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War Booms Artificial
SW” Leg Indushy>3
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T b^MI masher’’ A WRBiRI
■ 3 I By ROBERT H. MOULTON
RTIFICIAL limb factor
ies have been running at
double capacity since the
beginning of the great
war in Europe. Al
-1 though modern surgery
has advanced to such a
degree that the percent
age of amputations now
necessary Is not nearly as
great as during our own
Civil war, the vast number of com
batants engaged in the great battles
of today has resulted in the loss of
many tens of thousands of arms and
legs. No official figures have been
made public for any of the belligerent
nations, but it is estimated that at
least 175,000 soldiers have recovered
from their wounds minus at least a
leg or an arm. While the various
trades of war are all doing a booming
business some of the collateral indus
tries designed to overcome or amelior
ate the havoc wrought by war are
equally busy. Not the least interest
ing of these is the manufacturing of
artificial legs and arms.
Os the hundred or more American
artificial limb factories everyone has
been surfeited with orders, some large
ones having been placed by the Eng
lish and French governments while
many private orders have been re
ceived from soldiers themselves.
Large shipments are continually being
made abroad, the British blockade of
course restricting the sales to the sol
diers of the allies. One pioneer Amer
ican firm has completely equipped fac
tories not only in six large American
cities, but has. found it necessary to
establish branches in London and
ParU, all working night and day in an
endeavor to meet the abnormal de
mands.
It is somewhat of a coincidence that ■
the crippled soldiers of France should
depend for their best artificial limbs
upon the product of American skill
constructed principally of English wil
low, In spite of the fact that the fath
er of real surgery was a Frenchman,
Ambroise Pare. It Is true that Hip
pocrates, the great Greek surgeon, who
lived 2,000 years before Pare, per
formed amputations, but only a small
percentage of the patients survived the
shock. Pare’s greatest w’ork came on
the battlefield some 300 years ago,
where he performed dozens of opera
tions which advanced the knowledge
at surgery more than it had been for
warded since the beginning of time.
There he discovered that instead of
pouring boiling oil In gunshot wounds,
as had invariably been the custom, a
much greater percentage of rapid re
coveries were made when the oil was
omitted and the patients were handled
carefully ‘and cleanly, thus bringing
about the first step toward modern
antiseptic surgery. Yet while surgeons
from the Greeks down learned how to
cut off legs and arms without killing
people, but little was accomplished un
til the present generation in replacing
the lost members. Egyptian hiero
glyphics show one of the lesser known
of the Pharaos, who had suffered the
loss of his legs, struggling about wllfh
blocks of wood held in his hands, not
unlike the street fakirs of today. Even
the crutch did not appear until the
fourteenth century, and the crude
wooden limb or "peg-leg” was invented
not until after the time of Pare.
The artificial limb of today is some
thing of a marvel. Many men with a
leg off below or even above the knee
CONDENSATIONS
/ ■
A plant in Germany converts 30 tons
of peat into nine tons of coke, with
gas and tar as by-products.
A new piano for traveling music
ians weighs but 120 pounds and can
be packed and shipped like a trunk.
The Increase in beet sugar produc
tion in Sweden has almost caught up
with the nation's demand for sugar.
It is estimated that Spain has de
veloped not more than 8 per cent of
its available hydro-electric power.
go through life with a scarcely per
ceptible limp, only their closest friends
knowing that they are legless. “Cor
.poral” James Tanner, former commis
sioner of pensions and commander in
chief of the G. A. R., would be an ab
solutely' helpless cripple without arti
ficial legs, having lost both of his legs
nearly at the knees after three oper
ations, yet with his artificial limbs he
moves about with perfect dignity.
General Dudley, also once commis
sioner of pensions, who had but one
leg, walked with only a slight limp
and many times in Washington so
ciety gracefully guided a fair partner
through the mazes of the waltz in a
room full of dancers. United States
Senator M. C. Butler, Gen. Wade
Hampton, and many other men in pub
lic life have worn artificial legs unbe
known to most people, but what is
more remarkable, the best makes of
artificial limbs will be found in use by
the thousand by men engaged In hard
manual labor, coal miners, firemen,
horsemen, bicycle riders, house paint
ers, and even railroad engineers and
brakemen whose vocations require the
display of no little agility, and doz
ens of cases are on record where men
in all these walks of life have lost not
one but both legs.
The best artificial leg weighs from
SOME BIRDS AND THEIR PREY
Thrush Has Been Known to Use
Stone as Slaughter Block on
Which to Break Snail Shells.
