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DEMOCRACY OF NEW ENGLAND. On ihr* lih of last July, an immense meeting of Democrats uras held in Bangor, M line, which was addressed at great length by the Hon. Levi Woodbury, of N. Hampshire. Mr. Woodbury was, ftjt ma ny years, the only Democratic member of Congress from New England. He dared to denounce the administration of John (j. Adams at the lime of its greatest pow er, and when it was sustained by a popu- I ir majority in every New England State, lie was an early anti devoted friend of the Hero of New Orleans, and a member of his cabinet during a large portion of bis administration, filling, atone time, the post of Secretary of the Navy, and at another, of Secretary of the Treasury. lie con tinued in the latter office under Mr. Van Buren, conducting the financial operations of the General Government during the stormiest period of the Bank contest, and the existence of the Independent Treasu ry. Years ago lie was appropriately styled “the Rock of New England Democracy.” lie has always he< n Imind on the Ameri can side of every great question which lets agitated the country, and we now find him battling Ihr annexation with till the energies of his giant mind—and that, too, in the remotest portion of New England,! where it was feared the question would leccive llit* least support. He has not hesitated, however, as a New England Democrat, to uphold the American viewof the subject, notwithstanding some West ern statesmen, who boast eternally of then superior Democracy, and who, as repre sentatives, too, of’ Western slaveholding States, succumbed to British and Aboli tion iiiiinr nee, against the safety andqmts-; perity of the Mississippi valley. The language of Senator Woodbury is instinct with patriotism. Coming as it does from a New England Senator, addressed to N. England Democrats, and responded to| with enthusiasm, it must cause the Demo crats of the South and West to rejoice in the promised triumph of their principles, and the faces of the few who have failed to do their duty to their Western constitu ency, to be suffused with shame, if they are not dead to all fgelings of self-respect or patriotism. The remarks of Mr. Wood bury’are pointed and forcible. He fails not to speak plainly, although his shafts may hit some professed political friends. He scorns, as an American patriot, to con sult Mexico, or truckle to Abolitionists or Great Britain on this subject. It is thus a j Democrat should talk every where: “A few words more on the different course of the two great parties in respect to one other vital topic in our national po litics,and I shrill fatigue you no longer with illustrations of the application and great superiority of Democratic principles. It is the topic of re-annexing Texas to the b utted States. I do not fear to touch on such a theme even in the remotest North, where many apprehend the greatest doubt and opposition to it must naturally exist. For T know first, that your patriotism ex tends beyond New Englan I and even the Alleghanies—and that craven would be deemed the wretch who hesitated, by all honorable means, to secure the vast com merce and products of the people of the West and South, its amply as those of the Kennebecand the Connecticut or the Hud son. “When a pnrelinsrofTexas wnslhoughl likely to accomplish all this, under Mr. Adams and Clay, as well as Gen. Jackson rind Van Boren, why is it not so now? II existing war with Spain was no sufficient obstacle then, why is a more doubtful and unimportant one now ? If then the fero cious savage could, by the annexation, bo better controlled, an intriguing foreign enemy placed more distant, anew territo ry usefully opened to cultivation as large as five or six Slates, vast rivers and bays made free to your navigation, and new markets opened !<>r the products of your lorests and fisheries, as well as fields and workshops—why is it not so now ? If then not n single slave would be added to the number already existing in Texas and the Union,hut a drain oroutlet would he open-, ed to receive those unfortunate brings from Northern slaveholding States, so as then more early, by whole generations, to abo lish the institution, why not so now? In short, if then we dared think for ourselves, ami not wail I r the consent of Spain, or England, or France, why not now? Are we less independent of the smiles or frowns of Sir Robert Peel or Louis Phil-: lippe? (No, no.) II is the conduct of Mexico on the field of San Jacinto, or in her marauding parties of convicts and Iri dians, since making war on ihe peaceful: husbandmen and on women and children, shooting prisoners in cold blood or incar cerating them in dungeons—has this in- } human and atrocious, uncivilized, and un christian course by Mexico made her more respectable and formidable in our eyes, and her prowess more to be depre cated? (Numerous cries of “no more.): “ Yet, seeking a great national ol*jecl of security and defence, seeking a restoration merely of fertile fields we once owned, seeking a re-union with our brethren,sons, and neighbors, who have been tempted r vay by colonization laws, and a Repub lican Government which Mexico has since violated, seeking all by peaceful negotia tions alone, and on those principles ol self-government and international law, which are the foundation stones of the whole fabric, on which rest our own sove reignty and independence—what lion! heart around me is to quail? (None.) What eagle eye to full before threats of foreign interferenceor domestic disunion ? (None, none.) The domineering spirit of such interference and the in/>utl treason of such menaces, as to disunion, fail alike to over awe u» in a just cause. If we are, in truth, a nation, and have some right to think, and actTorourselves, amenable on ly to God—if we are independent in fact, as well as in name, and heed no other !