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GREAT SALT LAKE.
CAVALRY MARCHES.
The United States Soldiers Su
perior to Any Other.
Wonderful Feats of Marching
Sometimes Accomplished.
Owing to the peculiar n&turo of the
service demanded of the cavalry force
of our army—service for the greater
part in a new and unsettled country,
and against the most wily and export of
•avago enemies—the experience gained
in the moving of mounted troops has
been of such a varied nature that proba
bly no other army can boast of supe
riority over our troopers in this respect,
and the proper conduct of the marches
of cavalry commands requires experience
and judgment, intelligence, activity,
and endurance of a peculiar nature on
the part of both officers nnd men. Or
dinary marches are generally made at
the rate of about tweaty to twenty-
five miles a day, this being accom
plished in from five to six hours, al
though there are times when the day’s
journey may bo shorter or longer, owing
to the distance from one another of de
sirable cam ping-places, the importance
of good grazing and sweet water being
evident. The start from the previous
sight’s camp ii usually made between 6
and 7 o’clock, although in some of the
hotter parts of the country an earlier
time of day is considered advisable by
many cavalrymen, and the first halt is
made after the column had been an hoar
or so on the road. Thii is geneially
the longest halt of the day, when sad
dles are adjusted, and the horses al
lowed to graze and rest for a few mo
ments. Once every hour after that a
•hort pause of about five minutes, the
men invariably dismounting, is made.
The gait is, as far* as the writer's ex
perience goes, habitaally a rapid walk,
although General Merritt recommends a
trot for 10 or 15 minutes after each halt,
when practicable, which appears to be
the custom in most of the European ser
vices. In a country where the near
presence of an enemy is known or sus
pected, marches are conducted with
great caution, and every precaution tak
en by careful soldiers to guard against
surprise. Advance guards and flankers
are thrown out in the front and on the
sides of the column, and every ravine,
coulee, or canon, every rock and bush,
or group of trees large enough to con
ceal a lurking foe, is carefully exam
ined. It is while making a forced
march, when perhaps the safety of some
little community of settlers or detach
ment of comrades, cut off and s ur-
rounded by savage foes, depends upon
the speedy arrival of tho relieving col
umn, that the training, tha pluck, the
perseveranca and endurance of the
American cavalry are shown to the great
est advantage.
In the rapidity with which such
marches have been made, the distances
that have been traversed, the rough and
inhospitable counter—often swarming
■with savage foes—over which the jour
neys have been accomplished, it has
proved itself the equal, if not the supe
rior, to any troops of the kind in tho
civilized world. A column of the Fifth
Cavalry, under the command of Gen
eral Wesly Merritt, marching co the re
lief of Thornburgh's brave fellows in
the Ute campaign of 1879, made one
hundred and seventy mile3 from 11
a. m. October 2d to 5.30 a. m. on
October 5 th, without losing or disabling
a horse, and was in good fighting trim
on its arrival at its objective point.
Among many instances of the kind that
have come under the knowledge of the
writer, the following cases of hard and
long marches by individuals may be
qucteltoshow the sterling qualities
often exhibited by our troopers.
In 1870 the present commander of
the troop of cavalry attached to the
brigade of the national guard ia New
York city—at that time a lieutenant in
the First United States Cavalry—rode
with despatches over a rough broken
country one hundred and forty miles in
twenty-two hours, including halts for
rest and refreshment. He was accom
panied by a sergeant and one man of
his own troop. After resting one day,
the journey back to his post was made
in a little over two days, the marches
being from fifty-fivo to sixty miles a
day. This feat was accomplished with
out any preparation whatever, tho offi
cer and his men being ordered out with
out any warning. Ten years afterward,
Lieutenant Robertson of the same regi
ment, with Sergeants Lynch and Price,
rode one hundred and two miles in pur
suit of a deserter, through snow an4
ice, between 10 o’clock one night and
9. 30 the next. On tho next day they
started on their return journey from
Fort Walla Walla, Washington Terri
tory, to Fort Lapway, Idaho, which
was reached in two days.—Harper's
WeeUy.
Growing Old Through Worry.
No doubt much is gained on the score
of longevity from inheritance. Ances
tors who have attained long life for
many generations hand down tho gift
to their successors. But while this may
bo the greatest fortune which an ances
tor can leave, it may bo dissipated like
any other inheritance. No one can
count upon life long without a reasona
ble conformity to the laws of health.
There are a fow prodigies that survive
who have never observed any laws. For
one dissipated person who roaches ex
treme old age, there are a thousand who
die in the prime of their years. Physi
ologists have argued, with a great deal
of force, that the duration of human life
should bo a hundred years. Bnt it is
far short of it. So few round up the
century that every instance attracts spe
cial attention. The dream of perpetual
you'.h is constantly repeated. Dr.
