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About The Montgomery monitor. (Mt. Vernon, Montgomery County, Ga.) 1886-current | View Entire Issue (March 30, 1916)
Uses and Abuses of Fertilizers By Prof. R. J. H. De Loach, Director of Georgia Experiment Station. 1. THE USE OF COMMERCIAL FERTILIZERS—HISTORY. The First of a Series of Six Articles. We would not di: cd to try to Rive a complete history of the use of commercial fertilizer, hut only to show how this (treat Industry began and grew in th< Southern Unite!! Slates. Generally speaking, the farmers of this generation inherited the habit of applying fertilizers to soils, but have not been taught ihe underlying principles of the Industry. The use of some kind i manures on soils with crops for the purpose of in creasing the y.t-idr gfM hack to ancient times. We know that many ancient people applied animal manure to their soils for this purpose. The Chinese, centuries hi/i., apj>ii< •! manures of various kinds to their soils and gardens and with phenomenal ~.-ull In Von Tshudi’s Travels in Peru we find that as early as the middle of the last century notes were being taken on the actual value of Guano by the Peruvians. Housingault speaks of seeing fields In Peru on which wheat grew every year for two centuries, and ihe yield still high and the growers prosperous. The practice of using mineral fertilizers was Introduced direct from Pe ru to the United State, in the year 1846, and was based on such reports a we find shove li had already been used in England before it found Its way into the United States, but Peru seems to be the country In which the application of mineral.- to soils as plant food originated. We do not know lids Is (rue, but all evidence points to this. It Is of greater Interest to us therefore that we know about the customs In Peru. The First Use of Peruvian Guano. The first man In the Southern States to use this Peruvian guano was David Dickson, of Sparta, Ga., who aw an advertisement of It In the old Ameri can Farmer published in Baltimore. The South has perhaps never had a more stn ii ■ fill farmer than David Dixon, who made many millions of dollars farming, and who was a pioneer In many other lines as well as in the use of mineral fertilizers. In the year 1846, the year after it was intro duced Into the United St tiles, he bought three sacks and used it, and on find ing that it paid him, bought it in increasing quantities till the year 1855 and 1866, when he "went into it fully.” As is suggested above this is no doubt the first instance of the use of a concentrated mineral fertilizer on cotton in the United States The unlvei>'il ucce with which Mr. Dickson met In the use of this Pe ruvian guano led many other prominent farmers to follow his example, and In every reported case, success followed Its use. We are constrained to believe that the application of this mineral fertilizer to the cotton and other crops in Ihe South could not possibly have been an acci dent. Its success was unquestionably based on the actual needs of the soil. A quickly available manure was what the crop needed, and when this was once applied results were evident. After a time it wit: found that the Peruvian guano, which contained prin cipally nitrogen, produced too much stnlk and not much Increase In the yield of fruit, and lienee it> use was somewhat discouraged for a season. The First Use of German Potash. About this time the war between the States began, and at the same time the discovery of the potash beds of Germany, also, the offering on the market of various kinds of mineral fertilizers resulting from the teach ings of Von I.iehig of Germany, who was ut that time the greatest cham pion in the world of agriculture and Its possibilities. As a result the pop ularly of Peruvian guano subsided and more study was given to the gen eral question of the use ol mineral manures, both by farmers themselves flint the students of agriculture. Two great rontribullng factors to the rise of the fertilizer trade In the South are first the abolition of slavery, and second, the rise of agricul tural education He tore the war the question of land was secondary. If growing farm crop:; In the South “wore the land out,” there were plenty of slaves to "take in more land” It was cheaper to take in land than to pay for any artificial manure. In 1562, the Morrill Hill passed Congress, creating agricultural college: in the various states, after which there be gan a campaign for improving methods in