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AGRICULTURAL.
northern and .Southern Labur
Compared.
Tho January’ Report of the Depart-!
meat of Agriculture in regard to farm j
labor is interesting and instructive.
The avorago wages of farm labor is
found to bo, in the United States, $26
per month, without board ; with board
Cls 50. There has been a decrease
in the average wages since 1866, and
this decrease has been greatest in the
States in which tho crops were least
diversified. The inciease has occurred
♦in those states in which the produce
of the soil has been chiefly consumed,
within their own borders, by means of
manufacturing, mining, Ac. Tho sta
tistician, Mr. Dodge, writes thus upon
this point :
“The idea of exportation of the raw
product of the soil to the Old hbrid j
from tho heart of the American conti-;
nent as a source of wealth to an en
tire State, should have its origin in an
insane asylum, and if carried into
practice, would make the county iu
linnary tho principal local institution.”
The language is strong. It is as
true as it is strong.
* * * *
A comparison between the rate of
wages for farm labor in the New Eng
land States and Georgia, tills us with
amazement.
Tho following questions were pro
posed by the Department:
Question 1. Average wages per
month (without board) for farm la- i
borers by tho veai.
Ques. 2. Average wages per month
of farm laborers (with board) for the
year.
Qces. 3. Average wages per month
(without board) of farm laborers hired
for the season or a portion of tho
year.
Ques. 4. Average wages per month
(with board) of farm labarers hired
ibr the season or a portion of the year.
The answers to these questions from
New England are as follows:
Ques 1 | Ques 2. j Ques. 3. I Ques. 4.
$32 t)G. | S2O 50. | $37 80. | S2O 10>,
Compare these New England with
Georgia rates of labor. Under our
present system who could pay $32 09
por month with farm labor' without
immediate ruin ?
M hy is this i lake Massachusetts
for instance, which is the most favor
able instance of the Now England
States. Why can tho Massachusetts
man pay $32 09 per month for farm
labor, while the Georgian cannot pay
hall that sum and live ? The solution
of this question is of the utmost im
portance to us. It underlies our whole
ludustry. If the Massachusetts man
has any advantage, what is it ? Is it of
climate ? Not unless it be an advant
age to be locked up by ice and snow
lor six months of tho year, while tho
plow is unimpeded in Georgia, and
our genial winter's sun invites our do
mestical animals to a lazy repose.
Is it in cash value of products ? Lot
us compare. Tho product of greatest I
value in Massachusetts is Irish jota
toes, averaging-lUO bushels pet acre,!
at 58 cents p r bushel—s 77 08. An!
acre ot cotton in Georgia, well ma
nured, will bring a bale of cotton
worth soy SIOO. Wheat in Massac
husetts is $1 75 per bushel, in Geor
gia $1 50. Corn in Massachusetts
»1 32, in Georgia. $1 40. ltvo in
Massachusetts *1 30, in Georgia,
$1 50. Oats in Massachusetts 73
cents, in Georgia, 80 cents Barley in
Massachusetts $1 50, in Georgia sl*7s.
Irish potatoes in Massachusetts por
bushel 08 cents, in Georgia 81 50 to
$2 00. Hay in Massachusetts $24
per ton, in Georgia $35. It will be
observed as a result of this compari
son that there is not a single farm pro
duct which does not sell higher in
Georgia than in Massachusetts.
Is there a supeiior natural fertility
to have an Underlying granite rock so
near the surface that a tap rooted
plant will strike it, unless soil and ma
nure be piled upon it.
Is there a difference in the value of
labor f Clearly there is, and a very
great difference in favor of >iassachu
setts over Georgia. But with this ac
knowledged superiority, what Georgia
planter would be willing to contract
for a gang of hands, such as they use
in Massachusetts, at $385 08 per an
num, under our present system ? He
would be insane if he did.*
We must add that tho Massachu
setts labor is )iut upon a farm worth
at least on an average, SIOO per acre,
while the Georgia labor is put on a
farm worth say, an average %f $lO
per acre. The Massachusetts farm of
;>OO acres would be worth SSO 000, the
Georgia farm would be worth $5 000.
Yet the one can afford to use labor at
$32 per month-, the other at not more
than $lO per month.
Remember the difference in the cost
of land, the superiority of the Georgia
climate, of natural soil, and of j rices
f>r farm predicts, and then give the
reason why the Massachusetts man
can atford to give double the wages ol
the Georgi* farm labor and yet make
money. * * *
If the difference in the value of la
bir be not ow n; to soil, climate, or
price of products, it must be owing to
the different use of land, in other
words, to a difference in the system ol
labor. No other solution is apparent.
