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About The Montgomery monitor. (Mt. Vernon, Montgomery County, Ga.) 1886-current | View Entire Issue (Jan. 5, 1922)
Progress slow DURING THE YEAR Heavy Taxes. Chaotic Financial Conditions and Minor Wars Hamper Recovery in 1921. HOPE COMES NEAR ITS END Washington Conference on Armament Limitation the Most Important Event—What President Hard ing’s Administration and the Congress Have Accomplished. By EDWARD W. PICKARD Back to Normalcy was the slogan of 1921, not only in America but in all the civilized nations of the world. But minor wars, internal economic dis turbances, chaotic financial conditions In Europe, widespread unemployment, famine in Russia and other hindrances made progress in the right direction slow, excepting, perhaps, in the United States. When the year opened the peoples were groaning under the burden of taxation and depression resulting from the World war. As It drew to a close they were still groaning but had hope fully turned their eyes toward Wash ington, where the representatives of great powers were negotiating inter national agreements that would elim inate some of the causes of war, es pecially in the Far East, and limit the means of making war. In the success of this conference and of oth ers that might grow out of it lay for the time being the hope of humanity. Efforts to enforce the terms of the treaty of Versailles resulted in con flicts among some of the new nations created by that pact, and several of the older nations were involved in warfare. Germany, working fast to recover her old position in the world of commerce, was hampered by the disastrous decline in the value of the tnark, and her leaders protested con tinually that she could not possibly pay the war indemnity. Peace negoti ations between the British government end Sinn Fein were brought to a suc cessful conclusion by which the Irish Free State was constituted. INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The League of Nations, though functioning without the co-operation • of the United States, accomplished much during the year, chiefly through its council, which met in Paris on February 21 and immediately referred proposed amendments to the covenant to a committee. President Wilson, who during January had withdrawn the American representatives from the Council of ambassadors and the repa rations commission, on February 23 sent to the league council a strong protest against the inclusion of the island of Yap in territories subjected to the mandate of Japan, and also formally demanded for America a voice in the disposal of the former German colonies. The council in re ply said it was not concerned with the allocation of Yap to Japan and Invited the United States to take part in discussions concerning the Turkish and African mandates. A month after the Republican administration took office Secretary of State Hughes reit erated Mr. Wilson’s stand concerning Yap and mandates in general, .and later France and Italy indorsed Amer ica’s position in the controversy over the island, though Japan formally re fused to give up her mandate. There after that dispute was the subject of long drawn-out negotiations between the United States and Japan which led to a treaty by which the United States was assured equal rights in Yap and other islands mandated to Japan. The council of ambassadors in Janu ary gave Germany more time to dis arm, appointed a commission to pass on Austria’s economic status, decided that Latvia and Esthonia should be recognized as sovereign states, and then fixed the German reparations at 220,000,000,000 gold marks, payable in annual installments, and 12 per cent tax on exports during the period of payment. This reparations decision created consternation In Germany and Berlin at once began efforts to per suade the United States to intervene In her behalf. The Wilson administra tion made no response, but on April 2 Secretary Hughes informed Ger many the United States would not countenance her escaping full respon sibility for the war or getting out of paying to the limit of her ability. A few days earlier, Berlin having failed to make the first payments, French troops occupied Duesseldorf, Duis burg and Ruhrort. The British ob jected strongly to this independent action and France withdrew. It would be tedious to detail the negotiations over the reparations bill. Suffice it to say that Germany, with Doctor Wirth as chancellor, was compelled to ac cept the figures of 135,000,000,000 gold marks finally decided on by the