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MARKETING ALFALFA PRESENTS
SEVERAL DIFFICULT PROBLEMS
fMT'V'T („ '< v', v. -'' V* i v *■* ; N ' /, ' v v . v
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A Healthy Looking Pork Family in an Alfalfa Field.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
The irrigated areas of the south
western United States can produce a
high market grade of alfalfa hay, but
there are several difficult problems
that must be solved in order profita
bly to market the hay, say specialists
of the bureau of markets and crop es
timates, United States Department of
Agriculture.
Method of Baling.
The first step which has a direct
bearing upon the marketing of alfal
fa is baling. The rainfall in the South
west is exceedingly light during the
hay-making season, and for this rea
son much of the hay Is baled out of
the windrow or cock.
When hay is baled from the wind
row in sufficiently green state to save
all the leaves, it cannot be pressed
tightly beciluse of the danger of
heating, and shippers therefore fre
quently experience considerable diffi
culty in loading cars with the mini
mum weight for which they pay
charges. Hay which has been stacked
and allowed to dry can he baled more
compact, but in baling stack hay many
of the leaves shatter because of the
dryness. According to the application
by many inspectors of the present
grade rules, this hay is of a lower
grade than when the leaves cling to
the stems, notwithstanding the fact
ttiat the leaves may be contained in
the bale.
Sources of Trouble.
Bleached hay, together with weeds,
causes considerable trouble in mar
keting alfalfa. It Is well known that
alfalfa hay bleaches quickly when ex
posed to bright sunlight, but there is
a wide difference of opinion as to just
the amount of nutrient that is lost
in bleaching.
Commercial grade rules, however,
are based in part upon this factor.
Producers and shippers in these sec
tions contend that too much weight is
given' the color factor in the present
commercial grades for alfalfa and not
-sufficient weight to its feeding value.
From investigations recently made
by the bureau of markets and crop
estimates, it appears that when the
present grading rules are rigidly and
technically applied, as Is frequently
the case on declining markets, it is
impossible under the most ideal condi
tions to produce “choice” grade alfal
fa.
The presence of a weed, a blade of
grass or of a bleached stein will pre
vent a bale from grading “choice,” and
it is practically impossible to obtain
hay which is entirely clear of any of
these things. Considerable hay is
bought and sold on this grade, how
ever, but the use of it, and sometimes
I
■ 1
FIX FARM INCOME BY
VOLUME OF BUSINESS
Must Be Margin Above Annual
Maintenance Charge.
Size of Business Is Most Important
Factor to Be Considered in Select
ing a Place—Three Things
to Remember.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
It requires a farm business of at
least fair size to provide an income
that will merely cover maintenance
charges and these charges are
relatively higher for small farms
than for large Ones, say special
ists of the United States Department
of Agriculture. A farm may be of
such size as to furnish most living
nejeds of the farmer, such as vege
tables and fruits, as well as enough in
cmne to pay the taxes and running
expenses, but unless there is a mar
gin above this annual maintenance
charge no progress can be made to
ward accumulating a surplus.
This point is often overlooked, and
thousands of men fail to understand
why they do not get ahead faster,
when, as a matter of fact, the
size of their business is such
that there is only a slight pos
sibility of any margin being left after
obtaining a bare liilng and paying
absolutely necessary running ex
penses. Often tbe income is insuffi
cient even to do.tnis, and the farmer
and his family have to go without
some of the comforts of life.
Thus it is that the size of the farm
business is one of the most impor
tant, if not the most important, factor .
to be considered in selecting a farm, i
In determining the value of a farm
in this regard it is essential, special- I
ists say, to make sure of three things: ,
That you have an opportunity; that |
Is, make sure that the desired volume ■ i
also of the grade No. 1 causes the ship
per a heavy loss.
The specialists believe that commer
cial grades for any kind of bay should
be made so that the physical limita
tions in production and preparation
will be properly recognized, and that
such grades should lie uniformly ap
plied, and not influenced whatever by
the state of the market.
Causes of Wide Margins.
Most shippers in the irrigated sec
tions seem willing to handle hay at a
gross profit of $1 per ton if the chance
of losses on account of rejections
could be eliminated. The rejections
are almost always based upon the
claim that the hay is not up to grade,
hut occur almost entirely upon a de
clining market. With only the meager
protection against this practice and
resultant loss, furnished by inspection
services maintained by the trade or
ganizations of the various markets,
he is compelled to raise his margin of
gross profit to $2 or $3 per ton.
When the producer notes the wide
difference between the price which he
has received for his hay and the price
quoted at the adjacent market, he
feels that the shipper or dealer is tak
ing advantage of him and is making
too large a profit. The producer’s de
sire to share in this supposedly large
profit is one of the principal causes
of the co-operative wave that is now
agitating southwestern alfalfa grow
ers. When tills desire is stimulated by
an enthusiastic, prospective manager
it seems to be not a very difficult mat
ter to form an organization of pro
ducers to ship and market hay.