agriculture. Experiments ut public expense were begun on a small scale, and the public was induced to make greater use of plain foods of all kinds, as well as to Improve methods of tillage. This, of com m, caused an immediate Increase In the use of min eral plant foods, and out of which grew demands for great quantities of fertilizers. From llii great demand there sprang up fertilizer factories in all parts of the country All kinds of materials were tried out, some was good, anil mm ■ was not, hut much of both kinds used. The factories had no restrictions and many of them palmed off on the farmers anything that would moll strong at.il that could be put in sacks. This condition on ac count of <t 'to law did not last long Wo begin the next article by giving a resume of tin pert taken In the rise of the trade by the states themselves. Sumter County Boys Presented with Pigs. Americus, Ga., March 27. Forty-five Sumter county hoys have been presented with a pig eaph by prominent people through County Demonstator J. G. Oliver. The boys will raise the thorough bred Duroc pi o s and rt'turn a portion of the profit to the man who presented the hog. After this contract is fulfilled the pig will become the property of the boy. Lankford’s Successor Appointed by Governor. Atlanta, Ga., March 28. — Governor Nat K. Harris Tuesday morning appointed Walter C. Bryan, judge of the city court of Douglas. CctTee county, to suc ceed .hidge W. C. Lankford, whoi recently resigned to make the race for Congress in the Eleventh congressional distriot. The appointment of Mr. Bryan is effective May 1 next and is for the unexpired term only. j SAFETY FIRST DEPOSITS INSURED IBANK OF UVALDA j Deposit your money with the Hank of j I valdti—the Hank that cares for its de- j « positors in all emergencies. I Bank by mail. We send 21 receipt for i | your deposit, placing: you at our door j Deposits are Insured Against Loss in this Bank ! BANK OF UVALDA| UVALDA, GA. | G. L GRIFFIN, Cashier j! New Road Notice. Georgia— Montgomery County. Office of Commissioners of Honda and Revenues Montgomery County, March 7, 1810. J. Is. Powell, A. Gill is, G. B Graham, A. A. Calhoun, Lester Gillia and others having applied for the opening and establishing of a new public road beginning at ; (.b land and running eastward t hrough the lands of \V. R. Green I way, E. G. Gillia, striking the line of K. G. Gillis and B. Green wav and following same to d cer tain pond, thence crossing E. G. Gillis’s land and mtersectii g with J E. Tharpe’s lane and the ] lane of Mrs. J. H. Davis, turning iat end of said lane and crossing | lands of Mrs. J. H. Davis and running through lands of W. I) I Martin, Mrs. J. B. Davis, estate of T. J. James, Jodie Powell, J D. Reynolds, P. E. and George Williams and J L). Wilson, and intersecting with the Orianna j and So per ton road on the east. And the reviewers appointed to l lay out and survey said road hav ing tiled their return, notice is hereby given that said road will be granted on the tirst Tuesday in May, IP It), if no good cause be shown to the contrary. Elijah Miller, Chm. Will. Jones, Clerk, C. C. THE MONTGOMERY MONITOR-THURSDAY, MARCH 30, 191*3 MANY DISORDERS ON THE BORDER ... ■ Mexicans Have Made Numerous Raids Into United States Ter ritory Recently. AMERICANS QUITE PATIENT But Soldiers Have Been Restive Un der Restraint Imposed—They Have Been Provoked Often by the Bniping Sharpshooters. Ever since the Mexican war there has been a disorder, more or less, along the International boundary line, which runs through sparsely settled j country, lending Itself well to the ex- I plolts of bravos. Since 1910 raids by Mexicans into the land of the hated Gringoes have been fairly numerous. Many Americans have been killed, al though nothing approaching the scale j of the present Columbus massacre is recorded. Three hundred Mexicans on Novem ber 15, 1910, attacked Marathon and Rock Springs, Tex. Cowboys gath ered to give battle and drove them back. At the same time sixty Mexi cans made a foray toward Marfa, Tex., and looted many ranches. There were numerous raids during the next four years, but few men were Involved and little damage was done. Not many of these incursions resulted in fights between Americans and the Invaders. During 1915 Mexican raiders became more daring and numerous. Despite the fact that American troops were stationed all along the border, the Mexicans slipped through the cordon and In some instances attacked Unit ed States soldiers. On August 6. 