* ever, but the power of sound morals, public justice, arid national honor, all ol which w«, of our own accord, have re-i Bpeeled and held inviolate—let us no lon ger vacillate over a measure which is in conformity to these, and vital to our pros perity’ for ages to come. We have some little claim to take a lead in the political affairs of the American continent, and if true to ourselves, we have the position, the character, and right, quite oiiencr to read lectures to European dictators than they to us. Wo quite as seldom engage in such undertakings as conquering India, colonizing Algiers, partitioning Poland, or fighting Chinese till they eat intoxicating opium, or pay for what they do not choose to eat. 'Plie American people have at length been appealed to on this topic by our opponents, and I, tor one, am willing they should decide whether fanaticism,or intimidation, anil catechising, from abroad or at home, are to deter us, not from con quest or aggrandizement, hut from forming a voluntary and peaceful re-union with a neighboring republic, Irorn great motives of advantage to both. “If thus deterred, we re-rivet their chains, or throw them into the seductive and monopolizing arms of our old oppres sors. Let the people, then, speak—de cide. (Yes, yes.) They dare be just and Immune. (Cries they will.) They will dare to do their national duty to their own great country as well as to a suffering neighbor. (Yes.) Impelled by that duty they will yet be one Government as they are one flesh and blood with Texas, and will leave the issue where it belongs, to their own right arms, and the smile3 of that Providence who has ever yet sustain ed them in upholding the glorious banner which floats in the invigorating breeze above and around us. (Great cheering.) “A few more words on the present con dition and prospects of those among us who support Democratic principles, and I have done. “There is much in that condition of encouragement and hope. Since the last Presidential contest, there has been an overwhelming reaction in our favor in every portion of the Union. And though this was succeeded by some schisms and divisions in our ranks, e nding with their natural consequences in occasional rever ses, yet in the popular branch of the Na tional Legislature, freshest from the pen pin, our majority is almost unprecedented ly large. We have also just held a Na tional Convention, where divisions have been healed, where new candidates have | been selected with unusual unanimity, iand where resolutions of the most deci ded Democratic character on all the great questions of the day, have been cordially adopted. Since that the new candidates standing pledged to carry them out, have been welcomed, and tlieir nominations ratified with an enthusiasm which is one of the surest omens of victory. “ Let me add my tribute of experience to this, that these candidates are worthy of your strong approbation and most stren uous exertions. I know them well; I have toiled with them in success ami de feat; neither has ever been known to flinch under opposition. Both have been devoted to the cause of Democracy from the start. Tlieir education, their habits, jatul associations have all been with us, and tire the best pledges of their fidelity. They have been dyed in the wool. (Ap plause.) With both, all is manly, above board, frank, fearless, American in heart, and American in policy; as in principles and conduct. Nor can either be assailed by our opponents, Ihr being in the line of safe precedents, or being the section of a regency or a clique, or as running like a |distanced horse for a third or fourth time, after being spavined, ring-boned, and wind broken in almost all the beaten races of the last twenty years. (Laughter.) Nor is there any prejudice to be excited against them as likely to serve over cne term. One itas already paid a fit and creditable ho mage to public opinion arid policy on that subject. Our attitude is much improved in another respect. If we have been pre vented in the Senate, by the votes of our opponents, from fixing one day for the |election over the whole Union, and thus ■guarding the purity of the polls from pipe laying colonization, and many other -kinds of eleclieneering frauds, we are bet ter able to detect every preliminary move merit towarde them- Guilt is cowardly, ! also and will be less audacious. Nor are |the masses again so readily to be misled | by those whose broken promises stare on them at every street