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LOSSES TO LIVE STOCK ON OPEN
RANGES CAN BE GREATLY REDUCED
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Cattle Grazing on a Weetern Forest Range.
/I-rcpmol by tha Unlt»<l State* liapartini-nt
of Ai[il ultuiaJ
Tlit* utilization nl Hit* range in tin*
national forests of the West for the pro
duction of wool, beef, mutton and pork
Is steadily Increasing from year to
year. Handlers and stockmen are
manifesting a growing appreciation of
tin* advantages afforded by govern
ment pasturage. And in Hie same de
gree they are all too frequently neg
lecting their stock after it Is turned
out on the mountain ranges, state offi
cials of tin* United States Department
of Agriculture.
On all open ranges there are many
losses from predatory animals, poison
ous plants, disease and ucddents, and
llmllur dangers. Unless owners of live
•lock campaign intelligently and perse
reringly against such sources of disas
ter, their herds and (locks usually suf
fer a mortality of from 5 to 0 per cent
pearly. To illustrate, one ranchman
{razed Too head of cattle last siim
ncr on a national forest without a
•erder. As a result lie lost a dozen
K>ud of steers worth s.">o each.
Mortality High Last Year.
Last year in forest district . r >, which
includes California and western Ne
ruda, the total live stock mortality la
17 forests amounted to I.HH entile, 5
Horses and 5,810 sheet). The total nillli
jer of permittees who used the federal
(ruKjiig lands aggregated 11,1120. They
{razed 234,415 cattle and horses, 033,-
5(10 sheep and gouts and 5,500 hogs on
the forest ranges. Two hundred and
levenly-tlve cuttle died of disease; 299
rattle and 1,402 sheep were killed by
fating poisonous plants; ill cattle, 5
* horses and 2,745 sheep were killed by
predatory animals, and ISO cuttle and
LOT! sheep succumbed to accidents
md miscellaneous causes of death.
This matter of live stock losses on
the government ranges lias become of
mcli imporlunce that the United States
forest service made a detailed survey
if the spoclffe causes of mortality
mining live stock in tin* Stanislaus for
est of California during a recent year.
During the period under discussion a
total of SSI head of live stock out of
the ‘JO.t.HMI animals pastured in the for
est lost their lives. Tile manner in
which these losses were distributed
hlkmid lie of value to stockmen and
ranchers who ure interested in curtail
ing these losses and who are anxious
to know what the weak points in their
present methods of management are.
The losses among cattle were distrib
uted as follows:
Under one year old from blackleg,
Its; over one year old from hhtekleg.
57; calves lo;s of mother from lark
spur poisoning. 10; guttle losses from
larkspur, Ml; other poisons, 21 ; preda
tory animals. 20 ; accident, li.'l; in calv
ing, li; lost, strayed or stolen, 74;
from anthrax. 2; from eating giant
powder from railroad construction
rump. 5; from neck-and-spim* disease,
15; killed by hunters. 2; blind, aged,
crippled and ruptured, 4; losses from
contagions abortion 122; from lack of
proper food and starvation, 14, anil
from unknown causes. 337.
Check P edatcry Animals.
The losses from predatory animals
ate being checked its rapidly as the
federal agencies for this work are
aide to cope with the situation. When
ever tin* forest rangers note that the
predatory animals are causing heavy
damage, professional hunters are sent
to destroy them. The losses due to
disease and accident and miscellane
ous causes could he substantially de
creased if more herders were employed
by the owners. Under conditions which
obtain on the national forest ranges
one or two borders could handle from
five hundred to a thousand cattle with
out particular difficulty. On the same
scale that It pays to herd sheep on the
government ranges it also Is profit
able to herd cattle and, potentially,
permittees probably will come to tills
decision of their own accord.
Poisonous plants and particularly
larkspur are responsible annually for
large losses of live stoek throughout
the western sta'es There is only one
effective system of ridding the ranges
of larkspur and that is to grub the
plants out season after season until
finally the range will he free of this
©h.lect!onahle growth.
