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PIGS ARE SECRET OF SUCCESS
IN MAKING SWINE PROFITABLE
Little Carelessness and Lack of Skill at Farrowing Time and
During Early Growth of Youngsters May Result
in Loss of Large Percentage of Litter
and Stunting of More.
Mak ■ -rM?
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A Money Making Bunch.
(By PROF. E. J. IDDINGS, Idaho Ex- I
perlment Station.)
The profits of a successful hog man :
rest largely upon his success in raising
pigs. No matter how well the sows
may have been managed and how
much care and attention may have
been bestowed upon them, a little
carelessness and lack of skill at far
rowing time and during the early
weeks of the pig’s growth may result
in the loss of a large percentage of the
litters and the stunting of many more.
Warmth and protection during the
first few days and sufficient amount
of nutritious feeds and fresh air and
plenty of sunshine later on make for
growthy pigs that bring profits to the
breeder.
If from a well-nourished dam and a
healthy strain of animals the pigs rare
ly need attention at farrowing time. A
quiet-sow does not object to the pres
ence of the herdsman, and weak pigs
can be helped to suck without irritat
ing the sow. Nervous sows are often
best let alone. In very cold weather
some artificial heat may be necessary
in the farrowing pen.
At three or four weeks of age the
pig will begin to pay attention to his
mother’s feed. This is to be encour
aged, and as soon as the pigs are eat
ing well, a creep to a pig feeding lot
should be provided. Skim-milk is the
standard pig feed, but some grain
CEMENT TANKS !
TO DIP SWINE
/
'Directions Given for Construction -
of Basin Found Entirely
Satisfactory by
Illinoisan.
,By W. H. UNDERWOOD.)
Last spring I made a cement dip
ping tank for my hogs which has
proven very satisfactory, and will give
the instructions for making same so
that if anyone desires to do so he can
make one for himself.
I dug a hole 11 feet long on top, 5
feet long on the bottom, straight at
one end and sloping across the 6 feet
at the other, 26 inches wide at the
bottom, 32 inches at the top and 4%
feet deep.
I then made a wooden frame of
boards 6 inches smaller every way
than the hole and filled in the space
all around with cement, using three
parts sand to one part cement.
After it had set 24 hours, I took out
the wooden frame. I made wooden
cleat steps at the sloping end for the
hogs to walk out on. My hogs were
covered with lice last spring and I
had tried all remedies heard of to get
rid of them. I dipped the hogs at in
tervals of about a month and noted a
marked change in their condition as
to skin and health.
A neighbor of mine has a dipping
tank somewhat similar to mine. He
dug a hole 2 feet wide at the top and
8 feet long; and at the bottom 18
Inches wide and 4 feet long, making
the hole 3 feet deep, straight up and
down at one end with a gradual in
cline for the hogs to walk out at the
other.
Then he took cement, mixing it in
proportion of one part of cement to
four parts sand, and plastered this
over like a cistern, plastering the ce
ment directly on the dirt. After this
coating of cement had thoroughly set
he washed the inside with pure ce
ment, to make lb absolutely tight.
Whether it is safe to plaster the
cement directly on the dirt, as done
by my neighbor, depends on the char
acter of the soil. Ordinarily I think
my plan the better; that is, to build
the frame six inches smaller than the
hole and fill in the space all around
with cement
It will pay every farmer who raises
hogs to have a dipping tank of some
sort and dip his hogs at least once a
month, without regard as to whether
they are troubled with lice or not. It
will keep their skin in fine condition
and contribute materially to their
health.
Pigs can be dipped at any age,
lambs as well. The larger tank de
scribed above will answer for both
sheep and lambs.
Young Orchards.
Examine the young orchard trees,
tor injuries by mice or rabbits.
| should be fed in addition. A palatable
I mixture for this purpose Is four parts
I shorts, two parts corn and one part
tankage. If corn is not available,
ground wheat, sifted ground oats or
field peas may replace the corn. Both
sows and pigs should have the run of
alfalfa, clover, rape, oats and peas, or
other pasture. The object to be se
cured with the pigs, is to train them to
depend on prepared feeds to a large
extent before weaning time.
Weaning time is from six to twelve
weeks. If the sows are to be rebred
at once, the pigs should be weaned at
eight or nine weeks of age. If one
litter per year only is planned, the pigs
may be allowed to run with the sow
until twelve or fourteen weeks of age.
