IS TO STOCK FEEDING
light thrown on the subject
BY STATE CHEMIST J.
M. M’CANDLKSS.
HATTER AN IMPORTANT ONE
A Young Farmer Discouraged With
Funning und the Low Brices of
Cotton Is Given Advice.
To the State Chemist, Atlanta, Ga,:
Dear Sir —I am a young farmer al ‘
most discouraged with farming and the
low prices of cotton. I had thought of
devoting more attention to my stock,
ami write to ask if chemistry can
throw any light on that subject, as all
farmers admit that it does on the sub¬
ject of fertilizers. Can you give some
good formulas for feeding? I hate a
good common school education, but
want you to be plain so I can under¬
stand what you say. A. B. C.
To A. B. C.:
Dear Sir lour letter received, and
the questions you ask open up a wide
field tor discussion, and are of the great-
est practical importance, not only to tho
farmer, but to the general prosperity of
the whole country.
Yes, chemistry can throw a great
flood of light on the subject of stock
feeding, which is a part of the general
subject of animal nutrition. The sub*
ject is usually treated last in nearly
all works on agriculture, but I am
now going to write to you about it
first, because you seem specially inter¬
ested in it, and also because I believe
that if a general and intelligent inter¬
est in the subject of stock raising could
be awakened in the country it would do
more for our agricultural regeneration
than any one thing that I can think of.
I could answer the main question of
your letter at once by giving you some
formulas for feeding, but I am not
going to do that because you would not
see any sense in it, or any good reason
^jjr it, and I desire that you should un-
derstand the principles of feeding first,
then you will take an intelligent inter-
e3fc in it, and be more successful in it
than if you went at it blindly by mere
“rule of thumb.” I am going to as-
sums that there are numbers of farmers
like yourself in Georgia with limited
but fair education, who are disgusted
with the all cotton policy, and that this
letter addressed to you personally is also
of interest to them, and so I shall print
it in the “Monthly Talks ’ of the com-
missioner of agriculture, that it may
have a wide circulation among the
farmers, nnd perhaps be of interest and
benefit to them as well as yourself to
whom it is addressed. I expect to write
one of these letters for each of the
“Monthly Talks, ’ according as I may
find opportunity and time to spare from
my other duties, and to continue them
as long as I think I have anything of
practical value to say to the farmers. As
I am not writing these letters for those
well versed in scientific agriculture,
but for beginners, I shall commence
with elementary principles.
I will discuss iu a brief manner soma
of the principles of animal nutrition or
of feeding.
The animal body is composed of water,
that constituting from 40 to 60 per cent
of it, apd also of protein, fat and ash, of
which bast bones are the chief part. The
protein of the body includes all of the
matter in the body containing nitrogen.
The lean meat, the casein of milk or the
curd, the white of eggs, or albumen are
all forms of protein The term albu¬
minoids, derived from albumen, is often
used to mean the same as protein, al¬
though that use is not strictly correct.
The albuminoids are a class of bodies in¬
cludd under the general name of pro-
teiu. The flesh, tho skin, the hair, the
muscles, the heart, the liver, the brain,
the blood, the nerves, all the internal or-
galls, the nails, the horns, the hoofs and
m fact a large part of the bones all consist
largely of protein. So we see this sub-
stance, protein, is indeed a most im-
portaut oue; life cannot exist without
it, and when we go into the market to
buy it in its most concentrated forms,
“ “ to f’ »»«<>». PO* "
find we have to go down into our pock-,
ets just a little deeper than for the othel
necessaries of life. The carbohydrates
and fat aro also necessary to animal life,
»mple) and the word hydrate is from
the Greek for water. An example of a
pure carbohydrate is starch, we eat it
usually in the form of meal, flour, rice
and potatoes, of which it forms the
greater part. Sugar is the first cousin
of starch (indeed it can be made from
it) and is also included under .he term
carbohjdrates. lhese carbohydrates , . ,
are the prmcipal source of the fat of
our bodies, and are the chief source of
animal heat and the energy of the body,
in fact they are a sortof fuel, audareso
to speak burned in the body, heat and
work hying a ryault of .heir oxidation
or burning, just as heat and work or
motion are a result of the burning or
oxidation of coal in an engine. So we
see these carbohydrates are important,
but we also tiud they are cheap as com-
Pared , with . , . why , they . cheap? ,
protein; are
Because as their name implies they are
derived from the very abundant and
rkea p substances, water and carbon,
ip ko water is given us free in the form
% j rakl) auc | th e ca rbon also in the form
carkoil i c ac id, which is breathed out
, ou tinually into the atmosphere by every
lying animal on the surface of tho
earth, by every chimney and hearth-
stone, which warms a happy family,
p,y every smoke-stack, factory and loeo-
mo tiye, which minister to our wants
an( j necessities. Carbonic acid forma
the principal part of all this smoke,
although it is not tho black part which
we see, but the invisible part, which is
clear and colorless like the air. Vast
Streams of it are pouring out constantly
into the air; why does it not stifle and
suffocate us, as it would if poured into
the rooms where we live? It is because
all plant life lives on it, the great forests
absorb it, the crops of wheat, corn and
cotton consume it, the lilies and the
roses eat it and drink it. They take
this deadly gas into their wonderful lit-
h 6 bodies, and work it over and over,
together with the water which they
guck out of tlie soil, until they turn it
kaok again into the very starch from
•which it started, and deposit it in their
oe Hs to be consumed by men and other
ail imals again and again in awouderous
never ending cycle,
We see now why the carbohydrates
are c ke ap, because they are never used
because they form an endless chain,
Do what >ve ^ iU with eat
them up, burn them up, they “bob up
a g a i n serenely,” ready for fresh con-
sumption. They come out of the air
which is free to all, and all that they
can COS {. labor connected with
handling and getting them into market-
able ghape But you agk is not tho
same thing true of protein ? No, in-
deed, and in my next letter I will give
you some of the reasons why protein is
more costly. Yours truly,
John M. McCandless,
State Chemist.
