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age reservoir liuilt then?, not only for
the benefit of Wyoming, but for Ne
braska as well. The Secretary has set
aside $2,250,000 for (he Shoshone
Hiver, Wyoming, project and $.'1,330,000
for the Pathfinder project on North
Platte Hiver, to bo partially expended
for the benefit of Nebraska. Tliua
about 15 per rent, of the entire re
clamatlon fund will be laid out In Wy
oming, although she has contributed
only about 4 per rent, of the fund.
Scenes along the Platte and the Sho
shone canyon are among the wildest
and most picturesque In America.
Second to Wyoming comes the terri-'
tory of Arizona, with the great Salt
River project at an estimated cost of
about four million dollars, requiring
upwards of it per cent of tbe entire
reclamation fund, although Arizona
baa contributed less titan 1 per cent
It is stated by the engineers that'the
opportunities for water storage in Ari
zona arc. next to Wyoming, the Itefet
in the arid West, while the soil of that
territory is not only extremely fertile
and lying at a moderate altitude, but
the climate Is semi-tropical and under
careful cultivation, ten or even live
acres will support a family. Southern
California to-day, with a similar soil
and climate, has thousands of pros
perous little five and ten a«TO farms.
The third State In order of Irrigation
benefits in Montana, which, although
lying far north, has a splendid water
supply and likewise rich land. Actual
construction lias been bdgun by the
Government on the Yellowstone,
where, owing to the plentiful How of
water, none of the embarrassing com
plications of vested water rights ex
ist, which have prevented work thus
far on the upper Missouri Hiver and
on the Milk Hiver. The funds allotted j
to Montana for the Huntley, bower
Yellowstone anil Milk Hiver projects
amount to over three million dollars,
or nearly nine per cent, of the fund,
which is in excess of thu amount con
trihuted by Montana.
The fourth State in order of benefits
Is Nevada, contributing the least,
money to the fund hut probably most
needing the benefits. It was. in fact, ;
through the dire wants of this Stato
that the law received Us inception, be
ing first known as the Newlands hill
this unique plan of automatic appro
priation being originated and intro
duced by Senator Newlands, then a
Hepresentative, in the spring of 1901.
Following Nevada come Idaho, j
Washington, Colorado, Nebraska, I
South Dakota, Oregon, North Dakota,!
Oklahoma, Utah, Kausas, and lastly
New Mexico.
Throughout these States Govern
ment surveyors and engineers aro
working upon many Interesting pro
jects where strong rlvors rush down
out of tho mountains in time of heavy
spring floods, hut which will bo im
pounded behind great masonry dams
to form storage lakes whence the water
will later he diverted Into the Irri
gation canals and used for crops on the
desert Boils. Thousands of prosperous
homes'will he tho result when these;
works nre completed, and the great
West, which Is to-day in reality but a
spnrsely settled community, will be
come more rounded out and better bal
anced against the more populous Fast
ern half of the country.
' fcj .■” "
As *ll the money which is being ex
pended in the construction of these
irrigation works ts to bo paid back to
the Government hr the settlers taking
the land, and to go into the •reclama
tion fund," the work of future con
struction will proceed as fast as the re
payments are made from the projects
now under construction. Possibly also,
when the first few completed Irrigation
projects shall have thoroughly demon
strated themselves to 1h» the successful
experiments which they are proving.
Congress will not he averse to making
a direct appropriation as a loan to the
"reclamation fund.”
A direct Congressional appropriation
for such a loan is not believed to be
at alt beyond the bounds of accom
plishment some time in the future
after, as stated, the systems now under
construction shall have demonstrated
themselves to be the successes predict
ed. The present figure above noted of
$"7,000,000 for irrigation would have
been looked upon as the dream of an
impractical enthusiast at the time that
the irrigation bill was being discussed
In Congress, less than four years ago
The year before the passage of the act,
the securing of a hundred million dol- (
lar appropriation would have been
believed to be as likely a figure as five
million, to say nothing of thirty-seven
million. «
Peter Larsen, of Montana, is the
richest Scandinavian In the United
States. He Is quoted as next in wealth
in Montana to Senator William A
Clark.
JUDGE CROSSCUP’S SOLUTION.
SO TED fl’R/ST WOULD ESTABLISH
COUNT Ol TRANSPORTATION
TO REGI'LA TE RAILROADS.
Numerous Rate Bills Before Congress
at Preaent. Senator Morgan Opens
Discussion. —General Public Desires
More Enlightenment.
