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The Flux of Nations.
At the way at which immigrant
are pouring into the Atlautic ports,
there will he added to our foreign pop
ulation this year between 900,000 and
1,000,000 human beings. Never was
the immigrant depot at New York so
full. The Germans are coming in
greater numbers than ever before, and
lately Italy has been adding to the
tides of humanity which are streaming
abrosB the Atlantic Ocean. Nearly all
the immigrants who intend to pursue
farming as a calling leave New York
for Chicago, at which point they are
reinforced by another stream which
comes by the St. Lawrence, the lakes
and the Grand Trunk Railway. Such
vast movements in population have
not been witnessed since the incur
sions of the barbarians into Europe,
when the Roman Empire was in its
decline. Those migrations were neces
sarily slow, as the armies had to con
quer each country they came to before
the lands could be settled. But the
transplanting of nearly one million
people in one year from Europe to
America could only be accomplished
in an age of steam and telegraphs.
These invaders do not come with the
battle-ax and spear, they are armed
instead with the implements of indus
try, and are adding to our material
wealth and' national greatness. Let
them come. Certain evils will develop
themselves in connection with this
vast increase of our foreign population
and it will be another strain upon our
republican institutions. Many of these
immigrants are illiterate, ignorant
and a certain proportion criminal.
But, after all, they belong to our own
race, and the great majority are honest
hardworking people. Their coming
will add to the value of our lauds and
will increase the material wealth of
the country.
The Crops.
Those who wish to see higher prices
for all consumable commodities aie
very anxious for great crops of grain
this fall. With the great immigration-
and the business activity, all that is
needed is a surplus of grain and cotton
to export to see a revival of the prosp er
ous times of ’79, ’80 and the s| ring of
’81, But, timid aud conserative people
are not so sure about the future. It is
argued that in prosperous times peo
ple do not go farming. They throng
to the cities, to the manufacturing dis
tricts, and become consumers of food,
during the hard times, from ’73 to ’78,
an average of 8,000,000 acres per an
num of new land was put into grain.
But since ’79 the increased acreage has
been but little over 2,000,000 acres per
annum. So far the preient year, it is
settled, there will bs less land put into
wheat in Minnesota, Illinois, Ohio
and other States than was the case last
year. It is true there is a much greater
acreage in Texas, Missouri, Dakota,
Oregon and California; but it is
doubtful if on the whole there will be
a s large an acreage in ’82 as there was
in '81, while the home consumption
would be much greater, due to the in
crease of consumers in cities and man
ufacturing districts. Then, it is feared
that as good orops are continuous year
after year, bad crops may also succeed
one another for several seasons. The
country was phenomenally prosperous
three for years preceding the death of
President Garfield. Perhaps the pen
dulum is about to swing in the other
direction.
The Ocean Depths,
The Challengerou its voyage studied
the sea bottom. It appears that on
the surface, and at every successive
depth below, there is life ; as the crea
tures die, their remains fall to the bot
tom, where they are the appointed
food of other creatures. At a depth of
Iseveral miles the Challenger found
rodbrought np a creature seven feet
lign.
^Many of the creatures at these depths
fre more or less phosphorescent. Wa-
jr is the chief ingredient of life. It is
re food, the blood and the strength of
use poor creatures—fur more than
[he comparatively weak constituents
| our own physical frames. It is wa-
alone Inside that can withstand the
[essure of two and a half tons to the
rare inch, a pressure that will crush
[sams of pine wood us if they were
■ised through rollers; but that has
fleet on sponges, mollusks, and
lighter creatures that almost dis-
iu the air aud sunshine.
iford Coyler has been Areated at
japolis for manufacA’iug and
Lountur/eit 5-cent «kel coi
Extracts from Emerson.
A Column of Shining Stonea Picked Out
from his Irregular Masonry.
We owe to man higher success than
food and fire. We owe to man man.
— [Domestic Life.
We prize books, and they prize
them most who are themselves wise.