If there is another, and more correct
Boluti m, no one will be more thankful
to je.rof it than the writer. This,
has been a subject of anxious thought
with him for years past, both before
and since the war iris views in re
gard to it have been repeatedly urged
before the public through the columns
of the Southern Cultivator. It i 3 our
system of farming which not oulv
keep# down the value of our land, but
fori .ids us to use that kind of reliable
labor which would save us from the
present miserable annoyances, of the
farm.
Let us make a comparison between
tho probable uso and results of 100
acres iu Massachusetts and the same
iu Georgia, under tho present system
ill both, products and prices as they
now aro ruling:
In the Massachusetts farm there
would be probably—
-80 acres in pasture, meadow
and clover at $8 per
aer0....: $ 040 00
5 acres Irish potatoes, 530
bushels at 08 cent 360 90
5 acres corn, 170 bushels,
$1 40 538 00
5 acres wheat, 90 bushels,
at $1 75 157 50
5 acros oats, 155 bushels
at 75 113 15
100 acres $1,509 55
Deduct labor of one man 384 00
$1,125 55
Take 100 acres of Georgia land un
der the present system—
I 20 acres in broom sedge pas-
ture $ 20
20 acres iu cotton, 7 l.alesatsloo 100
20 aeros in corn, 100 bushels at
$1 40 224
20 acres in wheat, 100 bushels,
at $1 50 150
20 acres in oats, 100 bushels at
80 cents 128
$1,222
Deduct labor 2 J hands, at $lO
per month, one year 480
$ 742
Thus, under tho Massachusetts sys
tem, ot ono hundred acres with one
hand, we have $1,125 55
Under the Georgia system
with 2.} hands, we have 742 00
Difference in favor of Mass. $ 383 55
Additional cost of horses, smith work,
etc , uot included. An average crop
as given in the report, is taken in both
States. Os course, much larger crops
are made in both States, the average
only is given.
it will appear from this comparison
how the Northern farmer can afford to
pay so much for labor. It is because
:ho uses so little of it. His land i»
made to work without labor. Nature
is made to labor for him* and when
her crop of hay is ready she lifts her
voice and says, “The meadow is ready,
secure tho harvest.” The average
which I have given of the usual val
ue of tho pasture, meadow and clover,
($8 per acre) of a New England farm,
is very small.
The answer to this comparison is
ready. VV e cannot, at the South,
adopt this system, for we can grow
neither grass nor clover. . Neither
could the Massachusetts man on those
sterile New England soils, unless he
manured heavily. So far us the grass
and clover are concerned this manuie
costs nothing. The small grain to
which it is applied must pay for it.
The grass or clover gets its share for
nothing. I have seen no part of tho
Status away from the blowing sands of
the immediate coast, in which by
proper manuring and after treatment,
valuable grasses cannot 'be made to
grow sufficiently well to pay $8 per
aero without labor.
Defective and cheap as is our pres
ent labor, it is rapidly decreasing.
* * * *
The black labor which we retain is
generally diminishing in value. This
is especially truo of the nogro women,
who formerly constituted so important
a part of our labor. On this point the
Agricultural department uses tho fol
io .ving language: * * *
- It is evident that tho disinclination
o women to labor in the field, and
tiio efficiency of tho men from being
left to their own management under
the share system, have limited tho
production of cotton and other crops.
The correspondent at Arkansas Rost,
! James H. ivioore, sends reports of cot
! ton picking by thirty-five men and
J women and children in 1859, showing
|an average of 10,291 pounds picked
I by eack in fourteen weeks, equivalent
to eleven bales of four hundred pound#
each. He states that in 1869 nearly
the same number of hands, on tho
same land, did not average more than
one-third of that amount. One of the
hands, “Guy,” in 1859, pieced 12,-
401 pounds in fourteen wee's; and in
1809, but 3,640 pounds in fifteen
weeks He says the reduction is up
on a similar ratio along the Arkansas
River; and if tho same elsewhere,
assumes that the present force of col
ored laborers do not pick more than
1,000,000 halos of cotton.
In this emergency what is to be our
resort ?IV e must import labor v\ hore
fr m ? Men speak of Chinese labor as
equally cheap with negro labor. It is
to be feared that this is a mistake.
A \ery intelligent and truthful citizou
of Georgia, recently from California,
remarked that the Chinese in Sanfrau
< i co were a good deal amused at the
idea of copiing to the South to work
at customary negro wage?. They
lecvo home to better their condition.
