Newspaper Page Text
THE DAWSON NEWS.
Bv E. L. RAINEY.
e 2
_/ARTLING DISCLOSURES RELA
TIVE TO COTTON SPECULATION.
Shal ke
sonators and Representatives Have
ieen Persistent Speculators in
futures in Bucket Shops.
\ \Washington dispatch says there
h.< been a continual row over the
cotton erop reports ever since the
. oricultural department undertook to
.und up the information for the soie
bonetit of the farmers. 1t now appears
.t the cotton gamblers have ‘‘butted
. at the department so effectively
it the official reports are now con
. deved for speculative purposes rath
o than to enlighten the original grow
ers of the cotton.
i+ is wunderstood that in the course
i the investigation, just ended by the
oret service, some startling disclos
wes relative to cotton speculation
sore made. It is shown that many
crcumstantial cases were brought to
lisht in which persons in official life
have been speculating in cotton, based
on advance information contained in
the official erop reports.
Played tne Game Secretly.
The investigation also revealed the
f4ct that many congressmen, senators
and representatives,” who in publie
snecches have vigorously denounced
«tock gambling and inveighed against
the domination of Wallstreet and all
that kind of gush, have been consist
ent and persistent speculators in cot
ton futures in local bucket shops.
[t is probable that this whole sub
ject may be ventilated in congress next
winter, for an epidemie of investiga
tion appears to have broken out under
the present administration. At pres
ent it is one-sided. Democratic con
sressmen, will, however, insist that
both parties have a look at depart
mental records, while the investigation
fever is raging.
The cotton erop ‘‘leaks’’ are not the
only questions involved in the ‘‘house
¢leaning’’ operations 1n the depart
ment of agriculture. Some of the pro
fessional economists in eongress com
plain that too much money is being
spent in experimental work in the
southern states. They contend that
more than one-half of the annual ap
propriation for that department goes
to the south.
Charged Favoritism to South.
Some of the fault-finders go so far
a 8 to say that Secretary Wilson and
his assistants are more liberal and
considerate in responding to requests
f'om southern congressman than he is
to similar appeals from members of
his own party.
Of course such statemen& are ab
surd on their face. Secretary Wilson
is an honest, sturdy, loyal man, who
has admministered the department of ag
riculture more suceessfully to the
whole country than any man since the
deparment was invited to send its
representatives to the cabinet table.
The south is one of the great agricul
tiral sections of the coungry. and it
has been the policy of every admin
istration since the close of the eivil
war to advocate and encourage the
diversification of erops in the south
land.
Why the South Was Looked After,
n some of the southern states the
farmers knew little else but cotton
taising. Some of them were not will
ing 1o give up a crop they were fa
miliar with to experiment in tobacco,
wheat and other erops they knew but
little of. 1t was therefore, necessary
for the government, in carrying out
its policy of diversification of crops,
10 make practical demonstrations to
the southern farmers to teach them
what their lands might produce under
¢rtain conditions. The result hasl
been far more gratifying than was
anticipated, and Secretary . Wilson
Siys every penny expended in that
Uirection has been well spent.
America Leads World in Production of Cotton
From the Chic:
The United States’ record-breaking
eop of 12,162,000 bales in 1904 will
Serve to draw attention to cotton 2s a
Soclal and economie factor in the
Forid’s development and to show the
wportant part which it plays in hu-
Wan society. Congress in 1793 placed
@duty of 3 cents a pound on cofton,
iever dreaming that one day it would
become the most important of the
tountry’s exports. When, in 1794,
John J ay was in England to frame the
Ueaty under which American com-
Werce gotits first real start, he did
90t know that cotton would ever be
“Xported from this country. The 155,-
" bales of cotton produced by the
L‘l States in 1800 had grown to
1./,000 in 1860. In the words of
ii,"“;“m”nd of South Carolina, cotton
i become king among United States
Products by that time. The year 1898
¥4 the 11,000,000 mark in production
i CIVILIZED BY MACHINES.
Civilization, from Its Very Inception,
Has Been “Machine-Made.”
Civilization from its very inception
has been ‘‘machine-made,’’ says Read
ers’ Magazine. It began when our
remote ancestor snatched a bouth of
a tree and decided thenceforth to walk
erect, using the bough as a staff and
club—that is, as a machine. Every
tool of every kind has been a machine,
and the progress of the race has been
determined by the number and efficien
cy of its machines, both those de
signed to compel peace and those de
signed to further the arts of peace.