Co-operative Marketing Association.
Co-operative market associations
can no doubt market their own hay as
advantageously as the individual ship
per, provided their manager is as well
trained and possesses equal experience
and business ability, but they are sure
to meet the same marketing difficul
ties, and will have just as many rejec
tions and losses which must be de
ducted from the proceeds of their
sales.
Many of the irrigated sections of
the Southwest do not ship more than
from 2,000 to 3,000 cars of hay each
year and this business is in some in
stances divided between two or three
shippers, who also conduct other busi
nesses In connection, thus greatly re
ducing overhead expenses. Co-opera
tive shipping associations are being or
ganized in several of these projects.
The cure for the present marketing
difficulties in the alfalfa sections of
the Southwest would seem to he along
the line of better standards and their
impartial applications, say the market
ing specialists.
I
of business is at least potentially
present, as evidenced by tillable land
or by markets for Intensive crops on
small areas.
That the volume of business can be
achieved by economical methods.
That the volume of business that
can be conducted on the farm is such
that It will yield an income large
enough to provide a comfortable mar
gin, after paying the absolutely nec
essary expenses of operation and pro
viding an adequate living for the
farmer and his family, for saving or
future demands.
DAIRY COWS LIKE VARIETY
Few Speckled Apples, Beets, Carrots
and Other Worthless Foodstuffs
Are Delicacies.
A dairy cow appreciates variety in
her ration almost as much as does a
human being. Hay, grain and silage
are good and certainly should consti
tute the main part of the ration. But
a few speckled apples, beets, carrots,
small potatoes, and other worthless
foodstuffs all are delicacies to the
cow. The dairyman who thinks of
his cows in this way. riot only keeps
them in flourishing condition, but is
repaid immediately by an Increase in
milk yield.
STAR BOARDERS NOT WANTED
If Milk Flow Is to Be Kept Up Cow
Must Be Persistent—Other
wise Discard Her.
The cow that milks heavily for a
short time or for four or five or six
months and then drops off, perhaps
entirely drying up, is never to be seri
ously considered when annual records
are being aoroputed. Naturally if
one Is to keep up the milk flow he
must have a cow persistent In her
makeup. If she proves otherwise, it
is probable that she belongs to the
class of star boarders that have no
place on any dairy farm where busi
ness methods axe practiced.
THE MONTGOMERY MONITOR. MT. VERNON. GEORGIA.
GOOD
ROADS
BUILDING FEDERAL HIGHWAYS
Mileage Nearly Sufficient to Encircle
the Globe When Construction
Is Finished.
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
Os the 22,030 miles of federal-aid
roads which have been built or are
now under construction, more than
two-thirds are earth roads, sand-clay,
or gravel, says the chief of bureau of
public roads, United States Depart
ment of Agriculture. Tiles';, have cost
less than one-third of the- »ond amount
expended as compared with nearly 30
per cent of the estimated eftst applied
to 4,800 miles of hard-surft»cod roads.
A stud” of local conditions by an
engineer of the bureau is necessary
before a road project may receive
federal aid.
The type of road to he used and the
most suitable surface with respect to
the traffic of the locality must he de
termined. Service must be satisfac
tory, while costs must be kept low,
both for building and maintenance.
There must be a careful analysis both
of the engineering and economic con
ditions for each particular project.
There are individual considerations in
every case which affect the determi
nation as to the best type of road ma
terials for that locality.
The mileage of federal-aid roads
which have been built or are now un
der construction is nearly sufficient to
encircle the globe. This is the record
of work accomplished since July, 1010.
when the Federal government first
stepped in to aid in the enormous task
of building highways that are now
called upon to carry more than 9,000,-
000 motor vehicles plus a very sub
stantial horse-drawn traffic iu the for
ty-eight states.
The federal-aid law is well named.
The Department of Agriculture lias giv
en the broadest possible construction
to the law for the purpose of provid
ing tlie greatest mileage of highways
suited to the traffic to be carried over
them at the minimum expense. An
analysis by the bureau of public
roads of the projects under contract
shows that all types of roads, from
tlie graded earth road up to the finest
paved surfaces, have been built.
On March 1 of this year, 22,030
miles of highway, extending into every
state, had been completed or were in
process of construction, says the bu
reau, at a total estimated cost of $301,-
946,868. The percentage of this total
■■ ' , •• • ‘ •v ■. ..!
Federal Road Being Constructed Near
Westfield, Mass.
estimated cost which will he incurred
for each type, and the mileage of
each type, based upon the records of
plans approved, are as folows:
Per Cent and Mileage of Each Type
of Road.