The expecien.vs «»f a certain rancher
whose range abuts one of the t'nllfor
niu national forests, and who. under
tin* supervision of the United States
fo***»st service, lias been waging a win
ning tight against larkspur during the
last four years, are illuminative in this
regard. After careful trial and study
of tin* control methods and the results,
tins stockman is enthusiastic about the
efficiency ~f the plan und he urges ev
ery other rancher or stockman who
OOUs lutes ‘I : ifleo to iri v e tho wvstem
of eradication u thorough und Impar
tial trial.
Ideal Pasturage Infested.
In this instance the larkspur was
prevalent lit large amounts on a range
where the grazing was otherwise excep
tionally good. The infested area was
on a side hill where seepage from a
spring near the top of the hill pro
vided plenty of moisture, so that tile
grass was unusually luxuriant at all
times during the grazing period. The
rancher hud to have a herder with the
cattle constantly in order to keep
them off the larkspur-infested area.
Not only did lie lose the use of excel
lent range, but he also was under ex
tra expense to protect his cuttle from
tin* poisonous plants. During the 1913
grazing season lie lost ten steers,
which, despite the efforts of the herder,
trespassed on the larkspur area and
succumbed to the poisoning which re
sulted. The following season, under
.similar conditions, 24 head of valuable
range cuttle were poisoned. The next
year only five steers died from lurk
spttr poisoning, while the following
year the mortality aggregated eighteen
head. In 1917 the larkspur eradication
campaign was instituted, and us a con
sequence of the work of that season
the cattle losses were curtailed to only
five animals. The next year tiie work
was continued und not a single case of
steer mortality from larkspur poison
ing occurred. In 1919 only two steers
died, while last yeur the mortality also
was limited to two animals. Recently
the larkspur area of the range has
been grazed by a band of 2,000 sheep.
One Hundred Acres Grubbed.
The first season about one hundred
acres of range were grulffted, the pol- |
smious plants being eradicated with ;
larkspur picks und scattered in ex
posed places to dry in the sun. One
mail could dig 1.71 acres a day. The
total cost of grubbing the one hundred
acres the first year • amounted to
$450.30, an average of $4,50 an acre.
Tin* losses of cattle were reduced
from IS head the year before to 5 head
the following season. The saving of
13 head of cattle was directly due to
the larkspur eradication work. Esti
mating these steers worth SSO apiece
a saving of SOSO resulted, which paid
all the expense of the grubbing anti
left a balance of $199.70 to the credit
of the work. The following season tli«
range carried 50 more head of cattle
as a result of the decrease in the
amount and severity of the larkspur
infection.
In passing, it is worthy of mention
that the larkspur picks are made from
ordinary surface picks by drawing out
one point to u chisel form about two
inches wide, while the other point Is
sharpened in a diamond shape. Ccn
erall.v pruning shears and small hand
axes ure used ill cutting out the brush
and trees which obstruct the access of
the workmen to the larkspur. Ordi
narily an average workman can grub
out from seventy to eighty larkspur
plants nil hour. The last two seasons
the grubbing work lias been continued,
the chief attention being devoted to
new areas, as the original one hundred
acres are now practically free of any ,
larkspur.
BUYING SUITABLE CHICKENS
Possible for City Man to Select Hit
Pullets From Live Poultry
Shipped to Town.
Where a town man has no time to
go Into tlte country to buy his pullets
it often is possible to choose suitable
birds among the live poultry shipped
Into the city markets. The advice of
some experienced person should in*
obtained Itefore buying, says the Uni
ted States Department of Agriculture.
Local poultry associations are glad to
help prospective poultry keepers by
putting them into touch with member*
having stock for sale. The hoard of
trade or tlte chamber of commerce
often can bring poultry raiser and
buyer together.