1915, Mexicans sacked Sebastian. Tex., 37 miles north of Brownsville, killed Al bert Austrian and his wife and wounded their son. Slaughtered Much Cattle. Eight days later Mexicans In,uni form crossed the border 15 miles west of Nogales. Ariz., and slaughtered many head of cattle. Cavalry and ranchers in automobiles went after the Invaderß, but failed to capture any. On the same day 80 men dashed into Texas at Laredo, looted several ranches and escaped after a fight with citizens. On August 15, 20 Mexicans slipped Into the United States at Mercedes. Tex. They were surrounded by armed Texans, and a squad of cavalry, losing several killed and wounding three Texans. Fifty United States soldiers and a score of Mexicans clashed at Progresso, Tex., on August 26, and the looters were repulsed. On September 1 two Americans were captured and slain by Mexicans, who Invaded the United States north of Brownsville. American soldiers at tacked the hand and killed one raider and wounded several others. Three days later cowboys and ranchers fought ofT bandits near Eonial, Tex., and one American de fender was slain. On the same day soldiers discovered a squad of Mexi cans near Brownsville, killed one and drove the rest across the boundary. Mexicans in uniform fired across the border but hit nobody. Mexicans Shot Soldier. On November 24, 25 Mexicans crossed the border near Nogales, Ariz., and shot an American soldier before they were driven back. There were also many Individual clashes between Mexicans and Ameri cans In border towns, while numerous Americans were killed In Mexico, the most extensive offense of the latter sort being the massacre of a score of American mining men near Chihuahua a few weeks ago. The other tnstance in which United States troops entered Mexican terri tory in pursuit of Mexican soldiers took place near Brownsville recently. Several soldiers were bathing in the Rio Grande and two of them were kidnaped by Mexican soldiers Com panions of the captured men crossed the boundary, armed, in pursuit of the captors, but later returned, the Americans having been released. The commander of this invasion is held for trial by court-martial. Several Ameri can soldiers were drowned In attempt ing to swim the river. MAY USE CHICAGO TAXICABS War Department Hai Offer of a Con alderable Number of Cara for Use in Mexico. Tart of the forces sent after "Pan ' Villa may use a fleet of taxicabs. If the war department accepts the of fer of a Chicago taxicab company. Cars sufficient to carry 1,000 men, with chauffeurs to operate the ma chines. have been placed at the dis ! pos&l of the government through John Hertz, general manager of the com pauy. Mr. Hertz sent the following tele gram to Adjutant General McCaine at Washington. "Some time ago we offered our en tire equipment of taxicabs to be useu for mobilizing troops We thought at this time 4 ou could use them on the , Mexican border for patrol and mob ilizing purposes All out chauffeurs have volunteered to drive and care for the cars If you can use the 2tH» cars and men please let us hear from you so that we can get them ready lor transput laliuu." FOR BETTER RURAL EDUCATION IN GEORGIA Conference on Rural Education to Be Held at University of Georgia During Week Beginning July 17. Athens, Ga. —The annual conference for rural education in Georgia is to be held at the University of Georgia at Athens during the week beginning with July 17. This will be during the Summer School that will be in session here. It will very appropriate ly fit in with the special emphasis which is being put on rural educa tion and vocational training at the Summer School this year. The coun ty superintendents wili be looked to for practical information about Geor gia problems. State Superintendent Brittain and others who know the conditions in this state will lead the thought of the meeting, w'hile specialists of higli standing like Hon. Thos. E. Fir.nne gan of New York state and represen tatives of the United States Bureau of Education will be looked to for inspirational talks and guidance out of their wide observation and study. During this conference the agricul tural club work among the boys and girls will come in for a large share of discussion, with a view to increas ing the effectiveness and numbers of these clubs. The part which the school can play not only in boys and girls clubs but in the home econo mics work contemplated by the Smith-Lever bill, will be presented by the leaders now directing the work in