. Field, Peter Cooper, David D.
Field, August Belmont, John C. Green, \\ u-
son G. Hunt, Jacob Little, A. M. Lawrence,
man & Co.. Messrs. Schuard & Gephard,
Messrs. Phelps. Dodge, & Co., Mrs. E. H -
Perkins, all of New Y ork city; E. B-Stevens,
esq., of Saratoga Springs, New York. and
Win. Dow, esq., ot Montreal, Canada. Cyrus
W. Field owns two hundred and fifty thousand
dollars of the stock.
howled merrily. His cries were taken as
manifestations of fear lest he should be recap-,
tured, and consolations were heaped upon him.
“Don’t be afeerd, child ! Dey «hant neb-
ber git you again. Now, honey, you’s all
right! Don’t be scared at dem white trash any
U And he was borne in triumph through the
crowd and hurried into a coach, which was
waiting outside. By this time he was petrified
and speechless, saying his prayer* inwardly,
and making hurried preparation* <o die a vio-
nninttes at Athens, for the establishuv
?5r0fck merchant, named Bernardaki. sometime^a^
adoptea wili be entitled, if he deMres super
and making
lent death. .... .
His liberators, swelling with just pride, sat
surveying him with the pleasing consciousness
of having done a good action; but the coach
had not gone many yards before one of them
began to rub his eyes and look savage. 1 hen lie
broke out— ,
“Look here! Isn’t disSam Jobnsmg, who
libs up in Salt alley and mends boots dare ?”
“Yes, sail!" faltered Sam, who had been
born in this city. t, . .
“Den what do you mean by tooling us in u n>
way, eh ? Get out of hear immediate, and take
that wid you.” .
That was the assistance of a No. 14 square-
teed pegged boot, which sent Mr.. Jonsing out
.1! . living—and ended the Great
.k;»« dolor, ond which can-
Paris White, previously stirred
ate quantity of hot water. Enough water was
then added to give the whole a proper milky
consistency, when it was applied,^witli a brush,
in the ordinary manner. Our <33 lbs. of Par
is White and 1 lb. of glue, sufficed for two
ceilings, and the walls and ceilings of seven
other smaller rooms. ... -
A single coat is equal to a double coat ot
lime-wash, while the white is far more lively
or brilliant than lime. Indeed the color is
nearly equal to that of “Zinc White,V which
costs at least four times as much. We are
satisfied, by repeated trials, that no whitewash
can be made to adhere firmly without glue or
some kind of sizing, and this will invariably be
colored, iu time, with the caustic lime. Ihe
Pari3 White, on the contrary, is simply pure
washed chalk, and is entirely inert, producing
no caustic effect on the sizing. Any of our
readers who try this, and are as well pleased
with it as we are, will consider the information
worth many times the cost of an entire volume
of the Agriculturist. Had we known of it
when wc first “set up house-keeping it would
have saved us much labor, and-the annoyance
of garments often soiled by contact with white
wash—not to mention the saving of candles
secured by having the ceiling always white
enough to reflect instead of absorbing the rays
of light.—American Agriculturist
‘Sot Lovengood.”—We learn that Sut
Miller, the hero of the Lotengood papers, died
suddenly in the neighborhood of Ducktown, a
week or two since. PoorSnt! After having
innumerable encounters and conflicts with man
and beast—been shot several times, and con
sumed “big head” enough to run an over-shot
mill for forty days and nights, he died ignobly
at last from a blow inflicted with the fist of «
fellow man.—Athens (Tenn.) Banner.
A gentleman stepped into a store where none but
“mourning goods” wero sold, and inquired for slate
colored cloves. The polite clerk informed him that
only black goods were sold in that room; for slate
colored gloves he must step into the mitigated afflic
tion department!
V n-i--enger out in one ot the late steamers, sayf
.'he Frenchman’s story seems to me expresuv
One morning, the cabin boy came for his noo
•Boots,’ l'eeblv sounded from the berth, T.b,sare,yi
make take zem—1 shall want zem nary more.
of the coach flying
Fugitive Slave Case.
A lady while singing a song was told that there was
another of the same name, when she remaned 1
know it, but I don’t know it.
The manner in which John Calvin was dispose 1
of by the eecelesiastical authorities of his time was
l-ss disgraceful than summary, according to the
L^fte^^ln he suppressed and.tnstead
of it, put studiosus quidam.” -
Mg. 2
-AND-
IRON COTTON TIE.
dysfefsia,
Disease of the Kidneys,
.IVER COMPLAINT,
WEAKNESS OF ANY KIND,
FE1TER s&ND AG-UIS,
And the various affections consequent upon a dis
ordered
STOMACH OB LIYEB,
rtUCH ns Indigestion, Acidity of the Stomach,
Q Colicky Pains, Heartburn, Loss of Appetite,
Despondency, Uostiveness, Blind and Bleeding Piles.
