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- CLISBY & JONES, Proprietor*. THE FAMILY JOURNAL—NEWS—POLITICS- LITERATURE—AGRICULTUBi—DOMESTIC NEWS, Etc—PRICE $2.00 PER ANNUM. GEORGIA TELEGRAPH BUILDING ESTABHSIIED1826- MACON, EBIDAYY DECEMBER 8, 1880 VOLUME LV-KO. 49 ftVBMIMIOsr. Lead, kindly light, amid the encircling gloom, Lead Thou me on; The night is dark, and £ am far from Lome, Lead tbon mo on; Keep Thou my feet; I do not ask to see The distant scene ; one step enough for me. I was not ever thus, nor prayed that Thou Shouldst lead me on; I loved to choose and see my path; but now Lead Thou me on; I loved the parish day, and spite of fears, Pride ruled my will. Eamember not past years So long Thy power has blessed me. sure it still Will lead me on O’er moor aud fen, o’er crag and torrent till The night Is gone; And with tho morn those angel faces smile Which I have loved long since, and lost awhile. Meanwhile, along the narrow, rugged path Thyself has tred, Lord, Saviour, lead me home in childlike faith, Home to my God. To rest forever after earthly strife, In the calm light of everlasting life. —Cardinal Newman. JOHNH. INMAN. A SiicocwtfnI BnsIncM Man—Enrerg- ins from the confcderalo Army, n Hoy of Twenty, aud Penniless, lie Becomes a Millionaire and Head of One or the Lsrjnt Cotton Houses In tho World. Atlanta, November 20.—A short time ago I printed an article on “self-made men.” This hasty sketch took the rounds of the press, and I am led to believe did some good. It certainly kindled fresh hopes in some young hearts that were de spairing, set aright some designs that were going awry, anchored some lives that wero drifting, aud lifted the eyes of some yonng fellows that were groping about blindly. The article was cirective, because it taught by example and not by precept. I have become acquainted w>th the his tory of a man and a family that is a fit supplement of that sketch. How I got the facts that I detail need not lie known—it is enough to say that I am perfectly sure of their correctness. I will not stop to consider with what relish those interested will see their affairs put in print—I mere ly know that it is an instructive and in teresting history, and I set it out as a pat tern life. In 18C3, a young Tennessean, after an honorable aud arduous servire of over four years, in which be was always at the front, brave, and uncomplaining, with ids parole in his pocket, came out of the Con federate rauks, and returned to Dandridge, witii less than $100 in money, and no property. In 1810 he maided a charming and intelligent Tennessee girl, and then reckoned Ids wealth at about $75,000. Last year his net income for tho year was $190,000, and liis fortune is now about $1,300,000. lie is just 30 years of age, in perfect health, aud is jnst entering the prime of life. And now to the details. The other night I was introduced to Mr. John U. Inman, a youngish-looking man, with a ruddy complexion, high, broad and unrul&ed forehead, finely-cut features, a mouth in which derision aud kindness were singularly mixed, and a bead very much like that of Mr. Sam In man. Thu first glance betrayed the per fectly well-bred man, quiet, attentive and winning—but the suggestion that held me was one of great reserve power—the hint that beneath tiiat undoubted and decorous face there was a forceful and earnest brain that had done notable things, which led tnc to push an investigation, so to speak, when shortly afterwards I fell in with one who knew the points in Mr. Inman’s life. The Inmans are of Englislutock, though American bom for two generations. S. W. Inman, \V. H. Inman and Walker P. Inman were three brothers bom in Ala bama. They started in life in humble circumstances, but soon managed to get a competence. Tho brothers were very mucli devoted to each other, and cast their fortunes together. They established a mercantile business in Dandridge, Tenn., to which hanking was shortly added, and out of which comfortable fortunes were made. Mr. S. W. Inman married a Miss Mart in, a lady of unusual strength of char acter and excellence, and of this union came Samuel H., John H. and Hngh T. Inman. Of these Samuel H. and Hugh T. are well known here as tire heads of two of tho roost prominent Southern firms. The war had broken llic fortunes of their father, and the three young men were left literally without anything. Gen. Alfred Austell, of lids city, and Mr. W. H. Inman, one of the original brothers, had opened in New York a cotton commission business. Young John Inman, reasoning that “to make money one must go where money is," and being anxious for an opportunity to “beard tbe lion in his den," applied for a clerkship in the firm of Austell & Inman. His offer was accepted and he went out into the world to make his for tune. He was then twenty years old, just out of tbe Confederate army, an East Ten nessee boy, with a falreducation and with less than $100 as his entire possession. The firm then had a working capital of $30,000, was doing a small business, and struggling hard against Northern compe tition. The young clerk put his whole soul into the business, and made it his study day and night, soon mastered all its details, and built up a most extensive Southern connection, running through everv cotton State. Tie had not been in New York quite two years when liis ca pacity for business, and his sagacity aud devotion became so marked aud notable that lie was offered an interest in one of the old and rich wliol "Sale dry goods houses of thecity. He fell,however,adeepsenseof r titude to General AnMell and Mr. W. Inman, who had given him the ehanee to make a start, and declined an offer that would take him away from them. They properly appreciated his worth, however, and tendered him a third interest In their business, which he acceepted. The firm then became Austell, Inman & Co., and the working capital was increased to $100,- 000. Although then under twenty-four years of age, lie gave entire direction to the business aud it began to grow with great rapidity. In 1809, General Austell, owing to the increase in his private busi ness, sold his interest,, and the firm or Imnnn, Swann it Co., was established— consisting of John If. Inman, W.H. Inman and Janies Swann—pie latter being also a young Tennessean. By tbis time tbe business was immense, and tbe firm soon went into the very first rank in Now York.. In 1870 yonng Inman, then twen ty-five years of age, finding that lie had Jett his beart- in the mountains of East Tennessee, left New Yoikfora vacation and returned with Miss Coflin, a beauti ful aud lovely girl, as Ml bride. Coming of an old and steadfast family, her an cestors having landed at Plymouth lloek, she lias been a worthy partner of his suc cess. When Mr. Inman married he was worth About $73,000—every dollar of which he had coined out of his own brains and en- A Blind Academy for the Colored ergy—a pretty good accumulation for the , Xacb country youngster that had left his Ten-; — . — w wTiiu™. «r nessee home penniless five years before. ‘ * roiessor W. D. Williams, principal of From this time forward he has grown rich tho State Academy lor tbe Blind, was re- rapidly. In tbe ten years between then quested by the board of trustees, to fur- and now ho has laid aside very n i s h such data as be might possess or ob- Swoo o ru!' 0 ST l «'nw *.