After weaning, plenty of sklm-milk,
fresh pasture, and a grain rotation in
addition, are necessary for best results.
In no case will It be found advisable
to expect pigs to make profitable
growth on pasture alone. At the age
of weaning, the pig should be making
very rapid and his most profitable
growth. It takes fifty per cent, more
feed to put a pound of gain on a 150-
pound pig than to put a pound on one
weighing forty pounds, and 83 per
cent, more feed for a 350-pound pig.
Keep the pigs gaining while young on
pasture and dairy by products, if
available, always supplemented with a
grain ration.
STARVED CALVES
ARE EXPENSIVE
Many Young Animals Kept in
Filthy Pens With Ration
Entirely Unfitted
for Growth.
Are beef breeds of cattle more pie
potent than dairy breeds? This ques
tion has come to me after examining
many animals. On the range, at least
90 per cent, of the beef type from
good sires are good feeding stockers.
In swine and sheep the percentage
of good animals is equally large. Here
the exception is usually found in ani
mals whose growth has been retarded
by some unfortunate condition, gen
erally lack of food.
On the range the “dogie” or moth
erless calf is ill-shaped and never
makes a profitable feeder. The “pee
wee” lamb may be simply a late lamb,
but in most cases is one whose body
was shrunken and “set” by lack of
food. Many a pee wee derives its
bird name from short feed and long
drives around a forest reserve.
My observation has been, says a
writer in the Farm and Home, that
where a robber cow is found, it is safe
to assume there has been a robbed
calf. Many are the vicissitudes of the
average skim-milk calf. Every case
of scours is simply indigestion, or in
other words, a training of the stomach
and digestive organs to fail to assimi
late food. That pail of cold or soured
germ-laden milk that was refused for
a time until hunger made it desirable
is training the stomach still further
along the same line that made pee
wees and dogies.
Many little calves are prisoners, in
dark pens, with filthy bedding, and
with a ration unfitted to their growth
and ability to properly digest food.
The calf, Improperly raised, comes
back to its owner as the robber cow,
and we blame the cow rather than
ourselves, which is much more human
than humane, and more of a solace
than of financial gain.
Fruit for Market.
The commercial fruit grower re
stricts his selection to the really
profitable sorts, which is a lesser
number than the average home fruit
garden requires in order to supply the
needs for family use. He selects sorts
that combine the vigor of the tree
and attractive color, large size, etc.,
but above all long carrying capacity.
Washed Eggs.
Washed eggs rot more readily than
those not washed. The dirty eggs, if
sold at all, would better be sold dirty
than washed.
Pay for Extra Care.
Chicks hatched in June, July and
August begin laying In February and
J March, and lay enough the first nea-
I son to pay for the extra care.
; INDUSJW,'
AND
meciMß
TWO-IN-ONE HANDY HANDLE
Hangs Paint Bucket Up and Holds
the Brush Straight—Useful for
Other Purposes.
A little wire handle devised by an
Ohio man will make life easier for
painters. This handle, designed prin- .
clpally for paint buckets, can be used ,
on other buckets, too. It has a hook .
at the top by means of which the ,
bucket can be hung up within reach
of the workman and a second down
wardly projecting hook can be caught ।
in the rim of the pail, if necessary,
to shove the pall forward. In the ;
center of the handle Is a clip to hold .
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/ Iliff
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IS 1
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■
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Handy Handle.
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the paint brush, thus keeping the
brush from tumbling about in the ]
bucket or sinking over its head when .
the bucket is full. The bracing effect ]
produced by using the bottom hook ,
is particularly handy, as It inclines the j
handle so that It does not get in the ]
way of the workman as he dips his j
brush into the pail.
STRONG WOOD FOR CARRIAGES i
Hickory Is Most Important on Ac
count of Lightness Without Los
ing Any of Its Strength.
The most Important kind of wood
which the carriage maker uses Is hick
ory. The lightness, without loss of
strength, for which American made
vehicles are famous, is largely due
to the use of hickory. It has great
strength and elasticity. There is no
other wood that equals it in these re
spects, and all kinds have been used.
For one thing, the light wheels used
on some kinds of pleasure vehicles
would have to be fitted with very thick
tires if hickory was not employed.
Ash and elm have been tried in place
of hickory, but these woods split too
easily to be successful substitutes.
