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GEORGE WASHINGTON
Installment 12
Ho had not been put upon their
committee of correspondence, or been
appointed with Nicholas and Pendle
ton and Lee and Henry to draw reso
lutions and remonstrances; but when
it came to choosing those who should
represent the Old Dominion in the con
gress, but two names stood before
his in the vote. Peyton Randolph,
104; Richard Henry Lee, 100; George
Washington, 98; Patrick Henry, 89;
Richard Bland, 79; Benjamin Harri
son, 66; Edmund Pendleton, 62 —such
had been the preference of the con
vention.
Admired by Northerners.
The northern delegates admired his
"easy, soldier-like air and gesture”
and his modest and "cool but deter
mined style and accent when he
spoke; and wondered to see him look
scarce forty, when they recalled how
his name had gone through the colo
nies twenty years ago, when he had
met the French so gallantly at Great
Meadows, and with Braddock at the
forks of the Ohio.
The Massachusetts delegates had
reason to admire his manly openness,
too, and straightforward candor. An
old comrade in arms whom he es
teemed—a Virginian now in regular
commission, and stationed with the
troops in Boston —had written him
very damaging things about the "pa
triot” leaders of the beset town; of
their "tyrannical oppression over one
another,” and "their fixed aim at total
independence,” and had charged them
roundly with being no better than
demagogues and rebels.
' Investigates for Himself.
Washington went at once to the men
accused, to learn from their own lips
their principles and intentions, taking
Richard Henry Lee and discreet Dr.
Shippen along with him as his spon
sors and witnesses. "Spent the even
ing at home with Colonel Lee, Colonel
Washington and Dr. Shippen, who
came in to consult us,” was John
Adams’ entry in his diary for Septem
ber 28t.h.
No doubt Samuel Adams found the
interview’ a trying one, and winced a
little under the examination of the
calm and steady soldier, going so
straight to the point, for all his Vir
ginian ceremony.
There had been many outward
signs of the demogogue in Adams’ ca
reer. He had been consciously and
deliberately planning and scheming
for independence ever since 1768, and
had made public avowal of his pur-'
pose no longer ago than last year. It.
must have taxed even his adroit pow
ers to convince these frank Virginians
that his purpose was not rebellion, but
liberty; that he venerated what they
venerated, and wished only what they
wished.
Finds Massachusetts Men Genuine.
But the truth somehow lay open be
fore the evening was gone. There was
frank cordiality in the parting: Wash
ington was convinced of their genuine
ness and sobriety. "Though you are
led to believe by venal men,” he re
plied to Captain Mackenzie, “that the
people of Massachusetts are rebel
lious, setting up for the independency,
and what not, give me leave, my good
friend, to tell you that you are abused,
grossly abused. This I advance with
a degree of confidence and boldness
which may claim your belief, having
better opportunities for knowing the
real sentiments of the people you are
among, from the leaders of them, in
opposition to the present measures of
the administration, than you have
from those whose business it is not
to disclose truth’, but to misrepresent
facts in order to justify as much as
possible to the world their own con
duct.”
The Massachusetts men had come
to a better understanding of the game
—began to see how cautiously it must
be played, how slowly and how wisely.
A Critical Business.
It was a critical business, this of
drawing all the colonies'into a com
mon congress, as if to create a di
recting body for the continent, with
out constitution or warrant. The es
tablishment of committees of corre
spondence had seemed little short of
seditious, for it was notorious the com
mittees were formed to concert action
against the government at home; but
this "congress of committees” was an
even more serious matter.
Would the colonies venture a con
tinental organization to defy parlia
ment? Dangerous differences of opin
ion were blown hot between neighbors
by such measures.
Some of the best men in America
were opposed to Cue course which was
now evidently to be taken.
So long as it was merely a matter
of protest by the colonies severally,
they had no criticism to make —except
perhaps that Mr. Otis and Mr. Henry
had held unnecessarily high language,
and had been bold and defiant beyond
measure; but when they saw how the
opposition gathered head, hastened
from protest to concerted' resistance,
put popular conventions into the place
of lawful legislative assemblies, and
advanced at length to a continental
organization, they deemed it high time
to bestir themselves, vindicate their
-- "ri' •• CZ
BUM
/the story or THE first presihentx
BY THE PRESIDENT^
loyalty to his majesty’s government,
and avert a revolution.
Opposed to Rash Measures.
They were not men to be trifled
with. Had they been able to unite
upon active measures, had they ad
vanced from defence to aggressive ac
tion, they might have rendered them
selves formidable beyond possibility
of defeat.
