Newspaper Page Text
HARDING SEES
ERA OF PEACE
Hope Rests in Disarmament Con
ference, President Asserts in
Message to Congress.
HELP IN WORLD RESTORATION
United States Will Assist in Restoring
Stable Order and Normal Relation
ship—Enactment of Tariff and
Foreign Debt Refunding
Bills Urged.
Washington.—President Harding in
formed congress In Ills first annual
message that “a most gratifying world
accomplishment” by the arms confer
ence “is not Improbable.”
The President’s message, delivered
In person, is in part as follows:
Mr. Kpeaker and Members of the Con
gress: It is a very xratlfylnx privilege
to appear before the congress with the
republic at peace with all the nations of
the world. More, It is equally gratifying
to report that our country is not only free
from every impending menace of war, but
ttiere are growing assurances of the per
manency of the peace which we so deeply
cherish.
For approximately ten years we have
dwelt amid menaces of wars, or as par
ticipants in war's actualities, and the In
evitable aftermath, with its disordered
conditions, has added to the difficulties of
government which adequately cannot he
appraised except by those who are in Im
mediate contact and know the responsl- |
bi'ities. Our task would be less difficult
If we had only ourselves to consider, but
so much of the world was involved, tlie
disordered conditions are so well nigh uni
versal, even among nations not engaged
In actual warfare, that no permanent re
adjustment can lie effected without con
sideration of our inescapable relationship
to world affairs in finance and trade. In
deed, we should be unworthy of our best
traditions if we were unmindful of social,
moral and political conditions which are
not 'f direct concern to us, hut which do
appeal to the human sympathies und In
terest of a people blessed with our na
tional good fortune.
Need for Restoration of World.
It Is not my purpose to bring to you a
program of world restoration. In the
main, such a program must be worked
out by the nations more directly con
cerned. They must themselves turn to
the heroic remedies for the menacing con
ditions under which they are struggling;
then we can help, and we mean to help. |
We shall do so unselfishly, because i
there Is compensation In consciousness j
of assisting, selfishly because the com- ■
meree and international exchanges In
trade, which marked our high tide of for
tunate advancement, are possible only
when the nations of all continents are re
stored to stable order and normal re
lationships.
In the main, the contribution of this
republic to restored normalcy in th®
world must come through the initiative
of tlie executive branch of the govern
ment, but the best of intentions and most
carefully considered purposes would fail
utterly If the sanction and ttie co-opera
tion of tiie congress were not heartily
accorded.
I am very sure we shall have no con
flict of opinion about constitutional duties
or authority. During tho anxieties of
war, when necessities seemed compelling,
there were excessive grants of authority
and an extraordinary concentration of
powers in the Chief Executive. The re
peal of wartime legislation and the auto
matic expirations which attend the peace
proclamations have put an end to those
emergency excesses, but 1 have the wish
to go further than that. I want to join
you in restoring, in the most cordial way.
the spirit of co-ordination and co-opera
tion and that mutuality of confidence and
respect which is necessary in representa
tive popular government.
Harmony Imperative Need.
Incroachment upon the functions of
cong-. ess or attempted dictation of its
policy are not to be thought of. much less
attempted, but there is an insistent call
for harmony of purpose and accord of
r 'tion to speed the solution of the diffi
cult problems confronting both the legis
lative and executive brandies of the gov
ernment.
It would be ungracious to withhold
acknowledgment of the really large
volume and excellent quality of work
accomplished by the extraordinary ses
sion of congress which so recently
adjourned. I am not unmindful of
tlie very difficult tasks with which you
were called to deal, and no one can
lgn ore the Insistent conditions which, .
during recent years, have called for
the continued and almost exclusive
attention of your membership to pub
lic work. It would suggest insincer
ity if I expressed complete accord
with every expression recorded In
your roll calls, but we are all agreed i
about the difficulties and the inevit- :
able divergence of opinion in seeking j
be content with the billion dollar re- I
adjustment of the burdens of taxa- i
tion. Later on. when other problems
are solved. I shall make some rec
ommendations about renewed consid
eration of our tax progress, but for j
the immediate time before us we must
be content with tlie billion dolar re
duction in the draft upon the people,
and diminished Irritations, banished
uncertainty and Improved methods of
collection. lly • your sustainment of
the rigid economies already inaugur
ated. hoped-for extension of
these economies and added efficiencies
In administration. I believe further
reductions /nay be enacted and hin
dering burdens abolished.