Many millions of feet of hickory are
used every year in the carriage and
wagon industry. It «is feared that its
rate of production may not keep pace
with the demands of the trade, for
hickory springeth not up in the night.
Nevertheless, it does grow rapidly
enough to hold out some hope that
with careful supervision of the forests
the hickory tree may be made to yield
a sufficient crop.
FINDING LENGTH OF CIRCLE
Majority of Mechanics Much Prefer
to Deal With 'Fractions With
Divider Points.
The mechanic’s handy method of
finding the length of a circle is as fol
lows: He first divides the diameter
into 21 parts, and takes one of these
parts and adds it to the diameter.
Then he sets the dividers to this
measure (1 1-21 diameters) and tak-
/I 21 Olv<S>»nS N
Length of a Circle.
Ing three steps with the dividers ob
tains about the exact circumference.
The majority of mechanics prefer to
. deal with fractions with the divider
points rather than with figures, which
i must always be used in this calcula
tion. The measurement obtained In
( this way is close enough for most
kinds of work. —Scientific American.
Use Waste Products.
In Wilmington, Del., a use is being
found for the waste products of paper
‘ mills which have been accumulating
for years and have been thought
r valueless. One factory has dumped
over 100,000 tons of residuum from its
boilers on the neighboring flats, cov
ering about eight acres. This is now
1 to be treated by a process for extract
-5 ing the carbon for the market and the
r rest will be converted into fertilizer,
f
QUALITIES OF FUSED SILICA
Latest Material to Be Used for Any
Original Standard of Length—
Light in Weight Z
—— /
Fused silica Is the latest material to
be used for an original standard of
length. Such a standard must con
tinue accurate and Invariable for a
long period under all conditions of the
air, and the metals tried —copper al
loys, platinum, irldlo platinum, nickel
and Invar —fall short of perfection.
Fused silica claims a rare combination
of good qualities. It is light in weight,
cheap, and has small expansion; and
its disadvantages—such as easy break
age, lack of elasticity, and slight
solubility in water —are not Important.
The first meter of the kind, as describ
ed to the London Royal society, Is a
tube of silica with horizontal slabs of
the same material fused into the ends.
The slabs are accurately ground, with
plane and parallel sides. The under
sides are coated with platinum, and
the lines of the standard are ruled
through this film with a diamond. The
annealing of the meter —by slowly
heating to 450 degrees, maintaining at
this temperature for eight days, and
slowly cooling 14 days —cause a
shrinkage of about one 50,000th of an
inch.
“CANADIUM” IS A NEW METAL
Discovered by Metallurgical Chemist
While Investigating Gold Mine
in British Columbia.^,
“Canadium” Is the name given a
new metal discovered by A. G. French,
metallurgical chemist of Nelson, B. C.,
when investigating a large gold mine
in that province. While examining a
deposit of platinum metals, he dis
covered, sometimes Isolated and some
times in combination, another metal
which was quite different from other
members of the group. It has since
been found in many other Igneous
dikes in the vicinity of Nelson.
Canadium is a beautiful white metal
but little softer than gold or silver
and melting at a somewhat lower tem
perature. It Is not tarnished by damp
atmosphere nor blackened or affected
by sulphureted hydrogen, alkaline sul
phides or tincture of iodine, which
blacken both sliver and palladium.
When burnished, It is much more
brilliant than either silver or pal
ladium.
JACK FOR LIFTING AN AUTO
Geared Ratchet Implement Embodies
Several Interesting Features—
Easy to Operate.
This geared ratchet automobile jack
embodies several interesting features,
among which are the- lifting arms
or antlers. The working mechanism
is simple and easy to operate. A pin
ion meshes with the large gear wheel,
the motion being imparted from the
gear-wheel shaft to a pinion engaging
a rack on the tube which slides up and
down in the frame. The tube is
Auto Lifting Jack.
threated on the Inside, and into It
screws the arms, which are called
antlers because of their peculiar
shape, says the Popular Mechanics.
The antler form was adopted as one
which would fit the rear axle of any
make of automobile. The short horns
are for lifting front axles, but the
others may also be used for this pur
pose.
The jack Is mounted on four rubber
tired casters, with both ball and roller
bearings.
INDUSTRIAL
MECHANICAL
^NOTES^
Sixty per cent, of the Brazil nut
Is oil.