If you wish to measure the actual
value of civilization—-value in pro
ducing healthy minds in healthy bod
ies—you need only to inquire into the
kind and number and efficiency of its
machines. Why? Because the ma
chine represents the efforts of a man
to adjust his environment to himself.
It gives power to him, whoever he
may be, that learns to use it: it leaves
him whoever does not avail himself of
llbs aid, whether through idleness or
ignorance or intemperance or inca
pacity, about where he would have
been—had mankind remained in the
'helpless, machineless ‘‘state of na
ture. "’
SMELL OF TOBACCO SMOKE
Epworth Leaguer Says It Is an “‘ln
centive to Pernicious and Im
moral Conduct.”
The very smell of tobacco smoke.
according to a speaker before the Ep
worth League meeting in Denver, is
‘‘an incentive to immoral and per
nicious conduct.”” Now, what’s the
use of talking foolishly? Nobody of
sound sense believes any such thing.
The idea of the smell of a cigar or a
pipe leading anybody to immoral or
pernicious conduct is sheer nonsense.
True, says the Savannah News, there
are some pipes that would make the
inhaler of the smoke ‘‘cuss,”’ and
there are some cigars and cigarettes
so vile that it is uncomfortable to be
anywhere near where they are being
burned. But that is very different
from the wholesale denunciation of
tobacco that was indulged in by the
Denver orator. The person who is
persuaded to evil by the smell, or even
the use of tobacco, has a natural bent
in that direction. No thief can excuse
his moral lapse by saying he smelled
tobacco smoke and it seduced him—he
was a thief at heart before and only
awaited his opportunity. The use of
tobacco may be an unclean habit, but
the suggestion that it makes eriminals
and imbeciles of those who indulge in
it is simply stupid.
RAINS DAMAGING CROPS.
Cotton Growing Rapidly and Grass
and Weeds Keeping Pace.
Sectior Director Marbury, in his
weekly weather and crop report for
Georgia, says:
“‘Copious showers were of almost
daily occurrencein most sections of the
state the past week, though in a few
localities of the southern section suf
ficient moisture has not yet been re
ceived for vegetation. Heavy rain
falls visited many districts, badly
washing the land and retarding the
cultivation of erops. Cotton continues
to make rapid growth, the plants are
healthy and are generally fruiting
well. In some seetions too much weed
is being developed at the expense of
forms, and complaint of shedding is
made in scattered districts; many
fields are becoming grassy and the
need of cultivation and sunshine is
again urgent. The cornerop is doing
well, except where shoriened by the
dry weather of June and on lowlands
where considerable damage has re
sulted from excessive moisture. Large
shipments of melons are being made;
the crop has sufiered injury by ireason
of too much rain. Elberta peaches
are beginning to ripen in the southern
section with prospects for a fair yield.
Peas, potatoes, sugar cane, gardens
and pastures are all in excellent con
dition.
zo Chronicle.
l passed for the first time. It was never
passed afterward, except in 1899, till
1904, when the ouiput was 12,162,000
bales. In 1903 the farm value of the
cotton crop and its by-producis was
in the neighborhood of $700,000,000. In
1904, owing to the reduced price, the
value did not pass beyond that mark.
' Three-fourths of all the cotton grown
in the world is produced in the United
States. Twenty per cent of ihe entire
American crop was manufactured in
American mills in 1860, This propor
tion, increasing faster than the pro
duction, had grown to 37 per cent in
1901. The south, which manufactured
only 80,000 bales of cotton in 1870, as
compared with 777,000 in the north,
and only 545,000 to the north’s 1,780,-
005 in 1890, was even with the north in
1903 and 1904, each section manufac
turing slightly less than 2,000,000
bales.
DAWSON, GA.,, WEDNESDAY, JULY 19, 1905.
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HON. HOKE SMITH
. ' g ’ - : r XT3
Candidate for the Democratic Nomination for Governor of Georgia, Will
’oP<l - Y . y ©
Address the People at Preston, Webster County, on Thursday, July 20.
UNCLE SAM'S GREAT WORK FOR THE FARMERS
Secretary Wilson Tells of N;»;;i;;:the National Department
of Agriculture Is Doing for the People.
