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UUHPARISON OFTHTCEETS
tJSED BY ALLIES AND HUNS
I Franca ta the only nation whoso
soldiers shoot solid copper bullets
from their rifles. AH the other na
tions are using lead bullets.
; fche French polios are armed with
Lebo! rifles. The cartridges, which
have no jackets, measure .815 of an
Inch tn diameter. The bullet weighs
197 grams. Its muzzle velocity is 2,-
295 feet per second and its muzzle
energy 8,305 foot-pounds.
The German soldiers carry Mauser
rifles which shoot cartridges measur
ing Jill of an inch in diameter, and
weighing 154 grams. The lead bullet
has a forro nickel jacket. Its muzzle
velocity is 2,915 feet per second and
muzzle energy 3,018 foot-pounds.
The Enfield rifle used by the Brit
ish fires a bullet .303 of an Inch in
diameter, weighing 174 grams, hav
ing a muzzle velocity of 2,450 feet
per second and muzzle energy of 2,-
320 foot-pounds. The lead bullet is
encased in a ferro nickel jacket.
The Springfield used by the Amer
ican soldiers fires a bullet .300 of an
inch in diameter] weighing 150 grams.
The lead bullet has a cupro nickel
jacket. The muzzle velocity is 2,700
feet per second and the muzzle en
ergy 2,445 foot pounds.
Propelled by approximately fifty
grains of smokeless powder, the Ger
, man bullet is the most powerful at
short range, but beyond 500 yards it
is not as effective as the bullets used
by America and her Allies.
'• USING SILVER STARS
I
i* '
With the consent of the judge ad
vocate of the General Department, U.
S. Ax, silver stars are now being used
on service flags In the West to desig
nate soldiers who have seen service
in France and been invalided home.
In replying to an inquiry as to
whether or not it would be proper to
use the silver star, which he ap
proved, the judge advocate took occa
sion to say: "You understand that
j the service flag is not official, but it
i Is in general use, and the flying of it
is encouraged. Unfortunately it has
. been patented by private parties. The
; matter of having an official service
; flag not so controlled is under con
• sideration by Congress."
Medals And Insignia Authorized For U. S. Soldiers In France,
With Army Rules And Regulations Governing Their Bestowal
General Orders, No. 6.
W*h DzrABTMKNT,
Washington, January 12, 1818.
1. By direction of the President the fol
lowing decorations and insignia are author
ized :
(A ) DISTINGUISHED - SERVICE
f CROSS.
j A bronze cross of appropriate design and
, a ribbon to be worn in lieu thereof, to be
I awarded by the President, or In the name
of the President, by the commanding gen
eral of the American Expeditionary Forces
In Europe to any person who, while serving
in any capacity with the Army, shall here
after distinguish himself or herself, or who,
since April 6, 1017, h-.s distinguished him
self or herself, by extraordinary heroism in
Connection with military operations against
an armed enemy of the United States under
circumstances which do not justify the
award of the medal of honor.
Service Medal and Chevrons
(n) DISTINGUISHED -SER V I C E
MEDAL.
A bronze medal of appropriate design,
and a ribbon to be worn in lieu thereof,
to be awarded by the President to any
person who, while serving In any capacity
with the Army, shall hereafter distinguish
himself or herself, or who, since April 6,
1917, has distinguished himself or herself
by exceptionally meritorious service to the
Government in a duty of great responsibility
In time of war or in connection with mili
tary operations against an armed enemy of
the United States.
' (C> WAR-SERVICE CHEVRONS.
A gold chevron of standard material and
design, to be worn on the lower half of the
left sleeve of all uniform coats, except
fatigue. coats, by each officer and enlisted
,man who has served six months in the zone
,of the advance in the war, and an addi
tional chevron for each six months of simi
lar service thereafter. Officers and enlisted
men of the Aviation Service on combat
flying duty in Europe will be credited for
the war-service chevron with the time they
may be on duty.
The Wound Chevron
I (D) WOUND CHEVRONS.
1 A gold chevrcn of pattern identical with
that of the war-service chevron, to be worn
on the lower half of the right sleeve of all
uniform coats, except fatigue coats, by each
officer and enlisted man who has received, or
who , may hereafter receive, a wound in
action with the enemy which necessitates
treatment by a medical officer, and an addi
tional chevron for each additional wound;
but not more than one chevron will be worn
■ for two or more wounds received at the
same time. Disablement by gas imcessltat
ing treatment by a medical officer shall be
considered to be a wound within the mean
ing of this order.