In these urgent economies we shall be
Immensely assisted by the budget system
for which you made provision In the ex
traordinary session. The first budget is
before you. Its preparation is a signal
achievement, nnd the perfection of the
system, a thing impossible In the few
months available for its initial trial, will
mark Its enactment as the beginning of
the greatest reformation in governmental
practices since the beginning of the re
public.
As to Foreign Loans.
There is pending a grant of authority
to the administrative branch of the gov
ernment for the funding and settlement
of our vast foreign loans, growing out
of our grant of war credits With the
hands of tlie executive bran h field im
potent to deal with these debts, we are
hindering urgent readjustments among Our
debtors amt accomplishing nothing for
ourselves. 1 think it is fair fo" the con
gress to assume that the executive
branch of the government would adopt no
major policy In dealing with these mat
ters which would conflict with the purpose
* of congress in authorizing the loans. < er
tainly not without asking congressional
approval, but there are minor problems ’
incident to prudent loan transactions and j
the safeguarding of our interests which
cannot even be attempted without this
authorization. It will be helpful to our
selves and It will improve conditions
among our debtors if funding and the set
tlement of defaulted interest may be ne
gotiated.
Merchant Marine.
The previous congress, deeply concerned
In behalf of our merchant marine, In
11/20 enacted tlie existing shipping laws,
designed for the upbuilding of the Amer
ican merchant marine. Among other
thim/S provided to enentirave 0"r “hip
ping on the world’s seas, The executive
was directed to give notice of tlie termi
nation of all existing commercial treaties
in order to admit of reduced duties on
Imports carried In American bottoms.
During the life of the act no executive
lias compiled with this order of the con
gress. when the present administration
came Into responsibility, it began an early
inquiry Into the fallux-e to execute the.
expressed purpose of the Jones a,ct. Only
one conclusion has been possible. Frank
ly, members of bouse and senate, eager
as 1 am to Join you In the making of an
American merchant murine commensurate
with our commerce, the denouncement of
our commercial treaties would involve us
in a chaos of trade relationships and add
indescribably to the confusion of the al
ready disordered commercial world.
Our power to do so is not disputed, but
power and ships, without comity of re
latlonslijp, will not give us tlie expanded
trade which is inseparably linked with a
grest merchant marine. Moreover, the
applied reduction of duty, for which the
treaty denouncements were necessary, en
couraged only the carrying of dutiable
imports to our shores, while tlie tonnage
which unfurls our flag nri tlie seas Is both
free and dutiable, and the cargoes which
make a nation eminent in trade are out
going rather tlmn incoming.
It is not my thought to lay the problem
in detail before you today. It is desired
only to say to you that the executive
branch of the government, uninfluenced
by the protest of any nation, for none
has been made, is well convinced that
your proposal, highly Intended and heart
ily supported here, is so fraught with dif
ficulties and so marked by tendencies to
discourage trade expansion that I invite
your tolerance of non-compliance for a
very few weeks until a plan may be pre
sented which contemplates no greater
draft upon the public treasury and which,
though yet too crude to offer it today,
gives such promise of expanding our mer
chant marine that it will argue its own
approval. It is enough to say today that
we are eo possessed of ships, and the
American intention to establish a mer
chant marine is so unalterable, that a
plan of reimbursement, at no other cost
than is contemplated in the existing act,
will appeal to the pride and encourage
tlie hope of all the American people.
Need of Tariff Legislation.
There Is before you the completion of
tlie enactment of what has been termed a
"permanent” tariff luw, the word "per
manent" being used to distinguish it from
the emergency act which is the law to
day. 1 cannot too strongly urge an early
completion of this necessary legislation.
It Is needed to stabilize our industry at
home; it is essential to make more definite
our trade relations abroad. More, it is
vital to the preservation of many of our
own industries which contribute so nota
bly to the very life blood of our nation.