*■* ■»«• -*• * <■» «*— spent and given away over a quarter of a blind of tbe State. In obedlcnco to this million dollars. Last yearhis net income request, he furnishes, as supplemental to pronfi se3 ’ tog’o^lfea vi ly over 11 is regular annual report, the following he Is just thirty-six years of age, It can bo re P° rt * I u preface he says, readily seen that when he has passed fifty I have given much thought to the sub- lie will be one of the richest men In the Jcct of the education of the blind of the country. The business of lie £Hu . negro race in our State, and I entertain V22Z, Swann * Co., aggregated over $10,- some very decided convictions as to the 000,000 last year, and grows heavily and ! duty of tho Academy for the Blind in re- continually. Last year it handled an J lation thereto, but as there are many per- enonnotxs quantity of cotton and tbe profit plexing questions to be considered before of the business in all its departments ran 1 your action should take definite shape, I from $350,000 to $-109,001). The working desire that whatever suggestions I have capital is $1,000,000 cash, and the mem- ; offered to bo received as being offered in bers of tbe firm are worth nearly $3,000,- a state of mind akin to hesitancy and in a 000. It stands among tbs first cotton spirit of tbe most willing deference to the firms in the world. I doubt if there is a 1 judgment of the board with whom resides firm anywhere that docs so iaigc a cotton \ all responsibility in the premises, commission business. Mr. Iuman, who J report: has been for the past twelve years the 1 —— ~ j—- .uv. Several years ago in our annual report managing head of tho firm, is perhaps the ’ to the Executive of the State, it was stated leading authority in cotton circles in New that at no distant day it would be incam- York, and on’change his word isstandard ; bent upon this board to make some pio- —a smart march from the ragged rebel, vision for the education and training of boy that camo to a ruined Tennessee | the colored blind youth or the State. The home, at the close of the war. t suggestion was prospective. How this Outside of the enormous business of In- should be done, and what direction the man, Swann & Co., Mr. Inman has a ] matter should take, could not, in view of number of private enterprises. Among ; the lack of statistical information, and all others, he Is engaged in the guano and > the uncertainties Involved, be foreshad- fertilizer trade, the manufacture of which ] owed. Up to the close of tho war, your is now a great standard industry, some j Principal, while making diligent Inquiries idea of the magnitude of which may be ! every where, and looking into tbe statistics gathered from the rt that lie had $525,- j of the blind of the State, during a period 000 of his !udividua> cash capital invested : of eight years, heard of but two blind in it last season. From one factory he ! children of the colored race of suitable took 10.000 tons—from another 5,000, and j « ge for admission into tho school, aud one so on through. The business being so sat- of them he thought a doubtful case. It is isfactory, he will the coming season have true, it was not liis object to find $000,000 in the same trade, controlling! such, but tbe nature of liis en over 25,000 tons, chiefly on commission, j quiries would have led Iiiin to hear of With ail this be has evervthingso system- , many more bad a large number been then atized and moves with such promptness and decision that he spends from four to six months of each year with bis family at the seaside or some resort. It is a cardinal part of his creed never to speculate or take any speculative risk. In the papers of his firm there are the strong est articles, against speculation either as a firm, or by either of the members as indi viduals. The profits, therefore, though immense, are perfectly legitimate, and co.nc certain and steadily. Mr. Inman lives easily and comfortably, aud having culture and tastu, finds that his wealth, instead of palling, only opens ever fresh vistas of enjoyment. He devotes a large sum annually to charity and philanthropy. Tbe haudsome donation of his firm to the Hood children, tbe largest made by auy single firm, will be remembered. In a quieter way he lias done much more—as, for instance, be lias given over $2,000 in dividually to the First Presbyterian church of this city. In short, lie presents tho interesting spectacle of a man of fine instincts, excellent health and felicitous relations, who lias made a fortune while he is young enough to enjoy it to the full est—aud has so ordered his habits that lie lias not dulled his impulses, chilled the genial currents of his soul or hardened liis heart in the struggle with tbe world. For the next ten years liis income should average $250,000 a year, and from that lime forward will be fully half amiiliona year, if he remains iu business. What a life of usefulness and happiness is ahead of tbis man! With a happy Christian home, a loving wife aud affectionate children, a heart still fresh and a nature yet unwarp- ed—with a clear head aud a current of strong old Presbyteriau blood coursing through his veins—truly liis lines are cast in pleasant places. What an exemplar is here for our young men. What a brilliant promise to draw them away from the arid ways of politics, and the hardly less arid ways of profes sional life! Just look at the chapters in this one man’s history. At twenty out of the dust and heat of battle, penniless and alone; at twenty-five worth $75,009, hap pily married, aud at tho head of a pros perous house; at thirty-six worth a mil lion aud a half, in good health and heart, and witii a net income of over $200,009 a year! Follow the probabilities. At for ty-six worth five million dollars, and possessed of an income of over half a mil lion a year, and just in the prime of a well-ordered life. How this example should draw its followers! How com pletely it should teach that in the wrang ling of public life and the pretentious ways of the professions there is not all the honor or usefulness. Ah! but. it is impossible to attain such dizzy heights as this ? To bo sure, there will be few who can hope for such success—but nothing is surer than that a young matt wbo starts with clean habits,a clear head and a faith ful soui,and works earnestly and devoted ly, can get far enough along tills road to come into the sunshine, while yet the flowers on tlio wayside are wet with dew, and the air of tbe morning embalms tbe earth. As for me, I should be charged with ir reverence if I wrote down how many pol iticians, In my opinion, this one young merchant is worth. The mere computa tion gives me some hint of tho severe con tempt with which solid men of business look out from their world upon the bab bling orators who declare that paralysis or prosperity waits alternately upon tho victory or defeat of a faction of salary- mongers. I should like to strike a balance between the lives of John Iuman, mer chant, andsomeonoof oureminent, latter- day statesmen, when both arc dead, and sec which had done the most and belter work. Then we should see how mucli speeches counted against deeds—prophecy against performance—boasting against fulfillment. To drop into metaphor, we may say that tho farmer and mechanic create the blood which enriches the body corporate; the merchant, stationed in the heart, sup: plies the vital force tiiat semis it cours ing through tho veins; the professional man tempers the flow, gauges its current and defines its limitations—while the pol iticians, camped along its channels, fatten on its exhalations and put the whole body in a fever by swearing that the voinous is superior to the arterial blood, or vice versa —not hesitating to spill either to disprove the excellence of the other. H. W. G. “Broken abbow,’’ Russell County, Ala., August 1st, 1870.