Newspaper Page Text
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{The Conquest of the Pole j
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V ,
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J By Dr. FREDERICK A. COOK *
* Copyright, 1909, by the New York "
* Herald Company. Registered In «
J Canada In Accordance With Copy- j
* ri|ht Act. Copyright in Mex- <
* ico Under Laws of the Republic *
4. of Mexico. All Rights Reserved •
o •:
4 • 4-o + *
ON snow-shoes and with spread
legs I led the way. The sleds j
with light loads followed. The
surface vibrated as we moved 1
along, hut the spiked handle of the ice
»s did not easily pass througfi. For
about two miles we walked witli an
easy trend and considerable anxiety,
but we had all been on similar ice he
fore and we knew that with a ready
line and careful watchfulness there
X' :u$ no great danger. A cold hath,
however, lu that temperature, forty I
degrees below, could have had some
serious consequences. Iu two crossings J
all our supplies were safely landed on
the north shores, and from there the
lead had a more picturesque effect.
For a time (tbs huge separation in
the pack was a mystery to me. At
first sigh! I here seemed to la* 110 good
reason for its existence. I’earv had
found a similar break north of Kobe
son channel. It seemed likely that
what we saw was an extension of the
same lead following at a distance the 1
general irend of Die nor! hern most land
extension.
'this is precisely what one finds on
a smaller scale wherever two ice packs
come together. Here we have the pack
of the central polar sea meeting t lie
land ice. The movement of the land
pack is intermittent and usually along |
the coast. The shallows, grounded ice 1
and projecting points Interfere with a
steady drift. The movement Os Ihe
central pack is quite constant and al
most in every direction.
The tides, the currents and the
winds each give momentum to the
fioating mass. This lead is the break
ing line between ilie I wo bodi< s of ice.
It vvidens as rlie* pack separates, nar
rows or widens with an easterly or j
westerly drift, according to tin* pres
sure of the central pack linrly in]
fca.i ... ■■■ ■
; r '%& ■ v*•>
J'. •> #;
*CSPrwi*M-F iku'X g . 0.. •V-m-i* «t»oiviic.
A BAD PRESSURE ANGLE.
the season when the park is little ere- |
vassed and not elastic it is probably j
wide: later, as the entire sea of ice j
becomes active, it may disappear ot
shift to a line nearer the land.
New Ice Stops Drift.
In low temperature new ice forms
rapidly, and this offers an obstruction |
to tlie drift of the old ice. As the
heavy central ice is pressed against
tlie unyielding laud pack the small ice
Is ground up. anti even heavy floes are
crushed. This reduced mass of small
Ice is pasted and cemented along the
shores of the big lead, leaving a broad
band of troublesome surface as a s**ri
oils barrier to sled travel. it seems
quite likely that tills lead or a condi
tion similar to it. extends entirely
around the polar sea as a buffer be
tween tlie land and the middle pack.
With the big lead and its many pos
sibilities for troublesome delay behind,
a course was sel to reach tin* elghty
tifth parallel on the ninety-seventh
meridian. What little movement was
noted on the ice had been easterly,
and to allow for this drift we aimed
to keep a lino slightly west of the
pole.
The wind was not a troublesome fac
tor as we forged along for tlie lirsi day
over this central pack After a run of
eleven hours the |>e(lomelor registered
twenty-three miles, hut we hg.-l taken
a zigzag course and therefore only
placed seventeen miles to our credit.
Tbe night was beautiful. The sun
sank into a purple haze, and soon there
appeared three sun's in prismatic col
ors. and these soon settled into Un
frozen sen. Iniririg the night a liar
row band of orange brightened the
northern skies, while tlie pack surface
glowed in magnificent shades of violet
and lilac and pale purple blue.
Land Cloudt Still Visible.
Satisfactory observations at noon on
March L’-i gate our |»>siiiou as latitude
W degrees :ji minutes. longitude ;m;
degrees L’T minutes. The land clouds
of Grant I-and were still visible, and
a low bank of mist in the west occa
sionally brightened, offering an outline
suggestive of land. Tills we believed
to tie Crocker Land, but mist persist
ently screened the horizon and did not
offer an opportunity to study tlie con
tour.
