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I had two
H|HSer her defeat,
or to
sIWw 1 " 1 ' p rc P B,c for
Hbn when the fire
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Europe and cs
arquiaition of
At the Con-
M|Hthe Russo. Turk.
■ which Bismarck
■■Ke was redeemed
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sltal!
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not provided
Mould actually be
na Congress, Bis
■■« in forming an
Aa early as
Kjfter the treaty of
i or the
jgl been formed,
A st: in
no ft rmal
Hg®Jc«id<d bar the
Dreltelwtund ah-nt’d »ot tn sonewt
for tha Peace of Europe.
Os this all'anec Russia soon tired.
The presmee of « powerful sod unltod
ampL'o as a neighbor vrae found much
lees plot sing than the prwence of a
ioosely-heM.together confederation.
Franco had reorganised her military
and in 1873 another Frnnco-Qarman
war seemed imminent. With more of
its characteristic cunning, Germany
sought to learn from Russia whether
the semi-benevolent neutrality as that
of 1870-71 might be depended upon.
But Russia was non-committal; and
her failure to give Germany the re
quested assurances portended a
Franco-Russian alliance.
The termination of the Russo-
Turkish War opened the eyes of Rus
sia, which had expected the support
of its allies in the Drcikaiseround.
Bismarck, as president of the Con
gress of Berlin, failed utterly to satis
fy Russia, which was looking for a
commercial outlet in the Aegean and
thence to the Orient. He announced i
thst he would “refrain from taking
sides Vith any of the contending par
ties and would confine himself to play
ing the part of an honest broker."
Bismarck, scrupulous in his fulfil
ment of his promise to Austria, ig
nored the letter of his Imperial Mas
ter to the Cxar Alexander 11, and
Russia was compelled to make many
concessions and to find her victory
more dearly-bougb,t even than she had
feared.
I.VTER THE TRIPLE ALLIAMCE
The Dreikaiserbnnd was no longer
possible and a new alliance directed
against Russia was formed. This was
the so-called Triple Alliance with Ger
many, Austria-Hungary and Italy as
the members.
Russia and Prance were thus thrown
closer together. The coalition was
greatly feared by Bismarck and he
made an effort to revive the Drei
kaiserbund. This effort proved abor
tive. In 1890 a secret treaty with
Russia that had been negotiated by
Bismarck was allowed to lapse be
cause the Czar Alexander 111 knew
the duplicity.
The Triple Alliance represented so
great a coalition that France and Rus
sia found it necessary to come to
gether. The Czar of Russia had little
faith in the Government of France J
He knew, too, the smouldering hatred
of the French for the Germans and
hesitated to ally his government with
that of the French because he felt that
the existence of the alliance might in
duce France to provoke a war with
Germany. The Alliance was eagerly
sought by the French but it was many
years betorc it was consummated, and
when it was actually effected it did
not afford the joy to the French peo
ple that they had anticipated.
In 1904-5 the Russo-Japanese War
resulted in a tremendous drain on the
resources of Russia. The Triple Alli
ance seemed to France to be too pow
erful n coalition to be resisted only by
the Republic and an enfeebled ally
like Russia. So France looked toward
England and the so-called ENTENTE
CORDIALE was effected.
While France had been bulwarking
her position through her covenant
with England, Germany had noted
with eager interest the succession of
disasters to Russian arms in Man
churia. One year before Germany
and England had exchanged many ex
pressions of good will and King Ed
ward and Emperor William had vis
ited e«xh other’s domain. Germany
now assumed the aggressive.
German Emperor landed at i
■ngier and is reported to have prom-'
■Ld his aid to the Moroccan Sultan it; j
■ listing French control it was dur-
Kg the same year that the Kaiser
lt.|de his theatrical pilgrimage to the
TAlily Land. The idea of world domin
ion was becoming the ruling passion
of his life.
The Moroccan dispute assumed
large proportions and war between
France and Germany again seemed
imminent. A French Cabinet crisis
was precipitated but war was averted.
Thus far the coalitions in Europe
that had been achieved were the Tri
ple Alliance on the one hand; and
agreements with France and Russia,
and with France and England, on the
other. Between England and Russia
there was no entente.