Glycerine is a bi-product of the soap
factory.
Both the Chinese and Japanese
manufacture alcoholic beverages from
rice.
The British empire supplies about
three-fifths of the world’s demands for
gold.
New Zealanders consume more than
seven pounds of tobacco per capita
per year.
Russia supplies Great Britain with
the greater proportion of her poultry
and eggs.
Over 100,000 pedestrians and 20,000
vehicles pass over London bridge in
one day.
A fleet of 250 refrigerator ships Is
engaged in carrying fresh meat to the
British Islands.
The cod fish shipped out of New
foundland each year are valued at five
million dollars.
A little glycerine, well distributed,
often will renew life In a much used
typewriter ribbon.
Shipping casualties of all nationali
ties last year totaled 108 vessels, with
a tonnage of 114,231.
British beer consumption decreased
from 36,841,000 barrels in 1899 to 33,-
619,000 barrels last year.
In one month the yield of gold in
Southern Rhodesia exceeded 50,000
ounces, valued at 31,000,000.
Fish is sometimes colored with an
Inorganic dye, to give It the appear
ance of having been smoked.
f
Moham
medanism
By Edward A. Marshall,
Director of Mioionary Courw of Moody Bible
Institute, Chicago
TEXT—Bewhre of false prophets, which
come to you In sheep’s clothing, but in
' wardly they are ravening wolves.—Matt
7:15.
The study of comparative religions
is becoming more and more popular.
great care must be exercised in
searching for the points of contact
less we strive to make them points
for the amalgamation of Christianity
with the non-Christian system. Mo
hammed is considered the last of the
great prophets who inaugurated these
great religious systems. He was born
in Mecca about 500 years after Christ.
At the age of twenty-five he married
a wealthy widow for whom he had car
ried on business,.by caravan, between
Mecca and Damascus. Later he be
gan to have religious aspirations and
on various occasions while in seclu
sion in a cave experienced strange
hallucinations that he attributed to
the influence of angels. He consid
ered himself constituted a prophet by
Gabriel and took up the work of re
formation. He became bitter against
idolatry and opposed some of the in
consistencies of his time. However,
as years went on, he became grasping,
which caused him to break his own
laws and do inconsistent things.. To
justify himself In this, he claimed he
had received revelations granting him
special permission to do them. He
soon took up the sword and became a
leader of a band of brigands. After
his death, Abu Bekr took up the work
and began the conquest of Palestine
and Syria. It was carried on by his
successors until Asia Minor and North
Africa, were conquered. They then
attempted to get into Europe through
Constantinople on the east and Gaul
on the west. They were driven back,
which delivered Europe from the yoke
of Mohammedanism. The conquest
then went to the east toward India,
and southward* into the Sudan in
Africa.
Mohammedanism is a mixture of
Paganism and Judaism. It is strong
ly Monetheistic; teaches absolute pre
destination and'that only Moslems are
saved. Its spirit is “rule or ruin;”
peaceably if there is no opposition, but
with the Iron heel, if necessary. Mo
hammed got his idea of God from Ju
daism. He took only the attribute of
justice and made a god of law to
whom he gave absolute sovereignty,
but attributed to him little interest in
the weal or woe of the human race
Since he considered God to be but one
person, he became very bitter against
Christianity on the ground that he con
sidered it polytheistic because of the
three persons in the Godhead. In or
der to account for Christ, the Moham
medans teach that just before Christ
was crucified, the angel Gabriel ar
ranged for some one else, who looked
like Christ, to be crucified in his place.
Mohammed in order to secure for him
self divine authority asserted that he
was the paraclete whom Jesus had
promised. He considered Jesus a
mere prophet and inferior to himself.
He himself being the last of the
prophets of God. The Mohammedan
• view o£ creation is very much similar
tc that found in the Bible. However,
' the creation of man differed in that it
is said that God took a lump of clay
i and broke it Into two pieces, creating
i mankind from them both. Os the one
he said, “These to heaven and I care
■ not,” and of those made from the oth
’ er lump he st id, “These to hell and I
care not.”
1 Sin to the Mohammedan is far dis
-1 ferent from sin to the Christian. In
the first place, sin has nothing to do
1 -with our nature, for man inherited
r none of the sinful nature of Adam.