Until midday the time was used for
observations and a study of tlie land
conditions. Tbe dogs sniffed tin- air as
if scenting game, but after a diligent
]
w
+ +
.• The Big Lead—An Arctic *
• Hurricane Narrow Es- •
+ cape From Death When •
J Ice Parted *
• ISfcVKNTH ARTICLE! +
4* •
• V •*:*•■!•• 4* • *:• • 4* • 4* •*!*••:•• 4* • 4* • 4*4*
search one seal blowhole was found
j and an old bear track, but no alga or
! other small life was detected in the 1
, water of ihe crevices. ,\t the big lead ;
a few algae were gathered, bill here
the,sea was sterile. The signs of seal
and hear, however, were encouraging
for a possible food supply. In return
ing tile season would he more advanc
ed. and 1 lie life might move north
ward, ilius permitting an extension of
the time allowance of oitr rations.
Though rhe heat of the sun was j
\ barely felt, its rays began to pierce ■
the eye vvilli painful effects The
] bright light. Iwiug reflected from the
sputless surface of the storm driven
snows, could not long Lie endured even 1
by the F.skimos without some protec j
lion. The amber colored goggles that j
we had made at Auuootok from the j
glass of ihe photographic supplies flow j
pric.cd a priceless discovery. 'They
1 effectually removed one of ihe greatest
torments to a retie travel.
Tin* darkened or smoky glasses, blue
glasses and ordinary automobile gug- j
g|es had all been tried with indifferent [
results. They failed for one reason or
ai it her. mostly because of an insiif
i fii ient range of vision or a faulty con
si r lotion, making it Impossible lo pro
cecil more than a few miniiles xv i I limit
removing the accumulated coudensa* I
I lion.
Relief In Amber Glasies.
This imulilc was entirely eliminated
In our goggles. The amber glass
| screened only the active rays which
Injure ye. but did not interfere
] with the range of vision. Indeed, the
j eye. relieved of ihe snow glare, was
better enabled I<> sec distant object*
than through fleldglnsses. it is fro-J
qiienily iimst diffieult to delect icy j
1 irregularities on cloudy days. The
j amber glass also dispels this trouble
(>.*i*f»-<-l ly, t-ii.itiling the »*\«* to *<*;iirti
carefully fvery im<>k and <T«*vk'<- |
through tin* vitgiu* in<-aiKl<**<-eiK'«*
which liliiuijs tin* ol>s«*rx**r in hazy
w»*alht‘i\ Th«- siml«*r glass therefor.-
rod lues nut Iho quantity of light, a* j
ill. smoky glassos, imt t tie quality
Wo h i-it not only roliovod -if l In- pain
anil fatigllo of sfioxi glaro. tun tho
author color gavo a touch of dicer and j
xvKt'inlli to our chilled horizon of hlur* j
So tliorotighly were wo in lov** with!
these goggles ttiai later tliey wore !
worn while asleep, with the double j
object of screening Ihe strong light i
which passes through the eyelids x i.d
also to keep the.forehead warm.
On lhis iiimrcli in the early part of
Hi** afternoon tlie weather firo.ei! good 1
aml tlie he. though newly i-iexasseU
improved as we advanced i lie tute ;
start spread our day's work close to (
tin; chill of midnight, and before we
Wert* quite ready to camp there were
signs of another gale from tlie west. !
I.into sooty clouds with ragged edges ,
scurried along at an alarming pace,
and hevond a Inigo smoky hank black
ened lln* pearly glitter.
. Suitable camping ice was sought,
and in Ilie course of an hour an igloo !
was built. The siim-niii- was built !
stronger than usual. Double tiers of
snow blocks were placed to tin* wind
want and a little water was thrown .
over liie top to cement tin* I,locks.
The dogs wen- fastened to tlie let* of
hummocks, and the sleds were secure
ly lashed and fastened to the ice.
