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THE FARM AND CARDEN.
ItCIBS of , Interest , , Agricultural .
on
Topics.
by Hand I
Farm Workshop - Sowing Oats
Dipping Sheep — Hatching During .
Summer-.Etc., Etc.
farm workshop.
Quite a nnmber of simpler wood j
hatchet, , , . ,
working tools, such as saw, ;
plane, drawing-knife, brace and bits
chisels, claw-hammer, box of nails and
bolts, etc., should he found on every
farm. There should be a place for
tb-in if possible a place where they
may be used when it rains and they
should he kept in decent working
order. Let the boys use the tools,
and teach them to take proper core of
them. It is a boy’s delight to use tools
in his own way in making sleds, etc.,
and soon dollars will he saved in re
pairs oil the farm.
SOWING OATS HT hand.
There are many farmers who find it
an advantage o sow other grains with
a drill, so as to apply fertilizers with
the seed, who yet think the oat crop
come s surer sown on a coarsley har
rowed surface and dragged in. The
reason probably is that thus the grain
is apt not to lie covered so deeply as it
is |,v the drill. The better fitting the
seed bed has, the deeper the wheels
sink, carrying the drill tubes and the
seed grain to greater depth than is
good for the grain crop.
mvriya sheep.
O nr j h 1 ii,,, • are shorn and we have
come . ( conclusion that nothing
pay- any > _ At> . anmincr 1 them. It
. years
,a " '* ‘ “ " ,n * ’ ‘
\ V ^ f^ud i sXient f (J1 t ^ifen icks
w " havo f tlnH Ini dip
there was no scab > and the the proper proper clip
wan employed, For some reason, now
forgotten, we failed last spring to give
them the attention they needed—
which was the spring for dipping—and
ticks were unusually plentiful in con
sitcjuence "f 't When ticks get too
plentiful f sheep will not thrive and will
, I '.njl ..,,,1 rnbhinir
against i g the premises I
will he . down , •
Broad back fc lows in
...... nqn. .i..
^fmtL /► Wilfilft# tR*>ld
flip H'Zhn v#* u-ing • »r so many
y ears. We know to a certainty that
ticks will increase if not checked in
aome manner, and no sheep owner can
afford to feed ticks, The time to dip
is about ten days after shearing.
HATCHING DURING SUMMER.
On the large eastern poultry farms
hatching is continued the year round.
During the winter, when broody hens
are scarce, incubators and brooders
are used. During summer the incu¬
bators are only used when setting
bens cannot be bad. But not all
farmers can run incubators—they J have
not . the time. . „„ They must, . therefore, .
depend 1 upon the broody hen. In that
case it a is • always i advisable i-ii a to l hatch a l
during March April and May, picking
ont the best for next winter a stock
After May every chicken hatched and
raised marketable size should be
app sold. « <»r< Now, mi< where on o there pato, is 1 "* a .8®°^ P u .'
o bnvo barrels covered with
hmng water-proof paper. These b«
rels are placed on their sides, and
ground put inside, the nest upon that
lo front of the barrels a small, covered
run should be built, so the hen can
go out to eat or drink when she wants
to. Then, if every precaution is
taken against lice, such as burning
sulphur in the barrel after each hatch,
and dusting the hen well before set
tmg her .here is no reason w by sum
mcr hatches should not be snceessfu
And these chn ks marketed in the fall
s.ioubl bung good returns tar better
than selling the eggs at less than the
oust of production.
THIN oh iikaw skp.dino.