— [Quotation and Originality.
Nature is a rag-merchant, who
woiks up every shred, aud ort, and
end into new creations.—[Beauty.
But the people are to ba taken in
very small doses. If Bolitude is proud,
so is society vulgar.—[Society and
Solitude.
One of those conceited prigs who
value Nature only as it feeds and ex
hibits them is equally a pest with the
roisterers.—[Clubs.
Poetry is the only verity—the ex
pression of u sound mind speaking
after the ideal, and not after the appa
rent.—[Poetry and Imagination.
Wherever there is power there is
age. Don’t be deceived by dimples
and curls. 1 tell you that babe is a
thousand years old.—[Old Age.
The true test of civilization ia not
the census, nor the size of cities, nor
the crops—no, but the kind of man
the country turns out.—[Civilization.
The man that works at home helps
society at large with somewhat more
of certainty than be who devotes him
self to charities.—[Farming.
Every naan is not so much a work
man in the world as he is a suggestion
of that he should be. Men walk as
prophecies of the next age.—[Circles.
Go thou to thy learned ta*k,
I stay with the flowers of Spring;
I)o thou of the age* ask
What me the hours will bring.
—Botanist.
Nature is upheld by antagonism.
Passions, resistance, danger, are edu
cators. We acquire the strength we
have overcome.—[Considerations by
the Way.
Every genuine work of Art has as
much reason for being as the earth
and the sun. The gayest cnarm of
beauty has a root in the constitution
of things.—[Art.
His tongue was framed to music.
Aud his hand was armed with skill;
His face was the mold of beauty;
And his heart was the throne of will.
—Power.
No way has been found for making
heroism easy, even for the scholar.
Labor, iron labor, is for him. The
world was created as an audience for
him ; the atoms of which it is made
are opportunities.—[Greatness.
Can thy style-discerning pye
Tha hidden-working Builder spy,
Who builds, yet makes no chips, no din,
With hammer soft as snowflake’s light?
—[Monadnook’
The less government we have the
better—the fewer laws and the lees
confided power. The antidote to this
abuse of formal government is the in
fluence of private character, the
growth of the individual.—[Politics.
The high prize of life, the crowning
fortune of a man, is to be born to some
pursuit which finds him iu employ
ment and happiness—whether it be to
make baskets, or broadswords, or
canals, or statutes, or songs.—[Con
siderations by the Way.
And ye shall succor men ;
’Tls nobleneis to si) ve ;
Help Ihem who oannot help agala;
Beware from right to swerve.
—Boston Htuh.
Life is a succession of lessons which
must be lived to be under»tood. All
is riddle, and the key to a riddle is
another riddle. There are as many
pillows of illusion as flakes in a snow
storm. We wake from one dream
into another dream.—[Illusions.
It never was in the power of any
man or any community to call the
arts into being. They come to serve
his actual wants, never to please his
fancy. These arts have thGir origin
always in some enthusiasm—as love,
patriotism, or religion.—[Art.
The world rolls round, mistrust It not—
Befalls again what ouce befell;
All things return, both sphere and mote,
Aud 1 shall hear my bluebird's note
And dream the dream ol Au* urn dell.
-May-Day.
vance is our legislation. The mau
whose part is taken, and who does not
wait for society in anything, has a
power which society cannot choose
but ^eel.—[New England Reformers.
An Alphabet of Maxims from Longfellow’s
Poems.
Act, act la the living present.
-[Psalm of Life.
Better be dead and forgotten than living in
shame and dishonor,
— [Courtship of Miles Standish.
Challenge the passing hour like guards that
keep
Their solitary watch on tower and steep.
—[ To-morrow.
Did we but use It as we ought,
This world would school eaoh wandering
thought
To Its high state.
—[Coplas de Manrlque.
Each thing In Its place Is best.
- [ The Builders.
From labor there shall come forth reRt,
-[To a Child.
Glass is the world’s luok and pride.