We expected a hurricane and had
not long to wait to taste of its hitters.
111-fore we were at rest in our hags
tin- wind brushed (lie snows with a
force inconceivable. The air thickened
with rushing drift. In a few moments
tin dogs and *lei|s were huried under i
banks of snow and great drifts eu
circled flit; igloo. The cemented blocks
of our dome withstood tie- sweep <d
tlie blast very well. Imt many small
holes were burrowed through the snow
wail, permitting some drift to enter.
Early in tin- morning, after a rush
(if but a few hour*, the Morin ceased
as suddenly a* it came and left a still •
la-*- which was appa-ling. The dogs
soon began to howl desperately, as if
attacked by a bear, and we rushed
out. seeking guns, hut there was no ;
approaeliing creature.
ft was a combined signal of distress
The storm driven snows bad lnirie<
a ai hound them in unyielding fro*'
THE MONTGOMERY MONITOR —Til FRIDAY <H 'T •>>. |oo<>.
! They had partly uncovered Ihemselves, !
j hut by trace and harness they were j
] frozen to hardened masses, so much
j so that few could rise and stretch,
which i« a sev ere torment to dogs aft
er a storm. We freed their traces,
J heat the cemented snows from their
furs with sticks, and their curling tails
and pointed nose* told of common grat
ltlld*.
A* we skirmished about for a little
stretch ourselves the sun rose over the
northern blue, Hashing the newly driv
en anew* in warm toues. The temper
amre during the storm rose to 211 he
low. lint now rhe thermometer sank
rapidly below 4<>. The west was si ill
*ruoky. and the weather did not seem
quite settled. It was too early to start,
so we disrobed again, slipped into the
! bags and sought a quiet slumber.
A few hours later we were rudely !
awakened by loud explosive noises,
booking a Unit, nothing unusual was
•elected about the igloo, ami a peep
through the eye port gave no cause -
for 1 Ite disturbance. It was concluded
that the ice was cracking from 1 In
sudden change of temperature lu quite
the usual harmless maimer, and vve
j turned over to prolong the bug com
i forts.
Thou there came a series of tliuii j
deting noises, with which the h-e quiv
p.red. Atiwelab arose and said that ,
the house was breaking. 1 turned to j
j rise aud sank Into a newly formed
I crevasse, which up to that moment was
! bridged by snow. A man in a bag Is a I
I helpless creature, aud xvitli water be j
; low and tumbling blocks of snow from
above pressing one deeper and deeper
the ease was far from humorous at a
j temperature of 4S below.
Still, the hoys laughed heartily. Their j
i hands, however, were quickly occu
pied. Altwelah grabbed my bag and :
rolled me over on snow of doubtful
security. They then slipped into furs
with electric quickness and tossed tlie
tilings out on safe ice.
In the eitreiue cold the water froze
i in slieeis about the hag. and when the
ice was beaten off the reindeer skin
was. to my pleasure, found quite dry.
A few moments more of sleep and vve
might all have found a resiiug plane
In ttie chilling deep. That experience
kept ns ever waftelifpl for the dangers
of tlie spreading ice in all calms after
storm*.
{ The ice about was much disturbed.'
{ and numerous black linos of water
opened ou every side, from which 1
potted jet* iif frosty steam. The great
difference between the temperature of
tlie sea and that of the air made a
contrast of T'l degrees, and tin* open
Spot * of he water appeared in be boil
lug.
Anxious to move along away from
the troubled angle of ice. the usual j
breakfast was simplified. Melting some ;
snow, we poured down the ley liquid
tis an eye opener aud then began at
• (lie half pound bowlder of pemrnican
j lint willi cold fingers, blue lip* and im
possible shelter the sniff was unusual
!y hard.
To warm up the sleds were prepared,
and under Ihe lash tin* dogs jumped
into harness with a bound The pom
mican, somewhat reduced with the ax
was ground under the molars as wc
went along. The teeth were thus
kept from chattering, and the stomach
was fired with durable fuel.