su preme council, made the payments due during the year but, on December 14, announced that the in major part of the sums' due in the early part of 1922 could not be raised. And since many economists agreed that to drive j her Into absolute bankruptcy would be disastrous to the rest of the world, toward the close of the year there was increasing talk of arranging a moratorium of two to three years for her. France was the chief objector to such delay, as she relied on the money due her from Germany, but she showed signs of yielding to the general view. Division of Upper Silesia between Germany and Poland caused a lot of trouble. A plebiscite was held there in March, but both sides asserted it was unfair and early in May the region was invaded by Polish irregulars. Thinly veiled support was given them by the Warsaw gov ernment and also by the French and there succeeded a long series of fights between them and German volunteer forces. The entente cordlale of the allies was near to rupture, but in June British troops entered the territory and began clearing out the Poles. The dispute was referred to the league council which in October announced the boundary lines. Neither Germany nor Poland was satisfied but both ac cepted the decision. All through the year the Greeks fought the Turkish nationalists in Anatolia, with varying fortune, while the allied powers held aloof, though offering mediation which Greece re fused. In November France made a treaty with the Kemalist government which aroused protests from Great Britain and led to diplomatic negotia tionSj The United States formally made peace with the central powers, the treaty with Austria being signed Au gust 24, that with Germany August 25, and the pact with Hungary August 29. In these treaties America reserved all that was given her by the treaty of Versailles which the senate had re fused to ratify. President Harding on July 10 is sued informal invitations to Great Britain, France, Italy and Japnn to send representatives to Washington for a conference on limitation of armament and Far East questions. Acceptance from all was already as sured by a process of “feeling out,” and on August 11 the formal invita tions went out, China, Belgium, Hol land and Portugal being asked to par ticipate In discussions Involving the Far East. The foremost statesmen of these nine powers were named as delegates and on November 12 the mo mentous conference opened with Im posing ceremony. Almost immediate ly Secretary Hughes put forward America’s plan for reduction und limitation of naval armament. Includ ing a naval holiday for ten years, the scrapping of all shipbuilding pro grams, destruction of vessels to a cer tain point and the maintenance of the navies of America, Great Britain and Japan on a 5-5-3 basis. The plan was formally accepted by the delegates of those nations on December 15, and to the agreement were added clauses for the preservation of the status quo of naval bases and fortification in the western Pacific. Os almost equal Importance was the four-power pact accepted by the con ference on December 13. This was cast in the form of a treaty by which the United States, Great Britain, France and Japan agreed to maintain peace in the Pacific, the Anglo-Jap anese treaty being abrogated. China offered some very difficult problems to the conference and all the demands of her delegates were not satisfied. The conferees, however, did enter into an agreement to remove many of the foreign restrictions on China and to respect the territorial and administrative integrity of the oriental republic and preserve the open door for trade and industry of all na tions. Direct negotiations between the Chinese and Japanese delegates re sulted in Japan’s agreeing to restore Shantung province to China upon re ceiving payment for the railway. It was evident from the first that the conference could not do much In the matter of limitation of land arma ments so long as the situation in cen tral Europe remained so unsettled. Premier Briand was present to give voice to France’s needs of protection and fears of aggression by Germany and possibly by Russia. His eloquent speech so far convinced the confer ence that the other powers gave as surance that France would never be left in the “moral isolation” which she feared. President Harding has clung to his idea that an association of nations can be formed which would do what the League of Nations cannot do, and on November 25 he put forward the sug gestion of a continuing series of con ferences like that in