Tt 1ms long been a disputed question
among farmers how thickly to seed
! ,,,,! miu |„ this country w o‘generally il
England. We also ou the average
grow smaller grain crops. Yet we
have personally known tlie largest
yields of cats, barlev and wheat grow u
from v rv I.-iit s.-e-lm- On,-and a
half bu-hels of oats per ,u-re. and the
same of barlev, while .of client having
a snrdler grain one bushel per acre vly
rro hu « 1 a M rvd that was every ‘ thtii
thicker nnl better at harvest
where twice or twice and a half as
\ „ ,U « ‘ * * . i ha ‘ ' i i )A * n « x U ll ' \im.h
* .1 a \ t . i , K t : .|
A \ 1 ''
:» w i f u n of i umvs
aud on It makes a fertilizer for wha
grows This is cspcciallv true of grain
threshed w hile damp, and which has
been injured bv heating in the gran
arv Ut rcinisthc advantage of sat
i M | 0Bie ,•. in tjj,. buadla to be
t % j use A<ecd. if
so threshed the straw prevents the!
grain from being injured while it is in !
head, and its fnjl vitality is maintained :
until the seed gets in the soil. Rich ;
Hod usna u y needs very heavy seeding. j
If seeded thin it will grow too rank,
and the straw will break down and .
rnst. Yet we have seen thin seeding
on r j c h ground give a large stand by '
ro 4i; up,” U g a nd harrowing after the grain !
is so as to cause it to spread or
tiller. On very poor land the seeding ;
must be thin, as there is not enough i
in the soil to bring even one stalk
with a good head from each grain of a
heavy seeding.
WHAT CARVES SHOULD WE RAISE?
I feel that I have a little the advan¬
tage of some of yon, friends, in being
associated with the experts of the
country, in different lines, all winter,
at institute work. But whenlgethold
of anything that is really good, myself. you
notice that I do not keep it to
Lately I have been with H. Van
Dreser, the great expert in selecting
dairy cow s. He knows a cow as yon
know the alphabet. He can read how
much milk she is capable of giving,
and the quality of it, from the outside
of her body as you would read a print¬
ed page, and perhaps with fewer mis¬
takes. I would like to tell you of the
money he gets sometimes for using his
powers for others, but he is a modest
man and would not like to have me.
He keeps thoroughbred cows and he
aud his brother have paid for a large
farm and their fine stock by care in
breeding. Born with a love for the
COW, Mr. Van Dreser has become so
intimate with her during his long
years of experience that she can hide
nothing from him. But now I want
to tell you what he said about select
iug calves to raise.
“When a calf is dropped we first
turn it on its back and examine its,
teats. If there are four, well placed
and two rudimentary or extra ones, all
right. Next we look into the calf’s
mouth. If there are six or eight milk
’ well through we call the calf
we 1 born and worth ra • srng. ■ If Tf it it lms has
but two teeth through i
raming. W e will not fuss about l .
I* shows that the mother had n
vitality enough to properly start Ue
««**• We want to breed from the besL
We do not raise calves born with two
or tour teeth just sticking through.
They £ will be weakly, ;. J puny, subject to
djge ae a] , their , iv The well-born
"'-'"j ilt PHW - ay thefigfZ*}
and ^ this lI1< is ^ c«>ii.-t!t.uti«m what I heard they this showed, j
authority suy at the institute: “I
havo got sheep that cost me a good 1
deal of money, but I never raise a
lamb now that lias not got at least two
teeth through when it is born. Nor
will I raise a calf, or colt even, that
is born without any teeth through. I
have to fuss with them too much, and
they don’t amount to enough to pay
for the trouble.”—T. B. Terry in
Practical Farmer.
PIMPLY POTATOES.
A , peculiar ,. condition ... ■ of , potato . , tubers, . .
