Newspaper Page Text
COMMISSIONER NESBITT
Department or Agriculture.
Atlanta, Not. 1, 1892.
Tba month of October, cm-the whole,
haa been moat favorable for gathering
tba crops of corn and cotton, and the
farmer* have ahown great energy and
cam in placing the fleecy staple beyond
tba reacn of injury from unfavorable
weather.
Throughout the state the yield is the
poorest in ten years. Today the fields
are almost bare, nothing in the plants
to mature. In other words, the crop is
gathered for this season, and the results
are moat unsatisfactory. There has not
ditious has been more conspicuously
marked.
Where the proper preparations were
made in time and the soil had. even in
moderate Quantities, the requisite ele
ments for plant£growth, and where en
ergy and sound judgment have charac
terised the planting and subsequent cul
tivation, the yield is. notwithstanding
adverse seasons, fairly good. But
where there was late planting, light
manuring, or no manuring at all. and
where the cultivation was slow and im
perfect, the yield is the poorest I have
•ver known.
The experience of the past twenty-five
years should convince every farmer,
who waa allured by the high prices of
cotton directly after the war into fol
lowing the “one-crop” system, that an
agricultural people never made a greater
mistake than in staking their all
single issue. The making of these
cessive crojw has cost not only vast
of borrowed money, bnt has consumed
time ami talent and energy, and worn
out a soil that once possessed every ele
ment for producing, in abundance, all
thee
s suited to onr climate i
out its injurious 'exrects. vvitn oc- j leave tne nanaa or the manufacturer or
_ _ crop | dealer. Briefly stated, it provides that
irould have matured, whereas by the j *U manufacturers or dealers must regis-
dry, warm weather, small bolls have ’
fully, impressed the past season with
the undeniable fact that most of our
surface soil is lost to ns forever, and,
even in more favored sections, where
the lands are level, the manifest decline.
In both plant growth and yield, at
marked as to cause grave apprehension
for the fntnro success of our agriculture.
This depleting, wearing out system
cannot continue indefinitely, the end
must come ere many years roll around,
and then what are we to do ? We have
bad all the teams and every farm appli
ance pulling everything down hill since
the war, we have nearly reached the
bottom, and what then? Can yon show
me any section of the state where the
fmrma have lteen made richer mul more
productive ? Of course there are in
dividual exceptions, and where yon find
these exceptions you generally find
plenty of home supplies and prosperity.
Bnt as a rule the answer to this qnes-
tion must be unfavorable. The truth is
our farms are growing poorer with each
succeeding crop. We all realize that it
is much easier to exhaust and tear down
than to reclaim and build up these old
fields. But they can be reclaimed, and
we owe it to ourselves, to onr children
to set about the task.
It is estimated that only about 5 per
cent, of thoee engaged in trade ever ac
cumulate wealth, quite a large nnmlier
succeed in gaining a comfortable sup
port, but many in all occupations from
fail of their object, and these become
the chronic grumbler* and fault-finders
in every community, and attribute to
bed laws and unfavorable seasons the
misfortunes and disappointments which
have fallen to their lot.
The successful fanner must lie a man
of energy and tact, wide uwnke and
ever ready to take on any information
regarding his work. He is not a grnm-
He recognizes the fact that the limit of
K faction in this country has never
i reached—that we are years behind
the fanners of many European coun
tries. These people, from necessity,
their dense population forcing them to
the moat extraordinary efforts to gain a
livelihood, have learned to exercise the
greatest care in saving every element of
plant food; in concentrating their work;
fn adopting the most advanced and in
telligent systems of farming. They
have learned the lesson which we are
just beginning to study—that is. how to
reap the largest and most profitable
yield from the smallest area. These
thoughtful, busy workers are demon
strating that, even under continuous
cultivation, lands can be worked at a
profit and at the same time kept np to
a high degree of productiveness.
To reauxe the utter absurdity
hopelessness of continuing to cultivate
land In the same cron without rest
change, one needs only to ride over this
state and examine the yield on these
fields, which have been devoted to cot
ton year after year. To a tliongl:
mind the eight is a most depressing
We generally occupy the position
which we make for ourselves, and we
cannot reasonably hope to fill a higher
one. The farmer who allows his lands
to “run down” year after year and then
expects to realize an independence from
them, is making the grand mistake of
hi* life. It is tne man and not the farm
that determines its value. It is true
that there is a difference in location,
climate and nature of soil, but there is
a wider difference in the men who use
these conditions. Professor Brewer
well Illustrates this idea by a case which
came under his own observation,
neighbor bought a farm for $20 an a
He ao improved it that in three years he
waa offered $000 an acre for it. At his
dsath it sold foe $350 an acre. Inaf
years the purchaser sold it for $100
read and think for ourselves. Let us
emulate the example of our more pro-
strive and successful neighbor. There
Is plenty of room at the top of the lad
der, only crowding and disappointment
at the bottom. Let ns struggle “higher
up," where comfort and abundance
been forced open prematurely. The
Unt from such bolls is very tight, and
in ginning goes largely to motes. From
a careful consideration of reports and
personal observation of the condition of
the crop in a part of the state, we feel
laying that the crop for this
II not be more than S3 per cent,
of that of last year. These figures take
into consideration not only the small
yield per acre, but also the reduction in
acreage.