“If there is one department of the
government of greater benefit to the
masses of the people than another it
is the one over which T have the hon
or to preside,’’ said James Wilson,
secretary of agriculture, to a Wash
ington Post reporter, ‘‘and yet we
have to train practically nearly every
expert and scientist connected with the
(vast organizaticn. There are no
schools or colleges anywhere which
have either the teachers or the equip
ment to give such training, and while
that lack exists the department will
have to continue to provide for itself.
’lt has now in its employ 700 young
‘'men, with good fundamental educa-
Etions behind them, who are there chief
1y to learn to do the work, and when
‘they have been trained the demand for
itheir services in foreign countries and
’in the commercial world is so great
‘that the department can hope to keep
‘only a small proportion of them.
} “The <farmers, the creators of
’wealth, the conservative class in the
country which works all day in the
tsunlight and which re-enforces all oth
‘er classes when they wear out, need
‘more education, and we are trying to
give it.
| Bureau of Meteorology.
1 ‘““We are determining the influence
of heat and moisture as applied to
‘plant life, of winds and their course,
of evaporation and its effects. Inour
‘bureau of meteorology we are reduc
ing these matters to a science as
‘quickly as it can be done, and though
‘we have expended millions the hus
‘bandmen and seamen get the benefits
‘which justify the expense. The para
‘bolic paths of the hurricane, the tracks
of the north winds are being figured as
certainties as to the great saving of
crops; and ships now know what
‘weather they will have for several
days of their passage. This import
ant subject, whose usefulness every
body knows, was not until within the
last few years studied in any of. our
colleges. Now, I believe, thirteenj‘
have taken it up. Foreign nations
are sending here for meteorologists.
The English government recently ask
ed me for one to take charge of its‘
work in India.
“eWe sell annually $250,000,000 worth
of animals abroad, besides supplying
our own markets. We must see to it
that all these animals have a clean
bill of health, and last year our de
partment inspected 38,408,000 carcases
that were leaving the country. Then
there is the further problem of keeping
our live animals, of which $35,000,000
are sold each year, clean and healthy.
As a nation, however, we have never
made a study of animals. We have
developed a track horse and lard pig,
but little more. Our bureau of ani
mal industry is now studying feeding
problems at our experiment stations
and doing its best to keep away every
disease.
Cotton and Grain Products,
“In this country we have long lack-}
ed a good macaroni wheat. Our de
partment has found at the headquar-'
ters of the Volga a wheat which grows
in ten inches of rainfall and is perfect
for macaroni. Of this 2,000,000 bush
els were grown last year, and we will
soon have all we need. We have
turned our attention to cotton, too.
Not long ago the sea island variety
was threatened with extermination
through a root disease. By cross
breeding every kind of cotton we final
ly found one that would grow there.
It took four years to do it, but now
they have a cotton that is immune.
Rice is another example. They grow
large quantities of it along the gulf
coast, and men from New England and
men from lowa went down there with
a labor-saving machine in connection
with'it. But they found that too large
a proportion of the rice broke in the
machine; it was too soft. A round,
flinty rice was desirable, so we sent
experts to the Orient, where they have
been growing all kinds of rice for cen
turies, and he brought back just what
was needed. One American with his
machinery can now grow in a year
' what four hundred Chinamen can
grow.
‘“There is about our department this:
‘We open our doors, books and records
'to everybody from all over the world.
' European countries have come for our
men, but oftentimes they explicitly‘
‘ forbid our getting anything in return.
‘Our experts went to Bohemia one year 1
for hop roots and got a full collection, ‘
but when the government found where
they were going the contracts were can
celed and they came back empty-hand
ed. But only for a year. Next season
I sent an agent over with money in his
pocket and orders to stay there until
he got the roots. They came.
Plants and Animals,
‘‘ln addition to everything else we
have to train men in plant pathology
—a study which is not even attempted
at agricultural colleges. We do this
for the sake of abstract science, be
cause the farmers need help. Our
pathological department studied the
important subject of grass and for
age crops, and as a result we are now
able to send about the country in dry
form a special kind of bacteria which
takes nitrogen from the air into the
soil, making clover and grass grow
where they never grew before. We
have introduced a new kind of alfalfa
from Turkestan which is not killed in
northern climates, and that is what
you want to grow here.