There la now, and there always will be,
a storm of conflicting opinion about any
tariff revision. We can not go far wrong
when we base our tariffs on the policy of
preserving the productive activities which
enhance employment and add to our na
tional prosperity.
Must Be Exchange of Trade.
Again comes tlie reminder that we
must not be unmindful of world condi
tions, that peoples are struggling for in
dustrial rehabilitation and that we can
not dwell In industrial and commercial ex
clusion and at tlie same time do the just
thing in aiding world reconstruction and
readjustment. We do not seek a selfish
aloofness, and we could not profit by It,
were it possible. We recognize the ne
cessity of buying wherever w-e sell, and
the permanency of trade lies in Its accept
able exchanges. We cannot sell to others
who do not produce, nor can we buy un
less we produce at home.
Every contemplation magnifies the diffi
culty of tariff legislation, but the neces
sity of the revision is magnified with it.
Doubtless we are justified in seeking a
more llexible policy than we have pro
vided heretofore. 1 hope a way will be
found to make for flexibility und elas
ticity, so that rates may be adjusted to
meet unusual and changing conditions
which cannot be accurately anticipated.
1 know of no manner in which to effect
this flexibility other than the extension
of the powers of the tariff commission,
so that it can adapt itself to a scientific
and wholly Just administration of tlie
law.
Early Determination Needed.
I am sure about pubic opinion favoring
the early determination of our tariff
policy. There have been reassuring
signs of a business revival from the deep
slump which all the world has been ex
periencing. Our unemployment, which
gave us grave concern only a few weeks
ago, has grown encouragingly less, and
now assurances and renewed confidence
will attend tlie congressional declaration
that American industry will be held se
cure.
Something more than tariff protection
Is required by American agriculture. To
the farmer has come tlie earlier and the
heavier burdens of readjustment. There is
actual depression In opr agricultural in
dustry, while agricultural prosperity is
absolutely essential to the general pros
perity of the country.
The base of the pyramid of civilization,
which rests upon the soil, is shrinking
through tiie drift of population from farm
to city. For a generation we have been
expressing more or less concern about
tins tendency. Economists have warned
and statesmen have deplored. We thought
for a time that modern conveniences and
tlie more intimate contact would halt the
movement, but it lias gone steadily on
Perhaps only grim necessity will correct
it, but we ought to find a less drastic
remedy.
Need for Freight Readjustment.
Tlie existing scheme of adjusting
freight rates has been favoring the
basing points, until industries are at
tracted to some centers and repelled
from others. A great volume of un
economic and wasteful transportation
has attended, and the cost increased
accordingly. Tlie grain-milling and
meat-packing industries offer ample
illustration, and the attending concen
tration is readily apparent. The men
aces in concentration are not limited
to the retarding influences on agricul
ture. Manifestly the conditions and
terms of railway transportation ought
not to be permitted to Increase this un
desirable tendpney. We have a just
pride in our great cities, but we shall
find a greater pride in the nation
which has a larger distribution of its
population lntb the country; where
comparatively self-sufficient' smaller
communities may plant agricultural
and manufacturing interests in har
monious helpfulness and enhanced
good fortune. Such a movement con
templates no destruction of things
wrought, of investments made or
wealth involved. It only looks to a
general policy of transportation of dis
tributed industry, and of highway
construction to encourage the spread i
of our population and restore the \
proper balance between etty and coun
try. The problem may well have your
earnest attention.
It has been perhaps the proudest
claim of our American civilization .
that in dealing with human relation- j
ships it has constantly moved toward 1
HENRY COUNTY WEEKLY, McDONOUGH, GEORGIA.
such Justice In distributing the prod
uct of human energy that It has Im
proved continuously the economic
status of the mass of people. Ours
has been a highly productive social
organization. On the way up from the
elemental stages of society we have?
eliminated slavery and eerfdotn and
are far on the way to the elimination
of poverty.
Through the eradication of Illiteracy
and the diffusion of education, man
kind has leached a stage where we
may fairly say that in the United
States equality of opporunity has been
attained, though all are not prepared
to embrace it. There Is, Indeed, a too
great divergence between tlie economic
conditions of the most and least fav
ored classes in the community. But
even that divergence lias not come to
the point where we bracket the very
poor and the very rich together es
the least fortunate classes. Our ef
forts may well be directed to improv
ing the status of both.