CORN.
The corn crop of this year is the
largest made in the state for a number
of years. While the crop of last year
probably in the northern part of the
state exceeded in the yield per acre, yet
considering the increased acreage and
the yield in other portions of the state, •
the department regards this as the
largest crop during toe past decade.
GRAIN.
The sowing of wheat and oats has
been retarded by the dry weather, but
we trust that the farmers will put in
larger crops of small grain than hereto
fore. The fall is the proper time to
begin to prepare for a decreased acreage
in cotton, and for bringing up land by
diversified farming. Let those who
have undertaken to renovate their lands
and to make their farms self-sustaining
continue in their efforts, in this the
right direction. The advance made in
the price of cotton leads to the hope of
higher prices, bnt let it be always re
membered that if a better price is to be
obtained that the acreage must be
dneed and the size of the crop
minished. Over-production will afa .
result in a depression of the market, and
living prices cannot be expected where
a surplus remains on hand.
WORK OF TIIE DEPARTMENT.
Perhaps more than any other depart
ment of state the agricultural depart
ment has been confronted with opposi
tion. In many instances this opposition
grows ont of the fact that the work of
the department is not thoroughly under
stood in other cases out of the idea, that
supported by taxation the expenditures
exceed the lienefite conferred on the
people. It is true that a part of the
fund that snp]»orts this department
derived from tin* general fund, but such
is only the case liecause a great part of
the fees collected through the agency of
the department go to the school fund.
In the biannual report of the depart
ment to the governor the gratifying
result was shown that the fees collected
from inspections that come under the
supervision of the department were
more than ample to meet every expendi
ture for the entire department in all its
which these figures were taken was
unusually small one as regard* th<
business done In commercial fertilizers,
a conservative estimate to place
lount that will lie unusually de
rived above all exjienditures at $10,000
During 15*91-92 the change in the law in
regard to the fees of inspectors of oils
was not in full force, and an increase
from this source can be reasonably
pected.
SUPERVISION OF INSPECTION*.
Two classes of inspection are under the
direct control and supervision of the
department and the benefits derived
from these inspections perhaps presents
the work of the department in its most
tangible form. The inspection and
of fertilizers we regard as of
: vital inqiortance to the farmers
for whose benefit the department waa
especially created. The history of the
fertilizer business, prior to the inspection
'em. shows its immense benefits. In
courts of nearly every county where
fertilizers were lined were found cases
whero farmers, deriving no benefit from
the goods purchased, were contesting at
a great disadvantage the worth of the
goods.
The following from the report of the
commissioner to the governor gives
briefly the law on the subject of fer
tilizer inspection, with some other mat
ters of importance to the department.
__j bad plenty of sunshine and
\ weather for harvesting crops over
ZMsrljr the entire state. Fanners have
fretted thrauehre, ol the fine oppor
tunity and gathering haa nrogreawd
rapidly, fa the southern portion of the
sUtsootton picking is far advanced,
and with a few more weeks of fine
weather the entire crop will be gathered.
In middle Georgia cotton is nearly all
opeoed and licked, and in northern
Georgia much of the crop is ont. Corn
gathering and the housing of peas
contorted rapidly through toe
weather, and a great part of the work
ter the guaranteed analysis of the brand
of a fertilizer they sell or propose to
offer for sale. This guarantee is placed
on record in the office and is also
branded on the sack, that norchasers
may ascertain without difficulty toe
standard up 'to which the goods must
corns. In order to maintain a high
standard, the law also requires all am-
mania ted goods to contain two per cent,
of ammonia, with a total of right per
cent, of available phosphoric arid and
potash. To give farther protection, and
to better enable purchasers by name
and without reference to the guarantee
to know something of the goods pur
chased, I passed an order, under the
power conferred by the bill, requiring
all fertilizers offered for registration,
inspection or sale branded as either of
the following: Ammoniated Super
phosphate, Ammoniated Dissolved Bone,
Ammoniated Guano, Gnano, Fertilizer,
or in other words, implying that the
same is an ammoniated superphosphate.
