Newspaper Page Text
The Monroe Docirine
and Venezuela
OR a theory—for it is nothing
more than a theory, no matter
I how far the United States
might be prepared to go in en-
Yoreing it—which has so affected the
political history of the world the Mon
roe doetrine is surprisingly misunder
stood. Indeed, very few persons ap
pear to know of the conditions which
brought it into being through its enun
ciation by President Monroe in his
message to congress in 1823.
In the first place, no country in Eu
rope can have so little excuse for inter
meddling with the affairs of South
America as Great Britain, for it was
the initiative of the government of
Great Britain that prompted the dec
laration that European powers must
keep to their own side of the Atlantic
and allow Americans to rule America.
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Richard Rush of Philadelphia was In
the year 1823 American minister to
London. He relates a conversation
which took place between Mr. Canning
and himself on the 16th of August,
1823, upon this subject. Mr. Rush
states that he inferred from a remark
of Mr. Canning, and so informed him,
that England would not remain passive
if France should attempt to seize the
recently liberated South American col
onies. Mr. Canning replied by asking
“what I thought my government wou'd
gay to going hand in hand with Eng
land in such a policy.” A formal agree
ment, he thought, would not be neces
sary and that it would be suflicient to
have it known that they held the same
opinion on the subject, to put down the
intention on the part of France if she
entertained it. Mr. Rush waived a di
rect answer and said that he would
communicate the suggestion to his gov
ernment. This was the entering wedge.
On the 22d of the¢ same month Mr.
Canning renewed the subject. He ask
ed if the moment had not arrived when
our two governments might understand
each other as to the Spanish-American
colonies and, if so, whetlier it would
not be expedient for ourselves and ben
eficial for all the world that our princi
ples in regard to them should be settled
and avowed. These. principles were
briefly set forth on England’s part as
follows:
First.—She conceived the recovery of
the colonies by Spain to be hopeless.
Second.—That the question of their
recognition as independent states was
one of time and circumstances. -
Third.—That England was not dis
posed, however, to throw any impedi
ment in the way of an arrangement be
tween the colonies and mother country
by amieable negotiation.
Fourth.—That she aimed at the pos
session of no portion of the coionies her
self.
Fifth.—That she could not see the
transfer of any portion of them to any
other power with indifference.
On the foilowing day Mr. Rush gave
@ written answer to Mr. Canning, in
which he cordially responded to every
statement and sentiment, including a
disclaimer of any purpose or wish on
the part of the United States to possess
.any of the South American countries,
but said that he was not authorized to
declare in what maunner his government
might deem it most expedient to avow
these principles or to express its disap
probation of the exceptional projects al-
Juded to. He informmed Mr. Canning
that he would promptly make known to
the president these views and princi
ples of the British government.
When Mr. Rush’s dispatch was re-|
reived, John Quincy Adams protested!
vigorously against the acceptance of
Mr. Canning’s proposal, taking the!
‘broad ground tbat if the United States,
wished to do anything in the matter:
she should act alone. He inslsted—‘
and his opinion was shared by Thomas
Jefferson, though combated by John C.
Calhoun—that England’s motive was a
' purely selfish one, designed to involve
[us in one of those “entangling alll
iunces” which had been the bete noire
| of the farseeing framers of our con
| stitution.
| As Mr. Adams was the secretary of
} state, the conduct of the negotiations
| had naturally been largely in his hands,
'and to him was eventually delegated
1 the task of preparing the portion of the
| president’s forthcoming message de
| voted to cisatlantic affairs.
| When the draft of this section of
| the message was submitted to Mr.
‘Monroe, he objected to the exact text
| on the ground that the position of the
| United States was too strongly stated.
' Mr. Adams declared that it was impos
. sible to put it too forcefully; that a
firm definition of our position at that
time would prevent untold trouble in
the future. Influenced by the earnest-
ness of Mr. Adams and doubtless also
by the fact that the other members of
the cabinet sided with the secretary of
state, Mr. Monroe finally yielded.
That portion of Mr. Monroe’s mes
gage which has come to be known as
“the doctrine” was as follows:
“We owe it, therefore, to candor and
to the amicable relations existing be
tween the United States and those
powers [any European power] to de
clare that we shoulid consider any at
tempt on their part to extend their
system to any portion of this hemi
sphere as dangerous to our peace and
safety. With the existing colonies or
dependencies of any luropean power
‘we have not interfered and shall not
[mterfm'e. But with the governments
iwho have declared their independence
‘and maintained it, and whose inde
pendence we have on great considera
éti\:n and on just principles acknowl
| edged, we could not view any interpo
| sition for the purpose of oppressing
tthom or controlling in any other man
‘ner - thelr destiny by any European
lpowvr in any other light than as the
manifestation of an unfriendly disposi
| tion toward the United States.”