corner, and every | house top. If cheated a second time, it | will be their own fault, after thus being forewarned. So we know our opponents by tlieir deeds, and cannot again be asked jto take them on trust. Their credit sys tem in polities at.least, should l>e at an end. They railed at what they called ex travagance, and have since spent much more. They railed at our debt in time |of peace, which proved to be about five or six millions, and have since added to it over twenty millions. They railed at our temporary use of a few Treasury notes, and have since used many more—railed at an income below the expenditure, and still keep it there—railed at the failure of the banks, by their own overtradings and yet in less than a year destroyed the cre dit of the Government itself, and became unable lo borrow at par to meet punctual ly the public engagements —railed at pro scription, and yet, in the first six months remorselesslly guillotined and removed more from office than we did in twelve years—railed at the use of the pet-bank system, and an alleged union thereby of die purse and sword, yet have resorted to it ever since the first month of their first session, and in short, they made the wel kin ring with the horrors of a standing ar my to consist merely of citizen soldiers from the bulwark of freedom, an intelli gent militia, while they refused to reduce the real standing army, have augmented the navy anti added host of cutter officers clerks diplomatic agents, ami partisan oom missioncr* to influence elections, and prey on the substance of tin* |»eoplc. | “Well may we congratulate each other on our condition and prospects in another, particular. In their great leader we art not obliged again to encounter the glare of | military" heroism or revolutionary glory. No political log cabins now ornament your villages to deceive, fortfie strings are all pulled in. (Cheers.) Coons are few and far between to tluive away the public fan cy’. The cider to intoxicate*an I steel away i your votes i< much scarcer, and singing a President again into power seems baffled by names more difficult to rhyme, and hearers more: sobered and difficult to please I stand not before you to do injustice to out ‘opponents; yielding to them much more; which they claim iti social policy and liter ary lore, as the Corinthian capitals and I ornaments of the edifice, though often cos ting more than the foundation stones, and ! always less useful than they, or the plain apartments for business. Nor do I come lo make invidious comparisons and aver ages as to moral or fanaticisms, but leavr jail which is personal to the sober second thought of an observing community; and andean only regret that our example of forbearance had not been more imitated, and our opponents thus escaped the last, if not least, of their disasters. The mass of caricatures, prepared before the nmni-i nation, the standing slander-; and false is-1 sues and stereotvjred abuse of all kirn’s, are all (bund to Ik- prepared for the wrong! persons, and fall to the ground siill-born. Besides such a calamitous loss ol political ammunition on their pat t, we have now. in our rightful turn, as to measures and pri.icip'es, become the assailing party. \Ye will, by God’s blessing, carry the war into Africa. We are not so soft as to let the enemy choose any note issues tor us. Reanimated anil fortified in this new po ■u’tion by a set of good principles, bv good candidates, a good condition of the party, land good prospects, what is to prevent the unterrifiid Democracy from rising again with Antean vigor? "Truth crushed to '■arth shall rise again.” We have now an open field, a clear deck, skies bright. Near-j lv the whole South and West are with us in a solid phalanx. Texas and Oregon are with those regions the most vital < f na tional questions, and are gradually moul ding l heir whole people into union, energy, and victory. Two at least, of the Middle States are likely to sustain the same views, and with the timely help of yourselves and New Hampshire, should no others come to the rescue, all will be safe. Tims and thus alone, wiil be secured net only quiet: possession to us westward, to the Rio Del Norte and the mouth of the Columbia, but die triumph and diffusion of Demoeratii principles, and till their sa\ing influences on the people at large, who may in time fill the whole spnc from the rising rays ot the sun in the Atlantic to their setting in ’ the Pacific. “On our success in this struggle may depend the destinies of this growing Re public and free principles, the world over for ages. Eyes now gaze on me which may see our population advancing as it Inis advanced, swollen in less than sixty ’years to sixty millions—outstripping both France and England combined, anil with such vast outlets fir agricultural emigra tion to rich virgin soils at the lowest prices, suc h markets f<»r Eastern fabrics, such du rable security for comfortable livelihoods 'to the middle classes on the prairies and valleys ot the West, rather than haggard visages in heated factories, such strong guards to Republican principles.in these virtuous pursuits and ample resources, not only for subsistance, but useful