In all Nervous, Rheumatic, and Neuralgic Affec
tions, it has iu numerous instances proved highly
beneficial, aud in others effected a decided cure.
This is a purely vegetable compound, prepared on
strictly scientific principles, after the manner of the
celebrated Holland Professor, Boerhave. Because
of its great success in most of the European States,
its introduction into the United States was intended
more especially for those of our fatherland scattered
TN all the heaviest Cotton regions of the groat
I South West, the INGERSOLL HOOP LOCK,
with the common Hoop Iroa Baud, has superse
ded every other method of securing the Cotton Bale.
Time aud space would fail us to give the numerous
certificates of Cotton Plauters, Brokers, Warehouse
men. Insurers, Compressors and Shippers, showing
beyond a doubt, that the days of Rone binding are
numbered, and the immense advantages of the
Hoop Lock and Iron Tic. I heir eeom my
wherever tried, haa been conceded in these points:
1. They save tivcnlj to thirty dollar* c«]
in baling material on every one hundred
B *5rha fastening is much more expeditiously ap
plied. and much more convenient for the
1 3. It is a perfect safeguard against loss of Cotton
from the bale.
Itixnu almost absolute security against
Fire. Fire applied to bales thus bound, asshown
by actual experiment, trill smoulder without
twenty hour* tciHau/ spreading, and allowing plenty
of time for easy extinguishment.
5 It in an absolutely secure fastening,
actual experiments made in Montgomery, bales thus
bound, were pitched down forty teet perpendi. ular
from a house-top, upon a brick pavement, without
Pe e. C It > is b perfect C ly simple.and requires no machinery
at all in the application. Any common hoopnronof
a er width and thickness, (which isaboutjinch
and a scant sixteenth of one inch thick,) and
of any requisite length to suit the bale, is taken
in the hand, one end passed through the opening,
from the under side, of one end of the under part
of the lock to tho length of about one inch.andthen
bent over the end of the lock. The other eod ol to
hoop is then passed round the bale anddrawn througb
a loop or opening iu the opposite -end.of^the lock,
and ttien bent in the same manner as the other. 1m
button is then turned back to its pJace <»ver them,
and the hoop is fast on the bale, and the bale may be
moved if desired.
uaaa ti...i, r».p«—thereby rendering it easier to linn
die, and cheapening freight.
These facts and advantages are certified toby
leading Warehouse men, planters. Shippers and Bro
kers in testimonials too numerous to be cited or spec
ified in this advertisement. In Montgomery. th«
leading Brokers and Buyers, after the most satisfac-
tory experience and tests, unite in tho following a-
greemeilt, which will leave no doubt on these points
We, the undersigned. Cotton Brokers and Buyers,
of Montgomery, Ala., agree and give notice that wo
will pay full prices for Iron Bound Cotton, if fasten
ed with tho JiYGERSOLL HOOP LOC.K, al
though wo are aware that it will weigh H lbs. more
per bale than Bope-ried Cotton.
C. C. FOSTER,
J. S. BYINGTON.
M. A. CHISHOLM.
From Savannah, we copy the following engage
ment made with the Compress Establishment of
Lamar :
lieVe’ani thero'over the face of this mighty country.
Meeting? with erreat success among them, I n
Savannah, July 22d, 1858,
Messrs. Freeman A Roberts, Macon, Ga-
Gents —I have agreed with Mr. Beattie, Agent for
Ingersoll’s Hoop Lock, that I will compress Iron
bound Cotton, fastened with said Lock, upon the
same terms as Rope tied Cotton. This arrangement
to last for ono season and longer, unless I give noace
of my wish to discontinue the arrangement.
Respectfully, Ac.,
C. A. L. LAMAR.
Tiie Georgia Irou Edcli Coinpauyj
comprising the undersigned, respectfully invite the
attention of all engaged m Cotton growmg, or the
Cotton trade, to this interesting and important sub
iect. To the Cotton planters, particularly, they be
lieve they are presenting a matter of peeuhar mter
est and value, and either of thorn will be glad to fur
nish any further information, or particular applica
tion may be made to the Secretary.
I F WINTER. I T. A. HARRIS,
DUNLAP A HARRIS, | FREEMAN A ROBERTS
T. A. HARRIS, Secretary,
Macon, Aug. 3,1858.
EVANS, HARRISS & CO.
factors & Commission Merchants
BAY STREET, SAVANNAH, GA.,
R ENEW the tender of their services to the FI -
Wm. E. Evans,
Hobt. Y. Harriss,
aug 3—6m*
advances made when desired
Wm. M. D’A'tignac,
Geo W. Evans, I
Savannah. July 20.^
THOS WOODWARD
Sale and Livery Stable
Oils,
Varnishes,
JUST BECEIVED.