—Dr. C. J. Mof- felt—Dear Siii: I for years used your Teetliina (Teething Powders) witii my own children and ou my own plantation, when I owned negroes. They relieved and prevented mucli suffering and sick ness among the children, and besidw saving me many lives, saved mo much anxiety, and many hundred dollars in doctor's bills. I can, with confidence, recommend l/tem at the surest and best medicine J ever used for Teething Chil dren and the Bowel Disorders of our Southern Country. Yours truly, etc., )m ROBERT FLOUJINOY. in existence. Wlicu that population was set free, and given equal rights iu the State, a few blind colored persons were reported to him, mostly by county author ities desiring to rid themselves of the care of them as objects of public charity. Among those, there wore some young men recently made blind by disease and acci dent, who might have been taken into our workshop as apprentices had there been provision therefor. The interested feelings of old masters also caused some of them to make application in a few similar cases. At the preseut time the statistics show tiiat the colored blind between the ages of six and twenty years are more numerous in Georgia than the similar class of whites, the former being one hundred and forty- lire and the latter one hundred aud thirty- five, according to the returns ot school population made in 1S78 to the Uoti. G J. Orr, state school commissioner. There may bo grounds for the suspicion that the returns for some of the counties may be in excess of the reality in one or both of the classes, but it is probable, from other data, that the enumeration as- a whole is very nearly correct, and espe cially so, when we take into account the fact that we regard as the proper subjects for admission to the privileges of tho institution, many youths, who. al though not entirely blind, are yet, for lack of sufficient powers of vision, deprived of the advantages of education in the seeing schools—a class that is rarely enumerated iu the census as blind. The above named numbers represent the probable ratio at tins time belwceu the blind of the two races to be provided for in our scheme of benevolence. But as poverty aud ignorance and the life en gendered of these evils have ever been fruitful sources of blindness, a relative in crease in the number of the colored blind may be anticipated. Tending to the same result, may be mentioned tbe exposures to which the race headiessiy subject themselves and their children; their negligence under diseases and changes in weather, and their proneness to take incompetent medical advice and resort to useless and hurtful treatment, and tiieir inability to secure proper medi cal skill in opthalmic diseases. The question arises, will the colored people generally avail themselves of the privileges of instruction in our sriiool, if provision is made for them. The answer is. tiiat they will' probably do so with greater eagerness than has hitherto been manifested in the case of tiie whites. Willi an experience and his tory of more than a quarter of a century, we have not been able to hi ingtlie attend ance to more tiiat about two-thirds of the probable number of whites in tho State, who are the properly qualified subjects of our work. It is t rue tiiat the troubles, the contingencies, and (lie dubious prospects ever before the mind, and the various em barrassments of the people through the years of tho war, and also through those of tiie protracted period of reconstruction, were an obstacle to tbe progress of the in stitution, now in the retrospect seeming so appalling tiiat there is wonder how its existence could have been maintained. It is only in the last few years that it has reached this proportion of attendance. Tliis prestige of tiie institution will be u advantageous iu cise of the colored as in that of the whites. Tho height ened enthusiasm of the^ colored people on the subject of * education manifested immediately after their eman cipation may have somewhat abated as to tlieirsightcd children, but it will probably prevail witii undiniinished ardor in the case of their blind, being at the same time strengthened by motivesarising from their inability on account of poverty to support the helpless in their families, and the in terference with their employment as ser- vaots and laborers, which the care of them at homo will occasion. County boards and officers charge I witii the support of paupers will use exertion and influence towards securing tbe attendance at the in stitution of all such as are admissible un der our rules. To this, however, will ha opposed tho hopes and realization of reve nues to be derived from begging, in which cause no stronger or more effectual plea can be matte than blindness. Balancing the conflicting probabilities, it cannot be doubted that in a very few years places for eighty or ninety colored pupils would be required. All those wmM which move us to ed ucate the blind of one race arc equally strong in tiie case of tho other. If educa tion is a desirable acquisition to aDy class as a source of self-entertainment and a qualification for position in life, to the blind it is not only all this, but it is not an acquisition in tbe nature of a profes sion or trade by which they are enabled to earn a livelihood. This is highly impor tant to tho poor blind of tho col ored race. Considerations to be drawn from tiie condition of this class of our population, also deserve our attention, sucli as their iguorance as to all the special methods by which tbe blind may be trained to usefulness at home and and in the family, and their inability from poverty to have it done by others in the absence of any provision made for them by the State. Under tho laws tiie colored people have equal rights with the whites in all depart ments of the government. Georgia has provided for the care and treatment oftbe A Wav'd ef Mood. • One of tiie most popular medicines now before the American public is Hop Bitters. You sea it everywhere. People take it with good effect. It builds tlicin up. It ..... , , _ is no' as pleasant to the tasto as some J colored insane and imbeciles in tbe Lu- . ... other'lliUers, as it is not a whisky drink. | natic Asylum. Tbe colored children or I Thomas Levi, Donald Carr and McDou- lt is mote like the old fashioned ooneset ' sight have equal privileges of education | gal, deck hands; Julia Gibson, Radies largely maintained by a snbsidy granted by an act of the General Assembly. Other Southern States-have made pro vision for the educational training of their colored defective classes. Notably, both Maryland and North Carolina have, each, had organized and in operation for sever al years, schools for both deal and dumb, and the bjind of the