Whether or not there is to he the
j specific railroad rate legislation In
' Congress after the lines of the vigor
ous demands of tlie President, it is a
fact that many laws have been started
| rejoicing on their iniiial courses at
both ends of the Capitol. They are of
all sorts and conditions. Some will die
| in tho horning, some will he the bases
! for thunderous tirades of denunciation
against the railroads, with no inten
tion by the authors of accomplishing
anything but getting their “remarks”
before their constituencies at. home,
in the horning, some will Is; the basis
tho committees, and pigeon-holed, or
possibly merged into the one or two
bills which will he taken up for serious
j consideration by the House and Senate
themselves.
There is a vast difference of opinion
on the railroad rate question. There
aro some who tell us that the term
"railroad" signifies everything that is
IB™
JITXiE I'ETKH UHOB.SCCP.
had, nnd that no legislation could be
| too severe to mete out ns a proper pun
ishment for these monsters of extor
j tlon. On the other -hand, there are
those who think that tho railroads
have been of a very material benefit
to the country and that while they
should ho regulated and shorn of their
j undoubted powers to injure the ship
pers and the communities which de
pend upon them, they should still be
accorded a hearing and reasonable
treatment.
The President’s attitude on the rail
road question Is specific. Ho favors
tho enlargement of tho powers of tho
Interstate Commerce Commission so
as to enable that body to fix railroad
, rates, whero they are deemed by the
I Commission to ho excessive, at the
n
same time he has stated that it*Ts of
course his desire that nothing should
be done to injure railroad properties
or drive the companies out of business.
The railroads themselves are not
pleased with this plan of regulation.
While many of them may not have
done, in past times, the best possible
by the public, they fear that to give an
absolute rate-making power to a politi
cal commission, such as the Interstate
Commerce Commission, appointed by a
Chief Executive, would be not only an
unconstitutional method of regulation
but would place In that body a power
which if not wisely administered
might practically put them, the rail
roads. out of business. The provision
that they would have recourse to the
courts after a rate had been fixed by
the Commission and put into effect
would help them but little since their
entire schedule would be changed and
the damage done, before the courts
could be brought to reach a decision.
The other point of view Is that with
the knowledge that their rates will be
S carefully scrutinized and contested
they will bo extremely careful about
‘the making or enforcing of any ex
’(Cessive rates, while with the enact
< meat of a comprehensive law the rem-
I*dy will always lio with the Govern
ment to inspect and supervise any ex
isting rates, without, however, disturb
ing or overturning the business of the
railroad or interfering with the busi
ness of communities.
| At the last session of Congress the
greatest Interest In railroad matters
centered around the Esch-Towsend bill
In the House, which after some discus
■ sion was passed by that body. No ac
tion was taken, however, by the Sen
ate, hut after adjournmenuthe Senate
• Committee on Interstate Commerce
held extended hearings, and during the
present Congress there has been a
flood of railroad rates bills In both
houses, ranging all the way from the
, Interstate Commerce Commission bill,
i which is generally considered as the
administration measure, to bills widely
and radically different in- their pro
> visions. Bills have been Introduced by
i Senator Dolliver of lowa, by Senator
• Foraker of Ohio, by Senator Elkins of
> Virginia, the Chairman of the Senate
i Interstate Commerce Committee, by
1 1 Senator of Alabama, by Sena-
I tor Culberson of Texas, by Representa
i tive Hepburn of lowa, the chairman of
> the “railroad rate committee” of the
i House, by Representative Hogg of
• Colorado; also the Interstate Com
' nierce Commission bill and various
others.
, Senator Morgan recently made the
i first argument in the Senate on the
’ rate question, In support of his bill,
1 which provides for the regulation of
railroad rates through the regular
courts of tho country. Senator Elkins’
bill also proposes that the Federal
i courts shall determine whether rates
■ are excessive, and provides for an in
i Junction against any road which is
i found to be charging an excessive rate.
The bill which has been Introduced by
Hepresentative Hogg, formulated by
Judge Peter Grostscup of the United
States District Court of Chicago who
rendered the decision against the Beef
Trust, provides for a special railroad
court to decide all such matters.
Judge Grosscup’s bill establishes seven
Courts of Transportation, situated in
different sections of the country, to
try tho particular cases arising within
their territory. During a stated period
of each year the judges of the seven
courts are to meet together and hold
court en banc in Washington or else
where, Just as the Supreme Court of
the United States sits together for a
stated term, after having held individ
ual court in the different Federal dis
tricts of the a United States. There is
right of appeal from this Court of
Transportation to the Supremo Court
of the United States. It Is argued in
: favor of this bill that inasmuch as
railroad rate matters, even where
they are decided upon by the Inter
state Commerce Commission, must fi
nally go to court, tho matter can be
simplified by having them considered
in tho beginning by this Court of
Transportation. Also that this Court
of Transportation having no other
business to attend to, can try the rail
road cases much more opiekly than
; the regular courts, while. i*he members
will be experts on the subject, making
the subject the study of their lives.