Upon only two occasions before the
present one has the principle of the
Monroe doctrine been dangerously
trenched upona. Ihe first trouble ocecur
red during Mr. Cleveland’s second term
as president. It arose over a dispute as
to the boundary line between Venezue
la and British Guiana. England’'s at
titude had become very aggressive, and
it was certain that unless interfered
with she would attempt to enforce her
alleged territorial rights. Then Presi
dent Cleveland stepped in and announe
ed that the United States would ascer
tain the location of the true boundary
line and would then *‘resist by every
means in its power, as a willful aggres
sion upon its rights and interests, the
appropriaticn by Great Britain of any
mnds or the exercise of govermmental
jurisdiction over any territory which,
after investjgation, we bave determined
of right to belong to Venezuela.”
The second case in which the Monroe
doctrine became a prominent interna
tional issue occurred in 1895, when a
British squadron appeared in the har
bor of Corinto, Nicaragua, for the pur
pose of collecting a claim for damages
of 877,500. England had notified the
United States of her intentions, and
there had been no objection. President
Zelnyn protested that the British claim
was unwarranted and upon the receipt
of an ultimatum from the commander
of the British squadron curtly declined
to accede to his demands. A forse of
bHluejackets was then landed, the cus
ioml house was seized, and a British
governor of the pert was installed.
There was rioting in Corinto, the Brit
ish consulate at Managna was attacked
by 2 mob, and Zelaya declared the coun
try under martial law. Nicaragua final-
Iy becoming convineed that the United
States would not intervene, the matter
was adjusted, and the British vessels
withdrew upon his promise to pay the
money claimed within fifteen days.
~..——————————-———-—
I GROANS UNDER BURDEN.
iChina Unable o Pay Indemnity
on Gold Basis.
A dispatch from Washington says:
The |state department has been offi
cially adyised through its fiscal agents
i{in China that the secomd installment
of the Chinese indemnity fund, which
which falis due tomorrow. must be
paid in silver, or rather on a silver
basis. This result has beec anticipat
ed, and the department more than a
month ago was advised unofficially of
what would bappen. The first install
ment of the indemnitv, which wasgdue
July 1 last, was likewise paid on a sil
ver basis. The nations receiving the
money reserved the right to reclaim
the difference between silver and gold
basis. Therefore, the department
placed to its credit $496.098, for it bhas
without hesitation decided to accept
the payment on the basis proposed.
An immense extra charge would be
imposed on Chinashould she pay the
indemnities on a gold basis, for a
Chinese tae!, which was worth 74 cents
at the time the agreement was signed,
'is now worth only 61 cente. The
impression prevails here among per
sons who have taken part in these
settlements that the indemnities de-f
manded by the powers are far beyond |
China’s ability. She may for a year
or two borrow enough monev fromg
various internal sources to pay tlml
installments falling due everv six
months, but in a short time the pow
ers will be eompe'led, at the risk of
losing evervehing, to come to a rcad-{
justment of the whole indebtedoess, |
either by submitting the case to ar
bitration at The Hague, which China‘
ardently desires. or by a mutual agree
ment between the crediter nations. f
A Pekin dispatch says: The minis
ters here of the foreign powers have
telegraphed their goverments the re
fusal of China to pay the international
indemnity in gold aotes, and have dis
cussed the matter among themselyes.
[t is proposed to inform the Chinese
government, that failure to fulfill the
obligations provided in the protocol
will entail grave consequences.
The policy of the United States pre
sents an obstacle in the way of de
livering a joint note to China on the
matter, and the present difficulty is
generally attributed to the encourage
ment given the Chinese hy the Ameri
can government’s indorsement of their
arguments.
Russian City Cave Dwellers,
It appe:urs froiu the municipal census
that nearly one-lifth of Moscow’s popu
tation lives under ground, says a spe
eial cable from that city to the Chicago
News. Many families live in oue room.
Two and often three persons sleep in
a sinzle bed in these cavelike cellars.
These troglodyte inhabitants include
25.000 workingmen, 24,000 clerks, 55,-
000 children and aged persons and 25,-
000 without any means of existence.
The Russians. who are proud of Mos
cow's reputation as the most prosper
ous industrial city of the ewpire, are
shocked by these revelations.
A Scientific Discovery,
Kodol does for the stomach that
which itis unable to do for iteelf, when
| 2ven but slightly disordered or over
loaded. Kodol supplies the natural
juices of digestion and does the work
of the stomach, relaxing the pervous
tension, while the inflamed muscles
of that organ are allowed to rest and
heal. Kodol digests what you eat and
enables the stomach and digestive or
gans to transform all food Into rich red
blood. DAwRON DRruG Co.
Consumption
Salt pork is a famous old
fashioned remedy for con
sumption. “Eat plenty of
pork,” was the advice to the
consumptive 50 and 10C
years ago.
Salt pork is good if a man
can stomach it. The idea
behind it is that fat is the
food the consumptive needs
most.
Scott’s Emulsionisthemod
ern method of feeding fat to
the consumptive. Pork is too
rough for sensitive stomachs.