As vve advanced ilie ice Improved to
some extent, and w ith a little search,
a safe crossing was found over all of
I the new crevice*, though a strong west
| e-fly wind carried n piercing cold
Good progress was mode, hid vve were
not allowed to forget at naiv time that
I we were invading Ilie forbidden do
mains of polar environment.
Th« Bitter Cold.
.1 In starling before the end of the
winter hjgl.il and camping on Ilie open]
he fields in the long northward march j
we had first accustomed our eyes to a ■
j frigid darkness and then to a perpetu ;
i »! glitter w iili shivers. This proved to j
! lie the coldest season of the year We
should have been hardened to all kinds
j of arctic torment, hut man only gains
that altvaniage when ihe pulse ceases
to treat.
Far from land, far from oilier life,
j there was nothing to arouse a warm- j
lug spirit. Along tlie land there had
been calm* and gales aud an inspiring j
. contrast, even in tlie dark days and ]
night*, but here the frigid world vva* !
felt at it* worst. The wind, which j
came persistently from the west now
■ strong, now feeble, but always sharp
j mulcted a pain to which vve never be
came accustomed.
The kind of torture most fell in this
wind and humid air of an arctic pack I
wax a picturesque mask of ice about
; the face. Every bit of exhaled iikilh
: lure condensed and froze either to the j
facial hair or to the lino of fox tails
i about tlie hood. It made a comical
caricature of us.
The frequent turns Jn this course
brought both sides to the wind and
arranged a line of icicles from every
hair offering a convenient nucleus.
These line* of crystal* offered a pleas
lug dash of light and color as we
looked at each other, but they did toil
afford milch amusement to the bid!
vidua! exhibiting them. Such hairs as
had not lereu pulled from tlie lips and
the cl do were first weighted, and then
the wind carried Hie breath to tie* long
hair with which we protected mu
heads atul left a mass of dangling
fro* 1.
An Icy Coating.
Accumulated ninlsiure from the eyes
coaled the eyelashes and brows. The
humidity escaping about the forehead
left a crescent of snow above, while
that escaping under the* chin, combined
with falling breath, made a semicircle
of ice. The most uncomfortable icicles,
however, were those that had forties!
on the coarse hair within the nostrils
It is to free the face of this kind of
decoration that the Eskimos puli the
facial hair out by the roots
i I.4‘ontiuued 0.1 opposite page; 1
I A
RARE OPPORTUNITY
is olVcrod to the
Sick and Suffering
of our (Jonnmiuity.
Ik'iid, KHloct and Act
Carefully, t Imrouijlily, necordiugly
Visiting Specialists
from I lie
('lovcland Instil ute of
Medicine and
Surge iv,
I 1 ait'll!lv chartered A' incorporated, ,
CLEVELAND, OHIO,
w ill pay l-heir lirat visit to
Mould Vernon, ( »a.,
ami will he at,
11 old Iliggs,
Monday, Nov. Ist.
TELL VOl R SK'K FRIENDS.
ONE DAY ONLY.
8 A. M. TO 0 1\ I
FREE
M
This Institute, composed of a grouo of
regularly graduated physicians ana sur- ,
geons, licensed, lega l ';' chartered and In
corporated under the laws of the State
of Ohio, sends at Its own expense these
; eminent medical specialists in order to
! Introduce the newest nethods and dis
coveries In medicine and surgery, such as :
| the system of treatment under X ray, '
Violet ray, Flnsen ray, Hydrotherapy,
Etc., to give to those who call on the
above date, consultation, examination, i
advice and all medicines required to corn- j
plete a cure, absolutely free. These spe
cialists will diagnose your case and give
you the benefit of their skill and med
ical knowledge.
There is In this case no experimenting
or guess work at your expense. >ou will
be told whether you can be cured or not.
