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BENEFITED BY AMERICAN TRAINING
Sir Erle Campbell Geddes, who
has been appointed new first lord of
the British admiralty, succeeding Sir
Edward Carson, Is one of the handful
of great Britishers who emerged out
of comparative obscurity with the ad
vent of the war. Until hostilities be
gan he was scarcely known outside of
railroad circles, and American railroad
men knew him best, for it was in the
United States that he got his training.
The new first lord is a Scotsman,
born in India, but owes his abili
ty In a large degree to his American
training. He Is only forty-one years
.old.
He spent a year in the Homestead
mills in Pittsburgh, and backed that
experience with three years in the
employ of the Baltimore and Ohio
railroad.
When Lloyd George took the post
of minister of munitions In 1915 he
made Sir Eric his principal lieutenant,
or director general. In that post he controlled the supply of heavy guns, small
arms, munitions, etc.
Sir Douglas Haig had him transferred to France as director general of
transportation. He was knighted only last year.
POWERFUL RECRUIT FOR RED CROSS
was organized by Colonel Kean in 1916 and in the past few months he has
built up, through it, a great machine for relief work at the front. It was
because of his intimate knowledge of this work that the war department
made him commander of the army ambulance sections, which were first to
carry the American flag to the fighting lines.
DIRECTED TO BUILD MERCHANT MARINE
The biggest constructive job since
the building of the Panama canal, the
task of fitting together a fleet of mer
chantmen that is to save Europe from
hunger, and possibly starvation, has
been turned over to a Chicago man —
Edward N. Hurley.
Edward N. Hurley was picked,
probably, because of his record of
achievement. He Is not a politician. He
Is a business man. It Is not so many
years ago that he was sitting on the
throttle side of an engine cab for the
Chicago, Burlington and Quincy rail
road. From this position he stepped
Into a salesman’s job for the United
States Metallic Packing company, of
which concern he soon became man
ager.
For this enterprise he originated
and developed the pneumatic tool in
dustry of the United States and Eu
rope.
He is the executive head and prin-
cipal stockholder of several manufacturing and industrial concerns that have
sprung from the development of this industry. His interests, however, are
so diversified that they include banking and railroading as well, and have so
broadened his outlook that his reports on his different studies of trade condi
tions and credits are regarded as some of the most authoritative contributions
te the literature of American commerce.
Mr. Hurley has long been an advocate of an enormous merchant marine
for the United States to open up neglected trade channels. And now he has
been assigned to build It.
NAVAL CONSTRUCTOR PRACTICAL MAN
an international reputation as a naval constructor and administrator, his fail
ure In a post for which he has been trained by years of practical service,
could come about only through politics and disagreements with associates,
from which he has the Instinct to steer clear. He will take orders and obey
them, although he will not surrender a professional opinion.
His selection will have an excellent effect upon the country, which would
have resented the virtual removal of the builder of the Panama canal if bis
successor had not been a man of high professional standing, fully acquainted
with the construction of ships and ready to go ahead umjer full steam In the
prosecution of an enterprise that had been standing still for so long a time
that it was beginning to be possible to calculate delay in tern's of human
Wood
Another addition to the business
executives enlisted in the service of
the Red Cross during the war was
made when John D. Ryan, president
of the Anaconda Copper company, was
appointed as director general of mili
tary relief.
Mr. Ryan will have supervision of
the bureau of medical service, the bu
reau of nursing service and the bu
reau of supplies. The maintenance of
50 or more base hospitals will be one
of the large tasks which will be laid
immediately before him.
He has the position of director
general of military relief and will be
in charge of all relief work for the
fighting forces.
Mr. Ryan succeeds Col. Jefferson
R. Kean, who has been ordered to
take command of the 160 United States
army ambulance sections in the war
theater.
The military relief department
When Secretary Daniels Informed
Rear Admiral Washington Lee Capps
that the president had selected him to
build the merchant fleets that we must
have if the U-boats are to be con
quered, a shipbuilder had succeeded an
engineer in a job upon which the des
tiny of democracy depends.
'Admiral Capps will build ships in
quantities desired, on order, for build
ing ships, one way or another, has
been his steady job for 30 years. He
is a practical man, and as chief con
structor of the navy has the Inner
most details of every yard in the coun
try that bears the slightest resem
blance to a shipbuilding plant in the
grasp of his two hands.