African race. These iustitutisns are placed as departments of their Sta’e Institutions for this special work, under the same boards »nd super intendents. Tbis arrangement has proven highly satisfactory to the people of ail classes, and is very beneficent in its re sults, and the business is thereby-conduct ed with less expense. There is unity in having but one head of management and one centre of responsibility in tiie work. The charges for superintendence are re duced, and in the .details of administra tion there will be found many economi cal and supplemental opportunities and advantages. Should a department for tbe benefit of the colored blind of the State be organized under tiie management of your board, at some suitable location near tbo city, with a lot not only large enough for tiie vari ous building aud grounds which would be neccssaiy for the department, but also containing land enough for vegetable gar dens, stock lots and other purposes, com mon to both departments, and by reason of Which area tbe inmates might hare the opportunity of a measure of privacy and be kept free from the annoyances and ex actions from tbe neighborhood ami the public, witii ample, substantially built, permanent improvements, suited in their arrangements to the requirements of tho purposes in view and adapted in their ap pointments to the peculiar condition of the class to be benefited, it can be con ducted very economically, at a far less expense to the Slate than a separate in stitution could be maintained, anl by rea son of tbe expenditures to be made on tills property as suggested, some items of expense uow necessary in tho existing in stitution could be relatively reduced. GS0KGIA RAILROADS. From ITexico. Havana, November 28.—A steamer from Vera Cruz brings advi ,*es from the City of Mexico to tbe ISth inst.: The French minister was expected ou the 20th. Senor Eduardo Artega lias been ap pointed minister to Guatemala, and Gen. Francisco Meno, ex-govemor of Guana- juatos, has been appointed minister to Germany. General Trevino has been of fered the portfolio of war and is enroute to tiie capital. ■ The concession for a railway from San Luis Potosi to Tampico being invalid, but remaining in speculative hands, tiie Central company, Palmer company, and other parties, have made great efforts to obtain tiie same, while the Vera Cruz rivalry threw every obstacle in the way of any other arrangement. Finally the con cession was transferred to Mr. Symon as representative from Boston of tiie Atchi son and Topeka company. Mr. Symon also, as representative of the PaciUc Mail Steamship company, made a contract with tiie government that steamers of a direct line between Sail Francisco and Panama shall touch twice a month at Mazatmn, Manzanillo, and Acapulco, aud once a month at Sau D’Las. He has also contract’d fur tiie establishment of a lino to be called tiie Oriental line, whose steamers shall mako round trip monthly, touching at Aca pulco, Salina, Vera Cruz, Sau Benito, Puerto Angelo and Tonalo. The com pany will receive a subvention of $3,000 per month. Many censure tiie government severely for making a number of contracts through one and the same person. Congress lias by decree approved of the raauucr in which the Executive lias made use of llie authorization to make contracts for the construction of tbe International aud Inter-Oceanic railroads. Gen. Gonzales obserres tho strictest reserve with regard to his future views or intentions. Census Report Washington, November 30.—General Walker, superintendent of census, has submitted bis regular annual report to the Secretary ot the Interior. He says that although tho work of taking the tenth cen sus is substantially complete, the returns having been received from ail but seven of tiie total number of 31,205 enumeration districts, it will probably be two or tlireo weeks before tiie office will be able to present complete statistics of the popula tion of the country. He urges the importance of the publica tion of the results of the census bureau’s work, and recommends that, instead of waiting for its publication through tho government priming office, Congress au thorize the printing of tbe census returns and statistics by a special private contract nnder the direction of the Secretary ofthe Interior. Gen. Walker says that special reports are to be made of investigations in tiie fol lowing important departments: On wealth, debt and taxation; on churches, schools and libraries; on tbe social and industrial statistics oftbe Indian tribes; on tiie pop ulation, industry aud resources of Alaska; on newspapers, periodicals and book-pub lishing interests; on tobacco culture; on chemical manufacturing industries; on ship building, and on quarrying interests. The accounts of 118,-110 enumerators havo already been settled, involving an expenditure of nearly two million dollars. Only about 1,200 accounts remain unad justed. The numberof employes now en gaged ou tiie work of the census office is 1,081, a considerable proportion of whom are on duty at night with a view to tho promptest possible completion of the work m hand. The Beeowd Ssal-laausl Keport ot the IstlrsM Oemabsiss. Office of the Railroad Coumis eion of Gkoboia, Atlanta, November 1(3, 1880.- To His Excellency, Alfred II. Colquitt, Governor,etc.—Sir: In making a second semi-annual report to your excel lency, it is our purpose to present s sim ple review ofthe action oftbe commission, and of the general effect of such action upon the railroads of the State. It was our intention to make ihc preseut report full and elaborate upon all matters of in terest connected with the commission and its iabost; but tbis has been rendered im possible, for the present, by the severe ill ness of one of tho commissioners. We hope to be able, at no distaut day, to pre sent to your excellency a report covering the entire field of our duties and labors. ACTION. In the action of the commission wo have sought to keep constantly in view the two great objects of tho law, viz: the pre vention of extortion, aud of unjust dis crimination in freight and passenger rales. The Whole animus of the commission has been to do equal and impartial justice to both, railroads and people.' In our view we have come much nearer tills end by our present rules and rates than by those of force at tho date of our last report. Wo reason ably hope'for more constant approx* imallo:*, as study and experience famil iarize us with our duties. Thera have been complaints, nioro or less well foundeJ, of tbe correctness of our views; but in general the comment ap plies, that local prejudices havo yielded, on discussion, to broader views, and that many ot tho complaints as to discrimina tion on our part hare enmo from places or classes once the beneficiaries ot partial and unfair advantages. It is not unnatu ral tiiat those favored by unjust discrimi nation should desire a continuation of that policy. It would be tedious to go through witii tiie entire work ot a commission, in de tail, in tho bouy of the report. We sub mit herewith to your excellency, docu ments showing our action in establishing rates, rules aud regulations for the rail roads, and the means adopted by Us to prevent unjust discrimination in freight aud passenger rates. RESULTS. Since the organization of tho commis sion.