“I have given you a few samples of
our work among plants and animals;
let me now tell you of some of the dif
ficulties we have to encounter. The
colleges, with their growing tendency
toward extreme specialization, are
producing men well trained along
lines, but unable to co-ordinate their
knowledge along other lines. In ag
ricultural work we can make little yge
of such specialized men. An ordinxy
chemical analysis will not tell what isl
going on in a plant, no matter how
well equipped the chemist. l
Foresiry, Soil, Tobacco.
“Qur forests are disappearing all
over the country, and we are now
training several young men in forest
ry and co-operating with private own
ers in reforesting and preserving the
trees. One hundred thousand trees
will be sent out this year to different
states. Our universities have begun
to realize the importance of this, and
Columbia and Yale have established
schools. But the study of soil is still
almost unknown, and we] are tutingl
| RACIAL CHARACTERISTICS.
!\\'at.ermelon Vender Is the Hero in
l New York's “Black Belt.”
“If you want to see how racial
characteristics are transmitted from
one generation to another just go in
to the ‘Black Belt’ of New York and
watch the pickaninnies eat watermel
ons,’’ said the city salesman. ‘‘The!
ice cream vender has no show there.’
It is the man who sells watermelon for
a cent a slice that is the hero of the
summer. During the watermelon
season every child of color seems an
inexhaustible mint of small coin which
he joyously exchanges for, mélon and
cholera morbus. All up and down the
block the youngsters are strung aleng
the curb digging their faces into
hunks of melon. In no other part of
the city does the watermelon man do
such a tremendous busjness. Children
of white parents don’t knowwhat good
living is. Now and and then one of
the pale-faced unfortunates takes a
notion to cool of his system with a
| slice of melon, but he never appreci
ates its full glories. It takes the col;
lored yvoungsters to do that, and every
last one of them, from the tiniest tod
' dler on up, is equal to the job."”” l
THOUSANDS, STRUCK BLIND
A Most Remarkable Eye Disease Is
* Prevalent in Many Sections of
Central Africa.
A somewhat remarkable eve disease
is prevalent in several parts of Brit
ish Central Africa, northeastern Rho
desia and in Portugese Zambrsia. At
first it was noticeable in cattle, sheep
and goats, and only recently was it
found to have attacked the natives.
The disease is at present raging
from Port Herald, a British station
on the Zambesi, right on toward Tete,
a distance of over 200 miles, and at
this latter place it is reported to be
quite an epidemic. :
Mr. William, Arnott, a traveler who
recently returned from Tete, states
that he observed hundreds who were
suffering from the disease, and a
large number were totally blind. One
the sights of Tete on a Sunday morn
ing is the long lines of blind people
who enter the town to beg, each string
being led by a little boy or girl.
At first a white spot is observed on
the eveball, and this in a short space
of time becomes highly inflamed. The
eye then discharges a white, milky
fluid, and the whole of the eye becomes
covered with a white film. This is the
critical stage of the malady, and if the
disease is very severe the eyeball
bursts, thus destroying *the sight en
tirely.
and experimenting all the time as to
their possibilities and adaptabilities,
with 100 students at work. This has
had some practical results already.
We have been paying millions to Su
matra for wrapping tobacco, but we
found the right kind of soil in Con
necticut and Massachusetts, and $l,-
000,000 worth] was raised there last
last year. We have now found soil
in the United States which will grow
fine aromatic filler tobacco, and it will
soon be opened up. One of our ob
jects, however, is to find everything
which Scan be produced in our lati
tudes. We buy annually $400,000,000
worth of products which might be pro
duced in the United States and in our
tropical possessions. The true policy
would be to grow everything we can
here and let our possessions grow
what we cannot, throwing our markets
open to their produets.
“Kducation is necessary for all these
things—education such as has been
neglected by ou® higher institutions
of learning. Sixty-five per cent of our
exports are farm products and are
grown by men of no special training
save the tradition of the farmer. The
education in this science should begin
in the common school and be rounded
out in the secondary schools and col
leges. If the schools and colleges
gave what is needed by practical far
mers more would go to them.”’
Smith Not Only One Who Prefers Fame te Dollars
# From the Savannah News.
Mr. Hoke Smith says he gives up a
law practice worth $20,000 a year to
lead ‘he reform forces of Ceorg’a.
The office he seeks pays only $5,000 a
year, and it isn’t certain he will get it.