Medals of Honor in France
2. During the present emergency, when
ever a recommendation for the award of
the inednl of honor reaches the command
ing general of the American Bxpdltionary
Forces in Europe, he is authorized to cable
his recommendation for immediate action
ami to hold the payers until a reply is
Page 10
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received. In the event that his recom
mendation ts approved, he will note the
action taken in his indorsement when for
warding the papers in the case and will
present the medal to the recipient as the
representative of the President, or will dele
gate a suitable officer to act in that
capacity.
In any case where the person recommend
ed for the award of the medal of honor is
at the time of the recommendation ap
parently fatally wounded or so ill as to
endanger his life, the commanding general
of the Expeditionary Forces in Europe Is
authorized to act immediately upon the
recommendation as the representative of the
President, afterwards reporting his action
by cable.
3. Whenever a recommendation for the
award of the medal of honor is approved
by cable, and whenever a report Is received
announcing the award of the distinguished
service cross by the commanding general of
the American Expeditionary Forces in Eu
rope, and whenever the distinguished-service
medal is awarded, such award, with a state
ment of the circumstances in each case, will
be announced in general orders of the War
Department by The Adjutant General of the
Army without unnecessary delay.
May Be Posthumously Awarded
4. The distinguished-service cross and
the distinguished-service medal may be
awarded posthumously to persons killed in
the performance of acts meriting such award
or to persons whose death from any cause
may have occurred prior to such award. The
medal so awarded will be Issued to the
nearest relative of the deceased person.
5. No Individual will be entitled to more
than one distinguished-service cross or one
distinguished-service medal, but each addi
tional citation in War Department orders
for conduct or service that would warrant
the award of either of these decorations will
entitle the person so cited to wear upon the"
ribband of the decoration and upon the
corresponding ribbon a bronze oak leaf of
approved design, and the right to wear such
oak leaf will be announced as a part of the
citation. Other citations for gallantry In
action published in orders issued from the
headquarters of a force commanded by a
general officer will be indicated in each case
by a stiver star three-sixteenths of an inch
in diameter worn upon the ribband of the
distinguished-service cross and upon the
corresponding ribbon.
Forwarding of Recommendations
6. Recommendations for the award of
the distinguished-service medal will be for
warded to The Adjutant General of the
Army through regular channels.
■■■- 1 *«
SERGEANT SKIPS A GENERATION
One of the sergeants in a divisional
aera was boosting Government Insur
ance the other day. He was urging
every soldier, no matter how he was
“fixed,” to sign up for a policy.
“It will be just the thing for your
children,” he urged. “If you haven't
any children, it will come in handy
for your grand-children.”
7. When an officer or enlisted man Is
admitted to a hospital for treatment of a
wound, or when an officer or enlisted man
is treated for a wound without being ad
mitted to a hospital, the commanding offi
cer of the hospital, or, in the latter case,
the medical officer who treats the wound,
will furnish the commanding officer of the
wounded person with a certificate describ
ing briefly the nature of the wound and
certifying to the necessity of the treatment.
This information may be furnished to com
manders of higher units in the form of
certified lists, and will be transmitted by
them to the commanding officers concerned.
8. Commanding officers will forward to
The Adjutant General of the Army, through
military channels, lists in duplicate of those
officers and enlisted men of their commands
who have been honorably wounded in action,
with a statement in the case of each indi
vidual, showing time and place wounds were
received and organization in which they
were then serving. Whenever a report is
made of an action, it will be accompanied by
the above-described list, and by certified
copies of the medical officers' statements de
scribed in paragraph 7.
Granting Rights to Wear
9. Upon receipt of lists of wounded the
commanding general of the American Ex
peditionary Forces in Europe ts authorized
to grant the right to wear the wound
chevron to the persons concerned, and he
will note his action by indorsement in for
warding the papers.
Ift. The right to wear the wound chev
ron shall be confined to those who are au
thorized to do so by letter from The Ad
jutant General of the Army or from the
commanding general of the American Ex
peditionary Forces in Europe.
11. The war-service chevron and the
wound chevron shall be as described in
.paragraphs 13% and 84%, Special Regula
tions No. 42 (Uniform Specification) (see
Changes No. 2) ; will be worn as described
In paragraph 74%, Special Regulations No.
41 (Uniform Regulations) (sec Changes No.
2) ; and will be furnished us directed lu
subparagraph ft of paragraph 66, Compila
tion of General Orders, Circmars. and Bul
letins, War Department, 1881-1915.