Washington, which presumably might result In the formation of the association. The Idea was received with favor every where. except that the French de murred at the proposed Inclusion of Germany. FOREIGN AFFAIRS During the first six months of the year the guerrilla warfare between the British forces in Ireland and the Irish "republicans” continued unabated. Murders by the Sinn Feiners and re prisals by the British were of almost dally occurrence. The Irish were espe cially exasperated by the execution of a number of prisoners convicted of complicity in the killing of soldiers. The appointment of Lord Talbot, lead ing British Roman Catholic, as lord lieutenant of Ireland, failed of its ef fect. On May 25 the Sinn Feiners burned the Dublin custom house, aud on June 30 they re-elected Eamonn de Valera president of the "Irish repub lic.” Meanwhile the new government of northern Ireland was organized, with Sir James Craig as premier, and on June 22 King George went across to open the Ulster parliament. De Valera j on July 9 accepted the Invitation of Premier Lloyd George to a conference in London, and truce was announced. Then began the series of negotiations that lasted through the remainder of the year. Offers and counter-offers were made, and finally Britain prof fered Ireland full status as a dominion within the empire, to be known as the THE MONTGOMERY MONITOR, MT. VERNON, GEORGIA. Irish Free State. A treaty to this effect was ratified by the British par liament and submitted to dall eireann. Ulster was not consulted, but was given the option of becoming a part of the Irish Free state or retaining her status. Angrily she chose the latter. Charles, ex-emperor of Austria-Hun gary, made two futile efforts to regain the Hungarian throne. On March 27 he appeared in Hungary without forces and claimed the crown, but Regent Hortliy refused to step aside. Czecho slovakia, Jugo-Slartn and Rumania mobilized to frustrate the coup and the allied council of ambassadors warned Hungary tlyit the restoration of the Hapsburg regime would not be toler ated. So Charles returned to his place of refuge in Switzerland. But he was not through, for on October 21 he and his wife, Zita, went by airplane to Hungary and rallied a considerable number of supporters who proclaimed Charles king. Again the “little en tente” prepared for action, hut Regent Hortliy led his army out of Budapest and defeated the Carlists in a real bat tle. The former emperor and empress were taken prisoner, as were a number of prominent Hungarian nobles. The allies decreed that Charles must be exiled, and in November he and Zita were taken to Funchal, Madeira. Russia’s year was one of fighting, famine and efforts to resume relations with other nations. The soviet gov ernment held its own against repeated revolts, which included risings of the workingmen of Moscow, of peas ants under Antonov, and an invasion of the Ukraine by Petlurn, which for a time threatened to be successful. Failure of the crops brought a terrible famine in the Volga region. Many thousands starved to death and even the American relief administration, which took charge of the situation, could only partially check the disaster. In seeking to break through the ring of isolation surrounding It, the Moscow government gradually receded from its communistic principles. It sought the aid of foreign capital, and on August 9 it abandoned state ownership of all but n few of the largest industries. Treaties were made with the Baltic states and with Turkey, and tempt ing offers of concessions were held out to other nations. In a notable pronouncement on October 21 Premier Lenin admitted the economic defeat of communism. Old King Peter of Serbia died in Belgrade on August 17, and four days later his son Alexander was pro claimed king of Jugo-Slavia. He was reluctant to leave Paris, however, aud it was not until November 6 that he went to Belgrade and assumed bis crown. Portugal was upset by sev eral revolutionary movements toward the close of the year. On August 19 the ministry was overthrown by a mili tary coup and several cabinet mem bers, including Premier Granjo, were assassinated. A few days later a plot of the royalists was uncovered, and in November Carvalho Mesqulta led a re volt. Because of these disorders and of the spread of bolshevism the pow ers began consideration of a plan for intervention. Spain had rebels, also— the tribesmen of Morocco. Against them she maintained a wearying and expensive warfare for months. And while on the subject of rebellion, men tion must