Second, sins of ignorance are not
> counted as wrong doing. Third, only
1 the wilful violation of known law is
considered sin. Their belief in predes
’ tination and fatalism makes their fu
s ture fixed. so that salvation through
atonement Is not necessary. Neither
- have they sny provision from the pres
s ent power of sin. To match this
strange teaching regarding sin, the
> Mohammedans have planned a heaven
1 full of sensual indulgences where they
expect to rest upon gold couches, be
■■ attended by celestial beings and be
& always eating and drinking.
The treatment accorded Mohamme
-1 dan women is almost as severe as can
be found under brutal paganism. A
man may cause his wife to leave him
n by saying, “Thou art divorced.” Her
0 duty to him is implicit obedience and
reverential silence in his presence. A
n Mohammedan woman’s hope of heaven
Is to have a husband and thus to go*
in to be his attendant.
WASN’T A FIVE O’CLOCK TEA
Class One of Chess Fanatics Properly
Objected to Garrulousness
of His Opponent.
Two elderly chess fanatics were ab
sorbed in a game at the Mechanics’
institute in San Francisco recently.
Both were exeperts and rigid followers
of all the rules of the game, written
and otherwise. For nearly five hours
neither had spoken a word. Back
ward and forward, moving and coun
termoving, the game swung, •^'ith no
perceptible advantage to either play
er. Finally one of the old fellows
made a fatal break. Quick as a flash
his opponent moved his knight into
position and softly murmured,
“Check!”
The other player, making no effort
to conceal his displeasure, rose from
the game.
“What’s the matter?” demanded his
friend. “Going to quit?”
“I certainly am. I’ll be hanged if I
can play chess with a darned old chat
terbox!”—Saturday Evening Post.
WHEN it’s meal time—
and your appetite is
keen —and you try to think
of some tasty things to eat
—don’t tax your mind—
don’t fret and fume. Order
C^j^Vienna
Sausage
Hot or cold, they are
servable in a jiffy, and equal
the imported kind in taste
and flavor.
Once you have learned
their real quality—you will
always want them.
Always Buy —Libby’s
Don’t accept a substitute; -
Libby’s Foods present a wide
assortment, all the acme
of quality and reasonable in
price.
At Every Grocen
Libby, McNeill
& Libby
Chicago
Libby’s |
Foods wyyLyA -Ju |
Are
Always I]
Ready to |
Serve
111 ■
Sy friends are
so surprised WH
Ml at my EB
s'kin”
“I have been taking 8.8.8. You can
see the improvement in my blood. I have
tried everything!”
This is what Mr. H. Turner
of Lynchburg, Va., writes us.
And he hits the nail on the
head when he says the im
pr»vement is in his blood.
Impure blood is the real
source of all these distressing
skin complaints. And the
reason our Botanic Blood Balm
dispels them so quickly when
other remedies fail, is because
of its unusual power to cleanse
the blood thoroughly; and re
new it with fresh pure vitality.
No matter how severe and ob
stinate your case may be, there’s
hope for you in 8.R.8. Your mon
ey back i f it fails to help you.
If the druggist can’t supply you,
write to The Blood Balm Co. Phil
adelphia or St. Louis.
When all else fails
TEETHING CHILDREN
are a source of great
, \ anxietytotheirparents.
,jk I* > s heartrending to
1 SCSI them to see the little
ones suffer. We wish
every mother knew, as
1 we k now ‘ hie won-
■ derful efficacy of
DR. BIGGERS’
Huckleberry Cordial
1 in all cases of teething, when accompanied by
colic, diarrhoea, dysentery or any kind of bowel
। trouble. A bottle would then be in every house for
emergencies. Ask your druggist, Serial No. 2576.
• Price ascand 50c per bottle. Send for Confederate
। Veteran Souvenir Book free. Mfd. only by
L Haiti wanger-T ay lor Drug Co., Atlanta,Ga.
> MODSY TREATED. Give quick r»-
WnvrQl lief, usually remove ewel-
V ling and abort breath In a few days and
entire relief In 15-46 days, trial treatment
WM FREE. DB.fIUIISSOas, BasA.MluU.fih,
It is an excellent
thing for Chris
tian people to
weigh the relig
ions of the world
and for the non-
Christians to real
ize the power of
Christianity. One
of the systems
that is being stud
ied is Mohamme
danism, and it is
held by some to be
a stepping stone
to Christianity.
In examining
the various sys
tems of religion.