Holmes at eighty is as frisky ns akitten.
He learned the art of carrying burdens
lightly. Most people do not wear out.
They worry themselves out of life.
They aro always old because they have
carried so much dead weight. No doubt
the cultivation of a youthful feeling is
one of tho arts of prolonging life.
When people, through the indulgence
of a morbid feeling, get the impression
that they are too old for this world, it
is a pretty sure indication that they are
loosing their grip. The grace and
beauty of age is to keep in touch with
the world, to know how its pulse beats
from day to day, and to be alive to all
human interests and sympathies. Age
in such a life never wholly crowds out
the buoyancy of youth. The spring
and elasticity survive. In most instan
ces the long life has been a good life.
The world has been better that the in
dividual has lived in it. He has been
looking more for the good than the evil
things of the world. Grace and beauty
have come to him with the fulness
of years.
One-Legged Congressmen.
Senator Berry lost his leg at Corinth;
Senator Butler, of South Carolina, lost
his at Brandy Station, and over in the
House there are three one-legged men,
or were during the last Congress. Rep
resentative Henderson, of Iowa, is one
of them, though you’d never suspect it
to see him moving about. Ho is as
spry as a boy with his cork leg. Con
gressmen Brown and Boothman, of
Ohio, used to say they w r ero in hard
luck because each had lost a left leg.
If one had lost a right they could make
one pair of shoes do for both. Senator
Hampton had hard luck, too. He
fought like a tiger on the Confederate
side and came out without a scratch,
only to be thrown from a mule a few
years after the war and have a leg so
badly hurt that it had to be amputated.
The only one-armed men in the last
C o gross, I believe, were General
Hooker, of Mississippi, and Congress
man Oates, of Alabama. They were
both mighty brave men in battle, but
I’ve heard they never shook hands but
Ancc, refusing to do so again because it
is the hoodoo or left-handed shake.
Rather Mixed.
In an English country church the
curate had to give out two notices, the
first of which was about baptisms and
the latter had to do with a new hymn
book. Owing to an accident ho in
verted the order and gave out as fol
lows:
“I am requested to announce that the
new hymn book will bo used for the
first time in this church on Sunday next,
and I am also requested to call attention
to the delay which often takes place in
bringing children to bo baptized; they
should bo brought on the earliest day
possible. This is particularly pressed
on mothers who have young babies.'’
“Aud for the information of those
who have none,” added the rector in
gentle, kihdly tones, and who being
deaf had not heard what had been pre
viously said— “and for the informa
tion of thoso who have none, I may
state if wished they can be obtained on
application in tho vestry immediately
after service to-day. Limp one3, one
shilling each; with stiff backs, two
shillings.”
Wonders of the Big Inland Sea
in Utah.
A Bathing Place Where You
Cannot Sink,
A correspondent of the Now York
Times, describing a visit to Great Salt
Lake in Utah, says:
When the lake comes in sight it is at
the right, stretching away as inimitably
as cither of the great oceans that it lies
between. But tho Atlantic never looks
as tho Great Salt Lake did on this
afternoon. It was a vast expanse of
pale turquois, broken into patches of
white here and there where the waves
combed over in foam. The train drops
you alongside the handsome station and
pavilion, with bathing houses to the
right and left, put up at the only sand
beach on the lake by tho Union Pacific
Railroad, which runs the entire estab
lishment. The pavilion is at a good
distance from the shore, built over the
lake, and the usual shore band begins
to play as the excursionists flock upon
the platform or rush for the dressing
rooms. Almost everybody bathes.
When the stranger goes upon the pier
he is apt to considor the bath with
some misgivings, for the aroma from
the beach is unpleasantly suggestive of
a very rank pickle barrel. Once be
yond the shore line, however, and the
breeze that comes off the water is sweet
and reassuring. It lacks the fragrance
of the ocean, and there is absolutely
none of the exquisite ocean smell that
is only found with marine vegetation.
Look out over the lake from Black
Rock, that stands boldly forth half a
mile to the cost, and sweep the horizon
clear round to the southwest. You see
nothing but water, brilliantly blue until
it flashes like gold under the sun. There
is a haze hanging about the horizon,
thick enough to shut out Antelope and
Stansbury Islands that lie off to the east
and west. The water seems to rise up
in the distance like the edge of a sau-
oer. The view of tho ocean from the
shores of Mount Desert is not more ex
tensive. Garfield Beach recalls Bar
Harbor in one respect. The Oquirvh
Mountains rise almost from the lake
shore to a height greater than that of
Green Mountains. But the Oquirrhs are
bolder and moro destitute of timber.