Per cent
of total
estimated
cost Mileage
Type 1, including earth,
sand-clay and gravel.. 32.2 15,300
Type 2, including water
bound and bituminous
macadam 9.0 1,63(
Type 3, including brick,
bituminous concrete,
Portland cement con
crete 48.8 4,98 C
Miscellaneous 4 0 310
Bridges 6.0
100.00 22,030
The states initiate the roud projects,
but before federal aid is granted ari
engineer of the burer.u makes an in
spection of the roads to be Improved,
studies the local conditions, consults
with the state highway department,
and no projects are approved which
are not considered suited to tin* con
ditions to he met. Many popular fal
lacies exist ns to road improvement,
and there have been many misconcep
tions as to the types of roads on which
federal-aid funds may he used. Prop
erly built eartli roads, say specialists
of the department, are the fundamen
tal requirement in all highway im
provement.
USE CONVICTS ON HIGHWAYS
Gangs From Sing Sing and Other
Prisons in New York Employed
in Building Roads.
Three hundred convicts, made up In
to nine-hour gangs, from Sing Sing
ami other prisons, are working on the
construction of highways In New York
state. Ttie prisoners have given their
word of honor not to try to slip away
from their guards. The Inmates re
ceive one and a half cents a dnj
wages.
Better Retire.
“I’m discouraged and tired of life, 1 ’
declared the head of the family.
“Why so despondent?’’ asked his
friend.
"Statistics.”
"Statistics? What’s that got to do
with it?”
“Yes: they say that five hours of
work a day is enough to supply each
member of the community with a liv
ing, provided the work he equally
shared by all.
“Well, I’m the only one in five in
my family that labors, So, if statis
tics are true, to support the crowd I’ve
got to work 25 hours a day.”
If a man is a success lie knows it;
if he is a failure all his neighbors
know it.
Fop
1 Special Care of Baby.
F f That Bab y should have a bed of its own all are agreed. Yet it
:v) I Thereby Promouiu, 8 j s more reasona bie for an infant to sleep with grown-ups than to use
jjjSv I' ChecrfuliMKM e a man’s medicine in an attempt to regulate the delicate organism of
te'o > I Refthcr Omum. P c that same infant. Either practice is to be shunned. Neither would
fflfc j be tolerated by specialists in children’s diseases.
| jfcfytafOidDcSANLu Your Physician will ,tell you that Baby’s medicine must bo
iuH.2 . \ prepared with even greater care than Baby’s food.
I A Baby’s stomach when in good health is too often disarranged
iij > by improper food. Could you for a moment, then, think of giving
<£c fciw" "I to your ailing child anything but a medicine especially prepared
tjlj|| / for Infants and Children ? Don’t be deceived.
SyS',/ » —rTTß"niedyfor Make a mental note of this: —It is important, Mothers, that
ijjfS I «• and Diarrhoea, you should remember that to function well, the digestive organs of
(( Feverishness and I your Baby must receive special care. No Baby is so abnormal that
Va* ' an Loss of Sleep the desired results may be had from the use of medicines primarily
Je|§ 'resdtMthercfromunlnfancy. prepared for grown-ups.
| facSirniiTsi^natuC* of MOTHERS SHOULD READ THE BOOKLET THAT IS AROUND EVERY BOTTLE OF FLETCHER S CASTORIA
11 genuine CASTOR IA always
l$5 S <= I Ihe Gentauh GompaHE
|||g new Bears the Signature
Exact Copy of \X rapper. the cintauh company, new York city.
IBIIW—IIIIIIIIIU I I'HIM! I 111 —■WMIIIM—III^WII————Mi Ml ■naiiNiii lll— ■ M
———
She's Suffering.
A Detroit mother witli one child
stated in court that she is not able to
get along on $31,090 a year. How ,
much happier we all could he were it j
• for not being compelled to read at
times of the suffering of others. —De-
troit News.
WOMEN NEED SWAMP-ROOT
Thousands of women have kidney and
bladder trouble and never suspect it.
Women’s complaints often prove to be
nothing else but kidney trouble, or the
result of kidney or bladder disease.
If the kidneys are not in a healthy
condition, they may cause the other or
gans to become diseased.
Pain in the back, headache, loss of am
bition, nervousness, are often times symp
toms of kidney trouble.
Don’t delay starting treatment. Dr.
Kilmer’s Swarnp-Root, a physician’s pre
scription, obtained at any drug store, may
be just the remedy needed to overcome
such conditions.
Get a medium or large size bottle im
mediately from any drug store.
However, if you wish first to test this |
great preparation send ten cents to Dr.
Kilmer & Co., Binghamton, N. Y., for a
sample bottle. When writing be sure and
mention this paper.—Advertisement.
Interrupted Profit.
“I understand there is oil in the
neighborhood of Crimson Gulch.”
