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About The Dawson weekly journal. (Dawson, Ga.) 1868-1878 | View Entire Issue (July 14, 1870)
AGRICULTURAL M»c ccmumu Planter.** An Extract from Mr. Eiclton'* Book, Recently Published and for Solo by J . H r . Rurke Sf Cos., Macon, Ga.—A n Authentic Account by ths Editor of the Book. Mr. Dickson was reared on a farm, and while yet a plow-boy conceived the principles of agriculture that now distinguish the system of farming which has immortalized his name, and bought him not only fame, but fortune. While plowing and hoeing corn in his boyhood, it occurred to him that that method of cultivating was wrong He says : “While plow ing—cutting the roots of plants—l could see the effect of hot days bo hind me in less than thirty minutes, and it would continue for days to dam age the crops, more or less, according to after seasons. Even with the hoe, digging round the corn and hilling up, 1 could see the com wilt at once in hot and dry weather; and the corn would fire more or less, and sometimes be thus prevented from silking well. How was this to be prevented ? I formed my opinion then, and put it in j.ractice os soon as I commenced plant ing.” Again, ho says : “I saw new land, full of mold, never baked, was always easily worked, and would stand a long drought and a heavy wet spell. The conclusion w*e to keep all land in the virgin tt ite, as nta as po sible. How was this to be done ?” The reader will notice that these observations and inquiries struck at the very foundations of agriculture.— His close study of nature had detected a fundamental error, and his genius readily dovised the remedy, which has already been elaborately set forth in the pages of this book. When, years afterwards, Mr. Dick son had determined to invest his all in farming, so strong was his faith in the truth of the convictions of his youth upon these agricultural subjects that he adopted them in his practice, discarding the old stereotyped system of fanning as erroneous. In develop ing the principle of his newly conceiv ed system, aud reducing it to practice, he found that one preparation of laud was ali-sufficient for each crop ; that the lands would be improved—would produce double the crop por acre ; and that a hand could cultivate fifty per cent, more acres, and obtain twice the dividends. Here, then, was not only improve ment —double products per acre—but great economy of labor aud horse pow er. With labored research and expe riment, Mr. Dickson finally reduced those original conceptions to a well or ganized system, which is now submit ted in book form to the public. His peculiar views, his experiments, and the results of his agricultural opera tions, have beeu gratuitously contri buted to the public through the jour nals of the day ; but, to correct some wrong impressions that have been created by correspondents, I wish to give the reader an authentic account of Mr. Dickson’s success iu ■ arming, uu dor his peculiar system, which is now being unfairly aud illegally claimed and appropriated by many persons who have learned the lessons from Mr. Dickson. Even competitors for pre mium crops describe at length what they assume as “my” plan, while three words would express the whole, The J tick ton Plan ! “Facts are stubborn things,” and actual remits outweigh all theoretical speculation; I state au thoritatively what, Mr, Dickson's suc cess has been. At twenty-one years of ago, Mr. Dickson started out with $1,290. By merchandise and tilling, he made £25,000 in fourteen years. At this poiiod (1845) he invested all his moans in lands, negroes, stock and agricultu ral utensils, and commenced larming. lie purcnased two hundred and sixty six acres ot laud, for which he paid from one to two dollars per acre, and foi some as lo#> as tilty cents per acre. This land had been producing four bushels corn pet acre, and two hun dred pounds seed cotton. On begin ning to plant, he followed his own pe culiar notions, putting in practice tho conceptions ot his boyhood ; and these constitute the guiding principles of the Dickson System of harming to day. These early impressions have been verified by experience, and thor oughly demonstrated by successful re sults. He sa s his crops were Jim from tho very first, and that he has never failed to make good average crops, no matter what the seasons The reader will observe that Mr. Dickson’s first crop was a success; and that, at that time, guano had not been introduced. This fact tends to correct the impression that Mr. Dick son’s success in farming has been at tributable alone to the liberal use oi “ammonia, ’ —in other words, to the employment of guanos. He says his crops were good liom the first; and every reader of this volume knows that he did