be made of the revolt of the Moplahs on the Malabar coast of India, which caused the British gov ernment much annoyance and not a few lives. There were communist outbreaks in Germany in March, and on August 20 Mathias Erzberger, the German states man who signed the treaty of Ver sailles, was assassinated. Doctor Wirth, who became chancellor on May 10, re signed with Ills cabinet on October 22, but was persuaded to remain In office and form a new ministry. In Novem ber there were riots in many German cities due to the high prices of food. The chauvinistic element In Japan was active, especially after the Wash ington conference opened, and on No vember 3 Premier Hnra was assassi nated. Viscount Takahashl succeeded him. The emperor of Japan suffered a complete mental and physical break down some time last year, and Grown Prince Hlrohlto was made regent on November 25. He had lately returned from a tour of Europe. DOMESTIC AFFAIRS During the early part of the year the country was preparing for the change of administration on March 4. President-elect Harding resigned as senator from Ohio on January 9, and the next day he asked that prepara tions for an elaborate inauguration be canceled, feeling that It. would be in consistent with the urgent need for economy. On February 19 Mr. Har ding announced the appointment of Charles E. Hughes as his secretary of state—a choice that met with general approval —and on succeeding days he completed his cabinet with these names: Secretary of the treasury, An drew W. Mellon; secretary of war, John W. Weeks; attorney general, Harry M. Daugherty; postmaster gen eral, Will 11. Hays; secretary of the navy, Edwin Denby; secretary of the interior, Albert B. Fall; secretary of agriculture, Henry C. Wallace; secre tary of commerce, Herbert C. Hoover; secretary of labor, James J. Davis. Mr. Ilardlng was inaugurated on March 4 with simple, dignified ceremony, und President Wilson, despite his contin ued illness’, was able to be present. The senate, in extra session, confirmed the cabinet and a number of other ap- ! pointments, and adjourned on March 15. On the first day of the year General Crowder was sent by President Wil son to Cuba to see what could be done to restore financial and economic con- ditions there, upset by the collapse of the sugar boom. He remained on the islnnd for a long time and succeeded in his mission to a considerable ex tent. On April 11 telephone communi cation between the United States and Cuba was opened by an exchange of greetings between Presidents Harding and Menocal. The United States Supreme court rendered several notable decisions. On January 31 It held that Judge Landis had no lawful right or power to pre side over the trial of Victor Berger and other Socialists. On March 2S it ruled that profits from sale of corporate stocks and bonds and capital assets are taxable as income. On April 11 It refused to review the convictions of Haywood and 79 other I. W. W. mem bers. The conviction of Senator New berry of Michigan and others for al leged violation of the corrupt prac tices act was set aside on May 2, the act being held void. On June 30 Wil liam Howard Taft was appointed chief justice and was sworn in on October 3. The unemployment situation be came so bad during the summer that President Harding called a conference of experts on the subject. It began Us sessions on September 20 and, after a long study,‘established a central bu reau and started local employment movements throughout the country. The resulting relief was but partial, for business Itself was suffering a gen eral depression. One of the worst race riots in the history of the country broke out In Tulsa. Okla., on May 31. Before It was quelled the negro quarter of the city had been burned and 35 persons had been killed and many wounded. Labor troubles of long standing In West Virginia culminated In an Insur rectionary movement by miners which called forth a proclamation by the President ordering them to disperse. Federal troops were sent Into the re gion and the miners soon surrendered. A commission, headed by Gen. Leon ard Wood, was sent to the Philippines. It reported in November, recommend ing against immediate withdrawal of the United States from the islands. Meantime General Wood was offered and accepted the post of governor gen eral. The American Legion, In session at Kansas City, elected Lieut. Col. Han ford MacNider of lowa Its national commander on November 1. The Le gion had as guests Marshal Foch of France, General Diaz of Ituly, Ad miral Beatty of