Everywhere men of substance and
of influence were to be found by the
score who were opposed to a revolu
tionary agitation, such as this that
now seemed to be gathering head.
Even in Massachusetts men who bore
the best and oldest names of the com
monwealth were of this number; in
New York and Pennsylvania, at the
very heart of the continent, they
could, it was believed, boast a ma
jority, as well as to the far south
ward, in the low country of South
Carolina and Georgia.
Without Hurt to the Empire.
No one, they declared, but designing
politicians and men without prop
erty, those who had much to gain and
nothing to lose by the upsetting of
law and ordered government, wished
to see this contest with the ministry
pushed to extremes.
They wished no less than others to
see the colonies keep their lawful and
chartered liberties, but the thing must
be accomplished soberly, and without
loss of things equally dear —of honor,
and the maintenance of an unbroken
English empire.
The nice balance of the parties was
disclosed in the congress itself.
The Pennsylvania delegation was
led by Joseph Galloway, a man in the
prime of life, full of force and learn
ing, who had been speaker of the
provincial house these eight years by
the almost unanimous choice of his
colleagues, and who now stood forth
to utter the real voice of his colony
in proposing measures of accommoda
tion.
The Speaker’s Proposition.
He proposed that the home govern
ment be asked to sanction the estab
lishment of a confederate parliament
for America, composed of delegates to
be chosen every third year by the
legislatures of the several colonies,
and acting under a governor-general
to be appointed by the crown.
Edward Rutledge, of South Caro
lina, hot orator for liberty though he
was, declared in an “almost perfect
plan,” and was eager to see it adopt
ed; influential members from almost
every quarter gave it their hearty
support. Mr. John Jay, of New York,
among the rest; and it was defeated
only by the narrow majority of a sin
gle colony’s vote.
Chatham’s Opinion of Congress.
Chatham might very justly com
mend the congress of 1774 as con
spicuous among deliberative bodies tor
its "decency, firmness and wisdom,”
its “solidity of reasoning, force of
sagacity, and wisdom of conclusion,
under such a complication of circum
stances was such as even he did not
fully comprehend.
For seven weeks of almost contin
uous session did it hammer its stiff
business into shape, never wearying
of deliberation or debate, till it could
put forth papers to the world —an ad
dress to the king, memorials to the
people of Great Britain and to the
people of British America, their fel
low-subjects, and a solemn declara
tion of rights—which should mark it
no revolutionary body, but a congress
of just and thoughtful Englishmen, in
love, not with license or rebellion, but
with right and wholesome liberty.
A Single Aggressive Act.
Their only act of aggression was
the formation of an “American asso
ciation” pledged against trade with
Great Britain till the legislation of
which they complained should be re
pealed. Their only intimation of in
tention for the future was a resolu
tion to meet again the next spring,
should their prayers not meanwhile be
heeded.
Washington turned homeward from
the congress with thoughts and pur
poses every way deepened and ma
tured.
It had been a mere seven weeks’
conference; no one had deemed the
congress a government, or had spoken
of any object save peace and accom
modation; but no one could foresee
the issue of what had been done.
A Vision of United America.
A spirit had run through those de
liberations which gave thoughtful men,
as they pondered it, a new idea of the
colonies. It needed no prophet to dis
cern beyond all this sober and anx
ious business a vision of America
united, armed, belligerent for her
rights.
There was no telling what form of
scornful rejection awaited that declar
ation of rights or the grave pleading
of that urgent memorial to the crown.
It behooved every man to hold him
self in readiness for the worst; and
Washington saw as clearly as any man
at how’ nice a hazard things stood.
Washington Not Deceived.
He had too frank a judgment upon
affairs to cheat himself with false
hopes. "An innate spirit of freedom
first told me that the measures which
administration hath for some time
been and now are most violently pur-
suing are repugnant to every principle
of natural justice,” had been his earn
est language to Bryan Fairfax ere he
set out for the congress; “whilst
much abler heads than my own hath
fully convinced me that it is not only
repugnant to natural right, but sub
versive of the laws and constitution
of Great Britain itself, in the estab
lishment of which some of the best
blood of the kingdom hath been spilt.
. . . I could wish, I own,” he had
added, "that this dispute had been
left to posterity to determine.”
Could Be No Compromise.
But he knew more clearly than ever
before, as he rode homeward from
the congress through the autumn
woods, that it had not been; that Lee
and Henry and Mason were rightly of
the same mind and purpose with the
men from Massachusetts; that confer
ence had only united and heartened
those who stood for liberty in every
colony; that there could be no com
promise—perhaps no yielding either
—and that every man must now take
his soberest resolution for the times
to come.