not use much guano until 1857. Yet his crops were “fine’ from the very first, and paid good divi dends ! What does this show ? Clear ly, that most of his success as a farm er has been due to his peculiar meth od of treating his lands, and not ma terially to bis feeding his land with ammonia The principles of cultiva tion, in his system, are essentially dif ferent from the popular system of ag riculture, and to this system, at a uho*, must we attribute his success. Peru vian guano, or even the “Dickson Compound, ’ used according to the common plan of farming, would not produce half such ri suits. The “mag ic” is to be found in toe way it is used and the general policy of treating anti cultivating the land* It is a great mistake to say, that guano has made Mr. Dickson. The fact, Mr. Dickees has made the guano market. Native genius. grtod judgment his study of nature and her laws, au.l their appli cation to agriculture, have made Mr. Dickson. True guano hits been a po tent agency in his hands; but it has p..id hotter with hint time it has with uino-tenths of the planters, because he has used it in accordance with the principles of rational agriculture. But the liberal use of fertilizers constitutes uu important ingredient in his system of farming. Guano has paid him, while it has proved worthless with many who have not employed it with a proper system of cultivation. Mr. Dickson’s system must be taken as a whole; and in calculating his results, guano must come in only for a part of the credit. Mr. Diqksou had planted nine years before he used guano to any considerable oxtont; and yet liis crops were good. *ln 1846, the second year of Mr. Dickson's planting, he made his first trial of guano. “I saw,” he says, “an advertisement in the American Farm er, Baltimore, of the wonderful effects of lVruviau guano. I procured three sacks,- aud used it, aud finding ic paid, used it in increased quantities, till 1855 or 1856, then went into it fully.” Very soon after this, Mr. Dickson commenced having bones prepared with acid, according to English farm ing, furnishing what we now use as dissolved Bones.” This ho combined with Peruvian guano, and ultimately ho added land plaster, salt and potash. This combination was the result of a great deal of exjtoriinunting with all kinds of guanos ; and, as the reader knows, it is now his favorite “Com pound. ’ The reader will notice on 123d page, an experiment with this compound, and the result. With sl7 worth per acre, the crop was three thousand pounds per acre the field over—equiv alent to two bales, which at the mar ket value at that time was worth $250. Some acres of this field produced six thousand pounds per acre. On page 23 will be lound an expe riment, showing tho great advantage of using the whole compound—the beneficial effect of the addition of land piaster aud salt to Peruvian guano and dissolved bones. This formula was produced by Mr. Dickson, and was the result ot a vast amount of ex perimenting with all kinds of guano, und which, he says, is as near perfect as a manure can be made. With this mixture, together with his improved system of farming, Mr. Dickson has produced those “labuious” results with which he is accredited.— Before the the war, his crops averag ed him from ten to fourteen bales cot ton per hand, and nearly one bale per acre, besiues an abundance of corn, lodder, bacon, etc. He raised enough bacon and gram to pay lor two-thirds of his guano, liu cultivated and gathered tilty acres to tho hand—thir ty-three iu corn and cotton, and sev enteen in wheat aud oats, buck was his economy of labor, aud his system of management, that the visitor might ride through his lurm, without seeing a weed or a bunch ol grass iu his crop. His hands would gutaer —some ol them three bultis cotton per week, and many of them two bales, during the favorable part ol tho season. (Join aud fodhor were always stored around him in abundance. He bus made as high as six thousand pounds per acre, aud his average crop lias been nearly one bale per acre. 1 have seen muen oi his crops lor the last three years, und have not seen many acres in any of these crops that 1 estimated at lets than one bale to the aero. True, the crops that i saw were on the best part of his larin, and received the most of his attention. 