FOWLS POISONED BY COCKLE
Ohio Poultry Specialist Says Plant Af
fects Nervous System, Caus
ing Paralysis.
liens fed liberally with wheat
screenings in which there was a large
amount of cockle have been reported
as poisoned by the cockle. Prof. tl. S.
Vickers, poultry specialist of the Ohio
State university, reports one case that
came under his observation during the
middle of May, where 00 hens had
died from this cause. The cockle as
frets the nervous system causing s
»v»m tests of the leg*'
THE MONTGOMERY MONITOR, MT. VERNON, GEORGIA.
GOOD HOME OF
SIMPLE 0 ESI Gil
Economy of Construction and
Strength Are Features.
HAS LARGE FRONT PORCH
Floor Plana Show Convenient Arrange
ment of Roomi—Represents
ideally Efficient Type
of Dwelling.
By WILLIAM A. RADFORD.
Mr. William A Radford will answer
questions and give advice FREE OF
COST on all subjects pertaining to the
subject of buttd'ng, for the readers of this
paper. On account of his wide experience
as ICdltor, Author and Manufacturer, he
ia. without doubt, the highest authority
on all these subjects. Address all inquiries
to William A. Radford, No. 1827 Prairie
avenue, Chicago, 111., and only inclose
i.wo-cent stamp for reply.
“In my own home 1 am king,” is tlte
sentiment that makes every home
owner thrill with pride. Independ
ence und certainty are what every
family want, and these can be ob
tained through the ownership of a
home. The mua who owns u home
invariably makes the more reasonable
citizen, because lie takes a deep inter
est in civic affairs. 11 is taxes are an
Important consideration in his life, and
unless lie watches the affairs of his
town, votes regularly and takes more
than a newspaper interest in matters
of state, he Is liable to tie affected
quite keenly.
Buying or building a home is a mat
ter of Individual taste and require
ments. Small families lean to the
small home or bungalow type. Here
they cun get four, live or six rooms,
utnpie for their needs and on the
same tioor. But there are many peo
ple who want the bedrooms upstairs
away from tlte noise und activity of
rite living rooms. Moreover, the large
family needs a large house, but in
building this house they want perma
nent comfort, not something that is
pretty and freakish.
Simplicity of design, economy of con
struction and strength are the out
standing qualities of the home shown
fhd
here. There is nothing pretentious
about the exterior arrangement, yet
it is far from Iteing an ordinary house.
Set upon a brick foundation it has
been built to take a very attractive
rougli stucco tini.sh. Moreover, it lias,
a feature that is important in all
homes, a large front porch, in this
case open. It can be very easily,
screened during (he summer to
make a sleeping porch and glazed in
during lhe cold weather for a sun par
lor of generous size. Stout stucco
pillars support a half h!p roof with a
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First Floor Plan.
/ilenslng exposed rafter effect. There
is ample room for exterior adornment
by lattice and trellis work which will
greatly beautify the porch during the
summer. Instead of wasting space for
u vestibule, the front door has been
placed to open directly. Into the large
living room, which Is 13 feet 3 Inches
by 23 feet, representing an area of
over 300 square feet. This is an ex
cellent room for recreation, reading,
family council, entertainments, etc.
and easily one of the most attractive
parts of the whole house. To add
*.o the comfort and homeliness, wiu- I
(lows on inrec sides provide an I
abundance of sunshine, making the I
room warm and cheerful as well as
spacious.
To one side is n double open door
way leading to the dining roomy This
| room has been very well proportioned
and has the added advantage of a
large bay window. It is 13 feet 3
inches by 14 feet.
Another single door opens from the
living room into a small hall which
leads upstairs. A small closet has
been placed in this hall.
Opening into the dining room on the
opposite side of the house is the
kitchen, built according to the latest
developments in modern building
Ideas. It is small, compact and com
pletely equipped with sink and cup
boards. A door opens out on to the
small porch entry and another into the
pantry. In all new houses the kitchen
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Second Floor Plan.
is small, as it tins been realized after
many years that the* housewife can ac
complish her work in a small room
Just us well and much easier than in
a large oversized kitchen. A glance
at the floor plans shows how extremely
well arranged are these three rooms
on the lower floor. Everything points
to substantial comfort and plenty of
room.