education | and moral training of the young,it is not ex travagant to expect, that, i i- remaining true to our principles, they will then have secu red a foothold and development, making ns, if not the enemy of all nations at least independent of tlieir influences, and fear less of their taunts as well as their power. Falter not, then waver not, faint not. (Cheers.) But one honorable course re mains fir us, either to carryout and on j ward the liberalizing, elevating spir it of the Democratic principles, which weie consecrated by oar fathers on the day we celebrate,or acknowledge the incompe tence of the people for sell government, renounce our national independence, and Ireturn once more under the iron tide ol our ancient oppressors. Base and dero gatory are all our pretensions to sovereign ty or greatness, if they are not manfully | sustained—and a nation which tamely sub mits to be curtailed of its fair proportions, first in the Northeast, next in the North ! west, and last in the Southwest, and this ! from fear of a jealous rival, or to purchase iquiel at the cost of rights, security, great ness, and honor, is unfit to continue separ ately in the family of nations. “The Democrats as a party denounce ! such degradation;you will all denounce it. (All, all.) Such a spirit, the true spirit |of Democracy, is not only that best fitted to save the nation, but to build up luster and firmer anew State and a new’ city dike yours, and thus the calls of interest unite with those ofdutv and glory, to ral ly you under the flag of tli:.c Democracy, surmounted as it waves before us with the inspiring names of POLK AND DAL LAS. (Cheers.) “Under that flag you cannot fail to con quer, if the battle cry is vigilance, energy, and union; and believe me victory now will give a strong assurance of victory for ever. (Loud applause.”) Such is the spirited language of n wholesouled Democrat, breathing the lofty spirit of a true American Senator. Do not Missourians think they would have been better represented in the United States Senate by such a noble spirited Democrat, than by the man who went over lo J. (j. Adamson the great Texas ques tion ? What thinks the editor of the Mis sourian on this point, if he can think with out authority from his master ? In the foregoing we find no insidious thrusts at the Democratic candidates for President uial Vice President, no denunciations of their nominations as the result of “an in trigue which nullified the choice of the people, the rights of the people, and the principles of our Government”—no false j i charges about a plot to dissolve the Union! and uo furnishing ofamunition for the en-j etny to use against the friends of Polk and j Dallas. It is thus a Missouri Senator s'lou’d have spoken, and should now lac! -peaking in defence of the Democratic cause. If the State represented by him 1 was safe for Democracy, he should like Woodbury’, go among the people of a doubtful State, and arouse their patriotism their love of Democracy, and all their no blest emotions, in aid of the Democratic cause anil of its nominees. The contrast I furnished by the conduct of one of our Sen- j ators, must he humiliating to every Mis souri Democrat. —Missouri Reporter. GEN. M’CALLA’S SPEECH. Today we insert G n. M’Calla’s speech made at the democratic mass meeting in this city on the 1 sth instant. We have heretofore laid before our readers the im perious reasons which compelled General M’Calla, in self defence in the exercise of ibis judgment, to speck plainly, directly, and*distinctly of Mr. Clnv’s public and private character, so far as he believed it | necessary and proper in his own justifica tion,and tor the information of the public. | Gen. M’Calla is a gentleman of-high and distinguished standing in Kentucky—of nature years—long an elder in a respec table church—and the neighbor and fel low citizen of Mr. Clay, both living in the |same county. Asa man of honor and I gentleman of responsibility in every sense, Gen. M’Cnlla is the equal of Mr. Clay or of any man. Again as authorized !»v Gen. j M’C. who corrected his speech with his | own hands, we ask, that any person who .nay t)i-iU.>po-evl. lo.donhi his truth, or who may w ish to ascertain the facts with grea ter certainty, to rente lo Mr. C/tty himself. Gen. M’C. ask for no other witness to be |examined as to ail the material points in ’question. We hope bis speech will be j carefully read. Speech of Gen. M' Call a, of Tehington, Ky. de/irered ot the Democratic Moss meeting at bashnille, Tennessee, on the 1 5th of A"gu.,t. 154-L The present contest fellow citizens, is one which involves, in an eminent degree, the destiny of our free institutions. Every matt who possesses the right of suffrage should exercise it w ith a view to the res ponsibility which he owes to bis country, to bis posterity, nntl to his Maker. The character utul principles of the candidates for office should undergo strict scrutiny, f specially where tbev are calcu lated to impress themselves so deeply on die fortunes of our country. The onlv point in the eloquent address of the gen tleman frotn New York, (Mr. Melville,) from which 1 dissent, is the inutility or impropriety of