While this set of problems Is com
monly comprehended under the gen
eral phrase “Capital and Labor, it
is really vastly broader. It iR a
question of social and economic organ
ization. Labor has become a large
contributor, through its savings, to
the stock of capital, while the peo
ple who own the largest individual
aggregates of capital are themselves
often hard and earnest laborers. Very
often It Is extremely difficult to draw
the line of differentiation between the
two groups; to determine whether a
particular individual is entitled to be
set down as laborer or as capitalist.
In a very large proportion of cases
he is both, and when he is both, he
is the most useful citizen.
Rights of Labor and Capital.
The right of labor to organize is
Just as fundamental and necessary as
is the right /if capital to organize.
The right of labor to negotiate, to
deal with and solve its particular
problems in an organized way, through
Its chosen agents, is Just as essential
as Is the right of capital to organize,
to maintain corporations, to limit the
liabilities of stockholders. Indeed, we
have come to recognize that tlie lim
ited liability of the citizens as a mem
ber of a labor organization closely
parallels the limitation of liability
of the citizen as a stockholder In a
corpomtlon for profit. Along this line
of reasoning we shall make the great
est progress toward solution of our
problem of capital and labor.
Just ns It is not desirable that a
corporation shall be allowed to im
pose undue exactions upon the pub
lic, so it is not desirable that a labor
organization shall be permitted to ex
act unfair terms of employment or
subject the publlo to actual distresses
in order to enforce its terms. Finally,
just as we are earnestly seeking for
procedures whereby to adjust and set
tle political difficulties between na
tions without resort to war," so we
may well look about for means to set
tle the differences between organized
capital and organized labor without
resort to tlie forms of warfare which
we recognize under the name of
strikes, lockouts, boycotts, and the
like.
As we have great bodies of law
carefully regulating the organizations
and operations of industrial and
financial corporations, so we might
well have plans of conference, of com
mon council, of mediation, arbitra
tion and Judicial determination In con
troversies between labor and capital.
To accomplish this would involve the
necessity to develop a thoroughgoing
code of practice in dealing with such
affairs. With right privileges, Im
munities and modes of organization
thus carefully defined, it should be
possible to set up judicial or quasi
judicial tribunals for the considera
tion nnd determination of all disputes
which menace the public welfare.
Holds Strike Out of Place.
In an industrial society such as ours
the strike, the lockout and the boy
cott are as much out of place and as
disastrous in their results as is war or
armed revolution in the domain of pol
itics. The same disposition to reason
ableness. to conciliation, to recogni
tion of the other side’s point of view,
the same provision of fair and recog
nized tribunals and processes ought tri
make It possible to solve the one set
of questions as easily as the other,
I believe the solution is possible.
After each war, until the last, the
government has been able to give
homes to its returned soldiers, and a
large part of our settlement nnd de
velopment has attended this generous
provision of land for the nation's de
fenders.
There is yet unreserved approximate
ly 200,000.000 acres in the public do
main. 20,000.000 acres of whlcls are
known to be susceptible of reclama
tion and made fit for homes by pro
vision for irrigation.
Point to Swamp Lands.
Contemplating the Inevitable nnd de
sirable Increase of populaton, there Is
another phase of reclamation full worthy
of consideration. There are 79.000.000 acres
of swamp and cut-over lands which
may be reclaimed and made as valuable
as any farm lands we possess. These
acres are largely located in southern
states, and the greater proportion ts
ow'ned by the states or by private citi
zens. Congress has a report of the sur
vey of this field for reclamation, and the
feasibility is established. I gladly recom
mend federal aid, by way of advances
where state and private participation is
assured.
Homemaking Is one of greater benefits
which government can best own. Meas
ures are pending embodying this sound
policy to which we may well adhere. It
is easily possible to make available per
manent homes which will provide, in
turn, for prosperous American families
without injurious competition with estab
lished activities or impositon on wealth
already acquired.
There are a full score of topics con
cerning which It would be becoming
to address you, and on which I hope
to make a report at a later time. I
have alluded to the things requiring
your earlier attention. However, tf
cannot end this limited address with
out a suggested amendment to the or
ganic law.