1 saw a field of his last Fall, planted in J une, that had four teen Hundred pounds cotton to tho acre. Mr. Dickson says, that last year (1869) was the dryest and hottest year ho ever saw ; Unit he had but one rain during tho bummor, aud that in August. And yet ho made a good average crop. 1 saw his crop in No vember, and consequently know what 1 say. lie made last year—that is, all liis tenants, black and white—be tween seven hundred and eight hun dred bales of cotton. Those tacts ver ity what Mr Dickson claims for his system of farming—that good crops can bo made with the least rain that can lull any bummer, and that if the work is properly aud thoroughly done, there need be no such thing as* a fail ure. The many reports made by visi tors and correspondents, as to Mr. Dickson’s crops, are substantially true. He has had unprecedented success dur ing las whole farming career, wituout a single failure, and still sustains his reputation, by producing larger and suit larger crops. He has no success ful rival as a planter ; and it may tru ly be said of him, “he stands at the head of his profession.” Ho once bought a plantation, with tho negroes, stock ami everything on it, and paid for tho w r hole w.th one crop. He did not visit the place till June, and only once or twice after wards that year. In 1859, Mr. Dick son, with 50 hands, made and gather ed six hundred and sixty-seven hales of cotton, besides one hundred dollars’ worth per liaud ot bacon, corn, etc. So successful was Mr. Dickson in making money by farming, tiiat his little plantation of two hundred ami sixty-six acres rapidly extended its ares, and now, in the language of a correspondent, “he owns the domains of a prince.” He has bought up the lauds around him, in some directions for ton miles, and now owns a body of twenty thousand acr s, besides ten thousand acres in Texas. When the war began, his property was worth, by a fair estimate, f500,000, clear of all encumbrance. This he had made in fifteen years by farming, with a capital of 825,000 to start with. Not a dollar had been made outside of his farm. Here is a strong contrast be tween the profits of trade and mer chandise and larming. It took him fourteen years as a trader to make $25,000 ; but during the fifteen years succeeding, he accumulated $500,000 by farming—not counting eight hun dred hales of cotton, and a large sup ply of bacon and grain, given to the Confederate Government, and destroy ed by Federal soldiers. H« delivered to tho Government four hundred bitles of cotton, for which lio tret nothing ; u...i aft*. i the first year of the aar ho planted no ootton, but raised provis ions for tho army, and for most of which ho received no pay, not even in Confederate. General Sherman burn ed four hundred bales cotton, took all his stock and a large amount of pro visions. He owned two hundred and titty select negroes, which were worth titty per cent more than the average of negroes Since the war, Mr Dickson has boon planting cautiously, “not caring to save money till we hod a Govern ment that would protect us in person and property.” He says his crops have been fair, but his dividends less than before the war, because of bad labor, a'ealage, killing stock, etc. He is now working on the tenant system, and is again making his nine hundred bales cotton, including his Texas crop, and declaring good dividends. Ho spent, last year, $14,000 for fertilizers, and has bought $20,000 worth for the present crop, (1870). He uses the “Compound” exclusively for all crops, aid plants the “Dickson Cotton.” He owns thirty thousand acres of land, a good deal of raiiroad and company stock, besides his plantation stock, farming implements, etc., amounting in the aggregate to not much less thun half a million dollars. Add to this amount hie losses from the war, and the emancipation oi liis slaves, which he says wore “worth $300,000,” and the reader can approximate what would have been Mr. Dickson’s wealth, &g the profiits of twenty-five thousand dollars, losing near five years of this time, for during the war he planted no cotton, but raised provision crops for the Government. Estimating all these losses, who can say that Mr. Dickson would not have been worth, to-day, one million dollars, but for that unfortunate war, that swept away his earnings ? Mr. Dickson has always lived well, entertained a great deal of comjiany in sumptuous style, and allowed him self every comfort and luxury that heart could desire. He has devoted more than half his time, since he has been farming, to his visiting friends, who, attracted by his fame as a plan ter, came from all parts of the United States to eoo his farm, and obtain in formation in regard to his system of agriculture. He has ridden with them thousands of miles, and through all kinds of weather, and written and read no telling liow many wagon loads of letters, besides his contributions to the agricultural journals. Having an innate fondness for ag riculture, Mr. Dickson gave himself to its study with all the zeal of a devotee, and would have given it “all the ener gies of his intellect,” but for the di version occasioned by constant inter ruptions and taxes upon las time. Iu estiiiiating the sum totals of his suc cess in