— [Luck of Edenhall.
Heave u is as near by water as by land.
—[Sir Humphrey Gilbert.
Into each life some rain must fall.
Some days must be dark and dreary.
—[ The Rainy Day.
Joy and temperance and repose
Siam the door en the doctor’s nose.
— [Poetici Aphorisms.
Know how sublime a thing It Is,
To suffer and be strong,
— [The Light of the Stars.
Lovest thou God as thou oughteat,
Then lovest thou likewise thy brethren.
—[Cbildren ol the Lord’s Supper.
Man’s unjust, but God isjust.
— [Evangeline.
Nothing that Is can pause or stay.
—[Keramos.
Our to-days and yesterdays
Are tne clocks witn which we build.
- [The Builders.
Pride goeth forth on horseback grand and
gay,
But cometb back on foot and begs Its way.
—[The Bell ot Atrl.
Quite overlooking yourself and the rest in
exalting your hero.
—[Courtship of Miles Standish.
Relentless sweeps the stroke of fate.
The strongest fall. „
— [Coplas de Manrlque.
Bleep, sleep, to-day, tormenting cares
Ol earth and folly born.
—[Gleam of Sunshine.
Think ol thy brother no ill,
But throw a vie! over his fallings.
— [The Children of the Lord's Supper.
Use no violence, nor do in haste
What cannot be undone.
—[ the Spanish Student.
Visions of childhood, slay, O stay!
Ye were so sweet and wild.
- [Voloe# of the Night.
What seems to ur but sad funereal tapers,
May be Heaven’s distant lamp*.
—[Resignation.
'Xcelleth all the rest,
He who followeth love's behest.
—[The Building of the Ship.
Youth is lovely, age is lonely.
—[ Hiawatha.
Zeal is stronger than fear or love.
—{Tales ol a Wayside Inn.
Our life is an apprenticeship to the
truth that around every circle another
can be drawn ; that there is no end in
nature, but every end is a beginning;
that there Is always another dawn
risen on midnoon, and under every
deep a lower deep opens.— [Circles.
And not to-day and uot to-morrow
Can drain Us wealth of hope aud sorrow;
Rut day by day to lovlug ear
Unlocks new sense and Infiler cheer.
—Maiden Speech or the ASolian Harp.
It only needs that a Ju9t roan should
walk in our streets to make it appear
how pitiful and inartificial a contri
The School Age.
Dr. Jacoby has made this a special
study from the standpoint of physiolo
gy. His col elusion is that, as a rule,
a child should not be sent to school
before he is eight years old. Not till
this age is its brain substance suffi
ciently developed. An infant’s brain is
soft. It contains a large percentage of
water. It is deficient in fat and
phosphorous, on which to a large ex
tent, intellectual activity depends.
The convolutions are fewer.
The different parts of the brain do
not grow in size and weight alike, the
normal proportion of the front, back,
and lateral portions not being reached
betore the age of ten. So, too, the pro
portions of the chest to the lower p6r-
tions of the body are not attained, until
the 8 th year, while that part of the
back (the lumbar), on which the sit
ting posture depends, is even then
only moderately developed.
About the fifth and sixth years the
base of the br*in grow rapidly, the
frontal bones extend forward aud up
ward, and the anterior portions grows
considerably. Still, the white sub
stance—the grey 1b the basis of intelli
gence—aud the large ganglia prepon
derate. It is not till about the eight
year that the due proportion of parts
is reached and a certain consolidation,
both of the brain and the organs of the
body generally. Before this period, it
is safe only to give the memory mod
erate exercise.
Fioobel, the founder of the Kinder
garten system, reached the tame re
sult, by observation. Jacoby recom
mends that the children be enter
tained and gradually developed in the
Kindergarten. Here, lie says, their
activity is regulated, their attention
exercised, and their muscles invigora
ted, Both imagination and memory
are taxed, a slight degree only. With
increating years, the grey substance
becoming more and more developed,
their thinking powers are graiAally
evolved. The secret of a thorough
education lies in the uniform develop
ment of all powers. To develope one
at the expense ol the others is to erip
pie all.