There are some who pose as reform
ers, as well as a good many other
folks, who think he won’t get it.
But Mr. Smith is not the only one
who prefers fame to dollars. Elihu
Root has accepted the office of secre
tary of state in President Roosevelt’s
cabinet. It pays only $B,OOO a year
and his law practice pays him at least
$200,000. But why should he pile up
a big fortune when he has a chance to
become famous as a diplomatist and
statesman, and even to reach the
presidency?
Last week James B. Dill, who has
consolidated more corporations than
VOL. 23--NO. 4%
CROP OUTLOOK 1S GOOD AND
BETTER PRICES LOOKED FOR.
Cotton Will Make Big Addition to
Wealth of South. A 900,000,000
Bushel Oat Crop.
. W. G, Nicholas, the New York cor
respondent of the Savannah News,
says: The stock market is working
very much as it did a year ago. It is
slowly cre~ping up, the only difference
apparently being that it starts from a
higher range. It is hard to find good
reasons, however, why quotations
should not continue to rise, and there
are many reasons why we should look
for better prices. The year is now
more than half through, and the out
look for generous erops is bright. The
bumper yields which were expected in
some quarters may not be realized,
yet the grand aggregate will undoubt
edly be large.
It has become evident that the yield
of cotton will be below the promise of
forty days ago, yet it will be sufficient
to make a huge addition to the wealth
of the south. The world seems to be
educated to the acceptance of 10-cent
cotton, the universal demand for the
staple and its products being steadily
on the increase, while production ap
pears to have limitations.
Of the cereal crops there will be
enough wheat to go around and some
thing left over to supply foreign de
mand. There will be a 900,000,000
bushel crop of oats, the biggest hay
crop on record and anunusually large
vield of winter wheat. Spring wheat
may fall below the average and prob
ably will. The corn looks well, al
though it is too early to make any es
timates of the results. Banks and
specialists in the financial world do
not anticipate tight money, although
not unwilling to encourage the idea
that business requirements will be in
creasingly urgent and rates remuner
atively high. Railroads are doing a
record-breaking business and are
straining every nerve to increase faeil
ities for handling the swelling volume
of tonage. In the industrial field
every wheel is turning and skilled
labor finds active employment at liv
ing wages.
~ There is not enough unskilled labor
to meet the demand, and the tide of
immigration cannot inflow fast enough
to recruit the pick and shovel host to
the full extent. Taken as a whole the
country is in_ a superbly prosperous
state, and the situation is buoyant
throughout. It is not a prospect to
encourage the bear party. About the
only thing the pessimists have to rely
on is the gnawing fear that the White
House occupant may insist on doing
things next winter to disturb business
conditions.
The friends of the president are stilt
strong in the faith that he will be mod
erate in his actions and yield to the
pensuasive philosophy that it will be
the part of wisdom to let well enough
alone. The stand-patters are doing the
best they can to convince him that the
welfare not only of his party, but of
the country will be best promoted by
political inactivity at Washington.
These are the days when a majority
of the population of this country is ac
tively engaged in making and saving
crops having a marketable value of
$4,000,000,000 to $5,000,000,000, naking
provisions for the sustenance of live
stock worth double that amount and
digging from the ground coal and
minerals worth $1,000,000,000. These
and the finished product of tens of
thousands of mills and millions of
artisans furnish tonage for 220,000
miles of railroad and livelihood for
the wives and families of 1,200,000
railroad employes. Don’t bet too hard
or too continuously against national
prosperity grounded on the intelligent-*
l)i directed indusiry of 80,000,000 peo
ple.
any other lawyer in the country and
!is he author of New Jersey’s famous
v st laws, accepted the position of
judge of the covrt of errors and ap
pezls of New Je:cey. Hegave up &
law practice estimated to be worth
; from $250,000 to $300,000 a year. It is
irepor‘:ed that he received one fee of
$1,000,000. It was in connection with
the formation of the steel trast.
Me. Dill is quoted as saying that he
:g tired of advising millionaires how
to keep out of the clutches of the law
in their business operations.
My, Smith is not the only one who
is willing to give up a lucrative law
practice for office. And the motives
of each, how different they are! Mr.
Sm’tth poses as a reformer, Mr. Root
seeks fame as a statesman, and Mr.
Dill wants to be known as something