Washington turned steadily to his
private business for the winter, never
theless, as was his wont —pushed for
ward the preparation and settlement
of his western lands, and stood guard,
as before, over the soldiers’ grants
upon the Ohio, against official bad
faith and negligence.
The Busiest Man in Virginia.
“For a year or two past there has
been scarce a moment that I could
properly call my own,” he declared to
a friend who solicited his promise to
act as guardian to his son. “What
with my own business, my present
ward’s, my mother’s, which is wholly
in my hands. Colonel Fairfax's, Colonel
Mercer’s, and the little assistance I
have undertaken to give in the man
agement of my brother Augustine’s
concerns, together with the share 1
take in public affairs, I have been con
stantly engaged in writing letters, set
tling accounts, and negotiating one
piece of business or another; by
which means I have really been de
prived of every kind of enjoyment, and
had almost fully resolved to engage
in no fresh matter till I had entirely
wound up the old.”
Does Not Shirk Responsibility.
He promised to undertake the new
charge, nevertheless. It was stuff of
his nature to spend himself thus, and
keep his powers stretched always to a
great compass.
With The new year (1775) public af
fairs loomed big again, and ominous.
The petitions of the congress at Phil
adelphia had been received in Eng
land almost with contempt, Chatham,
indeed, with that broad and noble sa
gacity which made him so great a
statesman, had proposed that Ameri
ca’s demands should be met, to the ut
most length of repeal and withdrawel
of menace, and that she should be ac
corded to the full the self-government
she demanded in respect to taxation
and every domestic concern.
Chatham’s Fervid Warning.
"It is not cancelling a piece of parch
ment,” he cried, "that can win back
/f '
** /
America,” the old fire burning hot
within him; “you must respect her
fears and her resentments."
The merchants, too, in fear for their
trade, urged very anxiously that there
should be instant and ample conces
sion. But the king’s stubborn anger,
the parliament’s indifference, the min
istry’s incapacity, made it impossible
anything wise or generous should be
done.
Adding Insult to Injury.
Instead of real concessions there was
fresh menace. The ministry did, indeed,
offer to exempt from taxation every
colony that would promise that by its
own vote it would make proper contri
bution to the expenses of public de
fence and imperial administration —
in the hope thereby to disengage the
luke-warm middle colonies from the
plot now thickening against the gov
ernment.
But Massachusetts was at once pro
claimed in rebellion, every port in
New England declared closed against
trade. New England fishermen were de.
nied access to the Newfoundland fish
eries, and ten thousand fresh troops
were ordered to Boston.
Look for No Concession.
Neither the pleas of their friends nor
the threats of their enemies reached
the ears of the colonists promptly
from over sea that spring; but they
were not slow to perceive that they
must look for no concessions; and
did not wait upon parliament in their
preparation for a doubtful future.
Upon the very day the "congress of
committees” at Philadelphia adjourn
ed, a “provincial congress" in Massa
chusetts, formed of its own authority
in the stead of the house of delegates
the governor had but just now dis
solved, had voted to organize and
equip the militia of the colony and to
collect stores and arms.
Virginia In Arms.
Virginia had been equally bold, and'
almost equally prompt, far away as
she seemed from the king’s troops at
Boston. By the end of January Charles
Lee could write from Williamsburg:
"The whole country is full of soldiers,
all furnished, all in arms. . . .
Never was such vigor and concord
heard of, not a single traitor, scarcely
a silent dissentient.”
"Every county is now arming a
company of men for the avowed pur
pose of protecting their committees,”
Dunmore had reported to the ministry
before the year 1774 was out, “and to
be employed against government if
occasion require. As to the power of
government which your lordship di
rects should be exerted to counteract
the dangerous measures pursuing
here, I can assure your lordship that
it is entirely disregarded, if not whol
ly overturned. There is not a justice
of peace in Virginia that acts except
as a committeeman; the abolishing of
courts of justice was the first step
taken, in which the men of fortune
and pre-eminence joined equally with
the lowest and meanest.”
Washington Asked to Lead.
Company after company, as it form
ed, asked Colonel Washington to as
sume command over it, not only in his
own county of Fairfax, but in counties
also at a distance —and he accepted
the responsibility as often as it was
offered to him.
"It is my full intention,” he said,
simply, “to devote my life and fortune
to the cause we are engaged in, if
needful;” and he had little doubt any
longer what was to come.
Still Runs With the Hounds.