Scott’s Emulsion is the most
refined of fats, especially
prepared for easy digestion.
‘ Feeding him fat in this
'way, which is often the only
‘way, is half the battle, but
iScott’s Emulsion does morcl
'than that. There is some
thing about the combination
of cod liver oil and hypophos
phites in Scott’s Emulsion
that puts new life into the
weak parts and has a special%
Laction on the diseased lungs.
i Com A sample will be
| e sent free upon request.
| Be sure that this picture in
| o 75 the form of a label is on the
| R
| . P SCOTT &
| } BOWNE,
SR CHEMISTS,
! ' \ \_;’_.( 409 Pearl St.,, N. Y.
; FRelßs 2 soc. and $1; all druggists.
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BUILDER’S MATERIAL
We have arrranged with the Central Railroad Company for a
yard on their tracks, and will be in a position to turnish
LIME, CEMENT, BRICK, LATHES, SHINGLES,
Rough and Dressed Lumber.
consisging of Flooring, Weather Boarding, Mouldings, Casing, Door and Window Frames, Sash,
Doors and Blinds. In fact everything necessary to complete a house. In small or large quantities
at short notice. All material first-class at close prices. Office and warehouse at Farnum’s old stand.
SHIELDS & COX.+
A UNIQUE INVENTION. [
i andepam—— |
Apparatus Said to Cool Refriger- |
ators With Salt Water. l
Homer T. Yaryan of Toledo, 0., hns|
been at work for some time on a sys- l
tem of supplying zero temperatures to
order, says the St. Louis Republic. His
plans have progressed so far that hel
believes that he has the invention al
most perfected. J
In brief, his scheme is to pump the
brine that is used in icemaking plants
through pipes to houses and business
places. Coils of pipe will be placed in
refrigerators and iceboxes, and the
frost which forms on these will keep
the temperature at a lower point than
could be obtained by ice. The brine
will ail be manufactured at a central
plant, as heat is now generated, and
|theu forced through pipes by an im
mense puimp.
Nature “makes all things besautiful
in their time.’’ Every one of life’s
seasons. when life moves om nature’s
lines, has its own charm and beauty.
Many women dread that period when
they must experience change in life.
They fear that face and form may suf
fer by the change, and that they may
fail to please those whom they love.
I'he value of Doctor Picrce’s Favorit.eg
Prescription in this crisis of woman’s
‘ life lies in the fact that it assists na
ture. Its use preserves the balance |
and buoyvancy of the mind and susminsi
«he physical powers. Many women
have expressed their gratitude for the
help and comfort given Favorite Pre
lscrnption in this trying period. lts‘
benefits are not passing but perma
nent and conduce to mental happioess
as weil as pbysieal strength.
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O. T. Kenyon, M. D.
Offers his professional services
to the people of Dawson and sur
rounding country.
N. L. STAPLETON,
: ATTORNEY-AT-LAW,
Office over Bell & Dald win’
Drug Store, Cor. Main & Lee Sts.
S. D. BOWMAN,
DENTIST,
Dawson, Seorgia.
Oftice Adams old place, 21-22 Bala
win Building. Hours7a m. to 6 p m,
" DR. T. H. THURTIOND,
DENTINT, |
ALL DENTAL WORK. Office cen
trally loctaed. Open at6:3o a. m. to
bp. m. Office 'phone 129, residence
'phone 131. |
DR. R. TIl. STEWART,
Dental Surgeon,
Gold Plate, Bridge and Crown Work
aspecialty Office in front room of
Armory. Patronage solicited Phone
No. 5.
H. W. HARRIS,
PHYSICIAN AND SURGEON.
Office over Wall Bros.’ Store. Res
idence at Mrs. L. C. Hoyl’s on Lee
street. Calls promptly atterded.
Oflice 'phone Neo. 134. Res/denc
phone No, 78,
JAMNES G. PARKS,
Attorney-at-Law,
Prompt and careful attention given
to all business. Specialties—commer
cial law and collections
- Try The News for Job Printing.
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JUST
ONE . l
WORD that”m 4
Tutt’s,
it refers to Dr. Tutt's Liver Pills and
MEANS HEALTH.
Are you constiYated?
Troubled with indigestion?
Sick headache?
Virtigo?
Bilious?
Insomnia?
ANY of these symptoms and many others
indicate inaction of the LIVER et
You Need . I'
~ Take No Substitute.
_—_———-—____—
~ MARLIN & IRWIN
| ATTORNEYS-AT-LAW,
Room 20 Baldwin Block.
L S e
A. IR MoColluiid,
Photoerapher-
Hawson o> ¥ b Heorgis.
——-—__—__—-______—__/
W. H. GURR,
Attorney-at-Law.
Office in Brick Bmlding Bext to old
Court House., Prompt astention will
be given to all business.
—’_‘_——’_"‘/"’:fl
. The News is better prepare
than ever to do first class job
printing.
