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NEXT DOOR TO
ACADEMY OF MU8T0,
LETTER FROM THE
STATE CHEMIST
683 MULBERRY ST. K&30N, SEORSIA.
Rates,' $2.00 Per Bay.
A Treatise on Agricultural
Chemistry.
A HOME-LIKE HOTEL
Special attention given
Transient Trade.
THE VALUE OF PHOSPHORIC ACID
to!
A.
IMS,
As a Constituent of Plant Food it Is
Most Important—In Same Class with
Nitrogen and Potash—Interesting to
Farmers.
rying from the size of a pebble to
quite large masses. The deposits
vary from one or two feet to twelve
or more in thickness. This rock con*
tains no nitrogenous organic matter
like bone, but is simply’ a rock phos
phate. . It is true, howeyer, that among
the;.deposits are found many evidences
of life, such as immense vertebrae of
animals, and large teeth of ‘ shark,
marine and other animals. The South
Carolina rock contains from 26 to 28
per cent, of phosphoric acid. It is
highly esteemed both at home and
abroad as a source of phosphoric acid;
actual mining began there in 1S6S.
ft>
Agt.
-pr—DEALER IN*
felUP® . ...
Tinware, Wooden ware,
Farming Implements, Etc.
308 Thiud St. (Near Post Office) 'MACON, (tA
The Macon Telegraph.
Published every day and Sunday,
aud Twice-a-Week, by The Macon
Telegraph. Publishing Co.
Subscription Daily and Sunday,
(Continuing the letters of the State
Chemist to Georgia Farmers).
In letter No. 4, bulletin No. 38, I
alluded to the Importance of phospho
ric acid as a constituent of plant food,
It is in the same class with nitrogen
Florida Phosphates.
The next great discovery of phos
phate rock in this country occurred
in Florida in 1888 and ’89. There ore
different forms of this phosphate;
first, we have the land or boulder
phosphate, which occurs in rocky or
stony masses of varying size and
CEOOM,
f-DBAI.bB IN-
watcb.es,x
$7.00 per annum. Daily except & n d potash, they being the elements form, and varying from 30 to 40 per.
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Standard American AnnnaL
aid ENCYCLOPEDIA
A Statistical Volume of
Fads and Figures Containing Over
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THE COMMONER,
(Mr. Bryan’s Paper.)
The Commoner has attained within
six months from date of the first issue a
circulation of 100,000 copies, a record
probably never equaled in the history of
American periodical literature. The
unparalleled growth of this paper de
monstrates that there is room in the
newspaper fields for a national paper de
voted to the discussion of political,
economiflfeand social problems. To the
eolumnsm the Commoner Mr. _ Bryan
contributes his best efforts ;and his views
of political events as they arise from
time to time can not fail to interest those
who study publio questions.
Th'e Commoner’s regular subeription
price is 81*00 per yecr. We have arrang
ed with Mr. Bryan whereby we can fur
nish his paper and Home Journal to
gether for on& year for 81-90. The reg
ular subscription price of the two pa
pers when suboribed for separately is
82.60.
BRING US YOUR JOB WORK. SATIS
FACTION GIMANEETD.
found only in small quantity in most
cultivated soils, all the other elements
necessary to plant life being usually
present in profusion. Phosphoric
acid, then, must be added to the soil
■ if we expect large yields. The vari
ous sources of phosphoric acid, then,
are of interest.