On the second floor are found the
bedrooms, three in all, with a sleeping
porch in tiie rear above the kitchen.
This provides in reality four good
sized bedrooms with excellent light
and ventilation, which, after all, are
tlie two most important things in a
bedroom. Each room gets light from
windows on two sides. All of the
bedrooms are fitted with space sav
ing closets or wardrobes. The depth
of these closets is about 18 inches,
and the width about 20. Compared to
the usual clothes closet several feet
in depth, these space-saving garment
carriers are a real economy.
There is a high attic above which
can lie divided into at least two more
sleeping rooms. Above the second floor
plate the siding is shingles.
This is tite type of home many fam
ilies want. This is what they hope
to build some time this year or next,
it represents an ideally efficient type
of dwelling and can lie built for a
reasonable amount because of the sim
plicity of its design. There is every
reason to believe that the long de
layed building boom will start in
earnest in early spring. Those who
have their designs ready will get the
Jump on tlie rest of the field and will
not be liable to delay because of short
age of workmen.
Scottish Tongue Dying Out.
The dying Scot tongue is shown in
tlie last Scottish census. The number
of females in tlie population exceeded
that of males by 185,482. Persons
aide to speak Gaelic only number 10,-
314, of whom 4,800 are in Ross-shirv.
4.000 in Inverness-shire, and 599 in
Argyllshire. Outside these three coun
ties only 195 persons have been re
turned as speaking Gaelic but not
English. Those able to speak Gaelic
ami English number 151,159. A steady
decline during tlie lust 30 years is
shown by these figures. In 1891, 0.3
per tent of tlie total population of
Scotland were able to talk Gaelic; the
corresponding figure is now 3.3 per
cent.
Foregoing to Bed.
The pupils in the sixtli grade of
the Emerson School were Instructed
to use tlie word "going" and “fore
going" in sentences. No difficulty
was had in using “going" correctly,
but “foregoing" was more difficult.
Finally one little fellow said he had
a sentence. This is what he wrote;
“The boy ate an apple foregoing tc
i tied." —Indianapolis News.
Never say “Aspirin” without saying “Bayer.”
WARNING! Unless you see name “Bayer” on tablets,
you are not getting genuine Aspirin prescribed by
physicians over 21 years and proved safe by millions for
Colds Headache Rheumatism
Toothache Neuralgia Neuritis
Earache Lumbago Pain, Pain
Accept only “Bayer” package which contains proper directions.
Haudy tin boxes of 12 tablets—Bottles of 24 and 100 —All druggists.
AspU'iu la the trade mark of Bayer Manufacture of Monoaeeticaddester of SsllcfUcftcti
The New Typist.
Flubb —That new stenographer of
Simpson's is rather of the clinging
type, isn't she?
Dubh —l'es, she’s a regular cling
neach.
Shave With Cuticura Soap
And double your razor efficiency as
well as promote skin purity, skin com
fort and skin health. No mug, no
slimy soap, no germs, no waste, no
irritation even when shaved twice
daily. One soap for all uses—shaving,
bathing and shampooing. Advertisement
Safety First!
Mr. Rusher was called to the tele
phone.
“I say,” asked a feminine voice,
“are you going down our street tills
morning in your motor car?”
“No,” replied the astonished man.
“But why do you ask?"
“Oh. that's all right!” came in re
lieved tones over the wire, “I only
wanted to know if it would lie safe
to send my little girl round I lie corner
for a spool of thread.”
He Was Doing His Best.
Mother was teaching 5-year-old
Bobby geography. She had come to
the Sahara desert. “Now, say it —
Sahara,” she prompted him.
“Hara," replied Bobby.
“No. not Hara —Sahara, don’t you
see?” said mother patiently. “Now say
it.” *
Again Hobby replied, “Hara.”