A Morganatic Spouse.
Princess Dtlgourouki, who ia nOw
staying at the Hotel de Londres, as
the Countess Sawicska, with her chil
dren, Prince Geerge, aged ten, and
the Princesses Olga and Catherine,
seven and three years old respectively,
has just been “interviewed” by a wri
ter in the F.venement regarding her
reported expulsion from Russia by the
Czar The following conversation is
said to have taken place: “It has been
asserted,” said the Princess, “that
there used to be serious dissensions be
tween the Emperor Alexander III.
and myself. It has been even added
that I had been exiled at the order of
General Ignatietf, the Minister of the
Interior. General IgnatitfF, it is true,
never had any kindly feeling for me,
but that has never been the case with
the present Czar, who wrote me a
letter a few days before my departure
from St. Petersburg asking me not to
leave Russia.” Hereupon the Prin-
ctss, remarking that she had nothing
to conceal, requtsted her laiy-com-
panion to read aloud lhe letter in
question, in which the Czar wound up
by saying he could never forget the
Princess had been “his poor father’s
wife,” aud that as such “his palace
would be ever open to her.”
After the latter had been read the
Princess continued: “You can see
how erroneous have been the mali
cious statements regarding the Czar’s
sentiments toward me. It is General
IgnatiefF, the victem of whose anger I
have been for more than a year, who
has been disseminating the statement
that I was at the head of a party
intent upon producing a revolution to
phw e my little son on the tnrone.
You yourself must feel how absurd
these stories are. Even if I had ever
had any such idea, my boy ceuld not
possibly ever ascend the throne. The
truth, besides, is that I refused to be
crowned, during my hm band’s life
time, so as to be perfectly free regard
ing the country I lore so much. In
Russia, moreover, the law on the point
is strictly laid down. I have never
been anything but the morganatic wife
of Alexander II., and neither I nor
my children therefore can ever sit on
the throne.” At this point the Priu
cess’ explanations were interrupted by
the arrival of the Grand Duke Con
stantine, who warmly embraced the
children. The interviewer was about
to retire when his hostess stopped him
with the remark that she wished to
add that the report that she had hung
out a black flag on the anniversary of
the late Czar’s death was entirely
false. “At the time in question I was
in the Czar’s palace at Gatschina,” she
continued. “The present Czs*r strongly
urged me not to leave Russia or
visit Paris, where, he was sure, all
sorts of rumors would be made current
about me. I think of staying here
another fortnight, and sh ill then go
on to Switzerland.” Princess Doigou-
rouki, we may add, is described as a
very pietty woman of thirty-three,
fair, and very graceful in her figure
and movements.
straight nose, not dumpy
his lips, though thick, are not so tSj
as are usually found on negroes,
has a beard on his Chin and a slij
mustache. His eyes have an urn
look, and we all noticed a tir<i
pressed air about him.
We had a long conversation
him, and, although he did not ev."
much, if any, interest in it, he ttj
wered all our questions, and askec
leadily enough. ’When asked hoj
liked the prospect of going to
land, he said he should be very
to go, and then he should see
Queen and her officers, and ask th^
to let him go back to Zu’.uland.
expected to see many wonders in El
land. He had already seen mj
wonders than th9 heart of a bill
man could conceive. His ideas
England are, of course, rather vaguj
and as he cannot count further,
think, than 100, Mr. SamuelsoD,
convey to him an idea of the size oil
London, told him that one town haf
in it about twice the number of peopj
there were in South Africa. Upc
nearing this he whistled in quite |
Euiopean fashion two or three time
Mr. T was introduced as a-, erq
neer—as one who makes engine
Cetywayo asked him liow he firfj
thought of them in his heart. Mj
T tried to explain to him tbeorijj
of steam engines, adverting to
story of the tea-kettle andthr^J
of Watt. Then we passed ol?