In 1907 an agreement between Eng
land and Russia was effected and in
1908 it was strengthened by a visit of
King Edward to the Czar.
BALKANH ARE STORM CENTRE
The Triple Alliance and the Triple
Entente were calculated to preserve
the peace of Europe; but the seething
cauldron of the Balkans was stiff to be
considered.
In 1908 the Young Turkish Revolu
tion restored the Constitution and
turned the eyes of Europe toward the
smaller states and to the Ottoman
Empire. It was felt that any changes
in Turkey would react upon the Bal
kan states, Europe did not have to
wait long. Prince Ferdinand of Bul
garia declared himself Czar on Octo
ber 5 and two days later the Emperor
Go.
Villers-Cotterets, Literary Town, in Path
of Hun Offensive
Washington, u.
one of the historic French towns which
lies in the path of the present German
offensive along the Noyon-Montdidler
frotit. Is described in today's war geog
graphic Society, as follows:
“Delightfully situated, with the Forest
of Vlllers-Cotterests circling it to the
south and east, the town of Vlllers-Cot
terets, with a population of 5,000. is 17
miles southwest of Solssons by rail and 23
miles southeast of Compiegne.
“The town is noted In the history of
French literature as the birthplace of the
elder Alexander Pumas. Another great
literary light, Racine, the dramatist, was
born a few miles from here at l.a Ferte-
Milon, on the other side of the forest of
I Villars*Cotterest (eight and a half miles
ipiegne, Historic Town, Birthplace
k of “Ace of Aces”
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TRENCH AND CAMP
-
Franc!, Teteph attnonneed the annex
ation of Bnanla end Herregovina,
Tt wan favrwl for a time That thia
action would precipitate a general
European war, 3critia and Montene
gro were bitterly atlrred. Much de
pended upon Russia, Bat she was
only too reesntly recovering from
vnr’t prostration to engage tn a gen
eral conflict.
In March of 1909 the German Am
bassador at St. Petersburg, with an
autograph letter from the Kaiser, pre
sented himself to the Czar. Russia
immediately reversed herself. She
adopted the view of Austria and Ger
many. Bulgarian independence under
Czar Ferdinand was recognized and
compensation for the Sultan’s rights
in the province was agreed upon.
With this came the conclusion of the
Young Turk’s revolt in the deposi
tion of Abdul Hamid 11.
The settlement of the dispute over
Bosnia and Herzegovina was seen to
be but a temporary adjustment. More
significant than all else was the sud
den emergence of Germany as the ar
biter of Europe.
Germany had sanctioned the viola
tion of international law. She had
shown that no dependence could be
placed upon her own or her allies'
observance of treaty obligation, for
Austria’s whole procedure was in vio
lation of international agreement.
Little Serbia, roused by the annexa
tion of Bosnia and Herzegovina, to
wards the acquisition of which she had
looked for the development of a
greater Serbia, made representations
to the powers. She hoped to gain
some concessions. But she was met
only with stern refusals, and it was
not until March 31, 1909, that she
finally accepted terms of a concilia
tory declaration suggested by Britain.
In 1911 Morocco again demanded
Europe’s attention and German ag
gression almost brought about the
war. Germany insisted that the
French military occupation was un
justified and she demanded territorial
concessions elsewhere. To reinforce
her demand she sant a gunboat to
Algeciras.
England became involved. She
made a formal protest that she had
not been consulted and declared she
would recognize no agreement in
which she did not have a voice. Feel
ing against England ran high in Ger
many and diplomatic exchanges con
tinued for many days. Then Ll-'yd
George condemned the exclusion of
England from the negotiations and de
clared that peace at that price would
be intolerable.
GERMANY DEFERS THE WAR
Germany soon afterward announced
that she had no intention of establish
ing herself in Morocco and repudiated
the idea of injuring British interests.
Finally France’s protectorate was rec
ognized but she ceded some Congo
basin territory.