If your case Is curable they will put you 1
under treatment Immediately; If lucura- j
ble they will give you such advice as
may prolong your life. Their treatment
I always gives quick relief, and ultimately
positively cures. Being prepared to cope ;
with each Individual case the human sys- |
tern Is thoroughly cleansed of the dls- I
ease In a natural and direct manner, and -
Improvement Is noticed at once; even
the worst cases are treated without any
Inconvenience to the patient or' tfhe pur
suing of his or her dally vocation.
If you are Improving under your family
physician, do not come and take up their
valuable time, as they absolutely refuse
to treat any one who Is under* the care
of the local physicians. They wish be
sides to give each patient plenty of time
and their undivided attention, but can
not listen to long stories not pertaining
to your trouble. They have discarded the
old methods and remedies used for ages
by the medical world, and which It would ,
be folly to depend upon any longer, for
they are not known to cure, as thousands
die, depending on them for relief. The
following list of diseases only are taken
; under treatment, to-wit: Diseases of the
Nervous System, Heart, Stomach, Lungs. (
Kidneys, Catarrh, (purulent or dry), !
1 Consumption, Epilepsy, Deafness, Dls- |
eases of Women,Tumors,Pseudo Cancers, ;
Plies, of a Chronic Nature only. They j
treat Deafness by an entirely new meth
od, and hearing In many cases Is restored
at once. Catarrh In all Its varied forms, I
like other diseases If once taken under ‘
treatment/ Is cui .d permanently to re- j
1 main so and to never return. It matters
. not whom you have seen, or with whom
j treated, do not fall to call, as a visit will
cost you nothing, and may restore you to
health, or even save or prolong your life,
as thousands of persona will testify by
unassailable testimonials In all parts of
the country. If you suspect Kidney Trou
ble, bQjng a two ounce bottle of your
! Urine for chemical and microscopical an
alysis.
i REMEMBER:—The free offer Is during
this visit only, and will not be repeated.
Persona commencing treatment upon
their future visits will be required to
pay, but not one cent will be asked from
those commencing treatment during this
| visit for any medicine necessary to es- *
feet a cure, Irrespective of your position
In life, or the number of those who come
on above date Whensoever, or by whom
wanted, a positive guarantee to cure will
be given under their system of treat
ment. Those having long standing and
complicated disease, who have failed to
get well and become discouraged, are
particularly Invited to call.
NOTICE: Married ladies without
their HUSBANDS, and minors without
their FATHERS, will positively not be
admitted to consultation unless accom
panied by one of their local physicians.
Office Hours: 9 A. M. to 7:30 P. M.
DON’T FORGET THE DATE.
Monday, November I*l,.
Cal! for Dr. I Joy k in.
A. L. I.miiiT,
Attorney ut Law,
MT. VERNON, (.A.
. Will I'ruct iee in til! 1 lie Courts of
j tin; Suite.
I The BANK OF SOPERTON !
|
| Capital Stock, *1.>,000.00
Surplus and undivided
protits 8(>,500.()0
| Total resources over *100,000.00 ;j;
8 General Hanking Husinoßa Conducted. Accounts Solicited. c!
| Interest on Time Deposits
DIRECTORS:
| N. 1, Gillis, M. H. Gillis, J. It. O’Connor, W. 0. Kutrill, ij|
8 \V. 1). Martin, M. II Newsom, A..). William*.>n.
8 OFFICERS:
sj N. |„ (i ill in, President. .1. It. O’Conner, \ ice-President.
II J. K. Hull, CuMliior. ;;
| SOPEItTON, GEORGIA.
gg S
j 1 For It ESI' RESII.TN, Ship Your |?
1 cotton!
if THE JOHN |
I FLANNERY CO. |
| COTTON FACTORS |
?X SAVANNAtI, OA. {3
i I
THIRTY years expert experience ||
£? in selling cotton |a
i i
IIIGIIKST market, prices guaran- &
I te< ' d 1
LIIIERAL advances on consign- j|j
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I AC- business entrusted tons given
prompt attention j|j
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l 3
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► 3
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I Mcßae & Bro. ]
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We Imvp this Hum (ifcloo.OHO.IX)) to lend on Montgomery |
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