-very material reductions in rates have been effected as a result of :its oper ations, and much has been done iu tho way of graduating and equalizing rates to standards. One of the most useful effects of the labors of tho commission has been to enlarge mutual knowledge of the rail roads air* tho public, and to bring each to a clearer recognition of the rights and duties of the other. Increased knowl edge of rates has been achieved) anil tho tendency resulting from our work lias beer to reduce speculation aud cucnuragu reliance for success ou sound business principles. ... • ' PASSENGER BATES. The maximum pas3anger- rates on many of the railroads of the Stale hare been re duced by tbe commissioners’ tariff from five cents, and in sorno instances six cents per mile, to four cents per mile. Experi ence lias shown that tills reduction, while ;really beneficial to the public, lias not njured tho interests of tbe railroads. On the contrary, tho increaso of travel, occa sioned thereby, lias added materially to the earnings of the roads. The right to reduce passenger fares below the maximum fixed by the commissioners, has not been restricted. The law places these upon a different tooting from freight rates, and the commission lias, therefore, left wills tire railroads themselves tho power to fix their respective passenger charges at any amount below tbo maximum of (4) cents per mile, established by tbo commission. FBEIGHT BATES. ' strictcd competition is often detrimental to the best interests of the public as well as the carrier. We claim the right to restrict competition within legitimate limits, and we think this object can bo accomplished by tbe enforcement of rule 6, of our reeu- lations. EMBARGOES PREVENTED The commissioners have always be lieved that shippers are entitled to the benefits of any market they may select, according to the natural or artificial ad vantages it may possess, unrestrained by arbitrary rules. Our labors have been diligently and systematically devoted to the accomplishment of this end. One of our most recent efforts in that direction is shown in the accompanying order, dated October 29th, 1880. The ef fect of this order, we think, will be to remove tiie practical embargo which for some time past has been laid upon com merce between certain points in this State and other points without tbo State’s lim its. Heretofore, there seems to have ex isted some reason which induced a num ber of railroads, in the State, to decline to receive for shipment more than certain percentages of freights of a particular character or class. The order just referred to Is as follows: State of Georgia, Office of the Railroad Commission, Atlanta, October 29, 1SS0. In consequence of the accumulation of cotton at this point and elsewhere in tbis State, and an injurious blockade of freights anticipated am! now partially existing, tiie railroad companies in this State are hereby notified that no avoidable blockade of freights will he permitted; ami tiiat when such avoidable blockade occurs, became of any arrangement existing between rail road companies for distributing amongst themselves for transportation, according to percentages, the cotton or other freight offered for shipment, sucli companies will be held accountable for damages arising from such detention. And the railroad plied by the whole number of railroads in [ furuiih to your excellency and to tbe Gen tile State. eral Assembly all the information in oar No law exists providing the means _to j power with reference to the important in terests which have engaged onr attention during tho past year. Respectfully sub mitted. pay the expenses of priming the tariffs, etc., issued by tbe commission. The law requires that the rates and re vision of rates- established by tbe com missioners shall be published once a week for four consecutive weeks in some public newspapers published lu the cities of Augusta, Albany, Atlanta, Savannah, Macon, Rome and Columbus, in this State, before going into operation. We found it necessary to appeal to tbe pro prietors of the newspapers to make the re quired publications and to await the ac tion of tbe General Assembly for compen sation. A copy of the circular letter of tbe chairman on this subject is herewith transmitted. Your Excellency furnished the commission with twelve hundred dol lars to be used as an advance on account of printing expenses. Accompanying this report will be found a full statement of tbe disposition made of tbis amount. We respectfully suggest to your Excellency the propriety of recommending to the General Assembly an appropriation for the payment of such balances as may be found due on account of printing done for commissioners. OFFICE EXPENSES. Tho Legislature appropriated the sum of five hundred dollars to pay for office rent, stationery, etc. Commissioner Wal lace furnished us rent-free tbe commodious offices over tbe Merchants’ Bank on Aia liama street, which we have occupied during tho present year. Tho whole of the appropriation mentioned has been drawn from the treasury and applied to tho uses directed by law. There is still a small balance on account of expenses in curred, amounting to thirty-nine dollars and thirteen cents ($39.13), remaining un paid. Below we give a statement allowing the disposition made of tbe appropriations James M. Smith, - Campbell Wallace, samufl Barnett, Railroad Commissioners. ATLANTA GOSSIP. The Lost Simcoe. Owen Sound, Ontario, November SO. —Tiie steamer Mauitouiin, which arrived to-night from Mauitouiin Island, brought five of tiie crew of the steamer Simcoe, which foundered on tho 24tb inst. The Simcoe left Chicago on tho 18th inst., with a cargo of 19,000 bushels or com and general freight. She experienced continued and severe , gales ou Lake Michigan, accompanied with heavy snow storms, which she weather ed. Early on ‘the morning of tiie 24tb, while off Providence Bay, on the south sido of Manitoulm Island, the sea was so high that it broke through tiie engine room, putting out tho lire. Tiie ship became completely unmanageable, and remained in the trnneh ofthe sea, taking iu water until noon, wben slie sank. As site filled her upper works were forced away, carrying tho life-boats with them. Fire men succeeded in releasing one of the boats from the wreck and got into It. Tliey tried to rescue two others, who were clinging to tiie upper works, but were unable to reach them. When the hull weut down, the remainder of the crew were standing forward by the bow, and nude no apparent effort to save them selves. After witnessing tbe last of the wreck, the life-boat, containing the five persons saved, made for Providence Bay, distant 20 miles, from which place tliey went by team to Maultou, where they took the steamer Mauitouiin for this port. The following are the names of those ioet: Bichard Hill, captain; Robert McNal, second mate; Benjamin Mellwood, wheels man; John Henry, fireman; Tlios. O'Hare, Since our rates went into operation, the revenues of the roads from tho freight traffic—the most important .branch of their business — lias largely Increased over corresponding periods in previous years; and this, too, in the face or tho fact tiiat large reductions in rates, oil the principal articles of production and con sumption,. have been made. For more particular information