In districts where shelled snails
are abundant it Is no rare thing to
come across a stone utilized as a
slaughter block by some particular
thrush. Even If the bird is not
caught In the act, numerous broken
and empty shells scattered in the
neighborhood betray the place where
the mollusks have been done to death.
The method adopted by the thrush
is simply that of dropping a snail from
a height time and again until the shell
is broken and the succulent body
within is exposed to the captor’s beak.
But the anvil is sometimes made use
of in a different way, and with a dif
ferent end in view. In the depths
of a Highland birch wood an observer
came upon such a sacrificial stone, at
which a thrush was busily occupied.
Field glasses made evident that not a
snail but a common black slug was
his captive. This he grasped by the
middle with his beak, dashing it re
peatedly with resounding smacks upon
the stone, whence It occasionally re
bounded, only to be caught and ham
mered once more.
Subsequent examination of the
stone revealed with what effect the
operation had been carried out. But
what of its purpose? Here was no
shell to be broken. It may be that
the thrush simply wished to kill its
prey, but the fact that thrushes swal
low wriggling worms without hesita
tion renders this explanation improb
able. It is more likely that the skin
An artificial cork invented in Swe
den is made of cork waste and a bind
ing paste.
Pet canaries in this country con
sumed a total of 3,704,625 pounds of
birdseed during - the last year.
Last year there were shipped into
Los Angeles 1,400,000 pounds of but
ter at 24 cents a pound in carload lots.
The Puget Sound division of the
Northern .pacific railroad has adopted
the policy of employing women instead
of men wherever women are able to
do the work required.
two and a quarter to four and a half
pounds, a vastly different thing from
the solid “peg-leg,” Moreover it is
perfectly hinged at the knee and arti
culated at the foot. The cost of such
a leg is about SIOO, but it is guaran
teed for five years. Such a leg, which
must fit perfectly, cannot be turned
out like shoes by the million; each one
must be particularly, personally fitted.
Although machinery is used in limb
making, there is much exact hand
work necessary, for it is said that no
two amputations are exactly alike.
However, by making a plaster cast of
the stump and giving exact measure
meats orders can be satisfactorily han
dled by mail.
The United States government al
lows its legless and armless veterans,
in addition to their pensions, new arti
ficial limbs every three years, and
since European governments will
doubtless carry out a similar policy, it
seems unfortunately true that arti
ficial limb factories will be assured
of busy times for many Long years to
come.
There is one man among the many
manufacturers of artificial limbs in
this country who can sympathize with
the unfortunate soldiers of the Euro
pean war who have lost an arm or a
leg. He is Joseph E. Hanger of Wash
ington, D. C„ who owes his present
success in life to the loss of a leg on
the battlefield during the Civil war.
Most men would have become discour
aged to have to battle their way
through life handicapped in this way,
but, with a keen insight to conditions
brought on by that terrible conflict,
Mr. Hanger, after making his own ar
tificial leg, started into the business
in a small way.
of the slug was too thick and coarse
to be palatable, and that the thrush
was simply endeavoring to dash out
the edible portions within, or that it
was attempting to render the tough
skin more tender by a method analo
gous to the domestic “batting of a
steak.”
A Sculptor’s Error.
Whenever there is a military parade
in Washington, D. C., and the soldiers
or others who have had military expe
rience are in the vicinity of the magni
ficent statue of General Sherman,
which stands just south of the treas
ury, there is stye to be comment on
the blunder which the sculptor made
in connection with the equipment of
the figures at the base of the statue.
The blanket roll, which is properly
carried over the left shoulder by sol
diers, is here shown over the right
shoulder, where, as even the small
boys know nowadays, it would inter
fere with the gun.—Popular Science
Monthly.
Several North Stars.
In the known course of history there
have been several successive north
stars. When the great pyramid of
Cheops was built Alpha Draconis was
north star, and the Egyptian astron
omers made a northward, sloping pass
age several hundred feet long, from
a place deep under the base of the py
ramid straight through its vast mass
of masonry, and this served them as
an immense telescope tube, without a
glass, for observing their sentinel in
the sky. The present North Star is a
huge sun, between fifty and one hun
dred times brighter than ours.
A Realistic Film.
“This is a very realistic picture.”
“Very,” said the manager. “Would
you believe it, the first time we
showed this film eight young women
waited for half an hour after the show
to see the leading man come out of
the alley behind the theater?’"
Spoke the Truth.