other reom, where we sa^ some? v
royal household, the female attendtl
of the King, who were brought w|
him from Zululand. They were
sitting down sewing when we wel
in, and had spread out before thq
rush spoons, brad necklaces
which they offered for sale at the.!
form price of three shillings, and tl
would only take it in shillings,
of them, the last but one in the lil
stood up. She is very tall, being ovj
six feet, and had her hair dressed inj
very curioHa manner, standing strait
up, somehow, on the top of her h*
The last on the list is ft young gi|
sixteen cr seventeen years,
not had leoking, and when hi
looked very pleasant. B. was
smitten with her, and she see
muched pleased with his atter
When we came out again Cet
thanked us for having bougj
thiDgs he saw we were takin^L
with us, and he talked to me al
my leg (it was in splints, having
cently been fractured). He asked]
if I had taken some medicine
would go down to my leg and cuil
He said that there once was a ma|
Zululaud whose leg was cured
missionary doctor in that way.
When You are Ready to go, I
The Gentlemanly Cetywayo.
After a brief stay in this room Mr.
Samuelson, the interpreter, came to
tell us the King was ready to see
I have purposely as yet left out tL.
King’s name, as I have been thinking
how best to spell It. It is generally
spelled Cetywayo, sometimes Ketsch-
wayo; but neither of these is at all
like it is pronounced. “Tscht-wyo”
is the nearest I can get to it. The
first syllable is formed by striking the
tongue against the upper teeth, ex
actly like an English expression of
impatience when you have done any
thing wrongly, or are scolding any
(Tut, tul). We went In through the
front door of the house, into a sort of
entrance hall, the floor and ceiling of
which were polished. The only deco
ration was a portrait of the Queen.
Cetywayo—I think I had better adopt
the conventional way of spelling the
name—was seated in a large aimchair.
He wore a suit of blue serge, aud had
a black velvet smoking cap trimmed
with gold on his august head. We
all shook hands wilh him and then
seated ourselves on the cliaiM that had
been placed in a row iu from of him.
He ia a huge, powerful-looking,
Btrong^built man. Ilis head seems
a littlesmall in proporBon to his
body ; ^^»ips it is from bwg set on
a pair broad slimild^K There
nor^^Angly look aliuj^Hhu, and
prei^^Bi digng^^^^Auiiers
througi^^Ahe intevvt^^^^^^Aftlr.
£unjj|^^^Ajthe Intel
for
Not all have learned the art of
ing in an appropriate manner,
you are about to depart, ddfco at^
gracefully and politely, antL
dalljing. Don’t say,
time I was going,” and settH
and talk on aimlessly for anothfi
minutes. Some people have jusl
a tiresome habit. They will ever
and stand about in the room in vs
attitudes, keeping their hosts^
standing, and then by an effort su^
in igetting as far as the hall, when i
thought strikes them. They brigll
ip visibly and stand for some mini
longer, saying nothing of impo^f
but keejflng everybody in ft
restless state. After the doer is]
the prolonged leavetaking begiflJ|B
everybody in general and particui
has been invited to flail. Very likf
a last thought strikes the depart*
visitor, which his friend must risk]
cold to hear to the end. What a rellj
when the deor is finally closed! TlieJ
is no need of being offensively abruj
but when you are ready to go—gj
Photographing Rowe
Mr. R A. Proctor suggests in ICnowl
edge that the rowing men of Cm:
bridge aud Oxford should invite M
Muybridge, who recently succeed
In photographingnBhorsf at full g
lop, to photogrup^^a similar wd
the actiou of a i^MHorsoullel
He that
gladly do his pkr
guaranteed, and he
£50 toward an expr^-j^
Proctor thinks thafo
graphs were made, Q
good rowing style
°f*
successful oar ma» ^ 0 j
, determined.
;ht be persi
ieras and so
j"^