1
commonly , _ known , as pimply . , ,, pota- .
toes, • lias been for some years past
' Bwkm# drawback to the pota
t G imluatrv ia some portions of the
country . The cause of these .fi peculiar,
'
nnsigh Uy pun))U>8 and gUvet ke pro .
j ectiong ou tho 8ur f aoe 0 f the other
w ig e apparently healthy potatoes, has
been the subject of much comment axul
speoiilation, J J especially ' by ' those pota
n lon Wani in
8eo t ion 0 f the state the disease
. # 1#nt _ Recent investigations
^ exper i men t a on Long Island by
York experiment station have
| )rou „ b , , () the previously undis
0red {actB as to tbe oallse Q f t b I3
' '
0 ars that the real cause of'the
; J . is Ult , weJ { known black cucurn
v i)0 „ tl( ,_ „ swa „, | lillt - k . flea-like
^ wbi ,. ht .ithough commonly
,. a! |cd the encumber beetle, lias proven
(hat i( i s f u || vas f on d of eating holes in
the j eavR9 (.{‘potato and tomato plants,
aa it is o{ going a similar mischief to
the cucumber.
[jut. although the beetles them
selves are voracious feeders, they are
not the immediate cause of the mis
chief. The female beetles lav their
eggs, which produce minute, -slender
white grubs. These burrow into "the
tuber and cause the “pimples" and |
their acoiupnnying “slivers.” The
one is probably the result of the irn- :
tat ion caused 1-v the worm, while the 1
other is a slender canal in which a
single grub may feed. An interesting j
peculiarity in this connection is that
the “pimples” mav be found ou the
same tuber without the “slivers,” as j
well as tho “slivers” without the 1
**ium»les.” =
( n addition to the important infor- i
uvation concerning the cause of “pirn
clearly and concisely the best-known
course to pursue in controlling the
disease. Bordeaux mixture has been
found to be one of the most efficient
remedies when thoroughly and iutel
hgently applied, as it is sufficiently
repulsive to the beetles to keep them
ip the thoroughly sprayed vines,
ilver Knight.
Y AND GARDEN' NOTES,
1 ry ft ''"yields s per acre this year.
y r i c tit— te eases wear and draft;,
0 jj kills friction.
ultivate as soon after showers as i
thf ‘ ground crumbles nicely.
j- N.-ver try to cure a sick fowl by al
low via it to remain in the flock of well
‘ * 1
ones.
■ the , , hen-houses , clean, a
cep more
especially during the advent of the
lou-e season.
A washer placed under a nut that j
persists in working loose will often
* tight,
keep it j
I arm machinery should run quietly
and smoothly and as easily as is con
sgmt with best work.
{weep a strict account of alt your
tnpisactions, e4#C and charge yourself for
egg and fowl you eat.
j;K£ o 6 r the^after pleasant
Hon of the crop will not be as
or effective as it should be.
Get a good spring-bottom oil can for
each machine, fill with good heavy oil,
and if possible fix a place- to carry
right on the planter, riding plow, cul
tivator, etc.
phnvdier An application acre, in of 300 the ponnd^oUuV furrows with
the seed, had no effect whatever m
preventing potato scab in infested soil
at the Massachusetts station.
Frequently it occurs that some
thins is needed to supplement the
late lit-summer summer pastures, pastures and and we delieve
very many Q
in planting a Git near the l.arn to a
strain of large evergreen sweet '
old queens are more inclined
flwa rm than young ones. If old colon
i e s .are requeened with young ones in
the spring, swarming will be greatly
l efl3 ened during the season and colon
ie3 wi u become much stronger, and
result is much larger honey crop,
Young .. queens always 1 exceed j older older
ones laying eggs.
-—
WHERE NATIVtS HUNT HEADS.
-
‘ ne DangerOUS a , an5 B rou» Ufe un m 0 f a Trader in the
Solomon Islands.
Captain Prat is a well known trader
in the Solomon islands, where h« has
ffeelj Captain are also Prat’s obtained headquarters from the
e. 4 . .*js. island,
are at Rubiaua one of the
largest of the group. The climate is
healthy for Europeans so long as ono
remans on the sea. On the laud it is
apt to be feverish. Captain Prat
always resides on board his schooner,
and other traders live on their boats.
It is more healthy and more safe. The
natives, he says, are not to be trusted.