examining their prireite 'character , as well as tbeirpoiiticalopinions. Men ;n office exercise a great influence on the conduct of society, in all its rela tions, as well social and moral, as politi cal. Christians have often avowed the opin ion that moral deportment, if not religion? .opinions and professions should i>e consi dered essentia! to ts e character of a can didate (nr political office. Their reasons are strong and with me conclusive. Our Whig friends always ait upon that belief, where a Democrat is supposed to fall be low the standard of excellence. Let us see ii’they will abide it now. I presume there are many professors of religion, of different lietiominotions, both w hig and democratic, who are now presnnt. Per haps there are ministers of the gospel as well as private members. To you fellow citizens, I appeal, in viewof that account which you and 1 have to render to a tribu nal far above any popular or earthly res ponsibility if yon shall hereafter cast your suffrages for the great leader of our oppo nents, who is now again stretching forth his eager grasp towards the long desired object of his ambition. I intend to speak plainly, so that I may he understood, and to let the consequences, so far as your con sciences are concerned, rest upon your selves. You shall not hereafter, when re proached for supporting for that high office art unworthy and itnmorral aspirant plead ignorance, and ask me, why did you not I inform me of it ?” I did not seek to make MR. CLAY’S GAMING a matter of discussion, in tnis canvass. In a speech which I made in March last, 1 ! referred to a declaration in one ofthe Ju nius tracts, that Mr. Clay had long since I abandoned that practice which had so trongly marked bis early 1 ife —not to at tack Mr. Clay, but to discredit the author. 1 remarked that the assertion was utterly untrue, and that he had very lately been engaged in playing cards for money. Some indiscreet friend of his assailed tne by letter in one of the whig presses, as j being guilty of slander. That brought on a variety of public notices of the subject and an inquiry on the part of many reli gious whigs into the truth ofthe charge. My position becomes, therefore, material ly changed by these circumstances, and ] [shall not hesitate to discharge the duty which it devolves upon me. 1 am told by some of Mr. Clay’s friends that hedoubtless has in early life, or in days passed by, indulged himself in that most dangerous and seductive vice, but that now he is a reformed man. If he be a reformed man in that particular, his refor mation must have occurred within the last !lbur weeks. I had occasion to ride to Maysville in the latter part of last month, and stopped at the Blue Licks to drink some of its fine water. Mr. Clay had left the springs a day or two previously, hav ing there spent the preceding week. THE FIRST THING WHICH WAS REMARKED ABOUT HIM WAS HIS HAVING BEEN ENGAGED AS USU AL AT THE CARD TABLE, PLAY ING FOR MONEY, I WILL NOT NAME HIS ASSOCIATES. On irty arrival at Maysville, I lie same details were given there, and some addi-, tional one*. MR. CLAY DUE:3 NOT, AND WILL NOT DENY THIS CHARGE. If any of his whig friends choose to de ny it lor him, I advise them, nay, I urge them to write to himself on this suljeet, and they will soon he satislied. He pur sues this practice without concealment. — Mr. Clay is a hold man, and ac ts upon his impulses with frankness and fearlessness. My own opinion is, that if the alternative !ofthe presidency without his favorite pttr isuit or the pursuit without the presidency were presented to him, he would choose the latter. This may appear staange and extravagant to some; but they will not think so when they shall learn the power which a long-indulged practice, grown to a passion, acquires over the human mind. Such, I conceive is the condition of Mr. Clay. I do not impeach Mr. Clays right to act as he may think most conducive to his own happiness in this matter, where tie does not infringe the laws of his country. With his conscience I have nothing to do. He lias to make up an answer for his own ac count; but when the people are again cal led upon after having twice before rejec ted bis solicitations to elevate him to trie highest office in the nation, it is proper that they should act advisedly, lit the PHILADELPHIA BAPTIST RE CORD, a strong and even eloquent appeal is made to the Christian public in favor of Hr. Frelinghysen, upon the ground that he is the Bible candidate. It says: “As Christians, eitr country lias claims i upon onr services;and in exercising those, duties w hieh belong to us as citizens, let us have a lively regard for the religious and moral bearing oTour ebndueTTtpo tithe comunity in which we live, in the vote we po[l. Let us remember, that if we are to have wise, virtuous, and pious rulers, the change must be mainly accomplished | through the religious community. There fore in the matter to the vice president, ; let us act upon principle, a rid not lie sway ed by patty: let ot.r consciences and our religions feelings influence us, rather than I expediency and selfishness. Let us act as Christians should art, both uprightly & independently, and