About Rescue Grass.
Question.-P lease give me all the in-
formation you can in regard to rescue
g rass ?
Answer.—R escue grass is probably
tke finest gras3 f or winter grazing, and
the most prolific grass of southern lati-
tudes. The grass requires a rich loamy
eo iI, and comes up in September, grow¬
ing rapidly during even ths the coldest
^ inter. It affords a rich pasturage of
the most succulent stems and leaves
f ro m Dec. 1, to May 1, or it may bo
mowed for hay two or three times dur-
i ng April and May, and then allowed to
mature a crop of seed, which in gather¬
ing will shatter, or leave enough seed
on the groudd to reseed the land, bo
that one sowing, if properly treated,
will suffice. After mowing two or three
times, from 100 to 150 bushels of seed
may be made on an acre. The seed may
ke sown from June to February.
There are some peculiarities about
this grass ssed. They will hot germi-
nate in summer. The colder the weather
j n winter, the faster it grows, unless
the stems have commenced jointing,
when a freeze will kill it down, only to
ccmie out again, however, greatly in-
creased in thickness. When not mowed,
the grass grows slowly, tot wton it is
moW ed or grazed upon, the growth is
hastened. Ihe plats upon which the
grass has been sown can be broken up
from J uno 1 to 15, fertilised and
not only he Improved, but splendid crops
of penvinohay, or of corn and beans can
bo made. The seed that are left on the
ground in May will lie dormaut until
tho cool nights in September.
The seed are quoted by seed men at
25 cents per pound, but about 100
pounds Y. may L, he obtained from Dr. A.
M. 5\inu .... & „ bon of . Lawrenceville, T ... Ga.,
at 15 cents per pound, or 13 cents per
pound if as much as 10 pounds aro
bought; also 150 pounds can be obtained
from Mr. J. T. Baxter of Suwauoo, Ga.,
at the same price. The foregoing
formation i, furnished largely by Mr.
J. T. Baxter, who has successfully
grown Roscuo grass.—State Agricult-
ural Department,
Culture of Upland Rice.
Question.—P loaso give mo some gen-
eral in formation in regard to the culture
of upland rice.
Answer. —The following plan is prac-
tieally that of W. H. Dickey of Abbe-
ville, a successful grower of upland rice:
Low or hammock laud is preferable for
the planting of upland rice; in order to
guard against drouth, however, tho Boil
should not be wet. Break the land deep
and close, and use the harrow if there
are any clods, then use the small plow,
and trench your rows about 24 to 30
inches apart. Put iu the drills 200 to
300 pounds of good commercial fertil¬
izer, or barnyard manure can be used
with good results if well pulverized.
Drop the rice 12 to 14 inches apart, put¬
ting 12 to 20 grains iu a hill, and cover
the same with a fork plow.
After this is done, the rice can bo cul¬
tivated with very little trouble. Plow
shallow, using the scooter and scrapo,
and about two workings will be all that
is necessary. One bushel of rice will
plant from two and one-half to three
acres, which on good laud and proper
seasons will yiold from 25 to 30 bushels
of rough rice per acre. One bushel of
the rough rice, when husked, will yield
about 25 pounds of beautiful white rice,
which has an excellent flavor, and is
considered by many to be far superior
to any other rice that can be found on
the market. will
If planted in April the rice be
ready for harvesting about Sept 1, and
as the head ripens before the straw,
you get from one to three tons of excel¬
lent hay per acre. of Abbeville, Ga.,
Mr. W. H Dickey upland rice
has about 20 bushels ot‘ this
that he will sell for $1.50 per bushel,
sacked and delivered to freight or ex¬
press office on receipt of said amount.—
State Agricultural Department.