The guaranteed analysis must claim
that it contains not less than two per
cent, of ammonia (actual or potential).
After registration the manufacturer
■ dealer may order as many tags as he
es proper, specifying upon what brand
or brands they are to be used. These
tags are now, more properly speaking,
registration tags, as they do not signify
that the fertilizer has been actually
sampled, but only that the conditions
precedent to selling or offering for sale
hare been complied with. When the
sales are made it is the duty of the
manufacturer to notify the department
of the number of tons, the name of the
consignee and where shipped. A failure
on the pert of manufacturer* to comply
with these conditions renders the sale
absolutely void. The inspectors are
directed where to make inspections, as
each sale is recorded in the office. They
are also sent ont on general trips through
the territory assigned them, taking earn-
K ies wherever found and reporting to the
epartment the name of tho brands, with
the guaranteed analysis found on the
sack. While samples are not taken
from every shipment, the fact that a
large number are drawn in every part
of the state, and the inability of the
manufacturer to tell from what samples
analysis will be made, upon which de
pends his future business in the state
and his collections, furnishes, we be
lieve, a perfect safeguard.
In regard to the price of fertilizers in
the state, it is gratifying to report that
onr farmers are able to purchase at as
small cost as in any state in the union.
Our tonnage tax is so low as not to be
considered in making the selling price,
which was not the case while the tax
remained at fifty sents per ton. While
the tax is only ten cents per ton, it will
be seen by the receipts from this source
that a sufficient sum is raised to main
tain the entire inspection system, and
without taxation, protect onr farmers
from many frauds and impositions. Did
the manufacturers add ten cents to every
ton of goods sold, which they do not,
the farmer could well afford to pay this
small fee to insure him against adul
terated and spurious goods, and secure
for him a service that would otherwise
cost him from ten to fifteen dollars. So
firmly am I convinced of the necessity
of a thorough system of inspection that,
were it necessary to support it by gen
eral taxation. I believe tne state would
be compensated by the amount saved
from burdensome litigation that would
result did no such system exist. How
ever. the present tonnage tax has nroven
far better than any other methoa and.
supporting itself, adds several thousand
dollars annnally to the school fund of
the state.
GLANDERS.
WAYCROSS HIGH SCHOOL.
THIS SCHOOL WILL BEGIN ITS FIFTH YEAR
The Fifth Hnday in Septeaher.
Additions have been made to
the building, which fa now ca
pable of holding
-*-400 PVPIL-S.*
The building i* well furnished throughout. The corps of teachers have been ad
ded to and strengthened, and the aim has been to get
The Very Best Instructors Regardless of Eipense.
No School in Georgia Holds a Higher Bank for Thorough
ness in the Branches Taught.
Waycross is very healthy and board may be obtained at
REHSONHBLE RHTES.
i of national reputation
Rates of Tuition 3jOW.
For further information apply to the undersigned.
II. W. UEKD, Pre*. Board of Education,
or J. M. MARSHALL, Skd’y. Board of Education*,
I* supplying llw* public with
♦ Groceries, Hay and Grain,
Canned Goods,
AND EVERYTHING KEPT IN A FIRST-CLASS GROCERY.
A Fine Line of Tobacco and Cigars.
NEXT DOOR NORTH t
T. E. Lanier’s Jewelry Establishment.
Quality First-Class.
Convinced.
PRICES THE LOWEST.
The Inspectlun of Fertiliser.
The imperative necessity for laws
governing the inspection of fertilizers
has been recognized by the legislative
bodies of nearly oil the states. The
first law pas*ed ou this subject in Geor
gia was lu 1868. Being of an experi
mental character it was inadequate to
protest against various frauds that
might be sought to be perpetrated, and
so framed that the subsequent large
business that developed would have
afforded immense revenue to the offi
cials executing the law. Under this
law the inspector, or party drawing the
sample, was at the same time the chem
ist making the analysis. It was the
duty of these officers when requested
to inspect fertilizers at any point within
the state, and to furnish certificates of
such inspection. It made unlawful for
any person to sell fertilizers without
such certificate of inspection, for mak
ing which the inspector received fifty
cents a ton. The act creating this sys
tem provided for no general super
vision of the work of the ii
tors, each being an independent <
in that section of the state in which he
was located. Naturally, therefore,
when the act of 1874. creating the de
partment of agriculture, was passed the
head of this department was placed in
charge of all inspections. The use of
fertilizers rapidly increasing the neces
sity for a change in the law became ap
parent, and to meet this the act of 1877
.was passed. Could this law have been
|o executed as to have each shipment
inspected the protection wonld have
been ample, bnt the consumption be-
so large that inspections in balk
made to facilitate business. These
inspections afforded no sufficient pro
tection, as the goods remaining in the
hands of the manufacturer after the
sample was drawn were subject to sub
sequent adulteration and manipulation,
in which event the analysis of the sam-
would not represent the goods sold,
cognizing this when I came into office
ideavored to avoid this class of in
spections by passing an order directing
all inspections to be made after the
goods were sacked and ready for ship
ment. With the force at the command
of the department it was found impos
sible to make all inspections in this way,
and that inspections in bulk were una
voidable that the business might be con
ducted without delay. Realizing the
insufficiency of these inspections I
presented ‘a bill to the last gen
eral assembly which made a radical
change in the system. This bill became
the law and does, I believe, furnish a
pei feet protection against any ordinary
effort to t>lace spurious goods on the
market and renders any class of fraud
almost certain of detection. Already,
under its operation, honest errors made
by manufacturers in sacking goods have
been discovered and the mistakes recti
fied to toe advantage of the farmers.