his agricultural pursuits, a large sum must be placed to his credit for this loss of time. For mauy years past, not a mail, perhaps, that does not bring him from a dozen to several dozen letters, to be read and answered, on the subject of agriculture. This requires time, and a great deal of time ; and his house is scarcely over free of company aud visiting friends. I rue, he is delighted to see them come, aud often invites company; yet, tho attentions thus necessarily devoted, occasion neglect of his business, and lessen his products. Very many persona think that Mr. Dickson s reports as to large crops, are taken froiu his fancy-brag patches, and that his general crop does not correspond. This is uncharitable, as well as untrue. He claims credit for liis general results—so much coru and cotton per hand. Like a general in the army, he operates from his headquar ters at home. His larm consists of many little sanes, which he seldom visits, aud some he has not seen since the war. He furnishes the imple ments aud muterial, and gives direc tions ; but tho execution ot the work is entrusted entirely to tho laborers, having no overseers or superinten dents ; nor did he ever have un over seer even in slavery times, except on one place. It is evident, then, that Mr. Dickson’s success has been attrib utable to tho advantage of liis system of farming, together with his general policy and management. He has tioen richly rewarded for liis zeal and research in tho study of agriculture ; and the reason that so sow approach him in results is, they do uot loilow his teachings, or his practice. Suc cess depends upon tho adoption of his sy item at a teftoie. Guano alone is not the “potent chann;” neither is deep breaking of the land, or subsoil ing, or surface culture, or rotation of crops ; but all these agencies must be taken in combination. The neglect of one may paralyze the whole!. This system is drawn Irom tho study of na ture’s laws, aud not one ol its precepts may be safely violated. Mauy who undertake to loilow the Die Kaon plan oi farming, do it only in part, and consequently the failure, its beauty and strength consists in the union of its parts. Adhere rigidly to the prin ciple, and carry it on iu practice, i*tudy it as a system—as a whole. Execute it with tact aud judgment, and confi dently expect results approaciiing the i success that has rewarded the labors ! of Mr. Dickson. Any man would like to turn apoth ecary when money becomes a drug. Tho best circulating medium—the blood. All flowers of speech spring from tulips. How to write a wrong—put it on paper. Saxe says that “laws, like sausage, cease to inspire respect in proportion as we know how they are made.” A loi&r looting at his watch after midnight, said to his sweetheart, “It is to-morrow morning! 1 must hid 70a ’ good-night.” 9*4 gGh'frtnunW. LAREESr-dEST-'CHtAPcSn I.''idei'i>iitc, Indtialrj, f* rl ' lil.ihe.a'ifv. and :h- B Tsb-r'. have for over Twenty yeart. been freely naed upon |,!oore’j kbral Jievr Yorker, Anri •» imslt it U now pre-eminently, the Xar ce.t, beet and cheapest Illustrated llyel. Liter* fy end Family weekly In tin world. 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C Manner, »nd several other maker's instruments were tried against each other, by order and under contiol of (he Officeta ol the Insti'nte, to decide which Piano on , ;bibition in competition should receive the Fir*t PreiT’ , ini “at the best Square Piano knoirn .” To obtain an impar tial trial, twice all of said Piano, were carer ed with papers, so that one Piano could not be distinglished from another, (during the absence of the Judges,) and twice did they ee lect one of said Piano* as the best, which, upon uncovering, both times, proved to be the »aid Patent A l ION Piano, awirdirig it “The First Premium'' “over all others for being the beet Square Piano known to them.'' This trial was after Chickering dc Sons' Piano had received the Legion of Honor and Medal, and Steinwag dc Sons, the Medal frotn Npoleon ! and the J u,lg. sos said trial « ere EDWARD MOLLEX HAUER, Prof, of Music, Musical Director and Originator of the New York and Brooklyn Conservatories of Music. CH ARLES FRADEL, the eminent and favor ite Composer, and Pianist to his Royal High ness the Due Gustave ofSme Weimar, Eisen ach. FREDERICK R BRANDIES, Professor of Mus : c ; Teacher, of the higher school of Mu- A. D.' BESEMANN, Organist at Cathedral, Jersey City ; Pianist, 4c. Julius NauHARnT, Robert Rieoer, Henrt Miller, Charles Soi.uwedkl, August GRUENiDEm R< bkrt Mokeneo, G. C. Manner, ( Inventor and Patentee of the Arion Piano Forte.) Sworu before me tM. 22d day of Julv, 1 Slip G. G. TAYLOR Commissioner of Deeds. The Arion Piano is the cheapest, most curajile, least COMPLICATED, requires