Opposes Nontaxable Bonds.
Many of us belong to that school of
thought which is hesitant about alter
ing the fundamental law. I think our
tax problems, the tendency of wealth
to seek nontaxable investment, and
the menacing increases of public debt
federal, state and municipal, all justi
fy a proposal to change the Constitu
tion so as to end the issue of nontax
able bonds. No action can change the
status of the many billions outstand
ing but we can guard against future
encouragement of capital’s paralvsis
while a halt In the growth of public
indebtedness would be beneficial
throughout our whole land.
Such a change In the Constitution must
be very thoroughly considered before sub
mission. I suggest the consideration be
cause the drift of wealth into nontaxable
securities is hindering the flow of large
' apital to our Industry, manufacturing
agricultural and carrying, until we are
discouraging the very activities which
make our wealth.
Agreeable to your expressed desire and
■ n complete accord with the purposes of
the executive branches of the govern
ment. there is in Washington, as you
happily know, an international confer
ence, most earnestly at work on plans fo •
the limitation of armaments and a naval
holiday and the just settlement of prob
leins which might develop Into causes of
nternatlonal disagreement.
It is easy to believe a world hope D
centered on this capital city. A mosi
gratifying world accomplishment is nol
improbable.
THE STORY OF
OUR STATES
By JONATHAN BRACE
(© by McClure Newspaper Syndicate.)
WYOMING
#| i’ IS to Wyoming
I that falls the hon
or of being the first
to grant equal politi
cal rights to women.
In fact when con
gress, in 1868, cre
ated the Territory of
Wyoming from parts of Dakota, Utah
and Idaho, a constitution was adopted
which gave women the right to vote.
This was considered very revolution
ary at the time, hut in Wyoming the
women have continued to have suf
frage from that time and were thus
the pioneers in this movement, which
has now culminated in the acceptance
of the nineteenth amendment to our
Constitution.
There were rumors of early Spanish
explorations in Wyoming but they
seem unfounded by fact. Probably the
first white men to visit this part of
the country were Sieur de la Yeren
deze, and his sons who passed through
this region In 1743 in search of loca
tions for trading posts. In 1804 the
Yellowstone was first visited by hunt
ers, although the fame of Its scenic
beauty was not given much credence
until 1870 nnd it was set aside as a
federal reserve In 1872.
Tlie first permanent fort in Wyo
ming was erected in 1834 where the
Laramie river flows into the Platte.
Later when the stream of immigrants
passed through this region on their
way to the California gold fields a
string of forts was erected along the
Oregon Trail to protect the travelers
from attacks by the hostile Sioux In
dians.
Through Wyoming went not only the
Oregon Trail, which was opened up
by Lieutenant Fremont and his guide,
Kit (’arson, in 1842, but also the
Salt Lake trail. Along these
routes many travelers crossed Wyo
ming, but few stopped and settled
there as the country was the most
arid of all our states. The discovery
of gold in 1867 led to the founding of
South Pass City and in the same year
Cheyenne was laid out by tlie Union
Pacific Railroad company.
Wyoming became the forty-fonrtli
stale of the Union in 1890 and is
eighth in size with an area of 97,914
square miles. Its population gives it
an allotment of three presidential
voters. As to its name, this comes
from that of Wyoming valley in Penn
sylvania, which is derived from an
Indian word meaning “large plains”
or “broad valley.”
UTAH
• T IIE A** while
* excursion into
Utah dates hack to
party
succeeded in pene
trating to the Colo
rado river. There is no authentic rec
ord of further explorations until over
200 years had elapsed. In 1776 two
Franciscan friars, in their attempt to
find the shortest way to tlie Pacific,
went from Santa Fe to Utah Lake. The
Great Sail Lake, however, was not dis
covered until 1824, when James
Bridges, a trapper, In wandering
through this region came upon this
huge, inland, salt sea.
But the real history of Utah begins
with the rise of Mormon power there
Discouraged by the agitation in Illinois:
und Missouri, the Mormons decided to
emigrate to tlie great West. In large
caravans they traveled across the
plains and In 1547 came to Salt Lake
City where they settled. Here they
flourished, increasing their numbers
and by 1852 they reached a total in
this vicinity of over 15,000. Meanwhile.