A BROKEN PANE OF GLASS.
One That Onee Cost Oltiaen George
Francis Train $00,000.
A broken window pane once cost
George Francis Train more than $00,-
000. It was this way . Citizen Train,
“with the brains of-20 men in his head,
all pulling different ways,” went to
Omaha in the spring of 1804. At that
time ho was the most talked of man in
America. He had not a thing but mon¬
ey. Ho bought 5.000 city lots, and alto-
B P®? t several hundred thousand
dollars. He boarded at the Herndon
House, the best hotel in sight. The
Quixotic Train was regular in only one
thi ng—his habits. He always occupied
the same seat at the table. One morn-
ing a pane of glass was broken out of a
window directly behind his chair. He
protested and was advised to change
fify scat. He would not Instead he paid
a servant 10 cents a minute to stand
between him and the draft. A’fter
breakfast be expostulated with the
landlord, but received no satisfaction.
t 6 Never mind, ” said Train « ( In 00
days I will build a hotel that will ruin
your business. ”
And he did. The contract was let
that day. Scores of men were put to
work. The site selected was Ninth and
Harney streets, near the Missouri river
Citizen Train went to New York and
engaged Colonel Cozzens. a noted cater:;,
° f i? 3 *, 0 '. 1 /;. 38 “ anag<ir i> 0} n C
Tl l e biuldmg alone^cost $4 J, J ). he
,
, g „ a p l a ,only
one west of St. Louis. The work was
done on time. and. true to liis word. 00
days after lie threatened the manager
of the Herndon House George Francis
Train, citiz n of the earth, opened his
hotel, which he called the Cozzens
^ / IfXltaYnd
bis th( mayor o£ Omaha and
maD y notables from other states. The
house was a blaze of glory and a scene
7o™ i£SnFzz'£7r:£7; theT-?“«1a ItaL
b„“i„ ”t adhlpsei. Th
had
The Cozzens House did if flourishing
business for a year or two nnd the Horn-
don House was badly crippled Finally
^ Ia ' 1 ! out with his manager and
mo^'L^^rZMho H \ f Jce '' !i8 T 08(H ‘ , f .
moved bach from the m er the .1^1 lieimion m
House declined and finally relapsed into
a state of iuuocnons desuetude. A few
years later it became the property of
tlie Union Pacific railroad and is stiL'
need as the headquarters of that corn
pany in Omjiha.
tist, . was 11 the » «»««• first clerk « of «• the p™. Cozzens «-»
House.
(^eortjia ^)outF|erq Florida [ \ y
v^r^3C-;~
SUWANEEHIYER ROUTE.
Local Time Table, Effective March 26,* 1898.
Subject to change z C8> >ithout notice.
SHOO dixie"I QUICK T I ~ QUICK DIXIE SHOO
FLY. FDYEK STEP. STATIONS. STEP. FLYER. FLY
1 30 pm 11 50 pm 11 20 am Lv. Macon ,Ar 4 15 pm 1 15 am 11 05 mh
4 58 pm 12 13 am 11 4J t’m . . . Sofkee ... 3 53 pm 3 53 am 10 40 an,
G 22 pm 113 am 1219 pm . . . Umidilla .. 2 48 pin 2 53 am l)i.">am
6 19 pm 1 31 am 112 pm . . . Vienna ... 2 25 pm 2 31 am 8 45 an,
§ 7 08 pm 1 50 am §1 30 pm Ar. CordeleLv 2 08 pm 2 15 am 8 25 am
7 25 pm 1 50 am 147 pm Lv. Col lide Ar 2 08 pm 2 15 am §8 05 am
7 35 pm 2 02 am 1 58 pm . . . Wenona .. 1 58 pm 2 02 am 7 55 am
5 05 pm 2 27 am 2 22 pm ... Worth.. . 130 pm..... 7 2G am
8 11 pm 2 33 am 2 30 pm . . . Asliburn.. 1 50 pm 1 34 am 7 20 am
9 00 pm 3 10 :im 3 05 pm Ar. Tifton Lv. 12 55 pm 1 00 am G 25 an.