’ “Look here, Finklesteln, when I
I bought this suit you guaranteed satis-
I faction,” growled the irate customer.
• “Veil, veil, vot’s de madder of you I
I vos sadisfied.”
THE BULLETIN, IRWINTON, GEORGIA.
TAX ACT REVISION
TABLED JiY HOUSE
Opposition To Measure Largely Based On
Failure Os Bill To Reach Negotia
ble Papers For Taxation
MONEY FOR NEGRO COLLEGE
Provision Also Made For Organization
Os Home Guard In
The State
Atlanta—
After having perfected the bill to
revise the general tax act, advocates
of the bill had the measure tabled in
order to save it from defeat with
which it was threatened by the sen
ators opposed to it on the ground that
it souhgt to place the burden of in
creasing the revenue of the state upon
the small business concern and at
the same time ignored real capital.
The opposing senators were particu
larly antagonistic toward the bill be
cause a provision to reach negotiable
papers for taxation was cut from the
bill.
The difference between the bill and
the act of 1909, which it seeks to re
vise, consists largely in the inclusion
in the bill of a large number of items
contained in the tax ordinances of the
city of Atlanta, most of these items
being on small business concerns not
included in the tax act of 1909, and
many of which businesses were not
in existence at the time of the pass
age of the 1909 act.
The amendment in the house, which
was designed to create the machinery
whereby the state could readily reach
negotiable paper, was killed in the
house.
The senate killed a part of the bill
which would have required banking
concerns to submit their property for
taxation at the same valuation as
shown in the published statements of
condition, made in response to the call
of the bank examiner. It was this
so-called exemption of big business and
the taxing of small concerns which
appeared to have created the opposi
tion to the bill in the senate.
The Georgia legislature made the
first move toward educating the negro
beyond the common schools when the
house of representatives passed a bill
providing $5,000 for the establishment
of an industrial agricultural and nor
mal school for colored students.
The bill as originally drawn carried
an appropriation of SIO,OOO, but this
was cut in half by the house. The
location of the school is to be selected
later.
The establishment of such a school
is in line with legislation suggested by
Governor Dorsey and by State Super
intendent of Schools Brittain.
The house passed a bill providing for
the eorganization of a home guard to
maintain order in Georgia during the
war. An appropriation of $5,000 for the
organization and maintenance of the
guard, and an appropriation of $5,000
for paying per diem salaries to the
members while on duty, were both
stricken from the bill.
An important senate measure which
was finally enacted into law by action
of the house was that fixing the age
of consent at 14 years, raising it from
10, and fixing the punishment at from
one to ten years in the penitentiary,
the jury being authorized in its judg
ment to recommend to mercy, when
the punishment shall be as for a mis
demeanor. This bill passed 127 to 6,
after an amendment by Mr. Pickett of
Terrell to make the age 13; one by
Mr. Culpepper of Meriwether to make
it 15, and one by Mr. Sibley of Greene
to make it 16 had been killed. The
bill does not disturb present state
laws on similar subjects.
18 Young Officers Sail For France
Eighteen first lieutenants who leave
the officers’ training camp at Ft. Mc-
Pherson will report at Hoboken, N.
J., on August 29, ready to sail for
France, where they will undergo in
tensive training preparatory to active
entrance into the European war. Cap
tain Corbin, adjutant of the camp, de
clined to divulge the names of the
men who have volunteered for the
service.
When the officers at the camp asked
for volunteer for this work, hundreds
of applications were received, amohg
them being a number of captains. The
men who were desired, however, were
first lieutenants, and so the captains
were rejected.
The. date of the sailing of the lieu
tenants will be kept secret, but it is
understood that they will embark with
another body of American troops for
France. It is believed probable that
within three months they will be in
active service against the German ene
mies.
Five men have been selected from
the camp to be sent directly to Cam
bridge, Mass., where they will under
go intensive training under instruction
of French and British officers
Increase Is Asked By University
Showing the extensive improvement
work now being carried on by the
state college of agriculture and declar
ing that the increase in the price of
materials has rendered necessary ad
ditional appropriation, representatives
of the University cf Georgia appear
ed before the appropriation commit
tee of the senate and asked for an
increase of $55,000 for the university
proper, SIO,OOO for the agricultural col
lege and an increase of $21,000 in the
Smith-Lever fund, to be devoted to
|.he use of the institution.
ARTILLERY STUDENTS GET
PLACES IN ARMY SERVICE
Large Number of Georgia Boys Who
Have Been At Artillery School To
Be Second Lieutenants
—Atlanta.