at tills point we respectfully refer your excellency to the statements contained in tiie accompany ing document marked exhibit A. COMPETITION. , , n , It is evident tiiat there is no advantage to be secured to the people nor to the rail roads of tiie. State, by allowing other roads, not under the jurisdiction of the commissioners, to take the-business un controlled by what we regard to tie tiie legitimate principle of competition, yet not offorco or recognized by roads with out tho State’s limits. It should bo re membered tiiat competition affects the whole round of transportation from end to end and back, and tiiat this com plex. condition, so largely affecting our roads, exists principally beyond our jurisdiction. Tho most Important regulation adopted by tho commission in regard to competi tion was briefly referred to in our first re port, ami is as follows: “Rule 0. The freight rates prescribed by the commission are maximum rates,which shall not be transcended by the railroads. They may carry, however, at less than tho prescribed rates, provided that if they car ry tor less for one person, they shall for tbe like service carry for the same lessened rate for all persons, except as mentioned hereafter; and if they adopt less freight rates from one station they shall make a reduction of tho same per cent, at all sta tions along llie line of road, so as to make uo unjust discrimination as against any person or locality. “When, however, from auy point In tbis State there are competing lines, one or more not subject to the jurisdiction of tiie commission, then the line or lines which are so subject, and are working at the low est rate under the rules, may at such com peting point or other point injuriously af fected by such competition, make rates be low the standard tariff, to meet sucli com petition, without making a corresponding companies are requested ami directed to 1 paid on thu following accounts: remove cotton and other freights wlieu de- ] Office furniture - - - lirered for shipment, to the extent of their Office gas light fixtures - facilities, without unnecessary delay, and ! Office matting for office floors - without regard to any contract, express or i Whitewashing offices implied, that may exist amongst them- j Mounting three maps selves in reference to the division and dis* {Office boxes for pigeon holes, etc. - tribution of freights between tiie respec- Office, two signs and placing tire companies. ‘By order ofthe commls- I them - sioners. R. A. Bacon, Secretary, j Postage and post-office box rent - Your Excellency will observe that this j Gas light company’s hills - order contemplates nothing'more, hor ro-j Wages of porter - quires more of the railroad companies Coal and wood for fuel than a faithful discharge of. their duties, ; Stationer) - , desk furniture, books, as contemplated by tho. laws of tbo State ! etc. _ ... $ 08 75 9 30 GO 03 2 00 2 50 30 30 0 25 40 SO 13 20 44 15 21 15 governing common carriers, irrespective of the powers conferred by tho act cre ating this commission. MANUFACTORIES. It has been tbe intention of the com missioners to permit the railroads to offer such inducements to manufacturers as would encourage them to mako invest ments in tho State. This is clearly ef fected by uolc 1 of our rules, from which wo give the following extract: “The ratc3 specified for ores, sand, clay, Subscriptions to newspapers and periodicals .... Express charges on books, etc., irom other commissions - Telegraphing - Printed matter, tariffs, etc., for dis tribution - 27 S5 - 24 05 12 45 7 70 79 90 $500 00 LITIGATION. In the spring of tho present year, Morris K. Jesup, trustee, etc., filed his bill in rough stone, common brick, bones, 1 chancery in tho Circuit Court of the Unit- lumber, shingles, laths, staves, j cd States for the northern district of Geor- empty barrels, wood, straw, shucks, hay, ! gia, praying that the commissioners be fodder, com iff ear, tan bark, turpentine,: restrained from enforcing their rates and rosiu, tar, household goods, and for arti- j regulations on the Savauuah, Florida and clcs manufactured on or near the lino of. Western railroad. Upon the hearing of said road, and for materials used iu such the applicatiou for injunction, the bill was manufacture, are maximum rates; butj dismissed. Immediately thereafter an- tlie roads are left free to reduce them at‘other bill was filed, however, by George discretion, and a.i such rates are exempted -11. Tilley, in the same court, asking for a from the operatiou of rule 6.” j similar remedy. A restraining order was This noto permits the railroad com-} granted in this case by the court, enjoin- panies to make lower rates for articles ■ ing the commissioners from enforcing manufactured on or near their own lines, f their established rates on said railroads or tho lines of connecting roads, without j until the further order of tire court. The coming under the restraining clause in j application for injunction iu the case of rule 0; provided no more is charged for a Tilley lias been continued from time to reduction iloas^he lipe of fbad.” , By this rule it was intended to make tea tiiat lias done a world of good. If you 1 under the common school system of the maid; Lydia Williams, cook; George tition between the don't feel just right try Hop Bitters.— Slate. A college for the higher education 1 Faltoo, porter; and one deck hand whose ] think they ought to Nunda News. 2w of the colored ycuths of both aexes is 1 name is unknown. power. Experienc competition conform to principles of right and justice. Thus, instead of a war of rates being confined to any little village along the line of two courtries, say, for example. Canada aud tho United stales, such war, if made, would, under tiie oper ation of this rule, be declared along tlio wiiole line. Tiie roads may thus make legitimate war, but it would extend to every station ou tiie line. Sucli we regard td bo legitimate competition, as distin guished from illegitinate and injurious competition. If rales are lowered at strictly competitive points alone, the neigh boring stations are injured, and a result brougnt about of freights being shipped back and in the opposite direction to their destination, to lie carried a second time over the same part of tins road, more cheaply than by direct shipment to the point of delivery. To avoid this result, when tbe rate is lowered at the immediate point of competition, a graduated rate is supplied to neighboring stations, so as to make the direct charges something less from the initial point to that of destina tion, than the sum of two rates from the shipping station to the nearest competitive point, and *tlience back to tbe place of destination. The commissioners are of the opinion that they have no power to force compeli- roads, nor do they be invested with such Experience proves that unre- lessthan for a longer distance. COMPLAINTS. Numerous requests and complaints have keen received by tbe commissioners, both from tho citizens and the railroads, and occasional discussions have been heard of conflicting interests. Considering the nutnber and importance of tbe questions presented for solution, tlio changes made i>i our tariffs aud regulations havo been few. The railroad companies, in some instances, casually omitted to.furnish us witii full