The work upon which Admiral
Capps has been employed since the
new naval building program went into
effect a year and a half ago is directly
in line with that which he will have to
do now in his new position. A man with
THE BULLETIN, IRWINTON, GEORGIA.
EFFICIENT EQUIPMENT FOR SHEEP FLOCK
(Prepared by the United States Depart
ment of Agriculture.)
For the farmer who wishes to keep
a small flock of sheep In connection
with other kinds of live stock, spe
cialists in the United States depart
ment of agriculture recommend a
building similar in character to the
one described with Illustrations in a
new publication of the department,
Farmers’ Bulletin 810, “Equipment for
Farm Sheep Raising.” This building
will accommodate ten horses, five
cows and sixty-three sheep.
In order that the different kinds of
stock may not disturb each other and
to prevent drafts, the quarters for the
horses, cattle and sheep are parti
tioned off. The cow stable is ceiled
on the inside of the studs to make it
warmer and to provide a smooth sur
face which will not collect dust. The
rest of the barn has a single wall.
The entire central part of the build
ing from the ground to the roof is oc
cupied by the hay mow, which has a
capacity of 50 tons. It is reached
through four hay chutes placed to
make feeding easy. Storage space for
.
I
i i * xi A? fnJlJln S h *
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'O
COMBINATION HAY AND GRAIN RACK FOR SHEEP.
2,000 bushels is provided in the grain
bins, so that the barn has feed capaci
ty enough to carry the stock on full
feed for five months.
Closed Sheep Shed.
Another type of building discussed
in the same bulletin is a closed sheep
shed. This is especially adapted for
farms in which the main barn has
large feed capacity but not sufficient
flood space for the live stock. The
shed discussed in the bulletin allows
12 square feet of floor space per ani
mal, and is sufficiently large to hold
26 sheep. In this type of building the
feed racks run down the center of the
interior, dividing the floor space into
two large pens each 6 feet 6 inches by
24 feet. A combination hay and grain
rack should be used and all the feed
ing should be done from the walkway
in the center so as to avoid disturbing
the sheep. A large door'at the end of
the rack is intended for taking in feed,
FEEDING GRAIN TO
SWINE ON PASTURE
Some Interesting and Valuable
Results Obtained at Minnesota
Experiment Station.
Feeding grain to swine on pasture
has given some very interesting and
valuable results at the Minnesota ag
ricultural experiment station, as re
ported by R. C. Ashby, in charge of
the swine work.
Mr. Ashby fed various rations to
different lots of pigs, with some va
riation in cost, with considerable dif
ferences in the results obtained.
The largest profit was made by
hogs self-fed on shelled corn and
tankage, on rape pasture, at a feed
cost of $5.64 for 100 pounds of gain.
The profit was $217.79 per acre of
pasture.
The different groups fed were as
follows:
1. Three per cent of live weight in
shelled corn, with alfalfa pasture.
2. Four per cent of live weight in
shelled corn with alfalfa pasture.
3. Shelled corn self-fed, with alfalfa
pasture.
4. Four per cent of live weight in
shelled corn a th two pounds of but
termilk per pig daily, and alfalfa pas
ture.
5. Four per cent of shelled corn
with very light tankage ration and
alfalfa pasture.
6. Three per cent of ground barley
with rape pasture.
7. Three per cent of shelled corn
with rape pasture.
8. Four per cent of shelled corn
with rape pasture.
9. Shelled corn, self-fed, with rape
pasture.
10. Shelled corn, self-fed, tankage
and rape pasture.
The results from the feeding of
these different rations Is shown in the
following table:
Feed cost of Profit per
Rations 100 Lbs. Aera of Profit
Fed Gain Pasture Per Pig
1 $5,922 $105.85 $3,599
2 5.555 157.44 4.920
3 6.203 168.09 4.387
4 5.981 144.21
5 6.010 99.90 3.164
6 6.136 81.79 2.590
7 6.780 77.164 2.443
8 5.177 " 152.68 4.33 S
9 5.534 144.21 3.425
10 5.638 217.79
'l'he number of pounds of pork pro-
duetion for every 56 pounds of grain
fed in these various rations was as
follows: 1, 15.46; 2, 15.16; 3, 14.25;
4, 15.92; 5, 15.62; 6, 17.44; 7, 16.49;
8, 17.35; 9, 16.34; 10, 16.83.
The prices used in counting up
these results were: Shelled coru. 85
for the storage of which no provision
is made in this shed.