Their favorite pastime is “head hunt¬
ing. They form large parties and go
in oa-ioes to the other islands. If they
come across a few isolated natives they
inter -Jew them and return with their
heads as mementoes of the visit, The
head if a white man is specially welcome
on snob occasions. Captain Prat says
that le knows the natives well and has
many friends among them, But he
decli.es to trust them. He seldom
leaves the schooner, living on board
from -me year’s end to the other. He
«nd.s t more convenient for trading
purpwes. Trade is done by barter.
gves away knives and axes and
tobaeto. The latter, he says, is the
real currency of the island,
Captain Brat trades for about 150
miles east and west, and from 70 to
100 miles north and south of Rubiana.
The iilands which he visits are the
westerJTportion, and in these the nat
ives are more savage. In the eastern
islands many of the traders live on shore
in apparent security. The Germans
have ontrol of about half the group;
but th-rc .loes not appear to be any
eontti.n betw een the English and Ger
man traders. Caxe is taken on both
sides not to encroach upon each other’s
territory. Captain l’rat points unknown. out
politics ou the ii aid are
Ho far as he can observe the natives
ars not becoming much more civilized,
They a-e almost the same, he says, as
they were when he first went
them. They are becoming quieter,
perhaps and are getting a little more
used to traue. By becoming quieter
he means that there is not quite so
much head-hunting now as there
used to be. The community too, w
diminishing ia numbers, he does not
attribute this to the use of gin, but
rather to disease, ihe natives take
very little care of themselves; they
wear ao clothes and, being exposed to
the rain, soon catch cold. Large num
hers of them, die from consumption,
Mobj others suffer from rheumatism,
They Uro half their time in salt water,
attending to their canoes, and soon
no murders oi Europeans that C aptam
Brnt has heard of—at least not lately.
The visits of the war ships to the
islands hbve a very salutary effect upon
the nativies; but it is very difficult to
catch the real culprits.— Sydney v> T ew
Soutfe Widest HeraUi.
FOR THE YOUNC FOLKS.
A GEOGRAPHY JINGLE.
Young North Aftierica,
Sharp North America,
Awoke, from a nap:
Donned a coat of royal red.
a. kilt all starred and striped.
Took the North Pole for a cap.
Laid a hand on Asia's shoulder,
At Europe threw a great, green bowlder;
Put out his little foot,
His poor, deformed left foot,
And sent the islands flying,
Whereat they burst out crying;
Then thrust down his long foot
1Jjg Mexican . spllrre d right foot,
And was caught in a trap
By saucy South America.
Ismg-tingered Soutu America
And there he is, both heel and toe; —
If you don’t believe it's so,
Why—look on the map!
about a bandit r-srr.
Ju the ri „, s and lakes of New York
gtate tbere ]g a hand j t fi 3 b that roams at
, arge and make3 it3 lining by robbmg the
gentlemen fish. It even attacks such
Ttlfelamprey 6
Professor Ga-re of Cornell university has
= lampre spawning
geen n ’ 0Q0 f these ys
at one time in lbe oul i et 0 f ( ayuga lake
a]one and be bas e9t i mat ed that thev kill
more fisb tban a n 0 f tlie fishermen of the
state put together. The lamprey is about
e L of n ** *]' ol killi „ K ” them ^ b y y means of
J. gtream g thfey R Q up iD the
'
p = 1 ' '
__
honestt and work.
John Stephenson f was the greatest car
builder in tbe wor | d . When a young
man he was a wagon maker and located
his shop near the omnibus stables when
this method of locomotion was new.
Stephenson thought he would make an
omnibus as well as a wagon. When
street cars were introduced, the Harlem
road gave the young mechanic the con
tract to build the cars. He worked till
he got the monopoly of the bus,ness by
building a better car at a lower price than
an v other “fbeSSrind maker. London and Liverpool
® cheaper cars in New
| Yor tban at bome . Stephenson's cars
are to-day running in St. Petersburg and
Berlin, in Austria and Australia: in Lon
don and Bombay, in Canada and South
America.