Prominent Atlanta men who have
been studying at the coast artillery
school at Fortress Monroe, Va., have
just been awarded commissions by
the war department, according to an
nouncements made In Washington.
The young officers form a part of
first camp at Fort McPherson. After
their preliminary work at the local
post was completed they were trans
ferred from Atlanta to Virginia in or
der to give them more specialized
training in the coast artillery work,
a training which was not possible
here.
Five candidates from Georgia, three
of them from Atlanta, were awarded
places of captain, three were given
commissions as first lieutenants, and
a large number as second lieutenants.
Candidates from Alabama and from
Florida, who were included in the
company which started its training
here and completed the course in Vir
ginia, also fared well in the matter of
commissions.
Atlanta Primary Comes In October
The city primary will be held in Oc
tober, according to announcement of
Charles Allen, vice chairman of the
city executive committee, the date be
ing postponed as a result of the orders
to mobilize a part of the draft army
in September.
“The people are interested at the
present time in the selective draft
and the mobilization of troops for the
national army in September, and have
no time to think of politics,” said Vice
Chairman Allen. “Therefore the city
executice committee, which will hold
a meeting the latter part of this week
or the first part of the next, will set
a date in the first week of October
or about the middle of October for the
holding of the city primary.
Nominees for the following offices
in the city government are to be
made:
A councilman rfom each of the ten
wards; three aidermen, one from the
second ward, one from the sixth ward
and one from the ninth ward and a
superintendent of waterworks.
Stallberg, German Attache, Quits U. S.
Hans Stallberg, tbe German attached
to the German consulate in Atlanta re
garding whom a sensation arose when
it was learned that he had entered
the sealed consulate and was said to
have taken sopae papers therefrom, is
preparing to leave this country for Ger
many.
Agents of the federal government
here said that Stallberg has made ar
rangements to sail from New York
for a neutral port. He will be given a
safe conduct from Washington, in ac
cordance with the government’s policy
to “invite” all former German con
sulate attaches t<Y take themselves
beyond the borders of the United
States.
It was this policy that resulted in
Stallberg’s dismissal a month ago
from the Swiss consulate in Washing
ton, where he attached himself after
the Atlanta German consulate was
closed.
Guard Health Os Draft Army
Concrete plans for an immediate
start upon the work of placing the
zone around the cantonment upon a
model plane of sanitation are being
worked out by Dr. Randolph M.
Grimm, of the United States public
health service who has been sent from
Washington by the government to
take charge of this work.
Dr. Grimm, now in Atlanta, has
been at work going into the situation.
He will be assisted in the undertaking
by H. H. Wagenhals, sanitary engin
eer with the public health service.
The task which Dr. Grimm has un
dertaken is comprehensive in its
scope and will involve an enormous
amount of work. It is the plan of the
government to co-operate with the
counties of Fulton and DeKalb having
already agreed to bear their pro rata
of the expense incurred.
American Soldiers Are Rage Os Paris
“Paris went wild with enthusiasm
when the first American expeditionary
force marched through her streets in
the Independence Day parade of July
Fourth?’ said Joseph Gatins, well
known Atlantans, who has just return
ed from a trip to France.
“Women threw flowers in the path
of the soldiers, and some of the bold
er ones reached out to put roses in
the barrels of the guns of the new
comers. It was a great day for the
Americans and for all Paris as well.”
Lieut. Hines Promoted To Captaincy
Lieut. Charles Hines, coast artillery
corps, who has been stationed at Ft.
McPherson for the last three months,
and who has just completed his duties
as examining officer for Georgia for
the second training camp, has receiv
ed his commission as a captain.
Airplanes Nearly Ready At Tech
Students of the aviation school at
Georgia Tech engaged in rigging up
two big government airplanes which
will be used by instructors of the
school in teaching the students me
chanical lessons. The machines will
not, however, be used for flying. Quite
a bit. of work was done and officials
if the school state that the planes
will be entirely assembled in the
course of a very short time.
It is not known yet whether the gov
ernment will send more machines tv
the school.
taWIONAL I
siimsoioM
Lesson i
(By REV. P. B. FITZWATER. D. D®
Teacher ot English Bible in the Moodyß
Bible Institute of Chicago.)