That kept up for some time, until
finally Bobby, worn out, exclaimed
indignantly: “Well, mother, didn’t I I
say Hara?” —Youth’s Companion.
He Was Insured.
The engine of a passenger train j
broke down midway between two sta- i
tions. and, as the express was ex- j
pected, tlie passengers were allowed
to get out of the cars, as an accident
seemed inevitable.
Everybody jumped out, with the ex
ception of one old man.
The other passengers thought, he
must be mad, but lie waved an in
surance ticket in their faces and cried:
“Ha, ha ! I’m not so simple! A nice
thing for the company to see me with
an insurance ticket and then expect me
to run away at the first sign of trouble!
I shall stay here, and if tile company
lias to pay up, that’s their lookout,
not mine!” —Pittsburgh Clironicle-
Telegraph.
This little bit of advice may help
you regain your Health,
Strength and Vitality
Thousands of people suffer from nervous
ness. They are run down and miserable without
knowing the reason why.
They do not stop to think that much of their
trouble may be caused by drinking tea and coffee
which contain the drugs, thein and caffeine. When
you over-stimulate the system for any period of
time, the result may be nervousness with its
many accompanying ills. You may fail to sleep
properly and your sleep does not refresh you as
it should.
Postum, made from scientifically roasted
. cereals, will help you to overcome all these
conditions. For it contains only healthful sub
stances, instead of drugs, as are found in tea
and coffee.
Postum helps build sound nerve structure,
by letting you get sound, restful sleep.
In flavor, Postum is much like high-grada
coffee. In fact there are many people who pre
fer Postum for its savory flavor alone.
Order Postum from your grocer today.
Serve this rich, fragrant beverage for the family.
See how the children will like it, and how much
better everybody will sleep at night.
Postum comes in two forms: Instant Postum (in tins)
made instantly in the cup by the addition of boiling water.
Postum Cereal (in packages of larger bulk, for those who
prefer to make the drink while the meal is being prepared)
made by boiling for 20 minutes.
Postum for Health
“There’s a Reason”
' FRANCES E. WILLARD MUSEUM
| Little Schoolhouse Near Janesville,
Wis., Dedicated to Memory of *
Great Temperance Leader.
Log cabins and marble palaces
courthouses and round towers are now
and again turned into museums in the
memory of some historic person. More
rarely the building is a schoolhouse,
blit such is the case with the hew
Frances E. Willard museum. The lit
tle country schoolhouse near Janes
ville, Wis., lias recently been dedicated
by followers of the American temper
ance leader, among them former pu
pils of Miss Willard’s in Wesleyan
seminary and at Northwestern univer
sity, and national officers of the Wom
an's Christian Temperance union. The
schoolhouse is far from imposing. Miss
Willard referred to it once as “a sort
of big ground-nut,” but it symbolizes
the progress of a child who came into
a wilderness with her pioneer family,
and through her good work gained a
place for herself in the Hall of Fame
at Washington, the only woman so
honored.
How Could She Help It?
“How did this vase get broken,
Mary?”
"It fell off the pedestal, ma’am.”
“How did you upset tHe pedestal?”
“I never touched it. The chair
bumped into it, ma’am.”
“And did you push the chair?”
“I did not, ma’am. It was the table
done that. All I did was to push the
sofa up against the table. An' good
ness knows I can't see what’s a goin’
to happen that far off!”
The Great Obstacle.
“Wife has been pestering at me con
i siderably of Jute to sell out and move
j to town,” said Gap Johnson of Rumpus
Ridge, Ark. “Tlie children yelled like
catamounts for the change whenever
they happened to think about it.. And
I was pretty nigli on the p’int of doing
so last month, but just then some fel
ler told me it was almost Impossible
to raise (logs in town.”—Kansas City
Star.
Tlie avarice of tlie miser may be
termed tlie grand sepulchre of all ids
other passions.
Success is a thing that some' are
content to .envy in others —and some
achieve for themselves.