The windows of the shed should be
hung on center pivots to permit en
trance of air through their full size.
Sheep demand an abundance of light
and cannot possibly thrive where It is
damp and dark. For this reason the
number of windows must be ample.
The doors used by the sheep are made
in two parts, the upper half being
hinged at its top to open upward and
outward. With such door, an abun
dance of windows, and adequate roof
ventilators, there will always be good
ventilation if proper care is taken in
the adjustment. Ventilation, it should
be said, is one of the prime requisites
for any type of sheep building.
Such a shed as this affords good pro
tection for sheep under any conditions,
and, if made 20 feet wide instead of 16
feet, may be used for winter lambing.
The extra width enables detachable
lambing pens to be set up next to the
wall, leaving room enough at the rack
for the other ewes.
Still another type described in the
bulletin is a shed 16 feet wide by 24
feet long, open at the south side, and
having feed racks along the other
three sides. Such a shed will shelter
30 mature sheep, allowing 12 square
feet of floor space per animal, and,
when well protected by trees, will
prove satisfactory for mature sheep in
almost any section. In a cold climate,
however, it does not furnish sufficient
protection for winter lambing, al
though it may be used profitably in
many sections in the South.
Persons who are seriously contem
plating the erection of a building of
one of these types may obtain work
ing drawings and bills of material by
application to the office of public roads
and rural engineering, department of
agriculture, Washington, D. C. As
the supply of these drawings available
for free distribution is limited, it is
expected that no one will apply unless
they contemplate the actual use of the
drawings.
cents a bushel; ground barley, 85
cents a bushel; tankage, $55 a ton;
buttermilk, 2 cents a gallon; hogs,
10 cents a pound. The profit shown
by rations 7 and 9 was reduced owing
to the fact that one pig in each lot
proved unthrifty and had to be re
moved.
It should be understood that the
profits here are simply the gross prof
its over and above the cost of feeding,
the net profit to be arrived at by de
ducting the cost of labor with interest
and other overhead charges.
In any event, the showing is excep
tionally good. Work of this kind
should go far to offset sensational re
ports about certain hog-feeding work
not connected in any way with the
experiment station, except in the mis
information of those circulating the
reports. The profits are much above
the average made by the farmer,
though they are not in excess of rec
ords made by other experiment sta
tions.
WATCH CROPS CLOSE
FOR INSECT PESTS
Vigilance and Ample Stock of
Poisons Will Beat Off Ene
mies—Make Daily Survey.
(From the United States Department of
Agriculture.)
Be on the job against insect pests
this season. Make your food contri
bution to the human family, not the
insect family. Farmers who provide
themselves with insect poisons and
then keep a vigil for the first out
breaks of crop enemies will bring
through the largest yields. Failure to
detect an outbreak at its beginning
and delay in getting combative mate
rial may be fatal to the crop attacked,
is the warning of entomologists in the
United States department of agricul
ture.
That a groat part of the annual loss
to grain crops due to insect injuries
can be avoided by vigilance and vig
orous action on the part of growers
is not sufficiently realized, the ento
mologists say. Frequently insect
outbreaks originate within a limited
area, and when this Is the case it is
often quite possible to stamp them
out before any great damage has
been done. If the outbreak is gen
eral, then community action is essen
tial to prevent the infestation from
becoming widespread.
Watch your crops constantly. Make
a daily survey of the fields during the
most active growing season, If p<t»
sible.
Four dozen pairs of pajamas, and an
equal number of sheets and pillow
eases, the work of Mrs. Woodrow Wil
son and Miss Helen Woodrow Bones
for the American Red Cross, during
the past month, have been divided
equally and distributed to the Red I
Cross societies of England, France, j
Italy and Canada.
Mrs. Wilson and Miss Bones have!
been devoting much time to sewing for
tlie Red Cross and their example has '
been followed by women high in offi
cial and diplomatic circles. Mrs.
Thomas R. Marshall, wife of the vice I
president, organized the wives of the
senators, and they have been meeting
weekly to sew for the Red Cross, Mrs.
Franklin K. Lane, wife of the Interior '
department for the same purpose,
while Mrs. David F. Houston, wife of I
the secretary of agriculture, is work
ing along other lines of Red Cross
work.