with firmness cf pur |K>sp, though we should sacrifice the pol itical party with which we have been con nected.” In the whole article, neither the presidency, nor the candidate for that high office, is once mentioned. We have la right to infer, then, that the pious editor of the Baptist Record intended to hold pi ous democrats bound to vote for his Bible candidate, even at the (Sacrifice of th-ir “political party,” while he and his pious whig friends are to pursue a different course as lo the presidency. They an not to “act upon principle,” but to be “swayed by party;” their -‘constat nee and religious feelings” are not to influence them, hut “expediency and selfishness;” they are not to "act as Chrisfia >s should act, \ froth upright and independently” in (he se lection of the higher office. Verily, all this must occur if they select Mr. Clav. But there is another charge against Mr. Clay, which I consider as involvinga dee ! per stain and heavier guilt than the offence |already specified. It is the death of tit*' amiable, the lamented C'hilley. I sum mon Mr. Clay to answer before you, fel low citizens, for that melancholy catastro phe. He actually wrote the challange; he counselled with the man who slew him and permitted the duel to proceed to its final termination-when one word from him would have arrested it. For not preven ting it, I hold him responsible to the com munity. But if it he true as is confident ly asserted, and as I believe, whithout his contradiction, that when Chilley fell, he remarked that it would be “a nine days’ bubble,” he betrayed a hard, a stoney heart! Oh ! you of this great assemblage, w ho are wives, fee! for the widow and the or phans ofthe slain who wa/»estimable in all thequalities which makea loving husband, an affectionate father, and a true friend. He was descended from a revolutionary hero, whose name is recorded on a bright page of his countrys history. He was tal ented, first rising in public estimation, and hade fare to reach the highest honors of his country. His wife, who loves him j dearly, was anxiously awaiting his return from the halls of Congress. But a letter arrives—she opens it—she is struck as by ; a thunderbolt of woe—“tho duel and the dead!” Oh, that “ninedays’ bubble” will continue to haunt Iter broken heart, and j crazed mind, until the kind messenger death shall usher her into a world where the wicked ceases from troubling. Had her husband died as the brave love to die, on some well-fought field battling for his country —had he perished on the wreck, amid the roar of ocean’s waves; or had he fallen before disease, she could have borne it. But “the duel tint! the dead!” He died in violation of what he knew to he the laws of his Creator. That was the steel that entered her soul! That was the poison in her cup of wo. “ They’re seared upon her shrinking breast, That hu’si beneath its doom; The duel! and the dead ! they haunt, The threshold of her tomb.” And now you, who are pious Whigs, are invited to go to the polls and vote, in full view 1 of all the consequences which your example and influence will inevita ble produce on yourcounty.in its religious, its political, and its social relations. The Democratic party offer to your supjHirt men every way worthy of it. Both are I eminent lor talents; have served tlieir I country with distinguished reputation in j high stations; their characters have under gone the “test of talents, of scrutiny and of lime,’’ and have come forth brighter from the trial. Wc defyassault upon them. The most malignant demagogue, the most slanderous whig editor, is invited to exam ine their conduct, us citizens, as heads ot families, as men. The result with the lion st, the moral, and unbiased of the, community, will be a glorious triumph. Duelling.— Most deeply is it Jp Ik*, so, merited that this practice should still exist, If, however, the ideas of injuries were con fined to causes of real importance, those san guinary acts of revenge, the offspring of un governed passion, would unquestionably hp greatly diminished iu point of number.— Men who are cool and considerate allow reason to continue in her seat, giving tio of fence to others, nor allowing themselves to be provoked- Such a practice, in its very nature, is atrocious, be ause the challenger assumes a self-created power of private judgment in criminal cases, and overturns legal authority by despising courts of law established by the Legislature, and refuting to take cognizance of injuries. It amounts to contempt of law human and divina. (Acts xvi, Rom. iii, 2 Cot. vi, James iii, Kphes.v and Mat. v,) is an offence against the Gov ernment of the country, an asrnniption of private authority, and man becomes the a venger of his own quarrels ; in one word it amounts to a flagrant violation of every principle of sound justice when individuals take on themselves, in their own cause judge, jury, and executioner. Such an too, must be aggravated by the considera tion that duels prove altogether useless in ascertaining the truth, punishing the guilty, er deciding in favor of the injured, h, Sweden the survivor suffered capitally During one ofthe campaigns ofGustavtis the Great he published an edict against it and the punishment of death. Two offn cers asked the monarch, however, to settle their dispute like men of honor, when he promised to he a witness of their valor. The lv.rig attended, with a body of infant ry forming a circle around the combatants, and desired of the executioner of the army that the instant one fell the head of the oth er should be struck off. This had the de sired effect, both dropping at the font of his majesty and tmploritigforgivrness; and time, an end was put to duelling or assassination in shedding human blood in Sweden.