9 00 pm 3 50 am 3 15 pm Lv Tifton Ar. §12 30 pm 12 42 am G 35 am
9 42 pm 4 01am 3 54 pm ... Sparks... 1154 a hi 1211am 5 52 am
9 54 pm 4 11 am 4 0G pm .-. . llcartpiue. 11 43 am 12 02 am 5 41 am
10 35 pm 4 45 am 4 5o pm Ar. Valdosta Lv 1105 am 1130 pm 5 00 am
4 45 am 4 50 put Lv Valdo-ta Ar 11 05 am 11 30 pm
5 07 am 5 14 pm . . . Lake Parke 10 37 am II OG pm
5 49 am 5 51pm Ar. Jasper Lv 10 00 am 10 30 pm
5 50 am 551pm Ly, Jasper Ar 10 00 am 1015 pm
G 23 am G 23 45 pm . . . Lake WhiicSp’gs Ciiy Lv 9 25 am 9 41 18 pm
§fi 45 am §fi pm Ar 9 00 am 9 pm
7 05 am 7 00 pm Lv Lake ( itv Ar §S 35 am 9 18 pm
8 12 am 8 05 pm . Sampson Citv 7 28 am 8 05 pm
8 25 am 8 18 pm . . ILuupion ... 7 15 am 7 52 pm
8 5) am 8 52 p:n . . . (Jra din. .. G 38 am 7 14 pm
9 35 am 9 30 pm Ar. Fa I tka Lv GOO am 0 35 pm
T SYSTEM.
3 20 am 3 15 pm Lv Tifton Ar 12 15 pm 12 45 am
4 50 am 5 15 pm .dr Waver’-* Lv 10 15 am 10 30 pm
8 30 am 1140 pm Ar Urun.-w’k Ly 7 45 am 8 00 pm
7 30 am 7 40 pm Ar.l.vk’villeLv 8 00 am 8 00 pm
§ Meal Station.
Trains No. 3 and 4, the “Dixie Flyer” have through Sleeper 'be-
tween St. Louis, Mo., and Jacksonville, Fla., and through Coach be
tween Macon and Jacksonville via Tifton; also have Parlor Sleeping
Car between Macon and Palatka, open for the reception of passen¬
gers in Union Depot. Macon, at 9.30 P. M. and remains in Macon
Union Depot on return until 7.30 A. M. and can be occupied untii
that time. Trains No. 1 and 2, the “Quick Step,” have through
sleeper between St. Louis, Mo., and Jacksonville, Fla., via Tifton.
New Parlor Sleeping Car on “Dixie Flyer” between Macon and Paiatka.
C. B. Rhodes, Fla. Pass. Agt,., D. G. Hall, General Agent,
(3 Hogan St., Jacksonville, Fla. 8 Kimball House, Atlanta, Ga.
R. K. Barton, Genl. Agt., 4 Noel Block, Nashville, Teun.
Win. Checkley Shaw, Vice Pres., G. A . Macdonald, Genl. Pass. Agt.,
Macon, Georgia.
TIFTON & NORTHEASTERN R. i .
66 SOLDIERS COLONYHOUTE.”
Local \1 ime ‘1 able No. 6.
H. H. TIFT, President. W.O. TIFT, Vice-President.
General Of fices : Tifton, Georgia.
No 7. No 3. No I. Miles. Effective Dec. 10,’97. Miles. No 2. No 1. Not:
34. P. M. A.M LEAVE arrive i'. M. ]'. M. P. ’•!.
8 10 8 10 8 00 0 Tifton 25 12 1 :< « u
. .
22 8 23 8 15 ^ 1.....Brighton 20 12 < 2 10 O l 50
3 30 3 32 8 25 X f...... Harding...... 17 11 51 c: T > 18
3 50 3 52 f.....Pinettu....... 11 11 81 it V ‘ 89
55 X o O 10.......Mystic....... 9 11 io Cl! US 28
4 06 — 9 - 8 20 f.....Fletcher....... 5 11 14 It 28 i.? 12
20 9 80 25 ......Fitzgerald...... 0 1100 If ? * 00
ARRIVE LEAVE A. if.
Trains Nos. 1, 2, 8 and 4 run daily, except .Sunday.
Trains Nos. 7 and 8 him on Sunday only.
(f) Flag Station. Trains stop only on Signal.
All Trains make connection with tlie Plant System and Georgia
Southern & Florida at Tifton, and the Georgia & Alabama at Fitz¬
gerald. F. G. BOATRIGHT, Traffic Manager.
HOW TO PREVENT PNEUMONIA.
You n -° r' ,Hve nn n,nS
cold P“«," .or m 7"‘ from a n -ittact T’V of t, ‘ Knf.pr "
lIllu " 1 8* O'!
^ ‘ ll s a 4\° " 1,11 ' °
cases resulted in pnentnoum, )
W R S o istrvu m t >' . .u .,
_
,u v ' 1 0 0 " l< * a ' 'J" tf '
euy 1 was used. 7' V," It counteracts “ am
tendency «f a \ cold or k - rii t>e l'o
“
k u • u ' ' .inntrernn* ' ‘ 1
r, . ,, , , .
18 " ! Vi* *^ r 1 ] 1 1 ^ ' 01 •
. (,a 1 la
“ ,r l ’ a<t C( ” ttU '
HI ° " ai t.in e. . "*
" U A .
• - r •
A FRICANA will cure Eczema and Ci»
tarvh to Cured.