“There is,” replied Cactus Joe. “But
it was mismanaged. They insisted on
tryin’ to get it out in paying quanti
ties instead of goin’ on forever sellin’
stock.”
ASPIRIN
Name “Bayer” on Genuine
/pAY®j|\
Warning I Unless you see the name
"Bayer” on package or on tablets you
are not getting genuine Aspirin pre
scribed by physicians for twenty-one
years and proved safe by millions. I
Take Aspirin only as told in the Bayer j
package for Colds, Headache, .Neural
gia, Rheumatism, Earache, Toothache,
Lumbago and for Pain, Handy tin
boxes of twelve Bayer Tablets of As
pirin cost few cents. Druggists also
sell larger packages. Aspirin is the
trade mark of Bayer Manufacture of
Monoacetlcacidester of Sallcycacld.—
Advertisement.
Long Distance Investment.
“What was he arrested for?” “Sell- |
ing canal stock.” That isn’t a crirni- !
nai off*4ise, is it?” “The canal is on
Mars.”
KEEPING WELL MEANS 1
j. A CONSTANT FIGHT I
AGAINST CATARBH J
Many diseases may be described as a catarrhal condition. Coughs, colds, nasal I
catarrh, stomach and bowel disorders are just a few of the very common ilia due to ■
catarrh. • ■
Fight it! Fight catarrh with a remedy of assured merit, a remedy which haaa I
reputation tor usefulness extending over halt a century—
■ ■■■ DR. HARTMAN’S—
Wpe-ru-na]
I Tablets or Liquid mold Everywhere JJ
Melted.
“So you have made up with Clip
ping?”
j “Yes,” said Mr. Twobble. "I couldn't
! resist the spirit; in which iiis apology
was offered. When a man comes to
me and says he’s sorry and unwraps
a package done up to look like u pair
of shoes and says, ‘What we need now
is a corkscrew,’ I’m not adamant,
sir, and in such circumstances I hope I
never will be.” Birmingham Age-
Herald.
Sure
Relief
indigestion)/
_isj Hot water
Sure Relief
RE LL-ANS
wEm FOR INDIGESTION
Cuticura Soap
Clears the Skin
and Keeps it Clear
Soap 25c, Ointment 25 and 50c, Talcum 25c.
W. N. U., ATLANTA, NO. 37-1921.
Stop Suffering! Take This Seven-Day
MALARIAL CURE!
Guaranteed Money Back if It Fail* to Cure
A Positive Specific for Adults and Children
TASTELESS! NO HABIT-FORMING DRUGS
Antiplasma contain* no alcohol, narcotic*, mercury
quinine or areenic. Made from baltams and gum*.
Our record* show that every physician who hat one*
tried Antiplasma order* in bulk
Remarkable tests and public dem
onstrations made in Southern
States last summer show no
malaria cases we could not
cure _______
If your druggist doesn’t eell it. m»ii $2 00 to the Vino Medical Co.,
200 West Houston St.. New York. N.Y.. »nd one bottle containing com
plete seven-day cure will be immediately »ent you postpaid.
Antiplaama it Malaria Inaurance at a coat of $2 per year
KING PIN
PLUG TOBACCO
Known as
“that good kind"
c lrif it—and you
will know why
npnpcv sarfffii
1I !■ ll f ■■ I Short breathing ro
“ ■ lieved in a few hourai
aweliing reduced in •
few daya;remilatea tha liver, kidneya, atomacb
and heart; purifiea the blood, etrenirthena tha
entire ayatem. Writ* for From Trial Treatment*
COLLUM DROPSY REMEDY CO.. Dept E. 0., ATLANTA. 61
HO START# YOU IN BUSINESS FOR YOUK
HELF. Handle your own money. Dig prof
its. Particulars ft/r 2c stamp. NATIONAL
ART AND NOVELTY COMPANY, 68 Beale
Ave., MEMPHIS, TENNESSEE.
FOOL YOUR FRIENDS —Make believe you’re
iin New York City. Send dime for five col
ored cards. I mall twice with Instructions.
Dwyer, 813 Westslde Ave., Jersey City, N. J.
OLOSSY PRINTS, 3 CENTS EACH. Devel-
I oplnK rolls, 7 cents each. M&cPariine Photo
j Studio, 1712 Blue Rock, Cincinnati, Ohio.
j ( hliljrke Plants, Collard, Tomato, Lettuce.
Celery, Beet, Bermuda Onion Plants. Parcel
Post, prepaid. Satisfaction or money back,
i 100, 30c; 300, 76c; 600, $1; 1,000, $1.76, Exp.,
f.o.b. 1.000, $1.30; 6,000 at $120; 10.000 at
sl.lO. Cauliflower plants double the above
j prices. D. F. Jamison, Summerville, 8. C.
FRCP/1 cc raaraaKtssaas&s
rntbM.ro