England and other distinguished warriors. These same visitors und many other eminent per sons participated, on Armistice Day, Nov. 11, In the ceremony of the burial of America’s unknown soldier In the National cemetery at Arlington. Under the budget law which was passed In May Gen. Charles G. Dawes was appointed director general of the federal budget and he and his aids made notable progress in the way of cutting down the expenses of the government. NATIONAL LEGISLATION Not a great deal of legislation was passed by the Republican congress during the lust two months of Presi dent Wilson’s administration. The President vetoed the bill to revive the War Finance corporation on January 2, and congress promptly repassed it. On January 12, S7,I(X),(XX) was appro priated for enforcement of prohibition. The house decided, on January 19, that its membership should not he in creased. After much debate congress set the limit of the regular army at 175,000 men. Mr. Wilson vetoed the measure, but it was passed over his veto. On February 20 the President signed the Winslow bill, making avail able to the railroads $370,000,000 from the government guarantee fund. President Ilardlng called congress in extra session on April 11 and nearly all the rest of the year it was busy with the task of redeeming the pledges of the Republican party, with what success must be left to Individual judgment. Among the first bills passed were emergency tariff and immigra tion acts; a new army bill cutting the army down to 150,(XX); and the budget bill. On April 30 the senate adopted a resolution declaring the war with Germany und Austria at an end; on June 13 the house adopted a resolu tion of similar purport, and the meas ure was finally passed on July 1 and signed the next day by President Harding. Repeated efforts to pass a soldiers’ bonus bill came to naught, but a soldiers’ relief bureau was cre ated on August 2 and Col. C. It. Forbes was made its director. The house passed both u tax revision hill and a tariff bill, but the senate did not get around to the latter. The tax meas ure was enacted into law on Novem ber 21. Among other Important measures passed were a bill to exempt American coastwise shipping from payment of Panama canal tolls; a bill for govern ment regulation of the packing Indus try; the S4S,S(X),(XX) shipping board deficiency bill; the blllion-dollar farm exports credit bill; and various meas ures relating to enforcement of the prohibition amendment, Including one forbidding the manufacture and sale of beer as medicine. The extra session came to an end on November 23, and on December 5 congress met for the regular session. LABOR AND INDUSTRIAL Two strong tendencies In the world of labor marked the year In the United States. One was toward a reduction | of wages, as a part of the "return to normalcy," and the other was toward the establishment of the open shop. Naturally both were contested by or ganized labor, not wholly successfully. The rallwuy executives took the lead in both movements, but had many fol lowers. In Jnnuary tlie national con ference of state manufacturers’ asso ciations pledged support for the open shop movement. On the last day of that month the railway executives asked that the national working agree ments he abrogated; the railroad brotherhoods appealed to President Wilson to prevent wage reductions hut he refused to Interfere. By order of the railway labor board some of the working agreements were terminated on July 1 and a wage cut averaging 12 per cent was put into effect. The rail ways later announced they would ask further wage cuts. The membership of the brotherhoods decided by vote that a strike should be called on Octo ber 30, hut nine allied unions refused to support such a strike, and on an nouncement by the board that it would not consider wage cut requests until all working rule questions had been decided the strike order was canceled. On December 1 the board reconstituted the working rules so that the open shop principle was recognized. In the packing industry there was a wage reduction In March and a strike was narrowly averted. In September the large packing plants Installed the shop representation system and in No vember, under this plan, the employees consented to a further reduction of 10 per cent. The meat cutters repudiated this and called a strike on Dec. 5. There were many minor strikes, most of them short lived. Samuel Gompers was re-elected president' of the American Federation of Labor which held Its convention In Denver in June. Great Britain’s