The incident disclosed two facts—
first, that the Entente between Eng
land and France was no illusory thing
but an actual alliance; second, that
Germany, while obviously eager to be
gin the great war had determined it
wiser to wait. England looked to the
naval programmes and found Germany
building with frantic haste.
First Morocco; then the Balkans—
this seemed to be the order, and-in
1912 Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro and
Greece mobilized against Turkey.
The powers of Europe, balanced by
’he Triple Alliance and the Triple En
tente, etved notice on the belliger
ents that the te’ri’nri-d gtatu
must nerrsin unaltered. But it was
no n apparent that this could not be,
fi r Turkey's collapse was comple'e.
The grert powers could not look on
disinterest-dly with such a division of
spoils. Austria prepared for mobiliza
tion; Russia took similar steps. Then
Turkey asked the powers to mediate.
An armistice was declared; but no
agreement seemed possible and hostil
ities were resumed. In March of 1913
the terms offered by the powers were
accepted by Turkey. The war was
declared ended. But Serbia and
Greece declared war on Bulgaria. In
June of tliat year peace was finally
arranged by the intervention of the
Czar of Russia.
Vie Balkan situation now found
Serbia with a new national enthusiasm,
with a strengthened military prestige
and with increased territorial holdings.
Her new national enthusiasm inspired
commercial ambitions and a conse
quent desire for a port on the Adriatic.
When the Archduke was killed in
Sarajevo it was not to avenge his
death that the ultimatum was sent to
Serbia. Germany had decided that the
moment was at hand to strike. Aus
tria was almost completely her vassal.
So Germany whispered that Serbia
was a menace. Germany goaded Aus
tria into war.
For Germany was ready!
S. O. 8.
Napoleon said, “An army tights on
Its belly.” Waste of food over here
will mean shorter ratious over them.
FA4l^—A *he -great
novelist was erected here in ISSS.
“A philosopher might write a volume
on the fallen grandeur of Villen.-t'otterets'
once regal chaeau, dating back many
hundreds of years and rebuilt during the
first half of the 16th century by Francis
I. Today it is a poor-house.'
“It was dur ng the reign of this same
Francis that famous ordinance of Vll
lers-Cotterets was promulgated, through
the efforts of Guillaume Poyet, a French
magistrate who rose to power through the
favor of Louise of Savoy, mother of
Francis. This ordinance greatly shorten
ed legal procedure in France, ordered the
keening of registers of baptisms and
births, and enjoined the exclusive use of
the French language in all legal actions.”
which is still well preserved, and it was
that monarch who here welcomed Marie
Antoinette, the ill-fated daughter ot
Maria Theresa, to France when at the age
of 15 she becftme the bride of the
dauphin, the future Louis XVI. It was
here also that that other Austrian prin
cess, Marie Louise, spent her brief but
happy honeymoon with Napoleon I. As
an evidence of the Emperor’s infatuation
for his bride (an infatuation which caus
ed Metternich to write that *he is so evi
dently in love with her that he cannot
conceal his feelings and all his customary
ways of life are subordinate to her
wishes’) there is still to be seen in the
park surrounding the palace an iron trel
■Lswhich hj|Jnrd*red built to remind the
press of her favorite
This «>:■.! :s remin’s
-t x• <! b\ the
.g who bu'r one of 'he
'<• > f " " •■ ”
r Tha ’ } bri.b- cht
> ' er ”' "' •' ’ : ”
pa r < f ! !r.'':-.i >-■
ee-■-■ •'■'.• ■■ ■ ti e
s • •'• • ■' ■ ■ - :r '
red—tha capture of Joan or Aro by the
Burgundians in IGO, followed by her
martyrdom at the stake just twelve
month* later in Rouen.
"Before the war Complexes wm an In
dustrial town of considerable importance,
its chief activities being boat-bulld’ng,
rope-making, distilling, and the manufac
ture of chocolate, machinery, sacks,
chemicals and hats. It also carried on a
thriving rlvrr-borne truffle In timber and
coal, and Its asparagus farms were
famous.
“In 1814 Compirgne offered a stern re-
Bixtenco to the Prussians, and In _ the
Franco-Prussian conflict of 1870-1871 .t
was one of the headquarters of the Ger
man army.