He found time, even that stirring
year, to quicken his blood once and
again, nevertheless, while winter held,
by a run with the hounds; for he was
not turned politician so sternly even
yet as to throw away his leisure upon
anything less wholesome than the hale
sport he loved.
On the 20th of May. 1775, the sec
ond Virginian convention met, not in
Williamsburg, but at Richmond, and
its chief business was the arming of
the colony.
Maryland had furnished the ironical
formula with which to justify what
was to be done: "Resolved, unani
mously, that a well-regulated militia,
composed of the gentlemen freehold
ers and other freemen, is the natural
strength and only stable security of
a free government; and that such
militia will relieve our rnother-coun
try from any expense in our protec
tion and defense, will obviate the pre
tence of a necessity for taxing us on
that account, and render it unneces
sary to keep any standing army—
ever dangerous to liberty—in this
province.”
Patrick Henry Declares War.
Mr. Henry, accepted the formula
with great relish, in the convention at
Richmond, in his resolution "that the
colony be immediately put into a pos
ture of defense," but he broke with
it in the speech with which he sup
ported his measure of preparation. -
In this there was no plan or pre
tence of peace, but, instead, a plain
declaration of war.
Once more did Edmund Pendleton,
Richard Bland, Mr. Nicholas, and Col
onel Harrison spring to their feet to
check him, as in the old days of the
Stamp act. Once more, nevertheless,
did he have his way, completely tri
umphant.
(TO BE CONTINUED.)
DOCTORS MORE ADVANCED
Writer Compares Medical and Legal
Professions to the Great Disad
vantage of the Latter.
Every lawyer wh4n young should be
apprenticed to some good physician,
and should return to him regularly
through life. Then we might hope
that from the neighboring profession
of healing there might enter into him
a spirit never to be wholly quenched
by all the deadening influences of his
work.
No fact could well be more surpris
ing or offer a more delicate psycho
logical problem than this, that -vidthin
two professions touching life upon
matters of equal importance, profes
sions of ancient dignity and learning,
amd inviting to their service men of
equal and rare ability, there should be
so different a spirit.
Medicine stands in this strange con
trast to law, that while the public is
clamoring for tire lawyers to advance,
the lawyers themselves, as a class,
offer the chief resistance; the medical
profession constantly outstrips and
leads the public imagination in de
vices to check disease. Although much
at the start was due to laymen, the
campaign against tuberculosis, against
infant mortality, against malarial and
typhoid fevers, is largely captained
and manned by doctors, who have the
hearty support of the profession as a
whole.
Os two Rip Van Winkles awakening
today, the physician would find his
old methods as rust-eaten and useless
as his instruments; the lawyer, after
a few hours with new statutes, would
feel at home in any of our courts —
Atlantic Monthly.
The Main
Issue
By REV. J. H. RALSTON
Secretary of Correspondence Department
Moody Bible lastitute.
TEXT—Rev. 6:9—For thou wait slain
and hast redeemed us to God by thy
blood.
For decades aft
er Luther’s refor
mation, in Eng
land after the Wes
ley revival, and in
this land and
Great Britain just
after the. Moody
evangelistic cam
paigns, it would
not have been dif
ficult to answer
the question:
"What is it to be
saved ?" for the an
swer would have
been uniformly:
"To be redeemed
from sin through the blood of the
Lord Jesus Christ”
The goal of salvation with very
many, and indeed, with almost all, is
getting to heaven —if a man gets to
heaven he is saved. Presuming that
the answer is correct, and barring the
advent of Jesus Christ, which will pre
clude the necessity of the Christian
dying and his soul going to heaven as
they now do, we may endorse that po
sition. Let us note here some of the
conceptions of salvation that men now
hold, and of which we hear them
speak, but are a part of personal con
viction; in some cases, however, noth
ing more than feeling. In speaking
of this we would not impugn the sin
cerity of those who hold them, but
we are convinced that many of them
are fatally mistaken. We have only
space to note three of these excep
tions. *
I. One man says: "Man is saved
through the inevitable operation of
evolution. Man has been placed upon
earth for the purpose of development,
and if he exists beyond this life that
development will continue until he
reaches perfection.” That is a widely
received view, and the recent revival
of the evolutionary theory as devel
oped in scientific investigations, has
largely strengthened it. Such writers
as Alfred Tennyson, who speaks of
that period "Far off, at last, to all,”
etc., have largely strengthened the
idea, and it is known that evolution
ary preachers, if they do not general
ly deny the salvation taught by Paul,
as some do, so emphasize evolution
that the salvation of man is involved
in the principle, and consequently
nothing else is needed.