! Bones were the first ants earliest
form in which phosphoric acid was
applied to the soil. Bones are a com*
, bination of organic and Inorganic
matter. The organic matter in a bone
j consists mainly of fat and a glutin*
: ous matter; the inorganic matter is
chiefly phosphate of lime. This dual
| composition of a bone can be demon-
i strated very graphically by taking
j the leg bone of an animal and soak*
j ing it for quite a while in weak mu*
! ri^tic acid. The acid will dissolve
j away the phosphate of lime, which
! gives rigidity and stiffness to ' the
hone, and leave behind the glutinous,
flexible animal matter of the bone,
j which will still retain the shape of
! the original bone. You can now take
j this soft organic matter and tie it
j into a knot, without breaking it. ThlB
soft animal matter of the bone is rich
In nitrogen, so that a bone fertilizer
is' a double manure, both phosphatic
and nitrogenous. Bones vary a good
deal in composition, according to the
: nature and age of the, animal; there
is not so much phosphate in the bories
of a young animal as those of an old
! one. Even in the came animal, the
, hard thigh hones of an ox, for in-
; stance, will contain more phosphate
; of lime than softer bones from other
' parts of the animal. Bones to be of
, value should of course he ground, and
the finer the grinding the better. A
i coarsely crushed or ground raw hone,
, which has not been treated to remove
any of its original fatty matter, will
j decay with comparative slowness in
■ the soil, and consequently but little
! effect might he perceived from its
| application the first season.
A good raw 'bone will contain on an
average 22 per cent, phosphoric acid
j apd 4 per cent, of nitrogen. Such a
| hone is quite difficult to grind line,
I and on its fineness depends in lajrge
j measure its value as a fertilizer. But
by boiling and steaming, much of the
fat is removed, which has no value as
a manure; some of ithe nitrogen is
also removed in the form of glue and
gelatine by the boiling and steaming
process. This treatment however en
ables the bone to be( ground much
finer than the raw bone, and where the
process has been carried out very
thoroughly, as in the manufacture of
glue, the resulting ground bone may
contain as high as 30 per cent, of
phosphoric acid, but the nitrogen in
this case will be reduced to less than
2 per cent. Actual experiments have
shown that all the phosphoric acid
from a finely ground steamed bone
may become available in one to two
seasons in the soil, while that from a
coarse ground raw bone would not be
come fully available in three or four
seasons.
The Mineral or Rock Phosphates.
If bones were the only source of
phosphoric acid, modern agriculture
would be in a distressing condition,
since bones could supply only a very
small part of the demand. The prices
of fertilizers would be very much
higher than they now are; the cotton
crop of the South and the grain crops
of the world would; be very much
smaller, and the population, of the
earth very much less than it now is.
So true Is it that life itself as counted
by generations rises and falls in great
er or smaller volume, In unison with
the available supply of plant food In
the soil. A very large proportion of
the dense population and Increased
wealth of the Old World Is doubtless
duo to the discovery of the mineral
phosphates. Deposits of these in
greater or less quantity have been
known for a long time In the Old
World, but I shall mention only those
fields in this country which are of
great commercial Importance today,
\ The first of these In point of discov
i cry and development were the South
Ci:c’.'.::a phosphate beds. These beds
are in the neighborhood of Charleston,
S. C. The rock Is found both in the
land and in the rivers in that vicin
ity. This' phosphate Is found usually
in the form of lumps or nodules, ya*
cent, of phosphoric acid; sedond, the
“soft” phosphate, a white powdery ma
terial, mixed with more or less kaolin
and containing from 18 to SO per cent,
phosphoric acid; thirdly, we have the
“pebble” form consisting of small, hard
rounded pebbles, which occur both
in the beds of the rivers, and in de
posits on the land. They are varia
ble in composition, but range from
about 30 to 36 per cent, of phosphoric
acid. The Florida rock constitutes a
very important source of phosphoric
acid, is highly esteemed, and Is usqd
largely both at home and abroad.
Term essee Phosphate.
Shortly after the discovery of phos
phate rock in Florida, discoveries be
gan to be made in Tennessee in the vi-
clnity of Nashville, and later still Im
portant deposits began to be found
in Maury county, Tenn., near- Mt.
Pleasant. This rock, like the others,
is variable in form and composition,
but the marketable varieties range
from 30 to 37 per cent, of phosphoric
acid. There are other important phos.
phatic deposits in the world, but those
Just described constitute the import
ant ones for southern agriculture.
Having mentioned the chief sources
of nitrogen and phosphoric acid, wo
will take a bird’s-eye view of the
source of potash.