The Grosscup bill also continues the
work of the Interstate Commerce
Commission with some modification in j
organization, authorizing that body to ,
arbitrate railroad matters wherever;
possible and to act as counsel or at-;
torney for the shipper or complainant,
at the Government's expense, wherever
any case of controversy arises between
1 the shipper and the railroads.
This bill Is favored as a measure
whose provisions overcome the danger
1 which It Is stated would arise from
the creation of a Commission at Wash
Lngton which would hold tho vast rail
road Interests of the United States In
the hollow of Its hand. There Is an
apparently growing sentiment among
many people that to constitute any
body of men a political commission
with such vast power as the ability to
make or unmake any railroad rate on
the 70.000 miles of railroad In the
country, would afford such an enor
mons centralized power as lias never
heretofore been dreamed of by the
most radical advocates of the central
government Idea as against the diffu
sion of power among the people and
the several States. It Is realized that
such power In the hands of any ad
ministration would. If misused In any
degree, make possible the indefinite
continuance In power of that political
party and require an absolute uprising
of the eutire nation, en masse, to bring
about political changes.
The great number of railroad bills
thus far Introduced and which are be
Ing widely discussed, show that there
is as yet no general erystalization of
sentiment on the subject and that
statesmen and supposed specialists, to
say nothing of the average Individual
throughout the country, are in a recep
tive mood and seeking for information
and education on the question.
GETTYSBURG BATTLEFIELD.
The Turning Point of the Civil War.
A Remarkable Guide.)
There Is a guide at Gettysburg. Pa.,
Charles D. Sheads, to be found at the
Gettysburg Hotel, who is a genius.
While not himself a soldier, perhaps
f few If any of the actual participants
I of that three days’ terrible fight have
j a tithe of his knowledge of the details.
He has been a resident of the town
j since 1855, and was conductor of the
Gettysburg & Hanover Railroad until
j it was burned by the Confederates
l June 26, 1863.
j Upon the memorable first day of July,
with many other citizens, he went out
j to the right of the Union army, where
, the battle had already commenced. A
, member of the Twelfth Illinois cavalry
fired the first shot, and a squadron of
1 i that regiment continued skirmishing
until relieved by the infantry of the
First corps, commanded by Maj-Oen.
Reynolds. Later in the day Gen. Rey
’ nolds was killed, and the Union troops
’ under Doubleday fell back through the
' town and fortified the heights beyond.
Every house, public and private, had
’ become a hospital, and Sheads found
his little homo filled with dead and
? dj ing of both armies. Upon the second
i and third day of the battle he was car
-1 . ing for the wounded and shortly after
? commenced again running his train.
For the past nine years he has em
-1 ployed his entire time as a battlefield
guide, and no one has witnessed more
-of tbe 450 monument unvei’lngs. over
- the 35.000 acres where the battles were
fought. Generals and privates. Feder
al and Confederates by the hundreds
have been piloted by him over every
» spot where thev had been stationed and
have listened to his truthful history of
their movements, while from them he
f has steadily added to and increased
his store of knowledge.
5 The name and location of all the
1 corps, divisions, brigades and regl-|
ments and their commanders in the
■ Union army and the general location
of all the Confederate forces and their
i movements are to him an open bool:,
i and the hours spent with him leave but
: little to be desired by even those who
, are seldom satisfied.
Gettysburg will always be considered
, by the North and acknowledged by the
South as the high water mark of th*
iTlatl
4
' i. '
ON" GETTYSBURG liATT : ' !
great civil contest, and when the sun
went down on that bloodiest of fields
where the dead and dying had fallen
by thousands, as it looked upon the
defeat of Pickett’s immortal charge, it
also saw the beginning of the end of
the greatest of modern conflicts.
And because there was no shame In
that defeat and because deeds of en
durance and heroism belong to each
army in equal measure, the battlefield
will remain forever the Mecca of all
brave Americans and of every military
student of the entire world.
Auloa for Rural Delivery.
The recommendation of Fourth As
sistant Postmaster General DeGraw
| that rural carriers be allowed to use
[automobiles in serving their routes
! has been approved by Postmaster Gen
eral Cortelyou. The Postmaster Gen
eral, however, expressly reserves the
right to require the rural carriers to
discontinue the use of such vehicles
and resume the service of their routes
jin the ordinary vehicles prescribed by
the regulations, if proof is made of un
i satisfactory service arising from the
I use of automobiles. In addition to
j tftis, the rural carriers are required
: also to maintain a fixed schedule so
jthat the boxes for their patrons may
Ibe served at or about the same time
each day.
Tho greatest depth to which a sub
marine boat has descended and re
turned to the surface is 138 feet.