-
renewed ,ts tooth.
Lost week we ta ked about , , anl ,
again m a vety slrau«e manner. When
its eyes are darkened and its wings are
heavy with age, it seeks out a fountain
clear and pure, where the water bubbles
up and shines in the clear sunlight,
Above this fountain it rises high up into
the air, and fixes its eyes upon the light
of the sun and gazes upon it until the
heat thereof sets on tire its eyes and
wings. Then it descends down into the
fountain where the water is clearest and
brightest, aud plunges and bathes three
times, until it is fresh and renewed and
heated of its old age.
The eagle has such keen vision that if
it is high up among the clouds, soaring
through the air, it sees the fish swimming
beneath it in river or sea; then down it
shoots upon the tish and seizes and drags
it to the shore. Again, if unknown to
the eagle its eggs should be changed and
others put into its nest—when the young
are grown, before they fly away, it carries
them up into the air when the sun is shin
ing the brightest. Those which can look
at the rays of the sun without blinking,
it lt>y( . 3 an(J bolds deftr . tbose wbicb
cannot stand to look at the light, it
abandons as base- bora, nor troubles itself
hencefo/th concerning tliern.
THE BICHBSr PBINCE.
The richest prince is not always he that
reigns over the most exteusive and popui
ous empire, with the largest and most
prosperous cities aud the best-filled trea
sure house, says an exchange,
Back m the middle ages there reigned
a prince, called Kberhard the Good, who
"*• bi ‘ 1 ” 9 1“^“° nttfenrincinalUy ^ 3 JIh 'wa^thTenytad
q ho he was onta wefl
| so justly and
tb ( hU sub ects were bappy and they '
'
[oved bim a3 a father.
There was a feast one day at the City
0 f orra3 and all the German princes
were drinking wine at the banquet table.
when a dispute arose as lo which of them
was the richest and most prosperous.
Prince Ernest of faxony boasted of
broad domains brimming with go-l and
« -r ^ ^
J "ichTta^. he.” said Elector
Fr eriek of , be Rbine . -From my g-and
| le ideU«;ra I can look over the
Jea and ,, aauea „f hillsides c .vvred
van vineyards am! valleys rich with gold
ea Rrain fields.”
King Louis of Bavaria claimed the palm
of sovereignty ‘•because.” he said, ‘’pros
perous cities and rich old cloisters tilled
with works of art are greater treasures
than gold or silver mines, vineyards or
ripened grain fields.” looked the old ,, lord f t
Tnen they all at Oa
^urttemberg. whose hair and beard was
=
.- I h3Te i iu!e to boast of.” he said,
meeklv -There are bat few cities in
Wurtemberg and no silver mines, no
f amoua vineyards and no great store of
trea-ure an.i precious stones. But I own
one rare jewel—I can wander any where
in my dominions without fear and lay my
old head in peaceful slumber in the cot
of my humblest subject." cried in chorus.
“It is enough.’' they be
-We yield the palm to thee, for there
no richer treasures thau a people’s love
and loyalty." of toe great
Duke Kberhard was one little
heroes of the feudal time9. Uis
country of Wurtemberg was one of the
most prosperous in Europe aud the prortd
est kings counted him their equal. AS hen
he was laid in hia grave the Emperor
Maximilian of Germany declared:
-There lies a prince who has left no
equal in the German empire in princely
virtues." > blot his
Nor has time been able to out
fair bame, and though half thousand
years have passed away, dividing the
living from the dead, it is always pleasant
and refreshing when we look back upon
those times to find the name of him they
called the richest prince.
“honor br-giit.
“Yes, mother, I will, honor brght!