Papers Garden Seed*.
Meeting with great success among t
it to the American public, knowing that its truly
wonderful medicinal virtues must be acknowledged.
It is particularly recommended to those persons
whose constitutions may have been impaired by the
WUU56 uuuoiuuuwiiu a e C
continuous use of ardent spirits, or other *b rn ^ 8 9:
Hi.cinotion- 6'enerally instantaneous in effect, it
dissipation. Generally instantaneous in ran*,
finds its way directly to the seat of life, thrilling and
quickening every nerve, raising up the drooping
spirit, and!in fact, infusing new health and vigor in
^^^“.Lwhoever expects to And this a beverage
will be disappointed; but to the aick, weak and low
spirited, It will prove a grateful aromatio cordial,
possessed of singular remedial properties.
CAUTION:
The great popularity of this delightful Aroma has
duced many imitations, which the public should
Be not persuaded to buy
e given Boerhave’s Hol-
induced many
guard against purchasing,
anything else until you have given
land Bitters a fair trial. One bottle will convince
you how infinitely superior it is to all these imita-
* Sold at $1 per bottle, or six bottles for $5, by
the sole proprietors,
BENJAMIN PAGE, JB„ & CO.,
Manufacturing Pharmaceutists and Chemists, Pitts •
jgp’ikdd m Macon by E. L. vSt?
CofzElLIN, HUNT A CO., GEORGE PAYNE,
and Druggists generally, throughout the btato.
may 18
DELIGHT F UL
TO THE EYE
And'accessible to the Parses of the
S^illioiA I
NEW STOCK OF
SI’Kllli ASD SITOR GOODS.
JUST RECEIVED,
Silk, Berage, Gingham, Cambric
- ' and Margravine
i^-
Printed Jaconet, Swis9 and Organdie
MUSLINS, of every grad i;
Bordered Prints, Expan
sion Skirts, French
Lace and Chan
tilly Lace
IVI antillaa.
Domestic Goods of every description.
Head Dresses, Gloves, Hosiery, Cor
sets and Articles for the Toilet. All
of which being purchased late in the
season, can he offered at a great reduc
tion on former PRICES.
may 25
MORE LIGHT!
J UST RECEIVED, a lot of tho best and latest im
provement in FLUID GAS LAMPS, decidedly
the best light yet invented. Call and see them, as
they arejuily to be seen f > ^ e |P^* t ^ NGg>
j une is Next to Mrs. Dessan’a.
$100 Reward.
T wenty dollars kHward wui be paid
to any one who will apprehend and confine in
any safe Jail in the State, that I may get lnm. my
bov. JOHN, who ranaway from mo thft 23d of De-
* * He has a bright yellow complexion,
REMOVAL*
E. WINSHIP
tnW where he will be prepared to exhibit one of
the largest and most-fashionable Stocks of Clothing
ever offered in Macon,
sept 17th~
H ayden a woodward are now
prepared to furnish their friends and
the public generally, with good safe EorsesJ
and new as well as tasty Buggies, Carriage:
.
complete order at the shortest notice.
They are determined to give satisfaction, it strict
personal attention to business and reasonable Cash
Fricca will enable them to do so.
Horses fed and kept by tho day, week or
month. Drove Stock also accommodated at rea-
sonable prices. Mulberry aStreet, next to Lottery
Office, Macon, Ga. 1
MANTILLAS! MANTILLAS!
tx VERY style of the above article, at prices to suit
U purchasers. ^COLEMAN * ROSS
cember last. He haa a bright yellow complexion,
(not a mulatto,) is about 5 feet 11 inches high, about M
35 years old—rather slender in form. He is suppo
sed to be loitering in the neighborhood of the planta
tion of the late O. W. Raines, in Houston county.—
EIGHTY DOLLARS in addition will be paid tie-
evidence sufficient to convict any one ot tho offence
of harboring him. _ . •
Address me at New Agency, T.^;lor county, S
SAM’L P. LOK.B1A,
Ga.
aug 3—tf
LEGAL FORMS.
new Edition of
I »by till
Any one wishing *. - ..
i* piielosing the subscriber tli
H I IV E fc’
for sftlo by th
FORMS,”
copy or qu-i
py by mail can have
it sent
i„- nncloiintr tiie suoscii--* ..... price of the Book,
b> enc_ . „ Fifty Cents,) and civ-three cent
’ M. BOAKDMAN.
postage stamps*
july 20
may 4
PRINTING INKS.
A SMALL LOT OF BLACK AND COLORED
PRINTING 1NK*(, from trie celebiateJ
manufactory of the MATHERS, is on consignment
in the Telegraph Office,aud will be solo low forCash.
ap!27
a year.