less tuning and nnas not get nn» ofo'der, i> is Titk sTvijrD«aun p/.i.vo. Write for xffidivi's. Pamphlet »nd Circu lar, at and state in what Paper you saw this ad- S3TAGEJTTS IVANTED'Jgfft in every City and Town where ive have no' already app»'inted them. The wfarion Plano t'orlr Cn. Wareroutn* autl Office, Mo. 55 I Itroii tl m u y, IflNUMfuelwry. IST & 189 Bow ery New link. NEW STORE ! >l. I*. HOLLIS, DEALER IN G Pt O CER I E 8 Family Supplies, LIQUORS, &.C., &C. Next door to Solomon’s Saloon, on East side of Maiu Street. Having just opened a large and well assorted STOCK OF GROCERIES, I respnotfullv call the attention of my friends and TRMDING PUBLIC to the same, and ask that they PRICE MY GOODS before purebaaing. Recollect the piace and give ate a call. de«23;6m M P. HOLLIS . DR. SHALLENBERGER’S Fever and Ague ANTIDOTE Always Stsys the Chills. This Medicine has keen before the Pub lic fifteen years, and is still ahead of all other known remedies. It docs not purge, does not sicken the stomach, ia perfectly safe is any dose and under -all circum stance*, and it the only Medicine that will , OURE IMMEDIATELY and permanently every form of Fever fifed Agnn. because it U a perfect intk •old fey all Brnegiata- Dr, €. A* RESPECTFULLY fender, hi. Profe..lon.l service, te .be public. Wffl vlait „ day or uight, patient, in town or oeautry. Ptoapfif HE also offers cheaper than ever .old before la (hi. market a very larre at l nruetts e»|/f .WsdlriuM, Paint*. Os/«, s/hm <r Article*. Perfumery. Panes, Uncut*. Fine Cutlers, ’ den Seed*, •school and Wank Hook*, stationa,;, a- " r ‘ velope*, Penn . ink, P'oll-naner, HTnrfo»r.,sik«w.. ' Paper-Uanglngn, 4ft., 9c. Having made nrrnngrnieots with some of the beat Hoa<e. In New York and Phil 8 i ’n'tilse him regular monthlv shipment., his facilities for supplving Physicians with ®l , " l '*(* -Frt'.ll and CU-llllllUtare nniurpassed by any house in South-western «-. *T* r Y ltlill t O. iL. CHE A THAM D'wson, Geo., Feb- 3rd, 1870. * Fionr! FlourYT J II CALLAWAY & CO. «..i niu J fl CALLAWAY & CO. mnEtiu J H CALLAWAY & CO. s»o lB<u Our A Flour has no Superior. NEW MILLS, Onr A Floor has no Superior. Os vw max _ NEW MILLS, Our A Flour has no Superior, jyj ILLS FORT GAINES, GA. FORT GAINES, GA. Our Double Extra ■, FORT GAINES, GA. Flour. .Weal, Stockfee«f. Flour. iVleal, Mock feed. Flour, Ulcal, Morkfred. oiijlßa oiifQi oiiKfta AI! pul up in 100 pound, 50 pound, and 35 pound Sack*. MERCHANTS SEND FOR PRICE LIST. MERCHANTS, SEND FOR PRICE LIST MERCHANTS, SEND FOR PRICE LIST Address, y . , B- E. KENNOK, Agf., an- Fort OalitM, 8r ©AW® ©lf ajL MANUFACTURERS OF RAILROAD CARS, Agricultural Implements, Sugar mills, Sugar Kct(lc§, ©ill ©caring, Thomas Water Wheels, Shafting and Pul!ey§, Iron and Brass Castings, mill Work of Every Description, Dressed Lumber, etc., etc. Old Oast Iron, Brass and Copper purchased at the highest market prier. Ail orders promptly attended D. 0. 0. NELSON, Pres’t, - - H. ATKINSON, Suo'l. Dawson, Ga., September 9,tf BURTON 4. STOCKTON, UNITED STATES HOTEL, LOUISVILLE, KY,, HAS JI’RT B E K N J; KKITTED. Centrallj focutetl. 3?atent IVTetalic WHITE WIRE CLOTHES LINE. Frery Family should have one. Ist* Because it never soils clothes— Rope Line will; 2d. Because vur clothes never freeze to it; 3rd. Be cause it never rots or wears out—Rope will; 4'h. Because your clothes ara never toro, which is done on fences ; sih- Because you Dever bavo to take it down ; 6th. B cause it is twenty times cheaper than Rope Line—it will last your life time, and alwavs ready. Call on E. B- LOYLEoS, Agent, at Lnyless Sc Griffin’*, and get one at oooe K-—Mrs. Loyless has one that has been iu ctu&tant use for mote than two years, in the weather all the time, and says she would not be without it ten Mines the eo*t. m ’ c h G.tf. JOY TO THE WORLD l AN ANTIDOTE DISCOVERED AT LAST FOR CHILLS AND FEVER. r I'HIE celebrated Holton Pill, manufae'ar.J l by Dr. D. C Bailey, at Americu*. Ge*i gia, is undoubtedly the best medicine ye* discovered for the cure of the different forts* of malarious fevers, such as ebill and fever, fever and ague, intermittent or biliioua re mittent fevers, and all forms of disea** ha*" ; ng a malarious origin. Sold hg Jane* its Logie**, Dawson, Ga., ant Dealers Generally. Price One I foliar. -VarchSl.-ly. Sale and Feed Stable. We expect to keep on hand, all the****# B first class Horses and Mules for sale. In on* purchases we look to what is needed in this section, and trust to merit a liberal patronage from those who may need stock. (Jail ® B °* before purchasing. oc2ltf FARNUM 4 SHARP*. AND Billiard Saloon. South Side Pnhiu Sf***™ door to Ureer If Sim moan- Our Bar will be supplied with fine l'‘i u ®£ and we intend and will dcr. ||\ J.ADolv»«l<f ro’oh3,t£.