The provisions of the new law are
such that the manufacturer or dealer
who sells goods below the state standard,
places himself in danger of rendering
void all transactions for the year, and of
haring the state prohibited for subse
quent sales. Tbs opportunities ami
chances for detection are so great that
no dealer or manufacturer would risk
the great loss entailed by discovery of
illefptimate sales for the sake of the
benefits that would be derived from
fraudulent transactions. That act totally
abolishes all inspection in hoik, and all
insnections are made after the goods
HAPPY!!
NO NAME FOR IT!
This Gentleman has found the
most extensive and complete es
tablishment of any kink in Way-
cross. A regular
MULTUMIN PARVO.
Where they make anything in
wood from a Pine Plank to an
to an Elaborate Sideboard in the
highest style of art.
— GOOD SOLID ICE
. Delivered at your door or shipped
in any quantity, anywhere.
FGLE< TRIC LIGHTS
For Street, Store or Dwelling. We refer to the
Satilla Manufacturing Company,
WHOSE OFFICE AND WORKS ARE IN WEST
WAYCROSS.
Fancy Furniture, Moulding, all kinds of Wood Carving and
Turning. Two immense dry kilns. Bone Dry Lumber
Dressed and worked. Stove wood at your door at $1.00 for
for two-liorse wagon load. Agent for Fay’s raanilla building
paper. No
-w. P. LEE.
GOT STUCK By not going to J. T. PALMER’S Shoe More.
to this department, many complaints
have been made by letter, ami in cases
of alarm, by telegram, of glanders
among stock in the state. Our laws
make no provision for such cases, and
3 your Excellency I would re*
Assembly to the necessity of | Brunswick and Western Railway.
providing some means to suppress and
prevent toe spread of this loathsome
disease, without deeming it proper in
this report to suggest the method. When
it has been within the power of the de
partment, without too groat an ex
penditure. cases have been investigated,
bnt with no power to act beyond the
investigation, and with no means at the
command of the department, except
what has been saved from the general
fund appropriated to the department by
economy in other directions, I feel that
the department is unequipped to handle
the matter and to prevent the spread of
the disease now in its infancy, and, in
case of an emergency, to do what wonld
be necessary to prevent a disastrous de
struction of our stock. So far, a wil
lingness on the part of thoee who own
diseased animals to destroy them for the
benefit of the community has been
shown: bnt should the owner of one
affected animal conclude not to permit
it to be killed, it is difficult to say to
what extent the disease might spread.
At toe last session of the general as
sembly, Mr. Chappell, from Laurens
county, introduced a bill providing for
compensation when glanderod stock was
killed; but that measure did not meet
with the approval of a majority of the
bouse, and failed to pass. Competent
veterinarian surgeons are of the opin
ion that nearly, if not all, the case*
found in the state are brought in by
Texas stock, and, maintaining this
view, a number of states have enacted
quarantine regulations against such
stock, requiring its inspection. The
fact that thi3 disease not only destroys
stock, hut also endangers human life, to
my mind furnishes sufficient argument
why legislative action of some charac
ter should be taken. Again, chronic
cases of glanders may remain in a com
munity for months, spreading many
cases of the disease in its acute form
without its source being discovered.
Such conditions evidently demand an
investigation by a surgeon who thor-
ouchlv understands his work.
Ths dowager queen of Wurtemberg is
Count Westerlo has
minister for foreign affairs in the
^pointed
Belgian
I have just re
ceived a new lot
of Ladies’, Mis
ses and Child
ren’s Fine Shoes
which I am of
fering at remark
ably low prices.