11. Many indulge the conception
that man is saved by right living, but
just at this point of right living there
is difference of opinion as to what
we mean. Many promptly say it
means doing what is right, but do not
define the word right. We must have
some criterion of judgment, and we
inquire for that. Many, if pressed,
will say, it is acting in accordance
with the teachings of the Bible, but
here again there is difficulty, for many
only consider the teachings of the
Bible with reference to their relation
ship to their fellow men, and they
claim that if they act honestly in their
dealings with their fellow men, or as
has been recently said, give every
man a square deal, they are acting in
accordance with the teachings of the
Scripture. But, if a man is honest,
must he not consider more than his
fellow men? Does he not have God,
who is the author of the Bible, to
deal with? Is there nothing owing to
him, aside from honesty in our deal
ings with our fellow men? What
about high morals that are really per
sonal, and what about the demands
that are made upon men as to the
worship of God, the dissemination of
religious truth, the individual religious
life, involving the study of God’s
word, prayer, etc.?
111. In these days there is a wide
spread conception that a church con
nection, or church life, is the essence
of salvation, consequently multitudes
are easily persuaded to connect with
the church, and to adopt a more or
less faithful church life. We,have no
time to call attention to the master’s
well-known denunciations of the
churchism of his day, of the tithing of
mint, anise and cummin, or Paul’s
teachings touching mere churchism in
his day. The religion of Christ and
the apostles was the religion that must
have not only the shell of profession,
but it must have the kernel of reality
before God.
x Here is the main issue, and a re
cent writer has .in true and beautiful
lines presented the thought in connec
tion with holy communion:
"Savior divine! O evermore abide
In my cold heart! Redeemer, blessed
Lord!
By all the powers In heaven and earth
adored;
When flowed the dear blood from Thy
wounded side
By God forsaken and by man denied
Why was the crimson stream thus free
ly poured.
If man by love was not to be restored?
O! mighty theme! that doth debase iny
pride;
And cast contempt on all the things of
earth;
If angels are not faultless in His sight,
Os what account are we. who, from our
birth.
Wander afar from heaven, and heaven’s
dear light?
Yet it was not for them, but us He
died,
And with 'Him all our sins are cruci
al!”
—Rockwell
MACON, DUBLIN AND SAVANNAH
RAILROAD COMPANY
LOCALTIMB TABLU
EffocUvoJuly - 2, MIL
Noll No.2o~Stations7“Nol9 No. 17
A.M. P.M. Lv. Ar. A.M. P.NL
Tib 3725 Macon' 11715 4730
fill 3:37 Swiftcreek 11:03 4:20
7:30 8:45 Drybranch 10:55 4:l*
7:34 3:49 Atlantic 10:51 4:0»
7:38 8:53 Pike’s Peak 10:48 4:OS
7:45 4:00 Fitzpatrick 10:42 4: OP
7:50 4:04 Ripley 10:37 3:5#
3:00 4:14 Jett’sonville 10:27 3:4*
8:10 4:23 Gallemore 10:15 3:30
.8:20 4:33 Danvilel 10:07 3:2*
1:35 4:38 Allentown 10:02 3:17
8:34 4:47 Montrose 9:53 3:08
8:44 4:67 Dudley 9:43 2:58
8:50 5:03 Shewmake 9:38 2:5*
8:65 5:09 Moore 9:29 2:45
8:10 5:25 ar lv 9:15 2:30
Dublin
S:M 6:30 lv ar 9:10 2:25
9:17 1:32 SouMD&SJct 9:08 2:2#
8:21 5:36 NorMD&SJet 9:04 2:10
0:81 5:45 Catlin 8:54 2:09
9:40 5:54 Mintor 8:47 2:01
9:50 8:05 Rockledge 8:36 1:50
1:55 6:10 Orland 8:31 1:45
10:08 6:23 Soportoa 8:19 1:33
16:19 6:34 Tarrytown 8:07 1:21
10:26 6:41 Kibbee 8:00 1:15
10:40 6:55 Vidalia 7:45 1:00
CONNECTIONS.
At Dublin with the Wrightsville and
Tennille and the Dublin and South
western for Eastman and Tennille
and Intermediate points.
At Macon iwth Southern railway
from and to Cincinnati, Chattanooga,
Rome, Birmingham, Atlanta and in
termediate points. Also the Central
of Georgia, G., S. & F. railway, Ma
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Georgia railroad.
At Rockledge with the Millen an<
Southwestern for Wadley and inter
mediate points.
At Vidalia with the Seaboard Al
Line for Savannah and intermedlat
points, and with the Millen and South
western for Millen, Stillmore and 11
termediate points.
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