When the grass has grown upon their
sloping sides, or in the strongly indent
ed gulches, it is dry and brown, and
there are many tufts of sage brush, with
occasional dark cedars, rooted in niches
that give them but a precarious hold
and tho minimum of nutrition. These
mountains rise so abruptly as to furnish
a broad background for the group of
buildings on the shore.
You get a bathing suit of heavy kuit
wool, just like that issued to the China
man who stood in line ahead of you. It
is very thick and has a startling ten
dency to sag down that is increased
with wetting. When you hnvo tied
youtsclf up in it and joined the throng
that wades out through the coarse sand
to deep water you notice that the waves
do not come in with the high, proud
arch of those at Long Branch, Nor do
they break with the roar of the ocean
waves. They come in with a long, low
sweep and curl over in foam with a
strong hiss. One could hardly expect
anything elso. This pond is of salt, pretty
thoroughly saturated, and that is about
all. It is four times as salt as the ocean.
The Dead Sea is not much saltor. You
find it out to your discomfort if you ne
glect to read and follow the instructions
posted upon the platform and in the
bathing houses to avoid swallowing or
getting the water in your eyes. You
wet your head in the dressing room and
then you make an effort to keep your
head out of the water.
The lake is low now. This is ac
counted for, as is tho scarcity of water
everywhere about tho mountains, by
the fact that the snows of last Winter
were very light. It is necessary to go
out two hundred feet to get beyond
your depth. Then you are beyond the
low breakers, and only have to look out
that the whitecaps do not dash in your
eyes. There is no undertow. As soon
as you have reached a point where you
can no longer hold on to the bottom
with your feet, your feet will come up
and you will find yourself involuntarily
in the attitude of observing your toes
as they stick out of the water. Try to
turn over, and you have only lifted your
arm to make an effort when you pop
over like a lop-sided cork. If you keep
one ana down and lift the other, over
you go; and you find that by repeating
the process you can get up a speed of
about forty revolutions a minute. Make
the usual motions to swim and your feet
will kick in the air. Your best efforts
will be wasted in attempting to keep
thorn in tho water, whether you are
back down or up. If you get a little
water in your mouth you do not need
to be told why there aro patches of
glistening white along the shore, whero
the sun has been. It is not a good
place for swimming. The best use you
can make of tho opportunity is to try
the capacity of the densely salt water
for flotation. When you have spent
half an hour in tho warm waves, and
have trken the fresh-water shower pro
vided in each dressing room, and a
brisk rub, you are ready to admit that
thcro are worse things to take in this
world than a bath in tho Great Salt
Lake.
There aro largo birds swooping over
head in long, gracoful curves and slides.
Occasionally they light upon the ground,
and the children fee 1 them with bit3 of
cake. They are not domestic fowls,
either, but young sea gulls, quite as
tame as the most domestic of pigeons.
The men who have been at the lake
shore year after year say that tho old sea
gulls come in the Spring and raise their
young and then fly away. Next year
the young of this Summer follow the
same programme. The lake is without
fish, and the gulls get nothing from it
but flies that skim the waters. They
find this rather a poor supply of food,
and the entire brood of young depend
in part upon the charity of excursionists
for a living. When the last afternoon
train leaves the lake these young gulls,
to the number of fifteen or twenty at a
time, sit in a row on tho ridge of the
lunch pavilion, and watch its departure
with melancholy wistfulness.
Spanish Women.
The Spanish eye, largo, humid, ten
der, grand, languishing, furnished with
lashes so long, so curling and so boauti-
ful that the pencil of the artists falls to
despair; the black pupil, the white sea,
in which the lustrious orb sails—all is
indescribable! Spanish women when
they are coquettish and laughing have
a sad expression.
Next to the beauty of tho hair and
eyes comes the beauty of tho flashing
teeth. These are so universally perfect
that tho student of dentistry should go
to Spain to find out how they manage
it. There is very little good eating in
Spain. Perhaps these faultless teeth
are not spoiled by cakes and pastry and
sweets in childhood. But the careless
traveler expocts to be rewarded when
the Spanish woman smiles with a row of
pearls, and he Is almost never disap
pointed.
Alas! here comes in the one note of
disappointment. Just above the teeth
is a little mustache, sometimes a very
big mustache. Nature, in being so
generous of her gift of hair, in a mo
ment of forgetfulness added one dash
of her brush too many on some of thes®
beautiful faces. It is not universal, it
is not inevitable, but it is common.
The Portuguese women accept the mus
tache and cultivate it, as young men do,
curling the ends. On a very delicate
face the little feminine mustache is not
•always disagreeable, but to one who
has passed the blossoming hour this
heavy, dark, masculine belonging be
comes an almost offensive feature, te
foreign eyes at least. But it is said te
be agreeable to native eyes.