In 3848, by the terms of tlie treaty of
peace with Mexico, a huge western
tract, of which Utah was a part, was
ceded to the United States. As no
definite government was arranged for,
the control of affairs locally was for
a number of years entirely in the
hands of the officers of the Mormon
church. They, accordingly, made up
a constitution and organized under
the name of the State of Deseret. This
Is a word taken from the Book of
Mormon, nnd signifies, “Industry.” Ap
plication was made for admission to
the Union, but this was refused and
the federal government instead organ
ized the Territory of Utah in 1850. The
first governor was Brigham Young, the
successor of Joseph Smith and pres!
dent of the Mormon church.
The attempt to do away with polyg
amy met with little success until in
1890 the Mormon church finally agreed
not to countenance It. Meanwhile,
rrowing antagonism between the Mor
nons and non-Mormons verged ncarlj
<n civil war. Finally a general am
esty was declared nnd after many re
nests Utah was accepted as the for
y fifth state of the Union in 1896
Three Trial Bottles
of Perfume for
Your Own Test
HOW TO USB |
THE PERFUME I
Before Christmas try this fascin
ating method of determining the
real value of different perfumes.
Let us send you three miniature
vials of perfume with instructions
for duplicating the famous inter
national perfume test. You can
then choose for yourself the
special perfume which will sur
round you with that individual
atmosphere of fragrance that so
delightfully portrays your per
sonality.
This famous test was conducted
by two prominentNewYorkmen,
assisted by a jury of 103 women —
famous actresses —college girls—
society women all fastidious
about their perfume. It not only
demonstrated beyond a question
of a doubt how the individual
can safely select her personal per
fume, but it developed some sur
prising facts about the real pref
erence of these fastidious women.
Every girl should read this inter
esting story; it is told in a little
folder packed in each test equip
ment package.
Three trial size vials of wonder
ful fragrance—a package of per
fumer’s test slips—full instructions
for use and the story of the fam
ous test —all packed to reach you
safely—for a two cent stamp and
your address. Send today to Per
fume Test Bldg., Colgate SlCo.,
P. O. Box 645, City Hall Station*
New York City.
There’s hearts delight in
COLGATE
Measurements.
A two-foot rule was given to a la
borer in a Clyde boatyard to measure
an iron plate. The laborer, not being
well up in the use of the rule, after
spending considerable time returned.
“Now, Mick,” asked the plater,
“what size is the plate?”
“Well,” replied Mick, with a grin of
satisfaction, “it's the length of your
rule and two thumbs over, with this
piece of brick and the breadth of my
hand and my arm from here to there,
bar a finger.”—Everybody’s Magazine.
Alwaus Plenty JSI
of Stretch "IP
rubber to rot
liw ExcEuXyflM
SuspenderS f'dimii
Guaranteed OneVea-- Price 75<
Askycor dealer for
Nil-Way or ExceUo®^
Guaranteed Sasp€nders.6arters si4 Hose Supporters
Accept no substitutes—Look for riaine on buckies.
Mu-Way oirec’n Suspender Ca,Mfr6..Adrian.Mich.
V! - -
KING PIN
PLUG TOBACCO
Known as
“that good kind”
On/ it—and you
will know why
Safety First.
“We pedestrians should stand up.
for our rights,” said the choleric old
gentleman.
‘ I quite agree with you,” said a
meek little man, “but if we are go
ing to do anything of that sort I sug
gest that we make our demonstration
from the sidewalk.”
P. S. —The business end of a
woman's letter.
RATS and MICE
ARN S*
ELECTRIC PASTE
Ready for Use —Better Than Traps
Directions In 15 languages In every box.
Rats, Mice, Cockroaches, Ants and Watcfbnga.
destroy food and property and are carriers of
lis.'-ase. Steams' Electric Paste forces these pesta
» ran from the bnllding for water and fresh air.
85cand 11.50. “Money back If it fails.”
C. S. Government buy* It.
W. N. U., ATLANTA, NO. 51-1921.*