coal miners went on strike on March 1 and for nearly four months the nation’s Industries were near collapse. The rail and transport workers refused to go out. and the government would not yield to the demands that the mines be national ized, so the miners returned to work on June 2.8 without having gained much. SPORTS It wns n great year for sports. In all lines there was activity and pros perity, and international contests were numerous. Organized baseball, which had suf fered from the White Sox scandal, rehabilitated itself by the appoint ment of Judge Landis as supreme ar biter. The New York Giants and the New York Yankees won the National and American league pennants, re spectively, and in the series for the world championship the Giants were victorious. The former members of the Chicago White Sox who were ac cused of conspiracy to “throw the 1919 world’s series” were acquitted by a jury, though not by public opinion. Jock Hutchinson of America won the British open golf championship In June. In this country the titles went as follows: Western amateur, Charles Evans, Jr.; national open, James M. Barnes; western open, Walter Hagen; national amateur, Jesse Guilford. The feature In pugilism was the battle for the world's heavyweight title between Jack Dempsey and Georges Cnrpentler of Frunce on July 2. The Frenchman was knocked out In the fourtii round. Benny Leonard defended the lightweight title against Blchie Mitchell on January 14; Jack Britton, welterweight champion, de feated Ted Lewis of England on Feb ruary 7, and Pete Herman won the bantamweight title from Joe Lynch on July 25. Davis and Johnston, the American tennis team, won (lie Davis cup In New Zealand on January 1, and Til den won the international champion ship in Baris on June 4, and the American championship on September 19. The Americans again won tin; Davis cup on September 3 by defeat ing the Japanese team. The University of Illinois won the Western Conference track and field meet and the National Collegiate athletic meet In June. Yale defeated Harvard in their annual boat race on June 24. The University of lowa won the Western Conference football championship, and Harvard beat Yale on November 19. The East was given two Jolts in football, for the Univer sity of Chicago defeated Princeton and Centre college of Kentucky beat Harvard. On November 23 young Jake Schaef er won the world's balkline champion ship long held by Willie Hoppe. NECROLOGY Just the names of the well-known men and women who passed away in 1921 would fill much space. Among the shining marks found by Death were these: Jan. 1, Dr. Theobald von Betli mann-Hollwegg, former German Impe rial chancellor; Jan. 3, Ferdinand •Schlesinger,'Wisconsin capitalist; Jan. 7, James G. Scrlpps, publisher of many newspapers; Jan. 13, Henry Ueinhardt, famous American art collector and dealer; Jan. 19, Daniel Barto, profes sor of agriculture In the University of Illinois; Jan. 21, Congressman Charles Booher of Missouri, and Mary M. Whit ney, famous astronomer at Vussnr; Jan. 22, “Cup” Streeter, the noted Chicago lake front squatter; Jan. 30, John Francis Murphy, American landscape painter; Jan. 31, Gov. F. H. Barkhurst of Maine. Feb. 2, Cardinal Ferrari, archbishop of Milan, and Luigi Manicelli, noted composer; Feb. 8, Brlnce Kropotkin, nihilist leader, and Bros. Barrett Wen dell of Harvard ; Feb. 9, James Gibbons Huneker, music critic and author; Feb. 22, W. F. McCombs, former Demo cratic national chairman; Feb. 24, Dr. F. J. V. Skiff, director of the Field Museum of Chicago. March 1, Nicholas I, king of Monte negro; March 2, Congressman Champ Clark of Missouri; March 11, S. W. Burnham, eminent astronomer ot Chi cago; March 17, Dr. F. W. Guusaulu.- educator. lecturer and preacher, of Chicago; Mar.-It 10, Bert Leston Tay lor of tlie Chicago Tribune, most fa mous “column conductor"; March 2-1, James Cardinal Gibbons, archbishop of Baltimore; March 28, Mrs. George M. Pullman, widow of the car builder, and Charles Haddon Chambers, Aus tralian playwright; March 29, John Burroughs, beloved American natural ist. April 3, Annie Louise Cary, once famous pritna donna; April 8, Julie Opp, actress, and B. E. Wallace, pioneer circus man; April 9, Archbishop Walsh of Dublin, Sydney Fisher, Canadian statesman, and Ernesto Nathan, former mayor of Rome; April 11, Augusta Victoria, former empress of Germany; April 30, John Robinson, noted circus owner. May 3, Dr. W. R. Brooks, nstrono mer; May 5, J. A. Sletchcr, editor Les lie’s Weekly; May 14, Alf Hyman, the atrical manager; May 