the state. In the courses offered at the Sum mer School of the University of Geor gia increasing attention is given to making rural teaching more effective not only in aligning the schools with agricultural club work but in fitting the rural teacher to teach agricul ture In an intelligent and interesting way; in preparing them for teaching handicraft as represented by draw ing, basketery and manual training; in qualifying them to present the fun damentals of home economics with respect to food values, cooking, sew ing, etc. GEORGIA'S SOMMER SCHOOL TO UTILIZE NORMAL SCHOOL Rapid Growth of School for Teachers Makes Additional Quarters Neces sary—Large Open-Air Audi torium to be Constructed. Athens, Ga. —It is announced that the summer school of the University of Georgia has obtained the use of the State Normal School of Athens in addition to the use of the University, in order to accommodate the increase in attendance of. students. The Nor mal School will be used for instruct ing teachers in primary work. The institution affords splendid equipment for this by reason of its practice school work. The Normal School dormitories and facilities in general will be at the disposal of the Dean Wooster in housing the large num ber of Georgia school teachers. In addition to utilizing the Normal School, a special open-air auditorium is being erected to accommodate the general assembly of the students and faculty. Heretofore the chapel of tlie University has been used but its ca pacity will be overtaxed, and the need of a more open structure for the sum mer night lectures and entertain ments has been felt. The registration of students who are to attend the summer school of the University of Georgia, will be held at two places this year, those taking the primary work registering at the Normal School and those taking oth er school work, at Peabody Hall on the University campus. COTTON GRADING COURSE OFFERED AT UNIVERSITY Co-incident with the teachers’ sum mer school at the University of Geor gia, and as a part of the summer work if the College of Agriculture of work of the College of Agriculture cotton grading course. This work has been given for several years, and has proven very practical. The course is largely drills in actual cotton grad ing. The standards established by the United States government are used and under the direction of Prof. Hast, the cotton expert in charge, ef ficient cotton graders have been turn ed out in a month's time, who have been able to go into warehouses and render satisfactory service. Like oth er courses offered there is no tuition charged, other than a five dollar in; tiation fee to cover samples and ma terials used. - TEACHERS CERTIFICATES IN GEORGIA. About 5,000 "bite teachers in Geor gia hold first grade teachers certi ficates, about 2,000 second grade certificates and about 1,000 third grade certificates. Those who advance from the lower to the higher grades and thereby command larger salaries, find the summer school their led means. In fact the summer schec-is of the country have become practical ly the one means which teuche:s are able to utilize for their advancement. Each year sees the number of teach ers enrolled in summer schools in creased. j§ OMi&®:OM || I LOCAL - PERSONAL I I —: ——— -77——r— — M 0 '&l030I& r M‘M Qi Mr. W. A. Johnson of Long pond, one of Montgomery’s most practical farmers, was here on Monday morning. Mr. Will Sumner of Erick, brother of Mrs. C. B. Cummings here, spent Sunday in Mt, Vernon. Mr. and Mrs. H. B. Folsom, and Mr. and Mrs. D. W. Folsom went, down to Vidalia Friday af ternoon to see the great film showing Georgia’s varied re sources. Capt. M. D. Hughes was a member of the party. Col. and Mrs. J. B. Geiger were shopping in Vidalia Friday after noon. Fancy Groceries that measure up to the highest standard of purity and freshness. O. H. \ Morrison, Mt. Vernon. Messrs. Harry Geiger, Troy! Mason and John Stanford, three* of Mt. Vernon’s most available young men, matrimonially speak ing, were casting “sheep’s eyes” at Soperton maidens Sunday. Mr. A. W. Mobley, farming at Longpond, was a visitor to our office Thursday. Mr. D. J. Mcßae of Mcßae was among relatives and friends here last week. Miss Anna Morrison visited friends at Alston last week. Prof. B. A. Walker, in charge of the Alston school, was a visitor here Saturday. Messrs. Thompson and Patter son, citizens of Alamo, were visi tors here Monday. Fresh Meats, the choicest, can be found at 0. H. Morrison’s, Mt. Vernon. Mr. H. H. Johnson