Verifying Rights to Wear
12. Requests for the Issue of purchase
of these chevrons will be accompanied by
a list of the persons for whom they are
desired, for the information of the com
manding officer who authorizes the issue.
The office.r, before approving a requisition
or a purchase, will verify the right of the
persons concerned to wear the chevrons re
quested. Requests for authority to wear the
wound chevron on account of wounds re
ceived prior to the present war will be
forwarded with all available evidence to
The Adjutant General of the Army for
verification through the War Department
records and appropriate action.
13. Section XI. General Orders. No. 134,
War Department, 1917, is rescinded.
(210.5, A. G. O.)
By order of the Secretary of War:
John Uttmtn,
Major General, Acting Chief of Staff.
Official:
H. P. McCain,
The AjliutatU (:< neryl-
DISCIPLINE WILL J
WIN THE WAR, SA YS {
BRITISH OFTJCRRI
I
Nearly every officer In Camp Wzds-I
worth, including the 500 young meed
of the officers' training school, heard!
a lecture by Lieut-CoL George Ap-I
plln, of the 14th Hussars, British!
army. •
The vast auditorium of Converse*
College was filled when Maj.-Gen.:
O'Ryan Introduced the speaker. But!
many officers had arrived late.
Col. AppMn looked at his watch as?
he faced the audience. "It Is nowj
four and a half minutes often ten]
o'clock,” he said. "If, when you get;
over yonder, you are ordered to go*
over the top and you start four and:
a half minutes behind the appointed*
time, you will be wiped off the faces’
of the earth. It is much easier to go!
to a lecture than it is to go over the;
top. If you can't get to a lecture on*
time, what is going to happen to you*
when you get orders to go over the!
top at a certain hour?
“The old adage that time is money,
no longer applies. Time is life. It;
is human life. And every day that;
we delay here is costing lives over
yonder. Every day that the people
of America delay backing up the
■ army that they have sent across,
means the loss of lives in that army.
“We have come over here to help
you, if we can. We want to help and
advise with you, so that you may
avoid the mistakes that we made,
the mistakes that the French made,
so that you will not have to pay the
price that we paid.
“There never has been such a war
as this. In the summer of 1914 the
Germans had the most perfect war
machine the world had ever seen. It
was not merely an army; It was a
whole nation. It was organized and
disciplined. There was not only in-t
telligent direction, but there was ab
solute obedience to order all along
the line. I say it was the most per
fect war machine the world had ever
seen, and it was. You notice that I
use the past tense. For it is no
longer the most perfect We have
just as good discipline, it is even bet
ter. We do the same things Germans
do, and do them juat as well, only
we do them quicker. That is the ad
vantage we have, and will keep. And
it is the thing you must do, if you are
to be effective in this war.
“The Germans think the United)
States cannot have discipline in their
army because this is a democracy.
The kaiser says he does not fear the
entry of American army into the war
because the American army will
never have discipline. And if the
kaiser is Correct in his view, then I
tell you frankly that the sooner you
get out of the war the better.
“The Germans’ discipline is that
of brute force, but there is another
and better kind of discipline. It is
the discipline of demdcracy. It is
founded on mutual confidence and re
spect between officers and men. The
British army has it, the French army
has it. I don't know just how we
got it, but we’ve got it.
"Discipline and efficiency mean the
same thing. Or putting it different-)
ly, discipline is the instant and will
ing obedience to every order, and in
the absence of an order to what you
believe that order would have been.
The obedience must be Instantaneous,
and it must be willing. Tardy obedi-;
once is not discipline, and it can never
bring efficiency. Discipline, instant
and willingly discipline, is a means!
to protection of life, and that is at
thing we are striving for as we go;
along. « '
“The man who will win this war,",
the speaker continued, "will not be!
the officer who gives the commands,'
but the officer who executes them*
This applies to every officer, of every
rank, on down to the platoon com
mander. Discipline, prompt and will
ing obedience to orders, rests with
equal force upon all of us. i
“And let me. tell you, you can
never lead »nen unless you have
trained thorn. It is a great privilege
you young officers have of training
men. You must make them respect
you and love you if you would gel
the full measure of discipline, am]
you can do that if you try. Begii
by respecting and loving your men
and observing a rigid discipline ol
yourself, and it won’t be long until
you will find them responding to yott
They will give you just as much as
you give them, and more. - Would
you know the secret of command, I
will give it to you, and I want you
to memorize it and carry it with you
always: I
“STRENGTH OF CHARACTER*
MULTIPLIED BY DETERMINA
TION. PLUS TACT, EQUALS POW
ER. TO COitWANO."
April 3.