(Copyright, 1917, Western Newspaper Union. '
LESSON FOR AUGUST 19
FINDING THE BOOK OF THE LAW®
LESSON TEXT—II Chronicles 54:14-33. I
GOLDEN TEXT—I will not forget thy
word.—Psa. 119:16. y’
I. The Book of the Law Found (vv. B.
14-17), 1. The occasion (v. 14). It was®
found while the work of repairing the ■
temple was going on. At what part In ®
the temple we do not know; perhaps K
In the treasure house, for it was found
while bringing out the money to pay K
for the repairs. Perhaps this was In K
or near the ark, for the law was usual- ®
ly kept in or by the ark.
2. By whom (v. 14). Hilkiah, the K
high priest, was the finder. It is E
strange that the high priest was igno- K
rant of the place where the law was K
found. It is a sad comment upon the ■
moral and spiritual condition of priests If
and kings, since they were appointed 11
guardians of God’s law. It is, however, H
always true that when one does not H
want to have his life ordered by the H
Bible he will put it out of his sight. El
The disappearance of the Bible from 11
our homes, and the neglect of it in our I ;
study, is a certain sign of evil in our IJ
Ilves. Be assured, however, that
though the law of the Lord be removed la
from our sight it shall sooner or later II
come before us to judge us. God has M
declared that his Word shall not return k
unto him void, but shall accomplish that E
whereunto it hath been sent. S
3. Its disposition (v. 16). Hilkiah E
gave the law to Shaphan the scribe, ||
who delivered it to the king along with E
his report as to the disposition of the R
money which had been collected. B
11. The Book of the Law Read (vv. P
18, 29. 30). 1. To the king (v. 18). L
This was a most impressive scene, the L
king listening to the reading of the I
law of God. It was the proper thing I
to do, for those appointed by God to s
rule over the people should be anxious I
to know the will of God concerning I
them. The pious king, believing in it I
as God’s Word, was anxious to know k
God’s thought concerning the nation. B
His interest became intense, as he was |
made conscious of the apostasy of his »
people from God’s law. His chief anxi
ety was to know what was God’s pur
pose as to the nation in view of their
idolatry. It Is a sensible thing to make
oneself intelligent as to his responsi
bilities, even to know what judgments
shall befall those who have turned
from God. One should know the worst
while there is time yet to escape his .
wrath, for repentance is the only door
of escape from perdition.
2. To the people (vv. 29, 30). At the
direction of the king the priests, elders
and all the people were called together
to hear God’s Word read. This was as
it ever should be. People have a right
to hear what God has to say to them
as well as the king. To keep the people '
ignorant of the Word of the Lord is a
great crime. The crying need of the
age, with all its boasted knowledge, fine
church equipment and cultured minis
try, is for the Word of God to be
brought to the ears of the people.
111. The Effect of the Reading of the
Law. (vv. 20-28; 31-33). When God’s
Word is intelligently read and under
stood there is bound to be an impres
sion made.
1. The king rent his clothes (v. 19).
The man who will honestly listen to
the reading of God’s Word will be
brought to his knees, for he will be con
victed of sin, and will take the place of
self-abasement before the Lord. The
king first saw his own sins and con
fessed them. It is a good sign when
one sees his own shortcomings and
failures, and not primarily those of
others.
2. The king made inquiry of the Lord
through Huldah the prophetess (vv. 22-
28). His supreme motive in this in
quiry was to find out whether there
was some way to avert the awful judg
ments which were impending, as set
forth in the Word of God. After all.
the human heart instinctively turns
from threatened woe to inquire wheth
er there is not away of escape. Along
side of the flaming, thundering Sinai
was placed the Levltlcal system of
offerings. Law and grace are not far
removed. The law becomes our school
master to bring us to Christ. Through
Huldah the message came that God
had taken account of all their sins and
that judgment must fall, but Josiah
would be spared the sight of all God’s
visitation of wrath. The penitence of
the king turned aside God’s wrath
from himself, but the nation would be
obliged to suffer for its awful apostasy.
3. The king made a covenant (vv. 31,
32). This was to the effect that he
would walk in the commandments of
the Lord. He also made the people
stand to this covenant. He no doubt
acted from the sincerity of his heart.
4. Further reforms (v. 33). Josiah
now reached out as far as the national
boundaries, took away their abomina
tions and made Israel to serve the
Lord their God. The fact that the book
of the law was found Implies that it
had been lost. The way it had been (
lost is not definitely set forth, but nu
merous ways may be suggested. The
Bible is a lost book to many professing
Christians today, maybe through lack
of interest in it, willful neglect or neg
lect through the stress of life’s busi
ness and pleasures. May we not each
one inquire as to whether out Bibles
are lost? V'/