information of their unpnnted or special rates. Most of tho changes made by us, after tiie fust publication of tiie standard tariff, were rendered necessa ry by these omissions. With a view of placing ourselves in pos session of the information needed for a proper revision of our standard trrilf. we Issued a circular, ad dressed to all the railroad companies of the State, calling on them to furnish us a comparative statement of the earnings ami expenses of their respective roads during the months of ; May 'and June, 1S79 and 1880. (Tiie action of tbe commissioners, based upon responses to this circular, is embodied in Circulars Nos. 7, 8, 0, and 1-0, herewith transmitted. The operation of I Circular No. 10 ha3 led to some dischssioa.'tiot so mucli in re gard to actual as to relative rates. Tiie commissioners gave the whajo subject tiieir most thoughtful consideration, and we think that their action will-be' found Satisfactory ...... - »i The question of tno operation of the Central railroad as a unit, or in tbe several divisions expressed in Circular 10, was mucli argued. In our opinion, tiie con- elusion readied by the commissioners was correct, and the only ouo consistent with I authority. Enforced unity, against tiie consent of tiie railroad companies, we did not consider within our province. Tho whole subject of joint rates between railroads in tills state is gradually opening before us, the chief principles having been, to scene extent, involved in the relation of local ami joint rates on Die several divs- sions of tbe Central railroad. Tbe com missioners have never believed tiiat they had the power, under the law, to make a Joint rate between points olt'smy two roads which'.'Would be low in amount than tiie sums of tbe local .rales charged on such roads between these points, except by the request or consent of the roads iu- tereated/ *»•’ I i J CLASSIFICATIONS: ' ' : The classifications' of railroad freight tariffs have ever been undergoing viva ages. Tiiat adopted,, by tbe Southern Railway and &tcauisliipAs*oclation,uiid store! oy ped i in February, 1850,it was thought by many prominent railroad officials, would remain unchanged for a oonsulei able time. Since then, however, anotlier and different class- i ileal ion lias been found uceessa'r;. Smui pcrsbns have thought the coromhsionei's too unyielding, because of the very few changes made'in our standard tariff and classification since they weut into ellect. As every change involves heavy expense for printing, we have' made only such, as in our judgment, strict justice and press ing necessity required. 'i jj. q. f ,n ■ lJ«qp%l,..l. 1u,B ytSll The commission has no eh nice in the method of publishing its tariffs, revisions, etc.) as the law specifies liow it shall be done. A large amount of printing expen ses has been saved, however, by adopting a “standard tariff," ami then aiapriug it to each particular road by circulars. This was ddne upon tho most care economy consistent with carrying out that law. The first publication of tariff', rules and regulations was necessarily very expen sive, as it embraced a full classification of all freights coveted by the rales. 'Had we attempted to make a separate taritTand classification for each road In the State, the expense of printing tiie same would necessarily have been tbe time, at the instance of the complainant, and is still pending In consequence of this action by tiie court the commissioners’ rates have not yet gone into operation on the Savannah-, Florida and Western railroad. No other litigation, that we have been advised of, involving the action of the commissioners, has been instituted. We transmit here with a copy of the affidavit filed by the commissioners In response to tbe applica tion ,fbr injunction in said case, which will furnish your Excellency with a clear statement of the reasons which controlled us in establishing our standard rates aud regulations. The railroad companies, with the exceptions mentioned, had com plied in the wain with the rates, rules aud regulations of the commissioners, al though the law gives us no power to summarily enforce our action. In view of tbe great interest affected by our action, tbis may justly be considered a most grq£ A Cartons Legislative B1 matter TSta* <i(kt Have Settled Hw <tBeetle* ol tbe residency. Sfiteial Correspondent' of TVeyrapk and Met. stager ] Atlanta, December 1, 1880. A curious blunder of Georgia legislation has just been discovered that, under oep. tain circumstances, would have sfr«etofh if not settled tho presidency of the United States. Tbe law of tho Uaited States re quires tbe electoral colleges of the differ ent States to meet and cast the vote of the State for President on the first Wednesday in December.'Tho Georgia statute pro viding for the execution of this Federal re quirement, declares that the electors of Georgia shall meet on the first Monday in December and cast their votes on the fol lowing Wednesday. Tiie Georgia legislators who passed the act never contemplated tlio contingency that lias now arisen, viz: That.the first Monday In December would come after the first Wednesday, and, therefore, that to carry out the Georgia law will throw the election by tbo electoral college on the second Wednesday of December, instead of on the first Wednesday, as required by the United States statute, which controls tho matter. The constitution of Georgia prescribes tho first Wednesday, too, for the voting of the electoral college, while the Georgia statute enforcing the consti tutional provision conflicts with It, as above. We thus have the extraordinary stalo of tilings of the day arriving for the voting of tho electoral eollege of Georgia under the Federal law aud the Stale constitution, while under the Georgia statute the elec toral college lias been called to meet on a day five days later, and cannot uow be convened in time to act to-day, as it should. And thus there would bo ground to throw the electoral vote of Georgia out, if it Was a close ra.e and the vote of Geor- ia decided ‘the matter. Fortunately, owever, the vote of Georgia will not be decisive of the result and, therefore, it matters not whether she loses her vote or not. But the Georgia statute should be altered so as to enforce and not thwart the purpose of the constitution. Tbe case is an extraordinary one, and constitutes one of the curious blunders of legislation. PARTY HARMONY. Your Telegraph and Messenger editorial has excited much favorable com ment in regard to tbe teaching of the re cent legislative elections of judges and solicitors, as showing tiiat the late Demo cratic differences in Gcoigia are healing up. The truth is, that the question of Colquitt and Norwood did not enter into these elections—the Colquitt members, who. are in tbo majority, voting large ly for Norwood candidates. In the Albauy circnif, Wm. O. Fleming, a Col quitt man, beat for judge J. A. Bush, a Norwood mau, while J. W. Walker, a Norwood man, beat A. H. Alfriend, a Col quitt man, for solicitor. In the Augusta circuit all of the three candidates lor solicitor were Colquitt men. In the Chattahoochee circuit, T. W. Grimes and S-. B. Hatcher wero Norwood men, and H. Bussey, G. E. Thomas aud A. A. Car- son were Colquitt men, and Grimes was elected. Forjudge, Willis and Wimberly were Colquitt