In a letter to the British Red Cross .
society regarding Mrs. Wilson's handi
work, Eliot Wadsworth, acting chair
man central committee, wrote as fol-;
lows:
“We are sending you under separate
cover a bundle containing one dozen
pillowcases, three pairs of pajamas,
and a half-dozen sheets. These sup
plies have been made by Mrs. Wood
row Wilson and Miss Helen Woodrow
Bones. Mrs. Wilson and Miss Bones
work with their own hands on Red
Cross supplies and have sent to the
American Red Cross for distribution
the product of their first month's work,
which is very material in quantity.
“The American Red Cross sends
this special shipment to the British
Red Cross at the request of Mrs. Wil
son to evidence her active and most
practical interest in the work of mercy
Hats for the Schoolgirl's Needs.
Hats that fill in the time between
the end of summer and the beginning
of winter are obliged to meet the de
mands of the weather in both seasons.
They must look cool on warm days
and hint at warmth on cool days.
Light felts and velours, known as
‘“summer felts and velours,” make
their entry with July, and this year
have been more enthusiastically re
ceived than ever before. The summer
shades of those colors which have
come to be described as “sweater
shades," and these soft tones of gay
colors are at their best in soft surfaces
like felts and velours. For August and
early September wear fashion ap
proves hats of this description above
all others. Light blue, pale rose and
delicate apple green, head the list as
favorites so far as color is concerned.
For school girls, who must be hatted
by September for fall, darker felts and
velours, ami velvet hats are in the
hands of milliners in August, in an
ticipation of the needs of girls going
away to school. They are very sim
ply trimmed and the shapes are grace
ful and very soft. Nearly all velvet
hats have flexible crowns, but the
brims are of both kinds —flexible and
“floppy"—or straight.
The group of three hats shown in
the picture, begins with a velour hat
trimmed with a band and sash of soft
and heavy plaid ribbon having long
ends, at the left of the group. At the
center a velvet-covered hat in back, is
made on a soft frame, bound with nar
row grosgrain ribbon and trimmed
with a band of wide grosgrain ribbon.
Th® third hat is a velvet sailor shape
and relief carried on by Red Cross
societies.
“We trust that the shipment will
reach you safely, as it carries with It
such cordial good wishes from the Im
mediate family of the president of the
United States.”
i Red Cross officials say that the euor-
I mous quantities of surgical dressings
I and hospital supplies made by the
women of the country, working in Red
' Cross chapters, have all been sent
abroad and that an appeal for renewed
activity in this phase of Red Cross
: work had been sent out to all chapters
I to provide these supplies which will
; be needed in large quantities.
Bonnets for Babies.
When sunshine gets uncomfortably
' hot, mother lays away baby's tight lit
tle muslin cap, substituting the wash
bonnet to shade her toddler's eyes
from the sun's rays. Material for this
. bonnet may vary from the finest ba
tiste and handkerchief linen to the
i heaviest pique.
Pique forms the outside of an attrac
i tive bonnet, the brim of which is lined
with a soft rose-colored linen. Button
holing with white cotton holds the ma
■ terials together at the edge. This
' should be done first along a basting
. thread to show the shape of the brim
and the goods cut away afterward. A
. very fine picot edge of pink cotton is
i worked into this white buttonholing.
Wash Fabrics in Hats.
Plaid gingham Is much in vogue for
: hats this summer, and delightful mod
' els of gray-colored ginghams are often
faced with black or bright colored
• straw. Dimity is another fabric that
I has come in with gingham, and is re-
I eelving its share of attention.
that depends for ornamentation a,
chenille cord sewed in a “battlement’*
pattern to the body of the hat, about
the brim edge and on the crown.
There are only three selected from
a variety of hats of similar character,
They are representative of the sea.
son’s styles and may be depended up
on for their good style. The velvet
hats are in black and the velours in
dark brown; the latter Is made in
dark shades of all the standard colors.
Patriotic Handbags.
Red. white and blue reticules are
made of knitted artificial silk, and the
colors are arranged in horizontal
stripes in graduated widths. The
handles are of red. white and blue
cord, and a red. white and blue tassel
swings from the bottom of the bag.
One ingenious maid thought she
would fashion herself a patriotic hand
bag out of a small silk flag, but she
speedily discovered that Old Glory is
not to be put to any such uses. One
may wear the flag as a decoration on
one's costume, but it may not form any
part of the costume or be incorporated
in parasol or handbag.
Brown Patent Leather for Shoes.
Brown patent leather Is being used
to fashion feminine shoes. It has a
wonderful softness and pliability and
has not quite the same size-increasing
highlights which black patent leather
shows.