—[Rae Wilson on Finland and Sweden. Extract from a late speech inPar liament. —But what 1 want our opponents the opponents offrde industy, to lay to heart is, whether, it) the course they are pursuits they are not fighting against nature itself’ and against the laws which guide and bind the universe. [Cheers.] lor what, gentle men, what is the obvious meaning, what is the inevitable inference of those arrntio-e --nients which mingle on the surface of our globe—so much of want here, and so much of abundance there ? 1 lore, such utter des titution ; there, such prodigal profusion ? Writers of fiction and iancy have been pleas ed sometimes to attribute voices to the winds, and to people with sounds the ech oes of the hills; but the real words which Nature sends forth through nil her wide de partments are “work” and “exchange.” [Cheers.] And though, gentleman, I know that this subject is too universal and too general to stand in need oi any partial illus uatieiis, and though 1 know that the infor mation of many at this board commands both the entire range and special details of all that concernsjt, yet 1 could not help feeling myself, individually, how vividly these Abstract truths were brought home when I traversed the broad prunes and the boundless forests of another hemisphere.— in idle rich mould of their virgin soil,deep with the deposites of uncounted centuries, and in those alluvial plains, and in those rivers whose giant bu lbs civilization has hardly as yet explored, 1 recognised a call indeed for tillers and cultivators of their own—materials, indeed, for states and com monwealths, and empires of tlieir own; but along with these an ample store, inexhaus tible granaries, whetes the wide range of our own destitution might be supplied, the menacing advance ot our own pauperism be stayed, and the hungry of England be fed wnh bread. (Cheers.) And is not this, gentlemen, what we most want ? The tra veller in foreign climes finds many grounds" for exulting in the superior advantages of Ins country’, llelikesto think of her wide spread power, ot the wonders of her civili zation, ot her proficiency in art and science, ot her (ree, yet balanced institutions, and, most ot all, perhaps, of the healthy moral lone, the sterling sense, the frank honesty which he rej 'ices to believe are still the proud characteristics of her population.— Hut ins tendency to exultation is checked, Iris too great disposition to boastfulness, perhaps is silenced, when he considers and contrasts the fearful pressure; nay often the sharp destitution ; nay, and sometimes the biting famine, which visits so many of her homes and families. TWO DOLLARS A DAY & ROAST BEEF. In ilie year eighteen hundred and forty, The song of promised relief, Which was sung 'o the poor by the haughty, \V as "two dollars a day and roast beef” Then the banners were flying and slreaming, To reason the people were deaf, They went through the universe screaming, “Two dollars a day and roast beef, Medals,sashes, and badges now flourished, W ill) portraits betokening grief: The wearers hoped they should be nourish’d, \\ ith “livo dollars a day and roast heel.” The woodchuck, the skunk, and the coon too, And the Ibx, that inveterate thief, Lent their skins to tlie whigs, with tlieir tune, too “ Two dollars a day and roast beef.” They swiggled and they guzzled hard cider, In masses beyond all belief; ’Mid the fumes, their mouths opened wider —> “Two dollars a day and roast heel.” The star then above the horizon, Was soon overshadow’d with grief; For the people have never set eyes on, “Two dollars a day and roast heel.'’ The pledges were broken—truth vanished! AN here now was the promised rebel? Tlie dream of “two dollars” had vanished, And also the hope of “roast beef.” Wigan.—Working Females in Cott* Pits.— On Friday last, Mr. Blcasdale, coat proprietor, was fined £5 for allowing ‘ c ' males to work in his mines, and in conse quence a number of females were discharg ed from the collieries in tire neighborhood, who, it appears, have been working ,l j r some time in the mines, habited in male a - The colliers in this neighborboo complain loudly of the injury that has been mllicted on their families by preventing females accustomed to work in the mini from obtaining an honest livelihood. 5500 . few, we believe, have got employment the cotton mills since the passing . Ashley's bill; but others, and by * ,ir . greater portion, are out of employment, •' may be driven to sock a miserable M* s once by means still more objccttonnb.e I working ill the mines under proper reg tions. (Liverpool Mercury.