The Coffee Importers and Roasters are Attacking
POSTUM FOOD COFFEE
All Along the Line.
“THERE’S A REASON.”
Many people have found out the truth about old
fashioned coffee.
They have overcome disease caused by it.
The plan was easy and sure.
Quit Coffee and use Postum.
Proof with one’s self is stronger than any theory.
The Postum army grows by hundreds of thousands
yearly.
The old-fashioned Coffee Magnates are now derid
ing Postum through the papers.
Because their pocketbooks are hurt, they would
drive the people back to the old coffee slavery 7 .
One coffee prevaricator says: “It (Postum) has
lately been exposed and found to contain an excess
of very 7 ordinary coffee.”
Another that “it (Postum) is made from a small
amount of-parched peas, beans, wheat, dried sweet
potatoes, and paste of wheat middlings.”
Here’s to you, oh faithful followers of the tribe of
Ananias:
$100,000.00 CASH
will be deposited with any reputable trust company
(or a less amonnt if desired) against a like amount
by any coffee roaster or dealer. If the charges prove
true we lose, if not we take the money as partial
liquidation for the infkinous insult to our business.
The Postum Pure Food factories are the largest in
the world, the business having been built upon abso
lutely pure food products, made on scientific lines,
"for a reason” and the plain unvarnished truth told
every day and all the time. These factories are visited
bv thousands of people every month. They are shown
into every cranny and examine every ingredient and
ONLY ONE LIFE TO FIVE
That’s the Reason Why
everybody
should get the most out of life that they can. The place to
get it is in the Home, and
in User lagazire
comes every month in the year and tells you
'How to Build a Home
How to Make a Garden Around It
How to Live In It
How to Entertain In It
How to Enjoy Life In It
Some of the regular departments of the magazine are
The Home Garden Music in the Home Hints to Homemakers
The Home Study Health in the home Home Etiquette
Home Cooking Little Folks in the Home Home Cheer
Entertaining in the Home
AXU REMEMBER ■■ —...
It isn’t made with a scissors and a paste pot. There’s good “grey matter”
goes into every page of it. There’s human sympathy in every line of it. There s
originality and genuine good hard common sense all through it. It don’t under
i take to tell you how to be happy on a million a year, but it does tell you how
to be happy on the modest income that so many millions live on who don t
have a million a year to spend. And the magazine cost
10c. for One Whole Year—That’s All
And it’s worth ten dollars for its good suggestions about life and health and
homemaking.
Send your dime or five two-cent stamps to
MAXWELL’S HOMEMAKER MAGAZINE,
1409 Fisher Building, CHICAGO.
immmmmu =a——■——————— jb 1 ————*
9 He Has Thrown Away His Bottles and Scales i
\ and uses the N. P. C. C. Photographic
Preparations only. ** We do the
weighing and you add the water j
\ METOL-HYDRO DEVELOPER
N. P. C. C. The old standby. 25 cents for six 1
DEVELOPER tubes, making up the same amount of ;
and will not stain the developer. j
>r six tubes,sufficient IM. P. C. C. SEPIA TOIMEK
loperfor Velox, Cyko, Black and white prints on developed '
leveloping papers, or paper may be re-developed at any time
r film developer. to a perfect sepia. 25 cents for six tubes. ,
. PHOTOGRAPHIC CHEMICAL COMPANY
nrt Pa. Aye. Washington^,D« C.
- --- - l
process. Each visitor sees Postum made of diffe.
parts of the wheat berry treated by different mechan
ical methods and one part blended with a small part
of pure Xew Orleans molasses. So he knows Postum
contains not one thing in the world but Wheat and
New Orleans molasses. It took more than a year of
experimenting to perfect the processes and learn how
to develop the diastase and properly treat the other
elements in the wheat to produce the coffee-like flavor
that makes suspicious people “wonder.” But there
never has been one grain of old-fashioned or drug
coffee in Postum and never will be.
Another thing, we have on file in our general offices
the original of every testimonial letter we have ever
published. We submit that our attitude regarding
coffee is now and always has been absolutely fair. If
one wants a stimulant and can digest coffee and it
does not set up any sort of physical ailment, drink it.
But. if coffee overtaxes and weakens the heart (and
it does with some).
Or if it sets up disease of the stomach and towels
(and it does with some).
Or if it causes weak eyes (and it does with' some).
Or if it causes nervous prostration (and it does
with many).
Then good plain old-fashioned common sense might
(without asking permission of coffee merchants) sug
gest to quit putting caffeine (the drug of coffee) into
a highly organized human body, for health is really
wealth and the happiest sort of wealth.
Then if one’s own best interest urges him to study
into the reason and “There’s a reason.” he will un
earth great big facts that all of the sophistries ths
coffee importers and roasters cannot refute. y