"Now and for all time to come Com
piexne will be dear to the hearts of the
French people not because it was once
a favorite residence of Louts XV. Louis
XVI. Napoleon I, I,ouls Philippe, and Na
poleon in. but because on Christmas Eve.
1894, there was born here Georges Guyne
mer. 'Ace of Acea.' the foremost airman of
Farnce, who before his tragic death at the
age of 23 had won every honor that bls
grateful country could bestow upon the
matchless defender."
SINCE WE HAVE
GOTTEN INTO THE GAME
We are changing day by day
From civilian habits to the military way.
At first we knew nothing about the game,
But we made an effort just the same.
They would have us fall in and then fall
out.
And we wandered what al! this stuff was
about.
They told us about discipline, courtesy
and pep’.
And said it was up to us to make a rep.
Wo would listen for the whistle and bugle
call
And it seemed that we could never learn
them all.
Soon wc drew out Khaki in full dress,
Thert w£f*lt that we could do our best.
Tt march and halt in place.
They sa d an arrny without discipline was
only a mob.
The more wp drill the better we like.
And we don’t mind taking a very long
hike.
We can form and out-guard and do-it
right.
Whether the time be day or night.
We can dig trenches or a safe dug-out
And we have learned the need of having
a scout.
Hand Grenades, we have learned to throw,
So when they call us we will be ready to
go.
Why, talk about your Machine Gun Drill!
iWe can do it according to the Command
er’s will
After a few months training in this Mili
tary Team, ,
Civilian life seems like a dream.
We feel that we are fit for the task ahead.
And w* will take it up without fear or
dread.
When we win this fight for Democracy,
then
We will return to our homes and be bet
ter men
—A. H. Bibb.
Co. A, 318th Machine Gun Battalion,
After Submarine Trials
Enlists As Cook
Louis Paul Smith, of 79 Myrtle Ave.,
Brooklyn, has been to France six
times, when the (’-boats were raiding
the coast three years ago. He has
been to Brest, France, and Swansea,
South Wales, England, and on his last
trip they were caught in a terrific
wind and rain storm off the western
islands and had to make port at Lam
berts F’oint, Va., Instead of going to
New York. Smith has offered his ser
vices five times in the city and was
always rejected <>n account of poor eye J
sight. He enlisted in the 47th State i
Guards «-f Brooklyn on December 17th
last and on being re-examined was dis
charged on account of bad cy»- sight
He finally got a release from his board
and tried to enlist in the navy but was
rejected again and was called by his
board and on being examined at. camp
was rejected and sent to the rnirmand
ing officer for an interview and offer
ed his services ;ts a cook and waa ac
cepted and he ha.-’ told h’s friends that
he- in and is going f<> be :» <-f
■i hot job to get idrii out He. was to
be married on June 26th to Miss .
Blanch B. Bofsch, one of the- most pop
ular young ladies of North Bergen. N.
J., who is also a Red Cross nurse, but
Smith says he will wait until after the
war an his fiancee is going to France
soon and they may meet and be mar
ried over there. Smith is one of the
most popular young men in the 17th R
C.. but is kind of lonesome now with
no friends down here.
BOYS FROM 17TH R. C.
The Dream of
The Dizzy Guard
(Dedicated to those who have walked
Bost No. 6 at the Augusta Arsenal. Post ■
No. 6 is a very small building used for
the storing of high explosives. The spe- j
eta! orders tn the guard are to walk con - i
tinuously around the building.) Poetic •
License. State of Georgia No. 23.
' Neath Georgia*fi golden moon.
Around the dizzy Sixth I walked:
And 'round and 'round and 'round
And 'round and ’round I stalked.
Low walled and gray, 'bout four-by-four, \
Dynamite Square I’d drawn.
O’dizzy Sixth! O. seasick Sixth!
From sunset until dawn!
With ej elids drooped, with faltered step,
I leaned against the wall:
And as I leaned, the big black doors
Swung out that bloody hail!
Before me stood a big black man.
As big as he could be.
And crimson letters o’er his head,
Read Mistah T. N. T.”