J. T. PALMER, Owens Block, 3d door from cor.
k. Jit., Manager.
Time Table.
In Effect May Stli, 1802. Subject to Change Without Notice.
in Brunswick to Albany.
KK.tD POWNWAKD.
no No
*10 45
10 52
0 15*11 29*12 CO
];. A W. Shops....
Mile Tumi
........... Jamaica.............
......... Waynesville
Atkinson.............
Lulstnn
- Xahunta
Hoboken
Sohlatterville—
WAYCROSS
Wsrcsboro—
*10 29
*10 20
10 00
McDonald
Pearson
. -Kirkland-
........... Wwtonla-
M Mile Post
.—Gray’s.
- Willacoochee
Alapaha ...........
......—.Knign>a.;.red.re.«.
-Brookfield
Tiffon
...........Ty-Ty
55 ......Sumner.—..........
02 Poulan
2 10 Isabella
..Willingham
.. Dsvfa——........
No. 6.1 No. 12
Daily 11 tally
~ ' K. S.
f a 23,
3 15
3 00
4 IK s 2 31).
3 50 1 35 600
4 45
4 15
7 16 A. M.
7 06
656
6 44
n.
R. B. KEENE,
Plumbing, Gas Fitting,
TIN. SHEET IRON AND COPPER WORK.
STEAM FITTING A SPECIALTY.
TIN ROOFING AND JOB WORK.
DEALER IN
PiinipM. i*ipe, Steam,
mi<l Water Fit ting.
Wells Driven at Short Notice, and Every Well
GUARANTEED.
Plant Aveone, Near Canal
Way •cross, Georgia.
E. H. CRAWLEY, Sr,
IIRADQUARTKRK FOR
GILUON & HUDSON,
FOUNDERS AND MACHINISTS,
Furniture, Stoves, Dry Goods, Notions,
ALSO A COMPLETE LINK OF
SHOES, HATS, CROCKERY AND HARDWARE.
As I desire to give the j»eople the lx-nefit of my cash trade, all Furniture and
Stove* will l*e sold low down for cash. Parties desiring to (rtirehase these good*
will do well to state that they intend to pay cash, so ns to get the lienefit of Cash
PS.
I WII.I. BE PLEASED TO PRICE GOOD* AT ANY TIME.
Oonrt House Square.
dsath Sunday.
Twtlva new casts of cholera and four
reported to the health officials
, Hamburg will
m the epidemic l
The Observer announce* that it has
.earned on the best of the authority that
at the last cabinet meeting it was defi
nitely decided not to retire from Uganda.
Baroness Burdett-Coutts has ordered
the contractor tor the fishery schools in
Baltimore, Inland, to prepare tor the
Chicago’* World’s Fair a model of the
New York. Nor. A Tennyson
memorial service waa held at the bride
Presbyterian church, at Fifth avenue
and Thirty-Ninth streets. Sunday morn
ing. by the Rev. Henry Van Dyke. The
edifice waa crowded to the door*. The
pastor, who was a warm personal friend
of the late poet laureate, and spent last
summer at his home at Aldworth,
preached a touching^ memorial sermon.
waycross iron ms,
WAYCROSS, GEORGIA.
IT AVING added all necessary Machinery to our shop, we
n are now prepared to do all kinds of easting, repairing
and general work ou Locomotives.
We also carry in stock Stationary and Saw Mills, Piping,
Belting, Pulleys, Hangers and Brass Cocks of all kinds. We
make a specialty of
SYRUP MILLS AND KETTLES.
ALL WORK GUARANTEED. CilVE ITS A TRIAL AMD BE CONVINCED.
CASON & MILLER,
Groceries, Hay, Grain, Flour and Butter are
Specialties.
Western Furniture Co.
Sin EH JOTS SOUS BOETOST «
A "PATEHT PALACE SLEEP1H0 COACH.'
“Palace Sleep-
oach” adjust*
isSi Furniture, Bedding, Carpets, etc.
inf tb* back sod U 1
raising the bottom
springs, affording ai
neat, or ^bedV K
jengthens U inches,
~Tka “Palaco - SleepinK Cyach” Will qniet the
cPOMtst baby, make it lesa nervous and more
amiable; thus shaping its destiny, temper, char- os
meter, success, hem/th mud happiness!
O home, sweet home, like Hire there Is no place.
It’s sweeter still when cheered by baby's happy
comfort nothing can .^Special Prices For Cash.
A Patent “Palace Sleeping Coach.*
HERSCHKOVITZ BROTHERS.
December 26-tf
hence serves for older children.
Installment Plan,
Court House Square.
Waycross, Georgia!