An Impressive Sight on a Man-of-War.
I happened to be on board a United
States man-of-war at sundown daring
the call for colors. When tho bngle
sounded the first call the band gathered
at the stern of the vessel on deck, and
at the second call the officers stoodjwith
their caps off facing the flag as it flut
tered down into the hands of the sailor
who manned the halyards, while the
band played “Hail Columbia.” The
gathering shades of evening, the mar
tial surroundings, the attitudes of re
spect and the stirring strains of the mu
sic combined to make it a beautiful and
impressive sight.—New York Star.
The Age for Consumption.
Consumption is rare in childhood, but
increases rapidly after the age of 15,
and is most common betwoen the ages
of 25 and 30. Those who escape it till
the latter age are less and less prone t#
it as they advance in years, and may 63-
capo it entirely, even though they may
have a hereditary predisposition to it.
SCIENTIFIC SCRAPS.
Excellent brown pap« ean now be
made, it seems, oht of pent fibre.
The doctors of Seville, Spain, are
proclaiming the discovery of a most ef
ficacious cure for hyprophobia.
Experiments by a Parisian scientist
have proved that daylight entirely
ceases in the waters of tho Mediterranean
at a depth of 1518 feet.
An Austrian railway official has in
vented a portable telephone forspoaking
from a railway train at any point stop
ping to the nearest station.
The railway from Buenos Ayres to the
foot of tho Andes, a distance of about
275 miles, is as straight as an arrow. It
forms the largest stretch of “bee line”
road in the wofld.
Some of he electric cooking apparatus
contain Gorman silver coils, which aro
brought to red heat by tho electric cur
rent, and tho cooking is done on a
range fitted with these coils.
There aro many simple rules of
health violated because it is consid
ered incovcnient to obey them, but
it is a violation of these same simple
rules that burdens life with that
greater inconvenience ill-hcalth. The
busy man will find that it takes far
less time to comply with hygienic
laws than it does to suffer the sick
ness resulting from their violation.
As a general result of numerous ex
periments, candle power, as determined
by means of the Bunsen photometer,
affords no correct measurement either
of light-giving energy or of tho lumi
nosity of\the source of light, the direc
tion of tho error always being such a*
to favor sources of a low degree of in
candescence when compared with those
of higher temperature.
Carefully repeated experiments made
by an experienced English navigator at
Santander, on the north coast of Spain,
showed the crest of the sea waves in a
prolonged and heavy gale of wind to be
42 feet high, and allowing the same for
the depth between the waves would
make a height of 84 feet from crest to
base. The length from crest to crest
was found to be 336 feet.
While the deepest tone that our ears
are capable of recognizing is one con
taining sixteen vibrations a second, tho
phonograph will record ten vibration*
or less, and can then raise the pitch un
til wo hear a reproduction from them.
Similarly, vibrations above tho highest
rate audible to tho ear can be recorded
on the phonograph, and then re
produced by lowering tho pilch until
we actually hear the record of those
inaudible pulsations.
The Moors aro said to have mad:: pa
per from linen in the thirteenth century,
all paper known beforo that being ap
parently made from cotton. In tho
Ijiitish Museum are somo specimens of
linen paper from the fourteenth century.
Recently Professor Church has discov
ered an Episcopal Register of 1273-
from Auvefgno, in which paper some
strands remaining show to have been
linen. This carriei linen paper back
further than was supposed.
Professor E. Hall, in a recent paper,
thinks the phenomenon of terrestrial
magnetism can be explained by the ex
istence of a concentric zone of rock
filled with magnetic iron, situated about
100 miles below the surface of tbs
earth. If only fifteen per cent, of iron
were present, this zone need not ex
ceed three miles in thickness. The ex
istence of the magnetic poles at the
north would bo due to protuberances of
the magnetic mass into the exterior
■on-magnetic shell..
A Peculiar Anniversary.
A curious colebration occurred recent
ly in the City of Mexico. It was tho
38tli anniversary of the punishment in
flicted upon Emperor Cuauhtemoc by
Cortez to induco him to reveal the hid
ing place of the Montezuma treasure.
The meeting wa3 held around the statue
of Cuauhtemoc, and was attended by
Indians from tho most distant villages,
dressed in the ancient dress, who exe
cuted dances of the time of the con
quest. An address in the Indian lan
guage was delivered by tho governor of
Tlaxcala. —Chicago Herald.
It Was a Tough Bird.
Defining the Species.—Jones (strug
gling with a tough morsel)—Waiter
what do you call this bird?
Waiter—Woodcock, sah.
Jones—Ah I ba?swood!—Barling
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