He caught me in his arms and rose
And circled in the air:
He circled high and circled fast
Right o'er Dynamite Square.
Then down my throat he poured a drink.
1 knew 'twas mercury!
I also knew what the mixture meant,
ls-L mlxed-WithTL N T.
He threw me up above his head,
While he began to fall!
I followed him at about a rod,
And not a chance to stall!
We whirled around, and upside down.
Straight down towards Dynamite Square:
The ' Castle of Blood, th** Dead Man’s
Post,
Stood in the moonlight there!
"Number Six,’* a shrill voice cried.
‘Twas the Corporal of the Guard.
"Wake, up! The first relief,
Advance and recognize!”
O. dizzy Sixth! O. seasick Sixth!
From sunset until dawn;
O, Dynamite Square on Cannonball Road.
Thank (.Sod that I am done!
RANDALL 8. PRATT.
3d Provisional Ordnance Co,
TOMMY'S ADVICE.
Sir Douglas Haig was, some few
weeks ago, in a hurry to get to a cer
tain place. He found his car, but the
chauffeur was missing. So Sir Doug
las got in the car and drove of* by
himself. Then the driver appeared and
saw the car disappearang in the dis
tance.
"Great Scott!" cried the driver,
"there's ’Aig a-driving my car!”
"Well, get even with him,’’ said a
Tommy, standing by, "go and fight one
of ’is battles for him.”—London Tid-
Bits.
THE LESSONS OF WAR
"So you’re saving up to buy an air
ship? You’re quite an ambitious little
boy.”
“Yes, sir; I wants to fly over Jimmie
Mack's yard and drop bricks on him.”
—The Airman.
Tell the merchants you saw it in
Trench and Camp.
k X. 6 3
the great war - 3
time sweetmeat. |
s
—the benefit, the
,X pleasure, the economy 3
of a 5c packag 8 of
(W 1 WRIGLEY’S
~~ has ma<Je ft fa- ga
* vorite “sweet ration”
I jCtAK of Jhe Allied armlet. 3
> E —send it to your friend 3
* .IrXW \ % at the front:
Viv fl
the haßdiest ’ fl
\lg 3* longest-lasting re- 3
i\H freshment he can fl
\b • carry. fl
\/ V /' CHEW IT AFTER fl
W WW EVERY WEAL J
1 The Flavor Lasts Bl 3
i 'J
S 40.0 J— 3
’ 821 . El_ J
KINDS
H-S OF JEWELRY AT j
\B[.E PRICES.
—= I
■ WELRY COMPANY
rice Jewelers.
Phone 484. I
If '
I C. T. GOETCHIUS & BRO. j
L PRESCRIPTION DRUGGISTS. J
Two Stores
602 Broad Street.
1002 Broad Street.
gHM Ill'll"' ■KIG
I WHITTLE & PLUNKETT I
1289 Broad Street.
I Complete line of high grade Baseball I
Supplies, Cutlery, Razors, Tools
and Hardware.
W WMAfn A Foundry, Machine, Bbiler~»
1 h I WS f< Works and Mil] Supply I
JLI xz Iva OI*.IL%U Store. Contractor’s Ma- I
AUGUSTA,GEORGIA. SST’ w™“ c.b“ d 5$ I
i i ri.u. lll .i.i l . Block. Burrows Shovels, B
Reinforcing Bars,
Etc. Cotton, Oil, Gin. Saw, Grist, Ferlilizert
Shingle Mill Supplies. Repairs and Castings. 81.
Flues, Stacks, Tanks, Pipes and Fittings. 1
FORD CARS AND SUPPLIES. f
81 1 i iini ■■. F renc h I
|a Cleaning f
$ ODORLESS 1
CLEANERf.’ ■
! FANCY DYE I
-* Office" C'>r. Green* fl
A.g .hEi-jfra >, Eighth.
«» Works: Cor. C<l ■
-f and Emmett. ■
Auto
WD T M
W? < IM fones ssscH
355 J f|
; ■ . : ,S~ . Soldiers’ Het I
~ * ■ qtiarters
Dry
JUNE 26