men and Thomson a Nor la id lit. fe at le br id as ed de ial ase tho to dy. 4ch use i Of i at mid Fit- ned om- < tho is of ided urns A S. i the .ally r.tirc Dol- (or£s- Lay- I al- y g to - j ifying result. BOOK-KEEPING AND OPERATION OF RAIL ROADS. Our report upon tiie condition and op eration of the railroads of the State can not be as full and satisfactory, as ft would be, with a good and uniform system of book-keeping on the part of the several roads. Some have very good systems, but they are diverse, and for some purpo ses connected witii a report intelligible to the public, aie not tbe very best. Few persons appreciate the difficulty of getting at any facts from sueh reports, not in tended specially to be presented, and of tabulating such facts iu any satisfactory form, bits ..!» " o •> -We are preparing forms-for a more complete system, embracing all Ihe need ful particulars to record the business of the roads and make it.intelligible to all. To achieve these desirable ' oiijecls, not only book-keeping, bnt tbe principles of tabulation need to be studied aud thor oughly mastered. The system we are preparing will com prise full information of the capital in- vested in each road, the aunual earnings of taeli road, tiie rates and tonnage of cscli, the annual expenses, the profits made and the use made of the same, the effect of the action of tbe commission on each road, the actual savings to tiie public doe jo the action of the commission, the light of wuiparison furnished to the rail roads, the need of economy on the part of Die roads, and the inward aud outward tonnage and business of each station, etc. A general as well as a detailed view, necessary to render reference back and forth easy, thereby reducing tho area of conjecture and enlaiging tiiat of Calcula tion, will be supplied. The comparative method—the great means of improvement which gircs a sense of security and mas tery—will be provided.for. This system twill enable every one to obtain a better general idea of tbe extent and importance of the railroad property of the State, aud of the great interest oftbe public therein. Iu addition to tiie value to the public and to tbe railroads, of such a system of reports, cue of Uie chief advantages re sulting therefrom will be the establishing ot proper bases for taxation pf railroads and railroad property In the State, which information Die nperationssstthe commis sion under this system would always ex hibit. SECRETARY, ETC. The oosnmUaioners believing it best to secure these nr ioes of a secretary thoroughly versed in railroad business, steeled Mr. U. A. Bacon to that position. The salary now allowed him -by law, tul consideration, as the best means oC does not compensate hint adequately for the labor, ’and peculiar skill and knowledge required in performing tiie duties of his place. We respectfully suggest that your excellency recommend lo the General Assembly, tin; propriety of authorizing such sn inereaso 6t the salary ofthe secretary os will jastiy compensate him for bis services. Iu submitting this imperfect report to your excellency, we desire to state that it. amount of the present expense multi- • will be our pleasure, as it U our duly, to wood man, and Willis was 'elected. In i dis- the Macon circuit, Hardeman, Jamison been and Collier were Norwood men, and Bart- dered iett and Patterson were Colquitt men, and trvish Hardeman was elected. In the Ocmulgee Isays circuit, Whitfield, Furman and McWUor- 1 the ter were ail Colquitt men, and Whitfield e. was elected. There was no party division at | all. Men were elected solely for other considerations. The Colquitt men being J rejo in a majority should have full credit for a es dc- ' berk!, conciliatory spirit. ' illow- FOR MAYOR. of the The mayor’s election is progressing. It is a tight fight between H. I. Kimball chscie aud James English, with tbe chances fa- ) bark raring Kimball. The negroes are solid huday for Kimball pretty near, and tiie whites id and divided. The Legislature adjourns to-in and morrow. Realitt. •engpr co,' of te, but up, of Interior Department Report Washington, December 1 The an-* cre? * nasi report of Die Secretary of tbe Iuterior* uer ** ' was made public to-day. In submitting, tbis, liis last annual report, to tbe Presi dent, Secretary Schurz gives a review not 5 only of the operations ol the past year, butspeciol of tbe four years o! his admiiiistraUon.ttan of The larger part of tbe report is devoted U#o-day ♦ > Lidiao affiLirj. In his opening cboptexe Navy! upon tiie subject tbe Secretary gives sc on the ' explanation ot an important change whidry yard lias taken place with regard to tbe reservAers haa lion system. He says, that although ascretary first accepting as he found it the reservst Com- tiou policy which Isos ro long been fol mean- lowed by the Indian office, more extensile dock, observation aud study of the matter gradtimore, ually convinced him that It was a mutade oi taken policy—that it would be vastltpre better for the Indians and more in accnrtbn. Hi auec with justice, as well as wise expedtlt been; ency, to respect their home attachmeutcaptain,] to leave them upon the lands they occtpn were] pled, provided such lands were capable r the re- yielding tiient sustenance bv agricnltuff, espe or pastoral pursuit*, and to begin and fde Nay low up the practice of introducing amofCaptaii tliein the habits and occupations of civtnaud ol ized life on the ground they inhabit. 3 view of the toot also that the maintenan' of the system of large reservations agair Die prenture of white emigration and sett 1,1 nl ment would In the course of time becot* 411 ^. * impracticable, a different policy has bel a stu?* 1 - followed, having, for its object the sett,® ahead ment of tiie Indians tapon lands in aeyhantmar ally, Die disposal lor their benefit of thr* 11 *° ^ lands not required for tbis purpose, «r a .' ™ gradually to prepare the way for tbpP“ ** final incorporation in the body politic “ !9 O independent and self-relying meg, inv* heu ed with ali the rights which tkewtber , aru * habitants of the country jicsscss. 1 ‘‘•he Orti results already accomplished iu pursua* 0 he r< of this poliay and the promising outlies Ortl in tbe same direction arc described in g l,| e Gael cral terms ami illustrated by specific' - ' 11 hoar counts of the progress msue by iudivitphon dw tribes. The Secretary does not make recommendation of importance inrea, to the land grant .railroads, bid recan Y, late* their last annual reports, and if ®] ,Li as the result of investigations made by'”~"’ 1 ’V , government auditor, that their properr,/’ a!1 ‘ in good condition, that their earnings L j . n largely increased, and that although tv], both for height and passengers have reduced it is believed there will be £r'». the filling up of the country west of 0 , Missouri remunerative business env« i.undn for each one of them. t of G. ] ; two hu" Washington, December 1—TUe, $25. act service has received a telegram per chant Memphis stating that one CbarnnoLd cro Auchise has been representing himsso <tases Holly Springs, Miss., and Memphis (highest a employe of the secret service, one 100 of swindled a number of persons with! checks and by other irregular transaf at Ifeum It is thought that he is now on his rites with New Orleans. b ..Califor | W»27-3