15, Former Sen ator T. B, Catron of New Mexico; May 18, Former Secretary of the Interior Franklin B. Lane; May 19, Edward D. White, chief justice of tlie United States Supreme court; May 29, Gen. Horace l’orter, war veteran and diplo mat. June 5, W. T. Crooks, noted British labor leader; June 7, Alvin T. Ilert, Republican leader of Kentucky ; June 8, Col. F. W. Galbraith, Jr., national com mander of tlie American Legion; June 13, Gen. Jose Gomez, former president of Cuba, and H. C. Ide, former gover nor general of tlie l’hllipplnes; June 15, Judge W. A. Blount of Florida, president of the American Bar asso ciation; June 10, William E. Mason, congressman-at-large from Illinois; June 22, Dr. Morris Jastrow, authority on Semitic literature, and Gen. C. 11. Taylor, editor of tlie Boston Globe; June 28, Charles J. Bonaparte nr Bal timore; June 29, Lady Randolph Churchill. July 3, John F. Wallace, eminent en gineer; July 10, Douglas Story, author and journalist ; July 12, Harry Hawker, famous British aviator; July 15, Dr. W. E. Stone, president of Burdue uni versity; July 29, Robert E. Burke, prominent Democrat of Chicago, and Charles B. Cory, ornithologist; July 31, Edgar Sultus, author. Aug. 2, Enrico Caruso, the famous operatic tenor; Aug. 0, John G. Jen kins, Wisconsin jurist; Aug. 11, Wil liam C. Ilook, Jurist, of Kansas; Aug. 12, Alexander Block, noted Russian poet; Aug. 13, Samuel B. Colt, leader in rubber Industry; Aug. 17, King Peter of Serbia; Aug. 19, Demetrius Itlmllys, Greek statesman; Aug. 23, Sir Sam Hughes of Cunada; Aug. 25, l’eter Cooper Hewitt, noted American inven tor; Aug. 31, Field Marshal Count vou Buelow, German war leader. Sept. 2, Austin Dobson, English poet; Sept. 11, Former Senator George B. Wotmore of Rhode Island; Sept. 15, Beer Stromme, American author and journalist; Sept. 21, Sir Ernest Cas sel, British financier; Sept. 28, Engel bert. Humperdinck, German composer. Oct. 1, Former Federal Judge Peter Grosscup of Chicago; Oct. 2, David Blsphain, American baritone, and Wil liam 11, former king of Wurttemberg; Oct. 12, Philander Case Knox, senator from Pennsylvania; Oct. 18, Ludwig HI, former king of Bavaria; Oct. 21, MuJ. Gen. W. W. Wotherspoon, U. 3. A.; Oct. 25, “Bat” Mastcrson, writer and former noted westerner; Oct. 20, Henry Oyen, American novelist. Nov. 3, Dan Hanna, capitalist and publisher, of Cleveland, O.; Nov. 5, Rev. Antoinette Blackwell, first woman ordained ns a minister in Ihe United States; Nov. 13, C. 11. Prior of 3L Paul, rallwny builder, and Mrs. George .1. Gould; Nov. 20, Lawrence C. Earl, American painter; Nov. 22, Christine Nilsson, Countess de Casa Miranda, once famous operatic soprano, and Henry M. Hyndmnn, British socialist leader; Nov. 27, Lieut. Col. C. W. Whittlesey, hero of (he “lost battal ion;” Nov. 28, Abdul Balia Abbas, lead er of the Bahaists; Nov. 29, Ivan Caryil, composer, and Lord Mount Ste phen, creator of the Canadian Pacific railway system. Is*e. 10, Sir Arthur Pearson, famous blind publisher of England; Dee. 11, tie; earl of Halsbury, former British lord high chancellor; Dec. 12, 11. Clay Evans of Tennessee, former commis sioner of pensions; Dec. 15, Congress man J. A. Elston of California, who committed suicide; Dec. 10, Camille Salnt-Suens, noted French composer. DISASTERS Floods, tornadoes and conflagrations cost many lives and vast property losses in 1921. A four-milllon-doliar fire destroyed the business section of Athens, Ga„ on January 24. The Ar mour grain elevator in Chicago, larg est in the world, was wrecked by (ire and explosion on March 19, the loss being $0,000,000. A thousand houses In Tokyo were destroyed by flames in March, and In April fire In Manila rendered 15,000 homeless and 4,000 buildings were burned In Hakodate, Japan. The Southern states were struck by a tornado on April 15, 100 persons being killed. On June 3 came the terrible floods In eastern Colorado In which hundreds lost their lives and Immense property damage was done. San Antonio, Tex., experienced a dis astrous flood on September 10. The two most startling disasters occurred abroad. On August 24 the giant dirigible ZR-2, built by Hie Brit ish for the United States, broke In two while over Hull, England, on her last trial trip. Forty-six men were killed, Including 15 members of tlie American crew that was to bring the vessel across the ocean. On September 21 a great nltrnre plant at Oppnu, Germany, blew up. The town i\us wiped out. nbout 1,500 persons were killed and thousands were Injured. 1921. W-itim N«wapap«r Union.)