They know tho value of labor in the
United States as well as we do. To
expect t > obtain good Chineso labor at
lei s than from $1 to $1 50 per day is
ftllacious. It may be obtained under
font: act in China for less forme year,
but rs soon as the laborer finds that
he ctn get higher wages elsewhere he
will go where he can got it; or if thi
contract binds him for a longer peri
od, he will become so worthless that
that it will be cheapest to get rid o.
him.
We must expect soon to pay th<
current agricultural wages of the Uni
ted States or give up our farms. Bu
it would ruin us to pay these wages t
farm laborers, either Chinese or Eu
ropean, under our present system
What, then, is to bo done ? Wo mus
change our system. It has thus fu
been peculiar, owing to newness an
cheapness of lands, extreme value ts
our staple products, cotton and slav.
labor. “The times chango and wi
must change with tlum.” TJ'e mus.
do as the rest of the agricultural
world has boon doing at home and
abroad \\ lion we cultivate a plowed
crop, whether it bo cotton or corn, it
must bo so heavy manured that we
can afford to employ skilled labor,
with improved and costly implements
to work it.
Tho great body of our open land,
not under the plow, must be put in
such a condition, with grass, clover
and Lucern, that it will more than
it will moro than compensate for the
high wages which we shall soon bo
required to pay for farm labor.
[C. W. Howabd, in the Plantation.
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A Slodel House.
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BEAUTIFUL WOMEN.
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hat he has commenced the Tailoring busi
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BRICK FOR SALE !
r have on hand a large lot of BRICK
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Eufanla Ala.,
"QUA LIT A S NON C UA ST HA S. ”
DR. LAWRENCE’S
Highly Concentrated Fluid Extract of
&(DS!&(©(D 3
TIIE GRATA r HEALTH RESTORER.
No Quark Medicine- Formula Around the Bottle.
PREPARED SOLELY RV
DR. J. J- LAWRENCE,
ttrganic Chemist,
NORFOLK, VA.
KOSKOO!
Strikes ut tho Knot iff Disease by Pu
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Apprved by the Highest Medical Au
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KOSKOO!
Endorsed and recommended by the Presi
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Prcfkssox R. S NEWTON, M. D.,
Professor end President of the Faculty, ate
“Professor Theory and Practice’’ of
Medicine, Cincinnati, ku.
One of the most eminent medical men of
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lowing sTANDAitn medical works: Newton's
“Practice or J/kdicine,” “Diseases or
Cini.Dßix," “Xkwton’s Symes Suroery.” fie.
in December number of American Med cal
lievictc —page 288, says :
“Among the more recent efforts to intro
duce popularly, some of the new remedies,
we notice anew preparation compi unded by
i. J. Lawrence, M. D., of Norfolk, Va,,
which is furnished to the profession and the
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media ne meeting the confidence of the phy
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Koskoo Cures Scrofula in Its
trorsi form
From A. W. Mills, a prominent and well
known merchant of Norfolk, Va.
Ne. 11 Minn Street, Norfolk, Va., Sept. 15, 18G9.
Dk. Lawrknck—Dear Bir : Your Koskoo
has wotked wonders in my family. My
daughter has been a sufferer from Scrofula
since childhood. She lost thirty-one pieces
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arm, besides having ulcers in several parts of
the body. Whilst in this condition she com
menced taking your Koskoo—it acted like a
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koo a specific for all scrofulous affections.
Your koskoo also cured my wife of dv-pep
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five year°.
FFith the highest regards,
am gratefully yours, Ae
A. Ir. MILLS.
Koskoo is endorsed hv the besi physicians
everywhere. Read the iollowing from Dr
Tillerv, a successful practitioner of many
years standing in the Old North S ate :
Rocky Mount, /?<tgeeomb Cos., )
September 10, 1809 j
Dr. J. J Lawrence —Dear Sir.* I have
used your concentrated Fluid Extract of
Koskoo in my practice with the happiest re
au t*. I find i’ to be a powerful Uverlnvigv
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spect Your Obedient Servant,
K. C. 7/LL Ul', it. D.
Koskoo Cures Chronic Rheu
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Norfolk. Va., Sept. 7, 1809.
Dr. J. J. Lawrence—Dear fciir ; Mr son
has received so much benefit (ro;n your won
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With much gratitude,
am respectfully yours, <fcr.,
Mrs. if. JC. A. Nh-LSON.
Read the following from Afr, Womble. a
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No. 13 Market Square, Norfolk, Va., j
Dr. Lawrknck—Dear iso : To the large
number of testimonials which you offer of the
great efficacy ot your Koskoo, I take pleas
ure in adding my own. I suffered greatly
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J. G WOAfBLK.