JOHN M. McCANDLEBS,
State Chemist.
OPTICIAN SPECIALTIES.
High-Class', Work of Every Description,.
Absolute Satisfaction Guaranteed.
FA 311
609F«nrtli Ktrei't.
MACON. GA.
E. J. MILLER.
0. J. CLARK.
Dealers in Tennessee, Georgia, ^talian and American Marble and-
European and Domestic Granite.
Estimates furnished and contracts made for all kinds ot Building
Stone. Iron Railing fo* Cemetery Work a specialty.
We have lately added a fully equipped Cutting aud Polishing
Plant, with the latest Pneumatic tools, and can meet all competition
A European letter to the Coun
try Gentleman says that the past
year ha9 left England throe inches
short on the average rainfall, and
that there is continued outcry
among the farmers within a radi
us of forty miles about London.
The underground reservoirs have
been drained to a lower depth
than usual, and diggers are badly
needed for deepening village wells
that never gave out before.
Education is uot a charity but
a business, the most important
business of the individual, of so
ciety and of the state. Money ex
pended in right education is not
to be regavded as a tax but as an
investment. It is the best and
safest form of investment for
whatever capital one generation
may have to bequeath to the next.
—Southern Education Board.
According to the Railroad Ga
zette 6,026 miles of new steam
railroad were built in the United
States during 1902. The figuro.3
are exclusive of second track, sid
ings and all electric lines. Re
built, mileago is also excluded, ex
cept where the work involved such
extensive changes in allignment
that a new route was established
The United States has 200,000
miles of railways, upon which
there are 548 employes for each
100 miles. The cost of operating
these roads with steam power
$502,600,000 a year, but to carry
on the same amount of work with
men aud horses would cost the
country $11,908,500,000.
The scratch of a pin may cause
the loss of a limb or even death
when blood poisoning results from
an injury. All danger of this may
be avoided, however, by. prompt
ly applying Chamberlain’s Pain
Balm- It is an antiseptic and
quick healing liniment for cuts
bruises and burns. For sale by
all diuggists.
Gen. John B. Gordon has set
the date of the thirteenth annual
reunion of Confederate Veterans
in May,to be held in New Orleans
The veterans will as=-omble on the
19th and the meeting will contin
ue to the 22ud.
To <j5j3‘e a Cold ti* One Day
Take Laxative Broinu Quimue
'Tablets. All druggists refund the
money if it fails'to cure. E. W
Grove’s signature on each box.25c
MILLER & CLARK,
AMERICAS, GA.
-DEALERS IN-
MARBLE AND GRANITE MONUMENTS
CURBSTONES, STATUARY, ETC.
The Kind You Have Always Bought, and which has been
in use for over 30 years, has home the signatnro of
and has been made under his per
sonal supervision since its infancy.
Allow no one to deceive you in this*
All Counterfeits, Imitations and “Just-as-good” are but
Experiments that trifle with and endanger the health of
Infants and Childrcn—Experience against Experiment.
What is CASTOR 1A
CJastoria 5n n, Inrrrdcss substitute for Castor Oil, Pare
goric, Drops and ftoothing Syrups. It is Pleasant. It
contains neither Opium, Morphine nor other Narcotic
substance. Its ago is its guarantee. It destroys "Worms
and allays Feverishness. It cures Diarrhoea and Wind
Colic. It relieves Toothing Troubles, cures Constipation
and Flatulency. It assimilates the Food, regulates the
ana ppat;
Stomach
and Bowels, giving healthy and natural sleep*
The Children’s Pahacea—Tho Mother’s Friend.
ISY->ao
if.'.
:ear-j Hi
ORSA-
Signature of
ALWAYS
Years.
THE CENTAUR COMPANY, 77 MURRAY STREET. NEW YORK CITY.
1870, 1903.
HOME JOURNAL.
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THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM
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We strive to make the paper a welcome visitor to every
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Liberal reduction for’cash one
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Editor and Pub,r.,
Perry, Ga.
$19
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JN0. H. HODGES,