of Longpond was a visitor here Monday. Mr. and Mrs. D. A. Mcßae went up to Atlanta Sunday for a few days. Rev. J. B. Blackwell has re turned to Mt. Vernon after an extended visit to points in Flori da. Whether your boy or your girl is a participant in the county school contest or not, bring them to Mt. Vernon on April 28, that they may learn a great object lesson and enjoy the day. The Use of Time. A great artist was strolling along the street one day, seeking inspiration for a painting, when he saw a beautiful child playing in the road. The inspiration was found. The little boy, with big blue eyes and golden hair, was the most beautiful the artist had ever seen. The boy was the son of very poor parents. The artist arranged to paint a pic ture of the wonderfully beautiful face. Years later, as he gazed on the painting of the blue eyes and golden hair, he decided to paint a contrast to it. In the park, on a bench, he found his subject, a tramp with the most repulsive face he had ever seen, and he arranged with this model for sittings. Finally the painting was com pleted. The tramp looked at it, tired and ashamed. Then the artist brought out the picture of the child’s face and placed it be i side of the one just completed. | The tramp uttered an exclama tion of surprise. “You wouldn’t think,” the artist thoughtfully remarked, “that God would make such a big difference in faces.” The tramp stepped to the pic tures and pointing with his grimy finger said: “God doesn’t. He made this beautiful boy; I, with the help of modern society, made this man; for both of these paintings are of —me!” —The Mystic Worker. Dr. M. Morrison of Glen wood was a visitor here Monday fore noon. Cashier J. E. Hall of the Bank of Soperton was a visitor here Monday. Col. and Mrs. A. B. Hutcheson and daughter, Miss Carol, visited Soperton Sunday, returning in time for Sunday school in the afternoon. Mr. John M. D. McGregor of Ailey attended preaching service here Sunday morning. Miss Juanita Fountain of Vi dalia visited relatives here during the chautauqua. Mr. T. H. Cockfield, traveling out of Savannah, was here over Sunday with his parents. Miss Mattie Mcßride, who has been teaching at Stuckey, has returned home, the term being completed. Mr. W. T. Stuckey of Glen wood, spent Sunday with friends here. Though somewhat indisposed, Rev. C. E. Cook filled his ap pointment at Glenwood Sunday morning. Hot Lunches served at all hours. No delay in getting what you order and no unpleasant recollec tions. At my place you eat the best and most wholesome. O. H. Morrison, Mt. Vernon, Ga. Mr. and Mrs. Willie Jones spent Saturday and Sunday with relatives and friends in Dublin. Work on the store house of Mr. J. W. Morrison is progress ing rapidly, and the building will be finished in a few days. Col. G. W. Lankford of Lyons was here on business yesterday morning. The residence of Mr. Thos. J. | Mcßae was destroyed at Mcßae last Wednesday morning. The greater part of the furniture was saved. The Montgomery county friends of Mr. and Mrs. Mcßae regret their loss. The dwelling was insured. Rev. J. D. Rabun of Lyons was a visitor here yesterday among former parishioners and friends. The Tin Can Peril. The United States public health service suggests that when we throw away an empty tin can we should take the pre caution to punch a hole in the bottom of it, so that it cannot hold rain water. This counsel anticipates the mosquito-breed ing season. —The Providence Journal. Early Velvet Beans. I have for sale Early Speckled Velvet Beans. This kind makes vines equal to old kind. Good sound seed $2.00 per bushel. D. S. Williamson, Uvalda, Ga. Cut Your Store Bill Down One Half Tens of thousands of farmers as well as town and city folks cut down their store bills one-half last year and saved money in spite of generally short crops and re duced wages. Absolutely millions of dollars were saved and countless families lived better than ever before in the face of the cotton crisis and general business depression. How were these burdensome store bills cut down? By the real money-saving power of good home gardens, rightly planted and kept planted and tended through the season. Hastings 1916 Seed Catalogue tells how to cut store bills down; telLs about gar den and farm seeds of kinds and a qual ity that cannot be bought from your mer chant or druggist. It’s full of garden and farm information. It’s free if you ask for it. Write for it now. H. G. HASTINGS CO . Atlanta. Ga. —(Advt.)