From Rev. AY. H. Christian, Pastor Din
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Portsmouth, Va., October 25, 1869.
This is to certify that I know Dr. Law
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W. H. C/idiSTIAN.
From Dr. Lloyd, a Physician of large
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Great Bridge, Va., October 5,1869.
J. J. I awrenee, M. D—Deut Sir: / cheerfully
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am sir, yours truly,
CAKL 1 LLOYD .
For .\d<lifioiiiil T«*sfimoniaVn.
F-ora Physicianb, Eminent Divines, Editor h,
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AEION
Hi lift fijißityim
mm.
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throughout, retains the sweetness of the old
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Fulfilt Compound Wrest
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Fulfil! Fill I Iron Frame
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AFFIDAVIT OF SUPERIOR
ITY OVER ALL.
The First strictly Impartial Trial
ever had,
BUM) FOLD TRIALS AGAINT
Steinway’s, Cliickering’s, and other
Pianos.
We, the undersigned make Oath that at
the time of the last Fair of the American In
stitute held in New York, immediately fol
lowing the French Exposition in Paris, two
Pianos, made bv Steinway k Sons, one Pi
ano by Chickering <b Sons, one Patent Arson
Piano, made by G. C. Manner, and several
other maker’s instruments were tried against
each other, by order and under control of
the Officers of the Institute, to decide which
Piano on exhibition In competition should
receive the First Premium "as the lest
Square Piano known." To obtain an impar
tial trial, twice all of said Pianos were cover
edwith papers, sq that one Piano could not
be distinglishcd from another, (during the
absence of the Judges,) and twice did they se
lrct one of said Pianos as the best, which,
upou uncovering, both, rimes, proved to be
tlie said Patent .1 / ION Piano, awarding it
"The hirst Premium" "over all others for
being the best Square Piano known to them."
This trial was after Chickering <k Sons'
Piano had received the Legion of Honor and
Medal, and Steinway cb Sons, the Medal from
Npoleon ! and the Judges of said trial were
EDWARD MOLLENQAUER, Prof, of Music,
Musical Director and Originator of the
New York and Brooklyn Conservatories
of Music.
CHARLES FRADEL, the eminent and favor
ile Composer, and Pianist to his Royal High
ness the Due Gustave ofSax Weimar, Eisen
ach.
FREDERICK R. BRANDIES, Professor of
Music; Teacher, of the higher school of Mu
sic, Ac., &e.
A. D. BESEMANX, O'ganist at Cathedral,
Jersey City ; Pianist, &c.
Julius Neuhardt, Robert Rieoer,
Henry Miller, Charles SoLDWEbEL,
Auot pt Gruknebero Robert Moefneo,
G. C. Manner, (Inventor and Patentee of
the Avion Piano Forte.)
Sworn before me this 221 day of Julv, 18f,9
G G, TAYLOR.
Commissioner of Died*.
The Arion Piano is ihe chkapkst, most
CURABLE, LEAST COMPLICATRD, Inquire* lf»*S I
TUNING and DDKS NOT £©?. OIH of Older, l*f isl j
THE STAA'Ii.I/tlt L1.1.r0.
Write for affidavits, PamphUt and Cirou-
Ur, and state in what Paper you saw this ad
• IST* AGENTS WANTED
in every City and Town where we have not
already appointed them.
The Arion Piano Forte Ca.
Wardrooms and Office, Vo. 55*
Broadway,
Manufactory. IST & ISO Row
cry Sew York.
NEW STOKE !
M. I*. IIOLLIS,
dealer in
groceries
Family Supplies,
LIQUORS, &.C., &.C.
Next door to Soloineo’s Saloon, on
Eist side of Main Street.
| lluviug just opened a large and well
assorted
STOCK OF GROCERIES,-
I respectfully call the attention of tnv
friends and TRADING PUBLIC to
the same, and ask that they
PRICE MY GOODS
before purchasing. Recollect the place
and give me a call.
dee23;6m M P. iIOLLIS.
Fever and Ague
ANTIDOTE
Always Stops tbe CbilU.
This Medicine has been before the Pub
. lie fifteen years, and is still ahead of all
Other known remedies. It does not purge,
does not sicken the stomach, is perfectly
safe in any dose and under all circum
stances, and is the only Medicine that will
CURE IMMEDIATELY
and permanently every form of Fever
and Ague, because it is a perfect Anti
dote to Rnlaria. I
Bold by all Druggists.