Did you ever know me to break my prom
ise?”_ Dun^oTk SfjoH , ,,
iTe^eZ Z n°e°ver hrotvn^curls
in all Harry Dun
ning’s fifteen years had failed to look
straightforwardly back into tiers,
“Well, mother, you never will. 1 U be
home by ten, sure. Now I’m off. ana
Harry sprang down the steps ami was
away like an arow. invited
,
time,” and Aide,i's invitations were always
acoe pt^d by his boy and girl friends; for
Father and Mother Mayhew and grown
U p sister Nell had, to perfection, the
“knack’ of making a ‘good time” for
young folks. believe ..
Mo wonder that Harry couldu t
his own eye, when, in the height of the
f un he looked up and saw the hands of
_ of ten
tbe clock pointing to a quarter think- .
Mo one else looked as though even -honor
j n gof going home. But Harry’s Nobody
promise rang in liis ears.
guessed the struggle that was going on ih
the boy’s heart as he mechauica y P® *
formed hi3 part in the merry game
"Why can’t I stay until the rest go?
Don’t I work hard enough. And 1
haven't it' had an evening out for weeks,
was all true. Very few and far be
tween had been his "good times’ since
his father died, two years before, when
little Day was a baby, and left him to oe
the support aud comfort of his mother.
“It isn't late," he thought tmtaWy.
-Mother's only nervous.” Then his
cheeks reddened, and he straightened up be
quickly. Serroi?” “Who had a better right though to
he thought fiercely, as
mat the dewi?
* ‘Day is worse, she w ispere usviy.
“It’icroup. Lun for the doctor -quic - .
j And Harry ran-ran 8S ie ia * le ‘
dreamed lie could, even when -
lon pended S et ). t on ° t his , 1 ® speed “ ^ and h “h snrpfootedne3S surefootedness.
And the old doctor, elecln e y
hoy’s breathless energy, harnessed o d
*R m ’ Wlt, h Harry s help, m an the ncr lull at y
brief tune, and drove off down
a pace timt brought night-capped heads
from darkened windows and caused many
a conjecture as who was sick down in
the "holler”
The keen eyed old man , lo " , ,vei1 , ^
serious as he bent over Day; but
® skilled physician and before o a
little, girl was breathing easily again,
"But let me tell you. lie sai 1 -
pnssslvely, “ten minutes later it wouldn t
have been of much use to call me or aoy
0I1 f e ' 9e -’
Harry listened silently, but w ret ___ y
were once more alone lie drew bis mother
down by his side on the shabby little sofa,
and told her of the resisted temptation.
“And, oh! mother,” he concluded,
“I’m so glad I kept my promise, 'honor
bright!’ I feel as though I’d just es
caped from being a murderer.”
“I have perfect confidence in mv brave,
true laddie,” said the happy mother,
stroking the bonnie head bowed on her
shoulder.
Tornado Drills in Kansas.
We bave lire drills in our public
sehoolg in t!le e ast, and very effective
drUU ^ have V roved in mo ~ thau
“ lle ‘‘ at,e " f «mcrgency. In _ Kansas
they have no fire drills, or if they
have, we have still to hear of it. Out
tllere tornadoes are more to be dreaded
than fires, and the school children are
now being trained in tornado drills.
When tornadoes strike a Kansas.
town everybody makes at once for
prairies. Jt is the only way to escape
- deatU from fl ymg doors and chimneys,
ta uing trees and toppling Buildings.
«ehool children are trained to know
^ from the cradie and on t h es
canons rush pell mell fpr toe nearest
bit of clear prnrie attainable, But
many children have been maimed and
even tided m these temole storms.
So they have started a movement
throughout the under btate to school have tornaao houses
caves built the
large enough to accommodate all the
children while the blow lasts. And
here comes in ihe tornado drill, which.
is already being put into practice. fire
; j t j s very much like our own
dri ij The teacher soundaS the alarm
up. Then the march is played, and
out they go in good oraer, down tne
; st an,i mt the
' *“ s “ c “ ve '
Then let the wnuds . Wow. , T ket the ,
entire .juilding 'all m rums.
children are safe and have only to be
dug out.—>ew lork Heraid, ^