Hi*# €f. Ju C&lNftiluUMi
RESPECTFULLY tenders his Professional service? to .he public. Will vi?!t
day or night, patients in town or country. 1 P r #»pUf
UK also offers oheaper than ever sold before In this market, a very large ato»k
Itrua* and Medicine*) l*alnt*, Oil*, ll’inffotr alas*, Tati <
! Articles, Perfumery, Fancy Goods. Fine Cutleru .
den Seeds, School and lilank llooks, Stationary,
relopes , Pens, ink, Wall-paper, FF"tndowShades
Paper-Hangings, 9c., 9c. ’
Having made arrangements with some of the best House? in New York »Dd Philadelnki
make him regular monthly shipment?, his facilities for supplying Physicians with evernkia*
Fresh and Genuine are uniurpassed by any bouse in South-western Georgi, ’
0,„. F,b. „and. mo. °- CHKA ,Jf H AM.
Ftour ! Ftour ! !
•J II CALLAWAY & CO. ?«oibu,
J H CALLAWAY & CO. «»om.u
J H CALLAWAY & CO. ♦*«»«««
Our A Flour has no Superior. NEW Mllic
** Sf
I Our A Flour has no Superior. NEW MI L■ c
L S»
Our A Flour has no Superior. NEW MILLS
FORT GAINES, GA.
FORT GAINES, GA. «-
FORT GAINES, GA.
Fioair, jTlca!, Stockfccd,
Flour, !!cal, Stockfeed.
Flour, Meal, Stockfccd.
oiirCJk oiifUk oiirlsSa oiif(|k
All pnl up iu 100 pound, 50 pound, and 25 pound Sack?.
MEKCII ANTS FEND FOR PRICE LIST.
MERCHANTS, SEND FOR PRICE LIST
MERCHANTS, SEND FOR PRICE HIT.
Add resN 4
i r ,f E. KENNON, Agt„
Jm. B— Jy. For! Gainci, t,?-
BAW^ON
MANUFACURERS OF RAILROAD CAR?.
Agricultural Implements,
Sugar JVSiliw,
Sugar Kettles,
Inin Gearing’,
Thomas Water Wheels,
Shafting and Pulleys,
Iron and llrass Castings,
illill Work off very Description,
Dressed Cumber, etc., etc.
OUI C»?t Iren, Bra?? and Copper purchased at the highest market priec.
A4 order? promptly attended to.
0. 0. NELSON, Pres’t, - - H. ATKINSON, Suo’L
Dawson, Ga., September 9,tf
BURTON k STOCKTON,
UNITED STATES HOTEL,
LOUISVILLE, KY.,
IT A 8 JUST nK K X REFITTED.
Centrally located
Eatent Metalic
WfITE WIRE CLOTHES LINE,
Cvery Family should have one.
Ist- Because it never soils clothes
Rope Line wi 11 j 2d. Because your
clothes never freeze to it; 3rd. 'Be
cause it never rots or wears out—Rope
will; 4 f h. Because your clothes are
never torn, which is done on fences ;
o:h Because you never have by take it
down; 6th. B cause it is twenty times
cheaper than Rope Lin-'—it will last
jour life time, ard alwavs ready.
Call on K B- LOYLEbS, Agent, at
Jjoyless & Griffin’s, aud get one at ooce.
NB. Mrs. Loyless has one that has
been in constant use for mote than two
years, in the weather ill the time, and
aays she would not be without it ten
Mmes the eo-t. m ’ o h 3,tf.
JOY TO THE WORLD I
AN ANTIDOTS
DISCOVERED AT LAST FOB
FEVER.
r I" , HE celebrated Holton Pill, manufacture!
A by Dr. H. C. Bailey, at .dmerieut, Geor
gia, is undoubtedly the best medicine ye*
discovered for the cure of the different form
of malarious fevers, such as chill and f« wr >
fever and ague, intermittent or hiliioui re
mittent fevers, and all forms of disease har
ing a malarious origin.
Sold kg Jane* tls Loyltse, Damon , Ga-, **“
Dealert Generally.
Price One Hollar.
Jffarchßl,-ly.
Sale and Feed Stable.
Wk expect to keep on hand, all tbeieaw*
first class Horses and llules for sale. In °“ r
purchases we look to what is needed m th"
sectian, aDd (rust to merita liberal patroMl*
from those who may need stock.
before purchasing. _
oc2ltf FARNIJM & SHARP*--
W©w BaF
AND
Billiard Saloon*-
South Side rubllc Square, nt*
door to Greer ff buninoi**-
Our Bar will be supplied with fine W®*
and we intend and will have go® l
der. IF. J. C «/•
ia’ch3,tf.